1
|
Deolindo CTP, Kleemann CR, Bosch-Orea C, Molognoni L, Daguer H, Hoff RB, Costa ACO. Sample pooling and incurred samples improve analytical throughput and quality control of lipophilic phycotoxins screening in bivalve mollusks. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:5023-5034. [PMID: 37349647 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04788-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Lipophilic marine biotoxins (LMBs) are one of the main risks associated with the consumption of mussels and oysters. Sanitary and analytical control programs are developed to detect the occurrence of these toxins in seafood before they reach toxic levels. To ensure quick results, methods must be easy and fast to perform. In this work, we demonstrated that incurred samples were a viable alternative to validation and internal quality control studies for the analysis of LMBs in bivalve mollusks. These samples were used to optimize, validate, and monitor a simple and fast ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) procedure. An internal quality control material containing okadaic acid (227 ± 46 µg kg-1) was produced and characterized. This material had its homogeneity and stability verified and was included as a quality control in all batches of analytical routine. Besides, a sample pooling protocol for extracts analysis was developed, based on tests for COVID-19. Up to 10 samples could be analyzed simultaneously, reducing the instrumental time of analysis by up to 80%. The UAE and sample pooling approaches were then applied to more than 450 samples, of which at least 100 were positive for the okadaic acid group of toxins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Turnes Pasini Deolindo
- Ministério da Agricultura e Pecuária, Laboratório Federal de Defesa Agropecuária, Setor Laboratorial Avançada em Santa Catarina (SLAV/SC/LFDA/RS), São José, SC, 88102-600, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, 88034-100, Brazil
- Instituto Catarinense de Sanidade Agropecuária (ICASA), Florianópolis, SC, 88034-100, Brazil
| | - Cristian Rafael Kleemann
- Ministério da Agricultura e Pecuária, Laboratório Federal de Defesa Agropecuária, Setor Laboratorial Avançada em Santa Catarina (SLAV/SC/LFDA/RS), São José, SC, 88102-600, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, 88034-100, Brazil
- Instituto Catarinense de Sanidade Agropecuária (ICASA), Florianópolis, SC, 88034-100, Brazil
| | - Cristina Bosch-Orea
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC), 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luciano Molognoni
- Ministério da Agricultura e Pecuária, Laboratório Federal de Defesa Agropecuária, Setor Laboratorial Avançada em Santa Catarina (SLAV/SC/LFDA/RS), São José, SC, 88102-600, Brazil
- Instituto Catarinense de Sanidade Agropecuária (ICASA), Florianópolis, SC, 88034-100, Brazil
| | - Heitor Daguer
- Ministério da Agricultura e Pecuária, Laboratório Federal de Defesa Agropecuária, Setor Laboratorial Avançada em Santa Catarina (SLAV/SC/LFDA/RS), São José, SC, 88102-600, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Barcellos Hoff
- Ministério da Agricultura e Pecuária, Laboratório Federal de Defesa Agropecuária, Setor Laboratorial Avançada em Santa Catarina (SLAV/SC/LFDA/RS), São José, SC, 88102-600, Brazil.
| | - Ana Carolina Oliveira Costa
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, 88034-100, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Panda D, Dash BP, Manickam S, Boczkaj G. Recent advancements in LC-MS based analysis of biotoxins: Present and future challenges. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2022; 41:766-803. [PMID: 33624883 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
There has been a rising concern regarding the harmful impact of biotoxins, source of origin, and the determination of the specific type of toxin. With numerous reports on their extensive spread, biotoxins pose a critical challenge to figure out their parent groups, metabolites, and concentration. In that aspect, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) based analysis paves the way for its accurate identification and quantification. The biotoxins are ideally categorized as phytotoxins, mycotoxins, shellfish-toxins, ciguatoxins, cyanotoxins, and bacterial toxins such as tetrodotoxins. Considering the diverse nature of biotoxins, both low-resolution mass spectrometry (LRMS) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) methods have been implemented for their detection. The sample preparation strategy for complex matrix usually includes "QuEChERS" extraction or solid-phase extraction coupled with homogenization and centrifugation. For targeted analysis of biotoxins, the LRMS consisting of a tandem mass spectrometer operating in multiple reaction monitoring mode has been widely implemented. With the help of the reference standard, most of the toxins were accurately quantified. At the same time, the suspect screening and nontarget screening approach are facilitated by the HRMS platforms during the absence of reference standards. Significant progress has also been made in sampling device employment, utilizing novel sample preparation strategies, synthesizing toxin standards, employing hybrid MS platforms, and the associated data interpretation. This critical review attempts to elucidate the progress in LC-MS based analysis in the determination of biotoxins while pointing out major challenges and suggestions for future development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Panda
- Center of Excellence (CoE), Fakir Mohan University, Nuapadhi, Odisha, India
| | - Bisnu P Dash
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fakir Mohan University, Nuapadhi, Odisha, India
| | - Sivakumar Manickam
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Grzegorz Boczkaj
- Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Purves RW, Souster K, West M, Huda AM, Fisher CME, Belford MW, Shurmer BO. Improved Thyreostatic Drug Detection in Animal Tissues Using Liquid Chromatography-High-Field Asymmetric Waveform Ion Mobility Spectrometry-Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:4785-4791. [PMID: 35060701 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c06937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Thyreostatic drugs (thyreostats) interfere with thyroid function and have been used illegally in animals slaughtered for food. Thyreostat use leads to poorer quality meat, and the drug residues can cause adverse effects in humans. These drugs, with the exception of thiouracil, do not occur naturally and require sensitive methodologies for their detection in animal tissues. Because thyreostats are low-molecular-weight polar analytes, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is typically used for detection and, in particular, triple quadrupole mass spectrometry with selective reaction monitoring (i.e., LC-SRM). However, LC-SRM thyreostat methods suffer from chemical background noise and endogenous interferences arising from the complex tissue matrix. An improved high-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry interface (FAIMS Pro), which separates ions based on differential ion mobility, was combined with LC-SRM to minimize these interferences. Using the same samples and conditions, LC-FAIMS-SRM showed improvements in the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of up to 50 times compared with our validated LC-SRM method. In addition, wider linear ranges, including substantial improvements in the lower limit of quantification (approximately an order of magnitude for tapazole and methylthiouracil), were observed with LC-FAIMS-SRM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Randy W Purves
- Centre for Veterinary Drug Residues, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 2R3, Canada
| | - Kim Souster
- Centre for Veterinary Drug Residues, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 2R3, Canada
| | - Michelle West
- Centre for Veterinary Drug Residues, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 2R3, Canada
| | - Azhar M Huda
- Centre for Veterinary Drug Residues, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 2R3, Canada
| | - Caleb M E Fisher
- Centre for Veterinary Drug Residues, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 2R3, Canada
| | - Michael W Belford
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, 355 River Oaks Parkway, San Jose, California 95134, United States
| | - Bryn O Shurmer
- Centre for Veterinary Drug Residues, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 2R3, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Simultaneous determination of ten paralytic shellfish toxins and tetrodotoxin in scallop and short-necked clam by ion-pair solid-phase extraction and hydrophilic interaction chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1651:462328. [PMID: 34153733 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Paralytic shellfish toxins and tetrodotoxin (puffer-fish toxin), the latter of which was recently found in bivalves from Europe, Japan, and New Zealand, are potent neurotoxins. A simple and effective clean-up procedure was developed for the simultaneous determination of ten paralytic shellfish toxins (gonyautoxins 1-6, decarbamoylgonyautoxins 2 and 3, and N-sulfocarbamoylgonyautoxins 2 and 3) and tetrodotoxin in the scallop, Mizuhopecten (Patinopecten) yessoensis, and the short-necked clam, Ruditapes philippinarum. To reduce matrix effects, 1% aqueous acetic acid extracts of the bivalves were cleaned up by ion-pair solid-phase extraction using a graphite carbon cartridge with tridecafluoroheptanoic acid as the volatile ion-pair reagent, followed by fourfold dilution. The ten paralytic shellfish toxins and tetrodotoxin were then separated on a hydrophilic interaction chromatography column and quantified by tandem mass spectrometry. The limits of detection and the limits of quantification for the ten PSTs ranged from 0.09 to 13.0 µg saxitoxin equivalents/kg and from 0.26 to 39.4 µg saxitoxin equivalents/kg, respectively. The limit of detection and the limit of quantification for tetrodotoxin ranged from 27.4 to 27.9 µg/kg and from 83.1 to 84.4 µg/kg, respectively. The proposed method yielded minimal matrix effects for the 11 analytes, thus allowing their quantification by simple external calibration. The proposed method also gave good mean recoveries of the 11 analytes ranging from 75.7 to 96.2% with relative standard deviations less than 16% at three fortification levels for the ten paralytic shellfish toxins (total concentrations of 277, 554, and 1107 µg saxitoxin equivalents/kg) and tetrodotoxin (100, 200, and 400 µg/kg) in the two bivalve samples. Finally, the proposed method was applied for the determination of the ten paralytic shellfish toxins and tetrodotoxin in scallop and short-necked clam samples.
Collapse
|
5
|
Alikord M, Mohammadi A, Kamankesh M, Shariatifar N. Food safety and quality assessment: comprehensive review and recent trends in the applications of ion mobility spectrometry (IMS). Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:4833-4866. [PMID: 33554631 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1879003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) is an analytical separation and diagnostic technique that is simple and sensitive and a rapid response and low-priced technique for detecting trace levels of chemical compounds in different matrices. Chemical agents and environmental contaminants are successfully detected by IMS and have been recently considered to employ in food safety. In addition, IMS uses stand-alone or coupled analytical diagnostic tools with chromatographic and spectroscopic methods. Scientific publications show that IMS has been applied 21% in the pharmaceutical industry, 9% in environmental studies and 13% in quality control and food safety. Nevertheless, applications of IMS in food safety and quality analysis have not been adequately explored. This review presents the IMS-related analysis and focuses on the application of IMS in food safety and quality. This review presents the important topics including detection of traces of chemicals, rate of food spoilage and freshness, food adulteration and authenticity as well as natural toxins, pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, veterinary, and growth promoter drug residues. Further, persistent organic pollutants (POPs), acrylamide, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), biogenic amines, nitrosamine, furfural, phenolic compounds, heavy metals, food packaging materials, melamine, and food additives were also examined for the first time. Therefore, it is logical to predict that the application of the IMS technique in food safety, food quality, and contaminant analysis will be impressively increased in the future. HighlightsCurrent status of IMS for residues and contaminant detection in food safety.To assess all the detected contaminants in food safety, for the first time.Identified IMS-related parameters and chemical compounds in food safety control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Alikord
- Department of Environmental Health, Food Safety Division, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdorreza Mohammadi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Kamankesh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Nabi Shariatifar
- Department of Environmental Health, Food Safety Division, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Halal Research Center of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Campbell JL, Kafle A, Bowman Z, Blanc JCYL, Liu C, Hopkins WS. Separating chiral isomers of amphetamine and methamphetamine using chemical derivatization and differential mobility spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ansa.202000066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Larry Campbell
- SCIEX Concord Ontario Canada
- Department of Chemistry University of Waterloo 200 University Avenue West Waterloo Ontario Canada
- Bedrock Scientific Milton Ontario Canada
- WaterMine Innovation, Inc. Waterloo Ontario Canada
| | | | - Zack Bowman
- Department of Chemistry University of Waterloo 200 University Avenue West Waterloo Ontario Canada
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology University of 200 University Avenue West Waterloo Ontario Canada
| | | | | | - W. Scott Hopkins
- Department of Chemistry University of Waterloo 200 University Avenue West Waterloo Ontario Canada
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology University of 200 University Avenue West Waterloo Ontario Canada
- WaterMine Innovation, Inc. Waterloo Ontario Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lam KHB, Le Blanc JCY, Campbell JL. Separating Isomers, Conformers, and Analogues of Cyclosporin using Differential Mobility Spectroscopy, Mass Spectrometry, and Hydrogen–Deuterium Exchange. Anal Chem 2020; 92:11053-11061. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. H. Brian Lam
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | | | - J. Larry Campbell
- SCIEX, 71 Four Valley Drive, Concord, Ontario L4K 4 V8, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fundamentals and applications of incorporating chromatographic separations with ion mobility-mass spectrometry. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.115625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
9
|
Hernández-Mesa M, Ropartz D, García-Campaña AM, Rogniaux H, Dervilly-Pinel G, Le Bizec B. Ion Mobility Spectrometry in Food Analysis: Principles, Current Applications and Future Trends. Molecules 2019; 24:E2706. [PMID: 31349571 PMCID: PMC6696101 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) has reemerged as an analytical separation technique, especially due to the commercialization of ion mobility mass spectrometers. Its applicability has been extended beyond classical applications such as the determination of chemical warfare agents and nowadays it is widely used for the characterization of biomolecules (e.g., proteins, glycans, lipids, etc.) and, more recently, of small molecules (e.g., metabolites, xenobiotics, etc.). Following this trend, the interest in this technique is growing among researchers from different fields including food science. Several advantages are attributed to IMS when integrated in traditional liquid chromatography (LC) and gas chromatography (GC) mass spectrometry (MS) workflows: (1) it improves method selectivity by providing an additional separation dimension that allows the separation of isobaric and isomeric compounds; (2) it increases method sensitivity by isolating the compounds of interest from background noise; (3) and it provides complementary information to mass spectra and retention time, the so-called collision cross section (CCS), so compounds can be identified with more confidence, either in targeted or non-targeted approaches. In this context, the number of applications focused on food analysis has increased exponentially in the last few years. This review provides an overview of the current status of IMS technology and its applicability in different areas of food analysis (i.e., food composition, process control, authentication, adulteration and safety).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maykel Hernández-Mesa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain.
- INRA, UR1268 Biopolymers Interactions Assemblies, F-44316 Nantes, France.
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), Oniris, INRA UMR 1329, Route de Gachet-CS 50707, F-44307 Nantes CEDEX 3, France.
| | - David Ropartz
- INRA, UR1268 Biopolymers Interactions Assemblies, F-44316 Nantes, France
| | - Ana M García-Campaña
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Hélène Rogniaux
- INRA, UR1268 Biopolymers Interactions Assemblies, F-44316 Nantes, France
| | - Gaud Dervilly-Pinel
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), Oniris, INRA UMR 1329, Route de Gachet-CS 50707, F-44307 Nantes CEDEX 3, France
| | - Bruno Le Bizec
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), Oniris, INRA UMR 1329, Route de Gachet-CS 50707, F-44307 Nantes CEDEX 3, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Piendl SK, Raddatz CR, Hartner NT, Thoben C, Warias R, Zimmermann S, Belder D. 2D in Seconds: Coupling of Chip-HPLC with Ion Mobility Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2019; 91:7613-7620. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian K. Piendl
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian-Robert Raddatz
- Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Electrical Engineering and Measurement Technology, Department of Sensors and Measurement Technology, Appelstrasse 9A, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Nora T. Hartner
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Thoben
- Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Electrical Engineering and Measurement Technology, Department of Sensors and Measurement Technology, Appelstrasse 9A, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Rico Warias
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Zimmermann
- Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Electrical Engineering and Measurement Technology, Department of Sensors and Measurement Technology, Appelstrasse 9A, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Detlev Belder
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Turner AD, Hatfield RG, Maskrey BH, Algoet M, Lawrence JF. Evaluation of the new European Union reference method for paralytic shellfish toxins in shellfish: A review of twelve years regulatory monitoring using pre-column oxidation LC-FLD. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
12
|
Xu H, Boucher FR, Nguyen TT, Taylor GP, Tomlinson JJ, Ortega RA, Simons B, Schlossmacher MG, Saunders-Pullman R, Shaw W, Bennett SAL. DMS as an orthogonal separation to LC/ESI/MS/MS for quantifying isomeric cerebrosides in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid. J Lipid Res 2018; 60:200-211. [PMID: 30413651 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d089797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebrosides, including glucosylceramides (GlcCers) and galactosylceramides (GalCers), are important membrane components of animal cells with deficiencies resulting in devastating lysosomal storage disorders. Their quantification is essential for disease diagnosis and a better understanding of disease mechanisms. The simultaneous quantification of GlcCer and GalCer isomers is, however, particularly challenging due to their virtually identical structures. To address this challenge, we developed a new LC/MS-based method using differential ion mobility spectrometry (DMS) capable of rapidly and reproducibly separating and quantifying isomeric cerebrosides in a single run. We show that this LC/ESI/DMS/MS/MS method exhibits robust quantitative performance within an analyte concentration range of 2.8-355 nM. We further report the simultaneous quantification of nine GlcCers (16:0, 18:0, 20:0, 22:0, 23:0, 24:1, 24:0, 25:0, and 26:0) and five GalCers (16:0, 22:0, 23:0, 24:1, and 24:0) molecular species in human plasma, as well as six GalCers (18:0, 22:0, 23:0, 24:1, 24:0 and 25:0) and two GlcCers (24:1 and 24:0) in human cerebrospinal fluid. Our method expands the potential of DMS technology in the field of glycosphingolipid analysis for both biomarker discovery and drug screening by enabling the unambiguous assignment and quantification of cerebroside lipid species in biological samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Xu
- Neural Regeneration Laboratory and India Taylor Lipidomics Research Platform, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada .,Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Thao T Nguyen
- Neural Regeneration Laboratory and India Taylor Lipidomics Research Platform, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Graeme P Taylor
- Neural Regeneration Laboratory and India Taylor Lipidomics Research Platform, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julianna J Tomlinson
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Neuroscience Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Michael G Schlossmacher
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Neuroscience Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rachel Saunders-Pullman
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY.,Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Walt Shaw
- Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc., Alabaster, AL
| | - Steffany A L Bennett
- Neural Regeneration Laboratory and India Taylor Lipidomics Research Platform, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada .,Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Neuroscience Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Vera NB, Chen Z, Pannkuk E, Laiakis EC, Fornace AJ, Erion DM, Coy SL, Pfefferkorn JA, Vouros P. Differential mobility spectrometry (DMS) reveals the elevation of urinary acetylcarnitine in non-human primates (NHPs) exposed to radiation. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2018; 53:548-559. [PMID: 29596720 PMCID: PMC6030448 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Acetylcarnitine has been identified as one of several urinary biomarkers indicative of radiation exposure in adult rhesus macaque monkeys (non-human primates, NHPs). Previous work has demonstrated an up-regulated dose-response profile in a balanced male/female NHP cohort. As a contribution toward the development of metabolomics-based radiation biodosimetry in human populations and other applications of acetylcarnitine screening, we have developed a quantitative, high-throughput method for the analysis of acetylcarnitine. We employed the Sciex SelexIon DMS-MS/MS QTRAP 5500 platform coupled to flow injection analysis (FIA), thereby allowing for fast analysis times of less than 0.5 minutes per injection with no chromatographic separation. Ethyl acetate is used as a DMS modifier to reduce matrix chemical background. We have measured NHP urinary acetylcarnitine from the male cohorts that were exposed to the following radiation levels: control, 2, 4, 6, 7, and 10 Gy. Biological variability, along with calibration accuracy of the FIA-DMS-MS/MS method, indicates LOQ of 20 μM, with observed biological levels on the order of 600 μM and control levels near 10 μM. There is an apparent onset of intensified response in the transition from 6 to 10 Gy. The results demonstrate that FIA-DMS-MS/MS is a rapid, quantitative technique that can be utilized for the analysis of urinary biomarker levels for radiation biodosimetry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas B Vera
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Cambridge Laboratories, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Zhidan Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Evan Pannkuk
- Georgetown University, 3700 O Street NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | | | - Albert J Fornace
- Georgetown University, 3700 O Street NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Derek M Erion
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Cambridge Laboratories, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Stephen L Coy
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Pfefferkorn
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Cambridge Laboratories, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Paul Vouros
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Beach DG, Kerrin ES, Giddings SD, Quilliam MA, McCarron P. Differential Mobility-Mass Spectrometry Double Spike Isotope Dilution Study of Release of β-Methylaminoalanine and Proteinogenic Amino Acids during Biological Sample Hydrolysis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:117. [PMID: 29311581 PMCID: PMC5758758 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18392-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-protein amino acid β-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) has been linked to neurodegenerative disease and reported throughout the environment. Proposed mechanisms of bioaccumulation, trophic transfer and chronic toxicity of BMAA rely on the hypothesis of protein misincorporation. Poorly selective methods for BMAA analysis have led to controversy. Here, a recently reported highly selective method for BMAA quantitation using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-differential mobility spectrometry-tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC-DMS-MS/MS) is expanded to include proteinogenic amino acids from hydrolyzed biological samples. For BMAA quantitation, we present a double spiking isotope dilution approach using D3-BMAA and 13C15N2-BMAA. These methods were applied to study release of BMAA during acid hydrolysis under a variety of conditions, revealing that the majority of BMAA can be extracted along with only a small proportion of protein. A time course hydrolysis of BMAA from mussel tissue was carried out to assess the recovery of BMAA during sample preparation. The majority of BMAA measured by typical methods was released before a significant proportion of protein was hydrolyzed. Little change was observed in protein hydrolysis beyond typical hydrolysis times but the concentration of BMAA increased linearly. These findings demonstrate protein misincorporation is not the predominant form of BMAA in cycad and shellfish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Beach
- Measurement Science and Standards, National Research Council Canada, 1411 Oxford St., Halifax, NS, B3H 3Z1, Canada.
| | - Elliott S Kerrin
- Measurement Science and Standards, National Research Council Canada, 1411 Oxford St., Halifax, NS, B3H 3Z1, Canada
| | - Sabrina D Giddings
- Measurement Science and Standards, National Research Council Canada, 1411 Oxford St., Halifax, NS, B3H 3Z1, Canada
| | - Michael A Quilliam
- Measurement Science and Standards, National Research Council Canada, 1411 Oxford St., Halifax, NS, B3H 3Z1, Canada
| | - Pearse McCarron
- Measurement Science and Standards, National Research Council Canada, 1411 Oxford St., Halifax, NS, B3H 3Z1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
|
16
|
Current applications and perspectives of ion mobility spectrometry to answer chemical food safety issues. Trends Analyt Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
17
|
Beach DG. Differential Mobility Spectrometry for Improved Selectivity in Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 28:1518-1530. [PMID: 28374313 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-017-1651-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) are neurotoxins produced by dinoflagellates and cyanobacteria that cause paralytic shellfish poisoning in humans. PST quantitation by LC-MS is challenging because of their high polarity, lability as gas-phase ions, and large number of potentially interfering analogues. Differential mobility spectrometry (DMS) has the potential to improve the performance of LC-MS methods for PSTs in terms of selectivity and limits of detection. This work describes a comprehensive investigation of the separation of 16 regulated PSTs by DMS and the development of highly selective LC-DMS-MS methods for PST quantitation. The effects of all DMS parameters on the separation of PSTs from one another were first investigated in detail. The labile nature of 11α-gonyautoxin epimers gave unique insight into fragmentation of labile analytes before, during, and after the DMS analyzer. Two sets of DMS parameters were identified that either optimized the resolution of PSTs from one another or transmitted them at a limited number of compensation voltage (CV) values corresponding to structural subclasses. These were used to develop multidimensional LC-DMS-MS/MS methods using existing HILIC-MS/MS parameters. In both cases, improved selectivity was observed when using DMS, and the quantitative capabilities of a rapid UPLC-DMS-MS/MS method were evaluated. Limits of detection of the developed method were similar to those without DMS, and differences were highly analyte-dependant. Analysis of shellfish matrix reference materials showed good agreement with established methods. The developed methods will be useful in cases where specific matrix interferences are encountered in the LC-MS/MS analysis of PSTs in complex biological samples. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Beach
- Measurement Science and Standards, National Research Council Canada, Halifax, NS, B3H 3Z1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Thomas KM, Beach DG, Reeves KL, Gibbs RS, Kerrin ES, McCarron P, Quilliam MA. Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for quantitation of paralytic shellfish toxins: validation and application to reference materials. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:5675-5687. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0507-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
19
|
Righetti L, Paglia G, Galaverna G, Dall'Asta C. Recent Advances and Future Challenges in Modified Mycotoxin Analysis: Why HRMS Has Become a Key Instrument in Food Contaminant Research. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:E361. [PMID: 27918432 PMCID: PMC5198555 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8120361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by pathogenic fungi in crops worldwide. These compounds can undergo modification in plants, leading to the formation of a large number of possible modified forms, whose toxicological relevance and occurrence in food and feed is still largely unexplored. The analysis of modified mycotoxins by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry remains a challenge because of their chemical diversity, the large number of isomeric forms, and the lack of analytical standards. Here, the potential benefits of high-resolution and ion mobility mass spectrometry as a tool for separation and structure confirmation of modified mycotoxins have been investigated/reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Righetti
- Department of Food Science, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 95/A, Parma 43124, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Paglia
- Center of Biomedicine, European Academy of Bolzano/Bozen, Via Galvani 31, Bolzano 39100, Italy.
| | - Gianni Galaverna
- Department of Food Science, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 95/A, Parma 43124, Italy.
| | - Chiara Dall'Asta
- Department of Food Science, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 95/A, Parma 43124, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Willems JL, Khamis MM, Mohammed Saeid W, Purves RW, Katselis G, Low NH, El-Aneed A. Analysis of a series of chlorogenic acid isomers using differential ion mobility and tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 933:164-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
21
|
Regueiro J, Giri A, Wenzl T. Optimization of a Differential Ion Mobility Spectrometry–Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for High-Throughput Analysis of Nicotine and Related Compounds: Application to Electronic Cigarette Refill Liquids. Anal Chem 2016; 88:6500-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b01241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Regueiro
- European
Commission, Directorate General Joint Research Centre, Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements, Retieseweg 111, B-2440 Geel, Belgium
| | - Anupam Giri
- European
Commission, Directorate General Joint Research Centre, Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements, Retieseweg 111, B-2440 Geel, Belgium
| | - Thomas Wenzl
- European
Commission, Directorate General Joint Research Centre, Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements, Retieseweg 111, B-2440 Geel, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Fernández-Maestre R, Meza-Morelos D, Wu C. Shift reagents in ion mobility spectrometry: the effect of the number of interaction sites, size and interaction energies on the mobilities of valinol and ethanolamine. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2016; 51:378-383. [PMID: 27194523 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Overlapping peaks interfere in ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), but they are separated introducing mobility shift reagents (SR) in the buffer gas forming adducts with different collision cross-sections (size). IMS separations using SR depend on the ion mobility shifts which are governed by adduct's size and interaction energies (stabilities). Mobility shifts of valinol and ethanolamine ions were measured by electrospray-ionization ion mobility-mass spectrometry (MS). Methyl-chloro propionate (M) was used as SR; 2-butanol (B) and nitrobenzene (N) were used for comparison. Density functional theory was used for calculations. B produced the smallest mobility shifts because of its small size. M and N have two strong interaction sites (oxygen atoms) and similar molecular mass, and they should produce similar shifts. For both ethanolamine and valinol ions, stabilities were larger for N adducts than those of M. With ethanolamine, M produced a 68% shift, large compared to that using N, 61%, because M has a third weak interaction site on the chlorine atom and, therefore, M has more interaction possibilities than N. This third site overrode the oxygen atoms' interaction energy that favored the adduction of ethanolamine with N over that with M. On the contrary, with valinol mobility shifts were larger with N than with M (21 vs 18%) because interaction energy favored even more adduction of valinol with N than with M; that is, the interaction energy difference between adducts of valinol with M and N was larger than that between those adducts with ethanolamine, and the third M interaction could not override this larger difference. Mobility shifts were explained based on the number of SR's interaction sites, size of ions and SR, and SR-ion interaction energies. This is the first time that the number of interaction sites is used to explain mobility shifts in SR-assisted IMS. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dairo Meza-Morelos
- Universidad de Cartagena, Campus de San Pablo, Programa de Quimica, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Ching Wu
- Excellims Corporation, 20 Main Street, Acton, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Beach DG, Kerrin ES, Quilliam MA. Selective quantitation of the neurotoxin BMAA by use of hydrophilic-interaction liquid chromatography-differential mobility spectrometry-tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC-DMS-MS/MS). Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:8397-409. [PMID: 26396078 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-9012-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The neurotoxin β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) has been reported in cyanobacteria and shellfish, raising concerns about widespread human exposure. However, inconsistent results for BMAA analysis have led to controversy. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is the most appropriate method for analysis of BMAA, but the risk of interference from isomers, other sample components, and the electrospray background is still present. We have investigated differential mobility spectrometry (DMS) as an ion filter to improve selectivity in the hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatographic (HILIC)-MS/MS determination of BMAA. We obtained standards for two BMAA isomers not previously analyzed by HILIC-MS, β-amino-N-methylalanine and 3,4-diaminobutanoic acid, and the typically used 2,4-diaminobutanoic acid and N-(2-aminoethyl)glycine. DMS separation of BMAA from these isomers was achieved and optimized conditions were used to develop a sensitive and highly selective multidimensional HILIC-DMS-MS/MS method. This work revealed current technical limitations of DMS for trace quantitation, and practical solutions were implemented. Accurate control of low levels of DMS carrier gas modifier was essential, but required external metering. The linearity of our optimized method was excellent from 0.01 to 6 μmol L(-1). The instrumental LOD was 0.4 pg BMAA injected on-column and the estimated method LOD was 20 ng g(-1) dry weight for BMAA in sample matrix. The method was used to analyze cycad plant tissue, a cyanobacterial reference material, and mussel tissues, by use of isotope-dilution quantitation with deuterated BMAA. This confirmed the presence of BMAA and several of its isomers in cycad and mussel tissues, including commercially available mussel tissue reference materials certified for other biotoxins. Graphical Abstract Differential Mobility Spectrometry is used to increases the selectivity of BMAA analysis by HILIC-MS/MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Beach
- Measurement Science and Standards, National Research Council Canada, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 3Z1, Canada.
| | - Elliott S Kerrin
- Measurement Science and Standards, National Research Council Canada, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 3Z1, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Michael A Quilliam
- Measurement Science and Standards, National Research Council Canada, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 3Z1, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lyczko J, Beach D, Gabryelski W. Detection, Identification, and Occurrence of Thiotetronic Acids in Drinking Water from Underground Sources by Electrospray Ionization-High Field Asymmetric Waveform Ion Mobility Spectrometry-Quadrupole Time-of-Flight-Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2015; 87:9884-91. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jadwiga Lyczko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Daniel Beach
- Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Wojciech Gabryelski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|