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Borah P, Deka H. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) accumulation in selected medicinal plants: a mini review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:36532-36550. [PMID: 38753233 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33548-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The use of plant-based products in healthcare systems has experienced a tremendous rise leading to a substantial increase in global demand. However, the quality and effectiveness of such plant-based treatments are often affected due to contamination of various pollutants including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Like other plants, medicinal plants also uptake and accumulate PAHs when exposed to a contaminated environment. The consumption of such medicinal plants and/or plant-based products causes negative effects on health rather than providing any therapeutic advantages. Unfortunately, research focusing on PAH accumulation in medicinal plants has received very limited attention. This review discusses a sizable number of literature regarding the concentration of sixteen priority PAH pollutants as recognised by the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) in different medicinal plants. The review also highlights the risk assessment of cancer associated with some medicinal plants in terms of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) equivalent concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Borah
- Ecology and Environmental Remediation Laboratory, Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati-14, Assam, India
| | - Hemen Deka
- Ecology and Environmental Remediation Laboratory, Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati-14, Assam, India.
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2
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Cao D, Zhu Z, Zhao S, Zhang X, Lin J, Wang J, Zeng Q, Zhu M. Concentrations, Sources and Health Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Chinese Herbal Medicines. Molecules 2024; 29:972. [PMID: 38474484 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29050972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The determination and evaluation of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in seven Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) were conducted through a rapid and straightforward extraction and purification method, coupled with GC-MS. A sample-based solid-phase extraction (SPE) pretreatment technique, incorporating isotopic internal standards, was employed for detecting various medicinal parts of CHMs. The assay exhibited linearity within the range of 5 to 500 ng/mL, with linear coefficients (R2) for PAHs exceeding 0.999. The recoveries of spiked standards ranged from 63.37% to 133.12%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) ranging from 0.75% to 14.54%. The total PAH content varied from 176.906 to 1414.087 μg/kg. Among the 16 PAHs, phenanthrene (Phe) was consistently detected at the highest levels (47.045-168.640 μg/kg). Characteristic ratio analysis indicated that oil, coal, and biomass combustion were the primary sources of PAHs in CHMs. The health risk associated with CHMs was assessed using the lifetime carcinogenic risk approach, revealing potential health risks from the consumption of honeysuckle, while the health risks of consuming Lycium chinense berries were deemed negligible. For the other five CHMs (glycyrrhizae, Coix lacryma, ginseng, lotus seed, seed of Sterculia lychnophora), the health risk from consumption fell within acceptable ranges. Furthermore, sensitivity analyses utilizing Monte Carlo exposure assessment methods identified PAH levels in CHMs as health risk sensitizers. It is crucial to recognize that the consumption of herbal medicines is not a continuous process but entails potential health risks. Hence, the monitoring and risk assessment of PAH residues in CHMs demand careful attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyan Cao
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Zhu Zhu
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Siyuan Zhao
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Jianzai Lin
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Junji Wang
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Qinghong Zeng
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Meilin Zhu
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
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Park J, Kim K, Ryu D, Whang JH, Mah JH. GC-MS/MS Method for Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Herbal Medicines. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093853. [PMID: 37175264 PMCID: PMC10179879 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are hydrophobic organic contaminants that have a highly carcinogenic and mutagenic nature. This study aimed to develop and validate a sensitive analytical method to determine 8 PAHs in 51 herbal medicines (HMs) using gas chromatography (GC)-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Liquid--liquid extraction and florisil SPE cartridge purification were basically adopted for pretreatment. For the samples containing essential oil, starch grain, etc., N,N-dimethyl formamide/water mixture (9:1, v/v) was added in the extraction step. The multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) conditions were newly obtained by the infusion of reference solutions of the targeted compounds at a concentration of 100 ng/mL into the GC-MS/MS system used in this study. The 51 items were classified according to whether or not they contained essential oil. Eight PAHs were not detected in 39 (8.3%) of the 459 samples monitored. The total content of 8 PAHs ranged from 0.45 μg/kg in Anemarrhenae Rhizoma to 270.94 μg/kg in Zingiberis Rhizoma. The average content of those ranged from 0.9 μg/kg in Araliae Continentalis Radix to 110.8 μg/kg in Coptidis Rhizoma Preparata cum Vinum. The results of this study prove that the proposed method is useful for determining 8 PAHs in HMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jwahaeng Park
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuyeob Kim
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Dayoun Ryu
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hee Whang
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyung Mah
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
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4
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Jin Y, Liu B, Li C, Shi S. Origin identification of Cornus officinalis based on PCA-SVM combined model. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282429. [PMID: 36854014 PMCID: PMC9974136 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Infrared spectroscopy can quickly and non-destructively extract analytical information from samples. It can be applied to the authenticity identification of various Chinese herbal medicines, the prediction of the mixing amount of defective products, and the analysis of the origin. In this paper, the spectral information of Cornus officinalis from 11 origins was used as the research object, and the origin identification model of Cornus officinalis based on mid-infrared spectroscopy was established. First, principal component analysis was used to extract the absorbance data of Cornus officinalis in the wavenumber range of 551~3998 cm-1. The extracted principal components contain more than 99.8% of the information of the original data. Second, the extracted principal component information was used as input, and the origin category was used as output, and the origin identification model was trained with the help of support vector machine. In this paper, this combined model is called PCA-SVM combined model. Finally, the generalization ability of the PCA-SVM model is evaluated through an external test set. The three indicators of Accuracy, F1-Score, and Kappa coefficient are used to compare this model with other commonly used classification models such as naive Bayes model, decision trees, linear discriminant analysis, radial basis function neural network and partial least square discriminant analysis. The results show that PCA-SVM model is superior to other commonly used models in accuracy, F1 score and Kappa coefficient. In addition, compared with the SVM model with full spectrum data, the PCA-SVM model not only reduces the redundant variables in the model, but also has higher accuracy. Using this model to identify the origin of Cornus officinalis, the accuracy rate is 84.8%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueqiang Jin
- Public Foundational Courses Department, Nanjing Vocational University of Industry Technology, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Bing Liu
- Public Foundational Courses Department, Nanjing Vocational University of Industry Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Chaoning Li
- Research and Development Department, Nanjing Changxingyang Intelligent Home Company Limited, Nanjing, China
| | - Shasha Shi
- School of Science, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
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5
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Kim YY, Shin HS. Evaluation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons content of herbal medicine products in Korea by HPLC-FLD. Food Sci Biotechnol 2023; 32:101-109. [PMID: 36606095 PMCID: PMC9807727 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-022-01168-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to quantify four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH4) in herbal medicine products in Korea. The PAH4 (benzo[a]anthracene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, chrysene, and benzo[a]pyrene) were analyzed in 70 popularly used herbal medicine products without containing essential oil and containing essential oil matrices, using 3-methylcholanthrene as the internal standard. Ultrasonication and liquid-liquid extraction were followed by HPLC-FLD analysis. Satisfactory linearity (R 2 = 0.99), limit of detection (0.05-0.18 μg/kg), limit of quantification (0.14-0.54 μg/kg), recovery (85.72-112.18%), and precision (0.22-2.90%) of PAH4 were acquired. PAH contamination was detected in all herbal medicine products without containing essential oil and containing essential oil matrices types. In 44 samples of herbal medicine products, all PAH4 were detected, and in two samples of the other herbal medicine products, only benzo[b]fluoranthene was detected. The average concentration of PAH4 was 3.88 μg/kg. The validated analytical method was used for preventing human health risks related to the consumption of herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Yeon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10326 Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Seung Shin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10326 Republic of Korea
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Xiao J, Chen C, Li Y, Fan J, Yan Z, Cai Y. Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Indigowoad Leaves with Preconcentration by Cholesterol-Decorated Nickel Foam (NF) Dispersive Solid-Phase Extraction (DSPE) and Determination by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). ANAL LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2022.2134886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Chan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiahua Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhihong Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Ying Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
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Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Risk Assessment and Analytical Methods Using QuEchERS Pretreatment for the Evaluation of Herbal Medicine Ingredients in Korea. Foods 2021; 10:foods10092200. [PMID: 34574309 PMCID: PMC8472304 DOI: 10.3390/foods10092200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are carcinogenic and mutagenic compounds that are often formed during the thermal processing of herbal medicine ingredients. In this study, the concentrations of four PAHs (PAH4) in various herbal medicine ingredients were monitored. Further, the QuEChERS method was used to replace conventional pretreatment, a more complex and cumbersome approach. The recovery range of the QuEChERS method ranged between 89.65–118.59%, and the average detection levels of benzo[a]anthracene (BaA), chrysene (CHR), benzo[b]fluoranthene (BbF), and Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) in 50 herbal medicine ingredients were 0.18, 0.27, 1.13, and 0.17 μg/kg, respectively. The BaP and PAH4 levels in all tested samples were deemed safe according to risk characterization analyses based on European Union and Korean guidelines. Therefore, our findings indicated that the QuEChERS method could be used as an effective alternative to conventional sample pretreatment for the analysis of herbal medicine ingredients.
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Simple and robust differentiation of Ganoderma species by high performance thin-layer chromatography coupled with single quadrupole mass spectrometry QDa. Chin J Nat Med 2021; 19:295-304. [PMID: 33875169 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(21)60030-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a high performance thin-layer chromatography/single quadrupole mass spectrometry QDa (HPTLC-QDa) method for robust authentication of Ganoderma lucidum, a popular and valuable herbal medicine, has been developed. This method is simple and practical, which allows direct generation of characteristic mass spectra from the HPTLC plates automatically with the application of in situ solvent desorption interface. The HPTLC silica gel plates were developed with toluene-ethyl formate-formic acid (5 : 5 : 0.2, V/V) and all bands were transferred to QDa system directly in situ using 80% methanol with 0.1% formic acid as desorption solvent. The acquired HPTLC-QDa spectra showed that luminous yellow band b3, containing ganoderic acid B/G/H and ganodeneric acid B, the major active components of Ganoderma, could be found only in G. lucidum and G. lucidum (Antler-shaped), but not in G. sinense and G. applanatum. Moreover, bands b13 and b14 with m/z 475/477 and m/z 475/491/495, respectively, could be detected in G. lucidum (Antler-shaped), but not in G. lucidum, thus allowing simple and robust authentication of G. lucidum with confused species. This method is proved to be simple, practical and reproducible, which can be extended to analyze other herbal medicines.
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Zhou H, Liu N, Yan Z, Yu D, Wang L, Wang K, Wei X, Wu A. Development and validation of the one-step purification method coupled to LC-MS/MS for simultaneous determination of four aflatoxins in fermented tea. Food Chem 2021; 354:129497. [PMID: 33752112 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 is the potential chemical contaminant of most concern during the production and storage of fermented tea. In this work, a simple, fast, sensitive, accurate, and inexpensive method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous detection of four aflatoxins in fermented tea based on a modified sample pretreatment method and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Aflatoxins were extracted using acetonitrile and purified using mixed fillers (carboxyl multiwalled carbon nanotubes, hydrophilic-lipophilic balance, silica gel). Under optimum LC-MS conditions, the limits of quantification (LOQs) were 0.02-0.5 µg·kg-1. Recoveries from aflatoxins-fortified tea samples (1-12 µg·kg-1) were in the range of 78.94-105.23% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) less than 18.20%. The proposed method was applied successfully to determine aflatoxin levels in fermented tea samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zhou
- SIBS-UGENT-SJTU Joint Laboratory of Mycotoxin Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Na Liu
- SIBS-UGENT-SJTU Joint Laboratory of Mycotoxin Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Zheng Yan
- SIBS-UGENT-SJTU Joint Laboratory of Mycotoxin Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Dianzhen Yu
- SIBS-UGENT-SJTU Joint Laboratory of Mycotoxin Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Lan Wang
- SIBS-UGENT-SJTU Joint Laboratory of Mycotoxin Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Kunbo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China
| | - Xinlin Wei
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Minhang, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Aibo Wu
- SIBS-UGENT-SJTU Joint Laboratory of Mycotoxin Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
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Use of Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged & Safe (QuEChERS) and molecular imprinted polymer followed by gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry for the quantitative analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH4) in complex health supplements. J Food Compost Anal 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2020.103588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Zhou DB, Han F, Ding L, Song W, Lv YN, Hu YY, Liu YX, Sheng X, Zheng P. Magnetic C 60 nanospheres based solid-phase extraction coupled with isotope dilution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method for the determination of sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Chinese herbal medicines. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1144:122076. [PMID: 32222675 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
C60-based magnetic nanospheres were synthesized by coating Fe3O4 nanospheres with silica, then modifying with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane as a linker and a C60 fullerene stationary phase. The morphologies, magnetic properties, infrared absorption and carbon content of magnetic nanospheres were studied by TEM, VSM, FTIR and carbon and sulfur analyzer. The magnetic nanospheres were employed for the magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in nine Chinese herbal medicines. The analyses were conducted by isotope dilution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The main parameters influencing the extraction, including extraction solvent, adsorbent amount, and extraction time were optimized. Method validation showed that the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.02-0.11 µg/kg, and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.07-0.36 µg/kg. The spiked recoveries rates for 16 PAHs in white peony root were 84.7-107.2%. The relative standard deviation (RSD) was 1.7-8.4%. The established method was further used for the determination 16 PAHs in nine Chinese herbal medicines. Total content of 16 PAHs varied from 73.6 µg/kg (fructus lycii) to 2172.6 µg/kg (astragalus root). The results indicate that the pollution of PAHs in Chinese herbal medicines is serious. The established method can effective detect PAHs contamination in Chinese herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian-Bing Zhou
- Technology Center of Hefei Customs, and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China.
| | - Fang Han
- Technology Center of Hefei Customs, and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China
| | - Lei Ding
- Technology Center of Hefei Customs, and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China
| | - Wei Song
- Technology Center of Hefei Customs, and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China
| | - Ya-Ning Lv
- Technology Center of Hefei Customs, and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China
| | - Yan-Yun Hu
- Instruments' Center for Physical Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China; School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, PR China
| | - Yu-Xin Liu
- Technology Center of Hefei Customs, and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China
| | - Xuan Sheng
- Technology Center of Hefei Customs, and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Technology Center of Hefei Customs, and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China
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12
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Recent advances of modern sample preparation techniques for traditional Chinese medicines. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1606:460377. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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13
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Ye X, Wang Y, Zhao J, Wang M, Avula B, Peng Q, Ouyang H, Lingyun Z, Zhang J, Khan IA. Identification and Characterization of Key Chemical Constituents in Processed Gastrodia elata Using UHPLC-MS/MS and Chemometric Methods. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2019; 2019:4396201. [PMID: 31772815 PMCID: PMC6854243 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4396201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Gastrodia elata Blume belongs to the Orchidaceae family. G. elata is often processed when used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). In the current study, a traditional processing method, known as "Jianchang Bang," was applied. Steamed and dried (S&D) G. elata was processed with ginger juice for up to 5 days (GEP5D). An UHPLC-MS/MS combined with a chemometric method was developed for the analysis of processed G. elata along with the raw material as well as steamed and dried G. elata. As a result, the primary marker compounds were identified with the aid of TOF-MS and MS/MS analyses. Compared with the raw material of G. elata with GEP5D, three new parishin-type compounds were identified according to their retention time, accurate mass, and fragmentation patterns. The chromatographic peak areas for marker compounds, including S-(gastrodin)-glutathione, S-(4-hydroxybenzylamine)-glutathione, and parishin-type compounds, changed significantly. This result indicated that by applying the "Jianchang Bang" method, changes in chemical composition in G. elata contents were observed. The study also demonstrated that chemometric analysis is helpful in understanding the processing mechanism and will provide scientific support for the clinical application of G. elata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xide Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 344000, China
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Jackson, MS 38677, USA
| | - Yanhong Wang
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Jackson, MS 38677, USA
| | - Jianping Zhao
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Jackson, MS 38677, USA
| | - Mei Wang
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Jackson, MS 38677, USA
| | - Bharathi Avula
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Jackson, MS 38677, USA
| | - Qiaozhen Peng
- School of Computer Information Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330063, China
| | - Hui Ouyang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 344000, China
| | - Zhong Lingyun
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 344000, China
| | - Jinlian Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 344000, China
| | - Ikhlas A. Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Jackson, MS 38677, USA
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Jackson, MS 38677, USA
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Cha E, Jeong ES, Han SB, Cha S, Son J, Kim S, Oh HB, Lee J. Ionization of Gas-Phase Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Electrospray Ionization Coupled with Gas Chromatography. Anal Chem 2018; 90:4203-4211. [PMID: 29461802 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Herein, gas-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as nonpolar compounds were ionized to protonated molecular ions [M + H]+ without radical cations and simultaneously analyzed using gas chromatography (GC)/electrospray ionization (ESI)-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). The ionization profile, dissociation, and sensitivity were first investigated to understand the significant behavior of gas-phase PAHs under ESI. The formation of protonated molecular ions of PAHs was distinguished according to the analyte phase and ESI spray solvents. The protonated PAHs exhibited characteristic dissociations, such as H-loss, H2-loss, and acetylene-loss, via competition of internal energy. In addition, GC/ESI-MS/MS resulted in relatively lower concentration levels (better sensitivity) for the limits-of-detection (LODs) of PAHs than liquid chromatography (LC)/ESI-MS/MS, and it seems to result from the characteristic ionization mechanism of the gas-phase analyte under ESI. Furthermore, the LODs of gas-phase PAHs depended on molecular weight and proton affinity (PA). Consequently, we demonstrated the relationship among the analyte phases, sensitivities, and structural characteristics (molecular weight and PA) under ESI. The gas-phase PAHs provided enhanced protonation efficiency and sensitivity using GC/ESI-MS/MS, as their molecular weight and PA increased. Based on these results, we offered important information regarding the behavior of gas-phase analytes under ESI. Therefore, the present GC/ESI-MS/MS method has potential as an alternative method for simultaneous analysis of PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunju Cha
- Doping Control Center , Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5 , Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792 , Korea
| | - Eun Sook Jeong
- Doping Control Center , Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5 , Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792 , Korea
| | - Sang Beom Han
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy , Chung-Ang University , 84 Heukseok-ro , Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974 , Korea
| | - Sangwon Cha
- Department of Chemistry , Hankuk University of Foreign Studies , 81 Oedae-ro , Mohyeon-myeon, Cheoin-gu, Yongin-si , Gyeongi-do 17035 , Korea
| | - Junghyun Son
- Doping Control Center , Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5 , Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792 , Korea
| | - Sunghwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry , Kyungpook National University , 80 Daehakro , Buk-gu, Daegu 41566 , Korea
| | - Han Bin Oh
- Department of Chemistry , Sogang University , 35 Baekbeom-ro , Mapo-gu, Seoul 04107 , Korea
| | - Jaeick Lee
- Doping Control Center , Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5 , Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792 , Korea
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15
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Wang J, Liao X, Zheng P, Xue S, Peng R. Classification of Chinese Herbal Medicine by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy with Principal Component Analysis and Artificial Neural Network. ANAL LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2017.1340949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinmei Wang
- Chongqing Municipal Level Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Information Sensing and Transmitting Technology, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiangyu Liao
- Chongqing Municipal Level Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Information Sensing and Transmitting Technology, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
| | - Peichao Zheng
- Chongqing Municipal Level Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Information Sensing and Transmitting Technology, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuwen Xue
- Chongqing Municipal Level Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Information Sensing and Transmitting Technology, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Peng
- Chongqing Academy of Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
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16
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Ng NT, Sanagi MM, Wan Ibrahim WN, Wan Ibrahim WA. Agarose-chitosan-C18 film micro-solid phase extraction combined with high performance liquid chromatography for the determination of phenanthrene and pyrene in chrysanthemum tea samples. Food Chem 2017; 222:28-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.11.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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17
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Yu B, Zhang D, Tan LH, Zhao SP, Wang JW, Yao L, Cao WG. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in traditional Chinese medicines: an analytical method based on different medicinal parts, levels, distribution, and sources. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra24682f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Analytical method of PAHs in TCMs based on different medicinal parts, levels, distribution, and sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Yu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Chongqing Medical University
- Chongqing
- China
| | - Dan Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Chongqing Medical University
- Chongqing
- China
| | - Li-Hong Tan
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College
- Chongqing
- China
| | - Sheng-Ping Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Chongqing Medical University
- Chongqing
- China
| | - Jian-Wei Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Chongqing Medical University
- Chongqing
- China
| | - Ling Yao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Chongqing Medical University
- Chongqing
- China
| | - Wei-Guo Cao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Chongqing Medical University
- Chongqing
- China
- The Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine
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18
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Rapid authentication of Gastrodiae rhizoma by direct ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 938:90-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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