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Pankin D, Povolotckaia A, Borisov E, Povolotskiy A, Borzenko S, Gulyaev A, Gerasimenko S, Dorochov A, Khamuev V, Moskovskiy M. Investigation of Spectroscopic Peculiarities of Ergot-Infected Winter Wheat Grains. Foods 2023; 12:3426. [PMID: 37761134 PMCID: PMC10528831 DOI: 10.3390/foods12183426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Wheat has played an important role in human agriculture since ancient times. Increasing rates of processed wheat product fabrication require more and more laboratory studies of product quality. This, in turn, requires the use, in production and in field conditions, of sufficiently accurate, fast and relatively low-cost quality control methods, including the detection of fungal diseases. One of the most widespread fungal diseases of wheat in the world is ergot caused by the fungi genus Claviceps. Optical methods are promising for this disease identification due to the relative ease of implementation and the possibility of performing fast analyses in large volumes. However, for application in practice, it is necessary to identify and substantiate characteristic spectral markers that make it possible to judge the sample contamination. In this regard, within the framework of this study, the methods of IR absorption spectroscopy in the MIR region and reflection spectroscopy in the UV-vis-NIR ranges, as well as luminescence spectroscopy, were used to study ergot-infected grains of winter wheat of the "Moskovskaya 56" cultivar. To justify the choice of the most specific spectral ranges, the methods of chemometric analysis with supervised classification, namely PCA-LDA and PCA-SVM, were applied. The possibility of separating infected grains according to the IR absorption, reflection spectra in the UV-vis-NIR ranges and visible luminescence spectra was tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrii Pankin
- Center for Optical and Laser Materials Research, St. Petersburg State University, Ulianovskaya 5, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia; (D.P.); (E.B.)
| | - Anastasia Povolotckaia
- Center for Optical and Laser Materials Research, St. Petersburg State University, Ulianovskaya 5, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia; (D.P.); (E.B.)
| | - Eugene Borisov
- Center for Optical and Laser Materials Research, St. Petersburg State University, Ulianovskaya 5, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia; (D.P.); (E.B.)
| | - Alexey Povolotskiy
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii pr. 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Sergey Borzenko
- Federal Scientific Agro-Engineering Center VIM, 1st Institutskiy proezd 5, 109428 Moscow, Russia; (S.B.); (A.G.); (S.G.); (A.D.); (V.K.); (M.M.)
| | - Anatoly Gulyaev
- Federal Scientific Agro-Engineering Center VIM, 1st Institutskiy proezd 5, 109428 Moscow, Russia; (S.B.); (A.G.); (S.G.); (A.D.); (V.K.); (M.M.)
| | - Stanislav Gerasimenko
- Federal Scientific Agro-Engineering Center VIM, 1st Institutskiy proezd 5, 109428 Moscow, Russia; (S.B.); (A.G.); (S.G.); (A.D.); (V.K.); (M.M.)
| | - Alexey Dorochov
- Federal Scientific Agro-Engineering Center VIM, 1st Institutskiy proezd 5, 109428 Moscow, Russia; (S.B.); (A.G.); (S.G.); (A.D.); (V.K.); (M.M.)
| | - Viktor Khamuev
- Federal Scientific Agro-Engineering Center VIM, 1st Institutskiy proezd 5, 109428 Moscow, Russia; (S.B.); (A.G.); (S.G.); (A.D.); (V.K.); (M.M.)
| | - Maksim Moskovskiy
- Federal Scientific Agro-Engineering Center VIM, 1st Institutskiy proezd 5, 109428 Moscow, Russia; (S.B.); (A.G.); (S.G.); (A.D.); (V.K.); (M.M.)
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Shi H, Yu P. Using Molecular Spectroscopic Techniques (NIR and ATR-FT/MIR) Coupling with Various Chemometrics to Test Possibility to Reveal Chemical and Molecular Response of Cool-Season Adapted Wheat Grain to Ergot Alkaloids. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:151. [PMID: 36828464 PMCID: PMC9962322 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15020151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to explore the possibility of using near infrared (NIR) and Fourier transform mid-infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflectance (ATR-FT/MIR) molecular spectroscopic techniques as non-invasive and rapid methods for the quantification of six major ergot alkaloids (EAs) in cool-season wheat. In total, 107 wheat grain samples were collected, and the concentration of six major EAs was analyzed using the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry technique. The mean content of the total EAs-ergotamine, ergosine, ergometrine, ergocryptine, ergocristine, and ergocornine-was 1099.3, 337.5, 56.9, 150.6, 142.1, 743.3, and 97.45 μg/kg, respectively. The NIR spectra were taken from 680 to 2500 nm, and the MIR spectra were recorded from 4000-700 cm-1. The spectral data were transformed by various preprocessing techniques (which included: FD: first derivative; SNV: standard normal variate; FD-SNV: first derivative + SNV; MSC: multiplicative scattering correction; SNV-Detrending: SNV + detrending; SD-SNV: second derivative + SNV; SNV-SD: SNV + first derivative); and sensitive wavelengths were selected. The partial least squares (PLS) regression models were developed for EA validation statistics. Results showed that the constructed models obtained weak calibration and cross-validation parameters, and none of the models was able to accurately predict external samples. The relatively low levels of EAs in the contaminated wheat samples might be lower than the detection limits of the NIR and ATR-FT/MIR spectroscopies. More research is needed to determine the limitations of the ATR-FT/MIR and NIR techniques for quantifying EAs in various sample matrices and to develop acceptable models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Shi
- College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Peiqiang Yu
- College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
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Shi H, Yu P. Correlation patterns prevalence, and co-occurrence of ergot alkaloids in cool-season adapted cereal grains revealed with molecular spectroscopy and LC-MS/MS equipped HPLC system. Food Chem 2022; 393:133322. [PMID: 35661467 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
It is necessary to obtain more recent data on the prevalence and co-occurrence of mycotoxins in feed and food to minimize risks. This study examined the recent presence, co-occurrence, and correlation patterns of six major ergot alkaloids (EAs; i.e. ergocornine, ergocristine, ergocryptine, ergometrine, ergosine, and ergotamine) in cool-season adapted barley (n = 57) and wheat (n = 80) submitted by livestock producers and industries for testing ergot alkaloids/mycotoxins by liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry method. Overall, 91% industry-submitted barley samples and 84% industry-submitted wheat samples tested positive for at least one ergot alkaloid and 33% industry-submitted barley and 38% industry-submitted wheat samples were found to be co-contaminated with all six major EAs. The content of total EAs in 9 industry-submitted barley (16%) and 18 industry-submitted wheat (23%) samples exceeded the recommended maximum allowable level for lactating or pregnant animals (250 ppb). All the barley and wheat samples that contained detectable ergosine were found to co-occur with other EAs. Overall, the content of individual EAs was positively correlated with each other and strong correlations (r > 0.8, P < 0.01) were detected between the content of individual EAs and total EAs. These results implied that the industry and producers submitted cool-season adapted barley and wheat samples contaminated with a single EA is likely to contain high levels of other major EAs. The patterns of individual EAs in this study were distinct from previous studies that focus on samples from European countries. Ergocristine was remained as the predominant EAs in the industry-submitted cool-season adapted barley and wheat samples at levels up to 9438.8 and 12416.2 ppb, respectively. While the mean contents of ergosine were the lowest (68.5 and 50.6 ppb for the industry-submitted cool-season adapted barley and wheat samples, respectively). The high prevalence and co-occurrence of EAs indicated that ergot contamination is still posing a significant threat to food and feed industry and more research is expected to reduce the contamination level and explore the toxicological significance of various co-occurrence profiles. A full scale of investigation for all barley and wheat samples is needed to obtain a full picture of mycotoxin contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Shi
- Ministry of Agriculture Strategic Research Chair Program Labs, Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N5A8, Canada; Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Peiqiang Yu
- Ministry of Agriculture Strategic Research Chair Program Labs, Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N5A8, Canada.
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Mishra G, Panda BK, Ramirez WA, Jung H, Singh CB, Lee SH, Lee I. Research advancements in optical imaging and spectroscopic techniques for nondestructive detection of mold infection and mycotoxins in cereal grains and nuts. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:4612-4651. [PMID: 34338431 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Cereal grains and nuts are represented as the economic backbone of many developed and developing countries. Kernels of cereal grains and nuts are prone to mold infection under high relative humidity and suitable temperature conditions in the field as well as storage conditions. Health risks caused by molds and their molecular metabolite mycotoxins are, therefore, important topics to investigate. Strict regulations have been developed by international trade regulatory bodies for the detection of mold growth and mycotoxin contamination across the food chain starting from the harvest to storage and consumption. Molds and aflatoxins are not evenly distributed over the bulk of grains, thus appropriate sampling for detection and quantification is crucial. Existing reference methods for mold and mycotoxin detection are destructive in nature as well as involve skilled labor and hazardous chemicals. Also, these methods cannot be used for inline sorting of the infected kernels. Thus, analytical methods have been extensively researched to develop the one that is more practical to be used in commercial detection and sorting processes. Among various analytical techniques, optical imaging and spectroscopic techniques are attracting growers' attention for their potential of nondestructive and rapid inline identification and quantification of molds and mycotoxins in various food products. This review summarizes the recent application of rapid and nondestructive optical imaging and spectroscopic techniques, including digital color imaging, X-ray imaging, near-infrared spectroscopy, fluorescent, multispectral, and hyperspectral imaging. Advance chemometric techniques to identify very low-level mold growth and mycotoxin contamination are also discussed. Benefits, limitations, and challenges of deploying these techniques in practice are also presented in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayatri Mishra
- UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia, Australia
| | - Brajesh Kumar Panda
- UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia, Australia
| | - Wilmer Ariza Ramirez
- UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia, Australia
| | - Hyewon Jung
- UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia, Australia
| | - Chandra B Singh
- UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia, Australia.,Centre for Applied Research, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Lethbridge College, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sang-Heon Lee
- UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ivan Lee
- UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia, Australia
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Kuner M, Kühn S, Haase H, Meyer K, Koch M. Cleaving Ergot Alkaloids by Hydrazinolysis-A Promising Approach for a Sum Parameter Screening Method. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13050342. [PMID: 34064772 PMCID: PMC8151494 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13050342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ergot alkaloids are mycotoxins formed by fungi of the Claviceps genus, which are some of the most common contaminants of food and feed worldwide. These toxins are a structurally heterogeneous group of compounds, sharing an ergoline backbone. Six structures and their corresponding stereoisomers are typically quantified by either HPLC-FLD or HPLC-MS/MS and the values subsequently summed up to determine the total ergot alkaloid content. For the development of a screening method targeting all ergot alkaloids simultaneously, the alkaloids need to be transferred to one homogeneous structure: a lysergic acid derivative. In this study, two promising cleaving methods—acidic esterification and hydrazinolysis—are compared, using dihydroergocristine as a model compound. While the acidic esterification proved to be unsuitable, due to long reaction times and oxidation sensitivity, hydrazinolysis reached a quantitative yield in 40‒60 min. Parallel workup of several samples is possible. An increasing effect on the reaction rate by the addition of ammonium iodide was demonstrated. Application of hydrazinolysis to a major ergot alkaloid mix solution showed that all ergopeptines were cleaved, but ergometrine/-inine was barely affected. Still, hydrazinolysis is a suitable tool for the development of a sum parameter screening method for ergot alkaloids in food and feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Kuner
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und-prüfung (BAM), 12205 Berlin, Germany; (M.K.); (K.M.)
| | - Susanne Kühn
- Institut Kirchhoff Berlin GmbH, 13347 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Hajo Haase
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Klas Meyer
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und-prüfung (BAM), 12205 Berlin, Germany; (M.K.); (K.M.)
| | - Matthias Koch
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und-prüfung (BAM), 12205 Berlin, Germany; (M.K.); (K.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Chung SWC. A critical review of analytical methods for ergot alkaloids in cereals and feed and in particular suitability of method performance for regulatory monitoring and epimer-specific quantification. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2021; 38:997-1012. [PMID: 33784227 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2021.1898679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Cereals and feed contaminated with ergot alkaloids (EAs) have been of concern for several decades. Nowadays, analysis of EAs is focused on ergometrine, ergotamine, ergosine, ergocristine, ergocryptine (a mixture of α- and β-isomers) and ergocornine and their related -inine epimers as listed in the European Commission Recommendation 2012/154/EU. Liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection has been used for quantification of EAs for decades whilst LC-MS has become the work-horse for quantification of EAs in the last decade. However, in LC-MS analysis matrix effects of different magnitudes exist for each EA epimer, especially ergometrine/ergometrinine, even after different clean-up procedures. This leads to an underestimation or overestimation of EAs levels. Moreover, isotopic labelled standards for EAs are still not available in the market. This review aims to provide background information on different analytical methods, discuss their advantages and disadvantages and possible advancement. Moreover, the method performance requirements to support forthcoming regulations are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen W C Chung
- Independent Researcher, Formerly with the Food Research Laboratory, Centre for Food Safety, Hong Kong
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Aheto JH, Huang X, Tian X, Ren Y, Ernest B, Alenyorege EA, Dai C, Hongyang T, Xiaorui Z, Wang P. Multi-sensor integration approach based on hyperspectral imaging and electronic nose for quantitation of fat and peroxide value of pork meat. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:1169-1179. [PMID: 31912184 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02345-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The study assessed the feasibility of merging data acquired from hyperspectral imaging (HSI) and electronic nose (e-nose) to develop a robust method for the rapid prediction of intramuscular fat (IMF) and peroxide value (PV) of pork meat affected by temperature and NaCl treatments. Multivariate calibration models for prediction of IMF and PV using median spectra features (MSF) and image texture features (ITF) from HSI data and mean signal values (MSV) from e-nose signals were established based on support vector machine regression (SVMR). Optimum wavelengths highly related to IMF and PV were selected from the MSF and ITF. Next, recurring optimum wavelengths from the two feature groups were manually obtained and merged to constitute "combined attribute features" (CAF) which yielded acceptable results with (Rc2 = 0.877, 0.891; RMSEC = 2.410, 1.109; Rp2 = 0.790, 0.858; RMSEP = 3.611, 2.013) respectively for IMF and PV. MSV yielded relatively low results with (Rc2 = 0.783, 0.877; RMSEC = 4.591, 0.653; Rp2 = 0.704, 0.797; RMSEP = 3.991, 0.760) respectively for IMF and PV. Finally, data fusion of CAF and MSV was performed which yielded relatively improved prediction results with (Rc2 = 0.936, 0.955; RMSEC = 1.209, 0.997; Rp2 = 0.895, 0.901; RMSEP = 2.099, 1.008) respectively for IMF and PV. The results obtained demonstrate that it is feasible to mutually integrate spectral and image features with volatile information to quantitatively monitor IMF and PV in processed pork meat. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Harrington Aheto
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Road 301, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xingyi Huang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Road 301, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Tian
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Road 301, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yi Ren
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Road 301, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
- Suzhou Polytechnic Institute of Agriculture, School of Smart Agriculture, No.279 Xiyuan Road, Suzhou, 215008, China
| | - Bonah Ernest
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Road 301, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
- Food and Drugs Authority, Laboratory Services Department, P. O. Box CT 2783, Cantonments, Accra, Ghana
| | - Evans Adingba Alenyorege
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Road 301, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
- Faculty of Agriculture, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Chunxia Dai
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Road 301, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Road 301, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tu Hongyang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Road 301, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhang Xiaorui
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Road 301, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peichang Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Road 301, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
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Shi H, Schwab W, Liu N, Yu P. Major ergot alkaloids in naturally contaminated cool-season barley grain grown under a cold climate condition in western Canada, explored with near-infrared (NIR) and fourier transform mid-infrared (ATR-FT/MIR) spectroscopy. Food Control 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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9
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Critical assessment of formulation, processing and storage conditions on the quality of alveolar baked products determined by different analytical techniques: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2018.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Vermeulen P, Suman M, Fernández Pierna JA, Baeten V. Discrimination between durum and common wheat kernels using near infrared hyperspectral imaging. J Cereal Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Vermeulen P, Ebene MB, Orlando B, Fernández Pierna JA, Baeten V. Online detection and quantification of particles of ergot bodies in cereal flour using near-infrared hyperspectral imaging. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2017; 34:1312-1319. [PMID: 28580874 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2017.1336798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to assess near-infrared (NIR) hyperspectral imaging for the detection of ergot bodies at the particle level in cereal flour. For this study, ground ergot body samples and wheat flour samples as well as mixtures of both from 100 to 500,000 mg kg-1 were analysed. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) models were developed and applied to spectral images in order to detect the ergot body particles. Ergot was detected in 100% of samples spiked at more than 10,000 mg kg-1 and no false-positives were obtained with non-contaminated samples. A correlation of 0.99 was calculated between the reference values and the values predicted by the PLS-DA model. For the cereal flours containing less than 10,000 mg kg-1 of ergot, it was possible for some samples spiked as low as 100 mg kg-1 to detect enough pixels of ergot to conclude that the sample was contaminated. However, some samples were under- or overestimated, which can be explained by the lack of homogeneity in relation to the sampling issue and the thickness of the sample. This study has demonstrated the potential of NIR hyperspectral imaging combined with chemometrics as an alternative solution for discriminating ergot body particles from cereal flour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ph Vermeulen
- a Food and Feed Quality Unit (U15), Valorisation of Agricultural Products Department (D4) , Walloon Agricultural Research Centre (CRA-W) , Gembloux , Belgium
| | - M B Ebene
- b AgroLouvain , Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL) , Louvain-la-Neuve , Belgium
| | - B Orlando
- c ARVALIS , Institut du végétal, Station expérimentale , Boigneville , France
| | - J A Fernández Pierna
- a Food and Feed Quality Unit (U15), Valorisation of Agricultural Products Department (D4) , Walloon Agricultural Research Centre (CRA-W) , Gembloux , Belgium
| | - V Baeten
- a Food and Feed Quality Unit (U15), Valorisation of Agricultural Products Department (D4) , Walloon Agricultural Research Centre (CRA-W) , Gembloux , Belgium.,b AgroLouvain , Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL) , Louvain-la-Neuve , Belgium
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Abstract
Cereals and, most specifically, wheat are described in this chapter highlighting on their safety and quality aspects. Moreover, wheat quality aspects are adequately addressed since they are used to characterize dough properties and baking quality. Determination of dough properties is also mentioned and pasta quality is also described in this chapter. Chemometrics-multivariate analysis is one of the analyses carried out. Regarding production weighing/mixing of flours, kneading, extruded wheat flours, and sodium chloride are important processing steps/raw materials used in the manufacturing of pastry products. Staling of cereal-based products is also taken into account. Finally, safety aspects of cereal-based products are well documented with special emphasis on mycotoxins, acrylamide, and near infrared methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo Varzakas
- a Technological Educational Institute of Peloponnese , Kalamata , Greece
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Tankeu S, Vermaak I, Chen W, Sandasi M, Viljoen A. Differentiation between two "fang ji" herbal medicines, Stephania tetrandra and the nephrotoxic Aristolochia fangchi, using hyperspectral imaging. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2016; 122:213-222. [PMID: 26632529 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Stephania tetrandra ("hang fang ji") and Aristolochia fangchi ("guang fang ji") are two different plant species used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Both are commonly referred to as "fang ji" and S. tetrandra is mistakenly substituted and adulterated with the nephrotoxic A. fangchi as they have several morphological similarities. A. fangchi contains aristolochic acid, a carcinogen that causes urothelial carcinoma as well as aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN). In Belgium, 128 cases of AAN was reported while in China, a further 116 cases with end-stage renal disease were noted. Toxicity issues associated with species substitution and adulteration necessitate the development of reliable methods for the quality assessment of herbal medicines. Hyperspectral imaging in combination with partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) is suggested as an effective method to distinguish between S. tetrandra and A. fangchi root powder. Hyperspectral images were obtained in the wavelength region of 920-2514nm. Reduction of the dimensionality of the data was done by selecting the discrimination information range (964-1774nm). A discrimination model with a coefficient of determination (R(2)) of 0.9 and a root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 0.23 was created. The constructed model successfully identified A. fangchi and S. tetrandra samples inserted into the model as an external validation set. In addition, adulteration detection was investigated by preparing incremental adulteration mixtures of S. tetrandra with A. fangchi (10-90%). Hyperspectral imaging showed the ability to accurately predict adulteration as low as 10%. It is evident that hyperspectral imaging has tremendous potential in the development of visual quality control methods which may prevent cases of aristolochic acid nephropathy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidonie Tankeu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Ilze Vermaak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; SAMRC Herbal Drugs Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
| | - Weiyang Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Maxleene Sandasi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Alvaro Viljoen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; SAMRC Herbal Drugs Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
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14
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de Jong J, López P, Mol H, Baeten V, Fernández Pierna JA, Vermeulen P, Vincent U, Boix A, von Holst C, Tomaniova M, Hajslova J, Yang Z, Han L, MacDonald S, Haughey SA, Elliott CT. Analytical strategies for the early quality and safety assurance in the global feed chain. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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15
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Xiong Z, Sun DW, Xie A, Pu H, Han Z, Luo M. Quantitative determination of total pigments in red meats using hyperspectral imaging and multivariate analysis. Food Chem 2015; 178:339-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.01.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Origin authentication of distillers' dried grains and solubles (DDGS)--application and comparison of different analytical strategies. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:6447-61. [PMID: 26123435 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8807-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In the context of products from certain regions or countries being banned because of an identified or non-identified hazard, proof of geographical origin is essential with regard to feed and food safety issues. Usually, the product labeling of an affected feed lot shows origin, and the paper documentation shows traceability. Incorrect product labeling is common in embargo situations, however, and alternative analytical strategies for controlling feed authenticity are therefore needed. In this study, distillers' dried grains and solubles (DDGS) were chosen as the product on which to base a comparison of analytical strategies aimed at identifying the most appropriate one. Various analytical techniques were investigated for their ability to authenticate DDGS, including spectroscopic and spectrometric techniques combined with multivariate data analysis, as well as proven techniques for authenticating food, such as DNA analysis and stable isotope ratio analysis. An external validation procedure (called the system challenge) was used to analyze sample sets blind and to compare analytical techniques. All the techniques were adapted so as to be applicable to the DDGS matrix. They produced positive results in determining the botanical origin of DDGS (corn vs. wheat), and several of them were able to determine the geographical origin of the DDGS in the sample set. The maintenance and extension of the databanks generated in this study through the analysis of new authentic samples from a single location are essential in order to monitor developments and processing that could affect authentication.
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17
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Abstract
The principles and application of established and newer methods for the quantitative and semi-quantitative determination of ergot alkaloids in food, feed, plant materials and animal tissues are reviewed. The techniques of sampling, extraction, clean-up, detection, quantification and validation are described. The major procedures for ergot alkaloid analysis comprise liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (LC-FLD). Other methods based on immunoassays are under development and variations of these and minor techniques are available for specific purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Crews
- Fera Science Ltd., Sand Hutton, North Yorks YO41 1LZ, UK.
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18
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Juliano da Silva C, Pasquini C. Comparing near-infrared conventional diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and hyperspectral imaging for determination of the bulk properties of solid samples by multivariate regression: determination of Mooney viscosity and plasticity indices of natural rubber. Analyst 2015; 140:512-22. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an00836g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bulk properties of natural rubber are determined by hyperspectral imaging and conventional spectroscopy in the near-infrared region.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Celio Pasquini
- Chemistry Institute
- University of Campinas – UNICAMP
- Campinas
- Brazil
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19
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Dai Q, Sun DW, Cheng JH, Pu H, Zeng XA, Xiong Z. Recent Advances in De-Noising Methods and Their Applications in Hyperspectral Image Processing for the Food Industry. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Dai
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences; South China Univ. of Technology; Guangzhou 510641 China
- Food Refrigeration and Computerized Food Technology; Agriculture and Food Science Centre; Univ. College Dublin; National Univ. of Ireland; Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Da-Wen Sun
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences; South China Univ. of Technology; Guangzhou 510641 China
- Food Refrigeration and Computerized Food Technology; Agriculture and Food Science Centre; Univ. College Dublin; National Univ. of Ireland; Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Jun-Hu Cheng
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences; South China Univ. of Technology; Guangzhou 510641 China
- Food Refrigeration and Computerized Food Technology; Agriculture and Food Science Centre; Univ. College Dublin; National Univ. of Ireland; Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Hongbin Pu
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences; South China Univ. of Technology; Guangzhou 510641 China
- Food Refrigeration and Computerized Food Technology; Agriculture and Food Science Centre; Univ. College Dublin; National Univ. of Ireland; Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Xin-An Zeng
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences; South China Univ. of Technology; Guangzhou 510641 China
- Food Refrigeration and Computerized Food Technology; Agriculture and Food Science Centre; Univ. College Dublin; National Univ. of Ireland; Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Zhenjie Xiong
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences; South China Univ. of Technology; Guangzhou 510641 China
- Food Refrigeration and Computerized Food Technology; Agriculture and Food Science Centre; Univ. College Dublin; National Univ. of Ireland; Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
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20
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Vermeulen P, Fernández Pierna JA, Abbas O, Dardenne P, Baeten V. Origin identification of dried distillers grains with solubles using attenuated total reflection Fourier transform mid-infrared spectroscopy after in situ oil extraction. Food Chem 2014; 189:19-26. [PMID: 26190596 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.09.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The ban on using processed animal proteins in feedstuffs led the feed sector to look for other sources of protein. Dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) could be considered as an important source in this regard. They are imported into Europe mainly for livestock feed. Identifying their origin is essential when labelling is missing and for feed safety, particularly in a crisis situation resulting from contamination. This study investigated applying attenuated total reflection Fourier transform mid-infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FT-MIR) to the oil fraction extracted from samples in situ in order to identify the origin of DDGS. The use of spectroscopic and chemometric tools enabled the botanical and geographical origins of DDGS, as well as the industrial process used to produce them, to be identified. The models developed during the study provided a classification higher than 95% using an external validation set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ph Vermeulen
- Valorisation of Agricultural Products Department, Walloon Agricultural Research Centre (CRA-W), Henseval Building, 24 Chaussée de Namur, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
| | - J A Fernández Pierna
- Valorisation of Agricultural Products Department, Walloon Agricultural Research Centre (CRA-W), Henseval Building, 24 Chaussée de Namur, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - O Abbas
- Valorisation of Agricultural Products Department, Walloon Agricultural Research Centre (CRA-W), Henseval Building, 24 Chaussée de Namur, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - P Dardenne
- Valorisation of Agricultural Products Department, Walloon Agricultural Research Centre (CRA-W), Henseval Building, 24 Chaussée de Namur, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - V Baeten
- Valorisation of Agricultural Products Department, Walloon Agricultural Research Centre (CRA-W), Henseval Building, 24 Chaussée de Namur, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
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21
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Berthiller F, Burdaspal P, Crews C, Iha M, Krska R, Lattanzio V, MacDonald S, Malone R, Maragos C, Solfrizzo M, Stroka J, Whitaker T. Developments in mycotoxin analysis: an update for 2012-2013. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2014. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2013.1637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights developments in mycotoxin analysis and sampling over a period between mid-2012 and mid-2013. It covers the major mycotoxins: aflatoxins, Alternaria toxins, ergot alkaloids, fumonisins, ochratoxins, patulin, trichothecenes and zearalenone. A wide range of analytical methods for mycotoxin determination in food and feed were developed last year, in particular immunochemical methods and liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based methods. After a section on sampling and sample preparation, due to the rapid spread and developments in the field of LC-MS/MS multimycotoxin methods, a separate section has been devoted to this area of research. It is followed by a section on mycotoxins in botanicals and spices, before continuing with the format of previous reviews in this series with dedicated sections on method developments for the individual mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Berthiller
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna
- Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin Metabolism and Center for Analytical Chemistry, Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - P.A. Burdaspal
- National Centre for Food, Spanish Food Safety and Nutrition Agency, Carretera de Majadahonda a Pozuelo km 5, 228220 Majadahonda, Spain
| | - C. Crews
- The Food and Environment Research Agency, Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, United Kingdom
| | - M.H. Iha
- Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Laboratrio I de Ribeiro Preto, Av Dr Arnaldo 355, CEP 14085-410, Ribeiro Preto SP, Brazil
| | - R. Krska
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna
- Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin Metabolism and Center for Analytical Chemistry, Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - V.M.T. Lattanzio
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Via Amendola 122/o, Bari 700126, Italy
| | - S. MacDonald
- The Food and Environment Research Agency, Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, United Kingdom
| | - R.J. Malone
- Trilogy Analytical Laboratory, 870 Vossbrink Drive, Washington, MO 63090, USA
| | - C. Maragos
- USDA, ARS National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA
| | - M. Solfrizzo
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Via Amendola 122/o, Bari 700126, Italy
| | - J. Stroka
- Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (IRMM), European Commission Joint Research Centre, Retieseweg 111, 2440 Geel, Belgium
| | - T.B. Whitaker
- Biological and Agricultural Engineering Department, N.C. State University, P.O. Box 7625, Raleigh, NC 27695-7625, USA
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