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Lakew A, Assefa T, Woldeyohannes M, Megersa N, Chandravanshi BS. Development and validation of liquid chromatography method for simultaneous determination of multiclass seven antibiotic residues in chicken tissues. BMC Chem 2022; 16:5. [PMID: 35189941 PMCID: PMC8862290 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-022-00797-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibiotics are routinely used on poultry for therapy and prevention of diseases and to enhance animal growth. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a sensitive and reliable liquid chromatography with UV detection (LC-UV) method for the simultaneous determination of seven multiclass antibiotic residues (amoxicillin, ampicillin, penicillin, sulfamethoxazole, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and erythromycin) in chicken tissues. METHODS The liquid chromatography method with UV detection was optimized for complete separation of the seven selected antibiotic compounds with reversed phase and isocratic elution using Hypersil BDS-C18 (3 µm, 100 mm × 4 mm) column. The mobile phase consisted a ratio of 0.05 M Na2HPO4, acetonitrile and methanol (70:10:20), at UV absorption wavelength of 230 nm. The column thermostat was set at 40 °C, the mobile phase flow rate was 1 mL min-1, and the injection volume was 20 μL. RESULTS All the seven standard compounds were eluted within 14 min. The results for: linearity, precision, sensitivity, accuracy, specificity, decision limit (CCα), detection capability (CCβ), suitability and method robustness were validated according to the criteria of Commission Decision 2002/657/EC guidelines. Calibration plot correlation coefficients ranged from 0.9983 to 0.9998 and the percent relative standard deviations for repeated analysis were below 5% indicating acceptable method precision. The limits of detection (LODs) and quantification (LOQs) ranged from 0.098-0.255 μg kg-1 to 0.297-0.574 μg kg-1, respectively. The accuracy study yielded recoveries in the ranges 98.1-107% for the pure compounds and 94.0-102% for the spiked drug free chicken tissue samples. CONCLUSIONS The method was found to be appropriate for simultaneous determination of five different classes of seven antibiotic residues in chicken tissues. Furthermore, this is the first instance for the simultaneous determination of seven multiclass, multi-residues analysis using LC-UV from chicken tissue samples. This is a cost-effective and alternative method with simple instrumentation approach for laboratories that lack highly specialized state-of-the-art instrumentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aynalem Lakew
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, P. O. Box 1242/5654, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Teshome Assefa
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, P. O. Box 1242/5654, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Negussie Megersa
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Bhagwan Singh Chandravanshi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Cappiello A, Termopoli V, Palma P, Famiglini G, Saeed M, Perry S, Navarro P. Liquid Chromatography-Electron Capture Negative Ionization-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Detection of Pesticides in a Commercial Formulation. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2022; 33:141-148. [PMID: 34898195 PMCID: PMC8739837 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.1c00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Negative chemical ionization (NCI) and electron-capture negative ionization (ECNI) are gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques that generate negative ions in the gas phase for compounds containing electronegative atoms or functional groups. In ECNI, gas-phase thermal electrons can be transferred to electrophilic substances to produce M-• ions and scarce fragmentation. As a result of the electrophilicity requirements, ECNI is characterized by high-specificity and low background noise, generally lower than EI, offering lower detection limits. The aim of this work is to explore the possibility of extending typical advantages of ECNI to liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The LC is combined with the novel liquid-EI (LEI) LC-EIMS interface, the eluent is vaporized and transferred inside a CI source, where it is mixed with methane as a buffer gas. As proof of concept, dicamba and tefluthrin, agrochemicals with herbicidal and insecticidal activity, respectively, were chosen as model compounds and detected together in a commercial formulation. The pesticides have different chemical properties, but both are suitable analytes for ECNI due to the presence of electronegative atoms in the molecules. The influence of the mobile phase and other LC- and MS-operative parameters were methodically evaluated. Part-per-trillion (ppt) detection limits were obtained. Ion abundances were found to be stable with quantitative linear detection, reliable, and reproducible, with no influence from coeluting interfering compounds from the sample matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achille Cappiello
- University
of Urbino, Department of Pure
and Applied Sciences, LC−MS Laboratory, Piazza Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino, Italy
- Department
of Chemistry, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, BC, Canada V9R 5S5
| | - Veronica Termopoli
- University
of Urbino, Department of Pure
and Applied Sciences, LC−MS Laboratory, Piazza Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Pierangela Palma
- University
of Urbino, Department of Pure
and Applied Sciences, LC−MS Laboratory, Piazza Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino, Italy
- Department
of Chemistry, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, BC, Canada V9R 5S5
| | - Giorgio Famiglini
- University
of Urbino, Department of Pure
and Applied Sciences, LC−MS Laboratory, Piazza Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Mansoor Saeed
- Jealott’s
Hill International Research Centre, Syngenta, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, U.K.
| | - Simon Perry
- Jealott’s
Hill International Research Centre, Syngenta, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, U.K.
| | - Pablo Navarro
- Jealott’s
Hill International Research Centre, Syngenta, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, U.K.
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Mazur DM, Detenchuk EA, Sosnova AA, Artaev VB, Lebedev AT. GC-HRMS with Complementary Ionization Techniques for Target and Non-target Screening for Chemical Exposure: Expanding the Insights of the Air Pollution Markers in Moscow Snow. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 761:144506. [PMID: 33360203 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Environmental exposure assessment is an important step in establishing a list of local priority pollutants and finding the sources of the threats for proposing appropriate protection measures. Exposome targeted and non-targeted analysis as well as suspect screening may be applied to reveal these pollutants. The non-targeted screening is a challenging task and requires the application of the most powerful analytical tools available, assuring wide analytical coverage, sensitivity, identification reliability, and quantitation. Moscow, Russia, is the largest and most rapidly growing European city. That rapid growth is causing changes in the environment which require periodic clarification of the real environmental situation regarding the presence of the classic pollutants and possible new contaminants. Gas chromatography - high resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-HR-TOFMS) with electron ionization (EI), positive chemical ionization (PCI), and electron capture negative ionization (ECNI) ion sources were used for the analysis of Moscow snow samples collected in the early spring of 2018 in nine different locations. Collection of snow samples represents an efficient approach for the estimation of long-term air pollution, due to accumulation and preservation of environmental contaminants by snow during winter period. The high separation power of GC, complementary ionization methods, high mass accuracy, and wide mass range of TOFMS allowed for the identification of several hundred organic compounds belonging to the various classes of pollutants, exposure to which could represent a danger to the health of the population. Although quantitative analysis was not a primary aim of the study, targeted analysis revealed that some priority pollutants exceeded the established safe levels. Thus, dibutylphthalate concentration was over 10-fold higher than its safe level (0.001 mg/L), while benz[a]pyrene concentration exceeded Russian maximal permissible concentration value of 5 ng/L in three samples. The large amount of information generated during the combination of targeted and non-targeted analysis and screening samples for suspects makes it feasible to apply the big data analysis to observe the trends and tendencies in the pollution exposome across the city.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Mazur
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Chemistry Department, Leninskie Gory 1/3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - E A Detenchuk
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Chemistry Department, Leninskie Gory 1/3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - A A Sosnova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Chemistry Department, Leninskie Gory 1/3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - V B Artaev
- LECO Corporation, 3000 Lakeview Avenue, St. Joseph, MI, USA.
| | - A T Lebedev
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Chemistry Department, Leninskie Gory 1/3, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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Gavage M, Delahaut P, Gillard N. Suitability of High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry for Routine Analysis of Small Molecules in Food, Feed and Water for Safety and Authenticity Purposes: A Review. Foods 2021; 10:601. [PMID: 33809149 PMCID: PMC7998992 DOI: 10.3390/foods10030601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last decade, food, feed and environmental analysis using high-resolution mass spectrometry became increasingly popular. Recent accessibility and technological improvements of this system make it a potential tool for routine laboratory work. However, this kind of instrument is still often considered a research tool. The wide range of potential contaminants and residues that must be monitored, including pesticides, veterinary drugs and natural toxins, is steadily increasing. Thanks to full-scan analysis and the theoretically unlimited number of compounds that can be screened in a single analysis, high-resolution mass spectrometry is particularly well-suited for food, feed and water analysis. This review aims, through a series of relevant selected studies and developed methods dedicated to the different classes of contaminants and residues, to demonstrate that high-resolution mass spectrometry can reach detection levels in compliance with current legislation and is a versatile and appropriate tool for routine testing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philippe Delahaut
- CER Groupe, Rue du Point du Jour 8, 6900 Marloie, Belgium; (M.G.); (N.G.)
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Tan P, Xu L, Wei XC, Huang HZ, Zhang DK, Zeng CJ, Geng FN, Bao XM, Hua H, Zhao JN. Rapid Screening and Quantitative Analysis of 74 Pesticide Residues in Herb by Retention Index Combined with GC-QQQ-MS/MS. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2021; 2021:8816854. [PMID: 33510929 PMCID: PMC7826212 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8816854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this research, a very practical QuEChERS-GC-MS/MS analytical approach for 74 pesticide residues in herb based on retention index was established. This novel analytical approach has two important technical advantages. One advantage is to quickly screen pesticide compounds in herbs without having to use a large number of pesticide standard substances at the beginning of the experiment. The other advantage is to assist in identifying the target pesticide compound accurately. A total of 74 kinds of pesticides were quickly prescreened in all chuanxiong rhizoma samples. The results showed that three kinds of pesticides were screened out in all the samples, including chlorpyrifos, fipronil, and procymidone, and the three pesticides were qualitatively and quantitatively determined. The RSD values for interday and intraday variation were acquired to evaluate the precision of the analytical approach, and the overall interday and intraday variations are not more than 1.97% and 3.82%, respectively. The variations of concentrations of the analyzed three pesticide compounds in sample CX16 are 0.74%-4.15%, indicating that the three pesticides in the sample solutions were stable in 48 h. The spiked recoveries of the three pesticides are 95.22%, 93.03%, and 94.31%, and the RSDs are less than ± 6.0%. The methodological verification results indicated the good reliability and accuracy of the new analytical method. This research work is a new application of retention index, and it will be a valuable tool to assist quickly and accurately in the qualitative and quantitative analysis of multipesticide residues in herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Tan
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- Sichuan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Li Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xi-Chuan Wei
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Hao-Zhou Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Ding-Kun Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Chen-Juan Zeng
- Sichuan Key Laboratory for Medicinal American Cockroach, Sichuan Good Doctor Panxi Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd., Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Fu-Neng Geng
- Sichuan Key Laboratory for Medicinal American Cockroach, Sichuan Good Doctor Panxi Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd., Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Bao
- Shimadzu Enterprise Management (China) Co.,Ltd., Chengdu 610023, China
| | - Hua Hua
- Sichuan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jun-Ning Zhao
- Sichuan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610041, China
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Hakme E, Herrmann SS, Poulsen ME. Processing factors of pesticide residues in biscuits and their relation to the physicochemical properties of pesticides. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2020; 37:1695-1706. [PMID: 32717171 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2020.1791975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Agricultural commodities are generally consumed as processed food. Therefore, it is indispensable to assess pesticide residues in processed products rather than only in the raw agricultural commodity, in order to approach a more realistic scenario of dietary exposure. Processing factors are important tools for dietary exposure risk assessments. In this study, processing factors for the baking process were derived for 41 pesticides in cereal bran-based biscuits. The raw materials used consisted of wheat, rye, oat, and barley grains with incurred pesticides, which originally was produced for test material for European Union Proficiency Tests. Information on physicochemical properties of pesticides was collected for understanding the fate of pesticides during the baking process. Average processing factors varied between 0.67 and 1.6. Most pesticide residues exhibited a reduction of pesticide residues of less than 24%, which correspond to a processing factor (PF) range between 1 and 0.76, showing resistance to the baking process. However, for polar compounds such as carbendazim and volatile compounds (chlorpyrifos-methyl, malathion, and pirimiphos-methyl) larger reduction rates were observed, up to 33% (PF: 0.67). In general, a prolonged baking time did not significantly affect the PF, because the main degradation process takes place within the first 6 min. However, this was not the case for the highly volatile compounds, highly polar compounds, and compounds of low degradation temperature. These latter were significantly reduced with prolonged baking time, resulting in a reduction rate of up to 95%, which means an almost complete elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Hakme
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark , Søborg, Denmark
| | - Susan S Herrmann
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark , Søborg, Denmark
| | - Mette E Poulsen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark , Søborg, Denmark
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Bai X, Maitusong J, Mahinur B, Aisa HA, Maiwulanjiang M. Qualitative analysis of Schizonepeta annua (Pall.) Schischk essential oil by gas chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2018; 24:454-462. [PMID: 30071758 DOI: 10.1177/1469066718791789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a method for the qualitative analysis of small molecular compounds in Schizonepeta annua (Pall.) Schischk essential oil was established based on gas chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. In addition to an automated search of the NIST library, the identification of oxygenated monoterpenes, phenolic esters, and phenolic compounds was achieved by two additional strategies. One strategy involved comparing the relative errors of accurate masses measured for ions in the experimental spectra with those calculated for fragments identified from the NIST database of candidate matches. The second strategy involved combination of the product ion scans and positive chemical ionisation spectra for structural elucidation. Overall, 95.45% of the total essential oil volatile chemical content of Schizonepeta annua (Pall.) Schischk was identified, with phenolic monoterpenes dominating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Bai
- 1 Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- 2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- 3 College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jumai Maitusong
- 1 Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- 2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- 3 College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, China
| | - Bakri Mahinur
- 1 Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Haji A Aisa
- 1 Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Maitinuer Maiwulanjiang
- 1 Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
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Špánik I, Machyňáková A. Recent applications of gas chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2017; 41:163-179. [PMID: 29111584 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201701016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gas chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical method that combines excellent separation power of gas chromatography with improved identification based on an accurate mass measurement. These features designate gas chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry as the first choice for identification and structure elucidation of unknown volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds. Gas chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry quantitative analyses was previously focused on the determination of dioxins and related compounds using magnetic sector type analyzers, a standing requirement of many international standards. The introduction of a quadrupole high-resolution time-of-flight mass analyzer broadened interest in this method and novel applications were developed, especially for multi-target screening purposes. This review is focused on the development and the most interesting applications of gas chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry towards analysis of environmental matrices, biological fluids, and food safety since 2010. The main attention is paid to various approaches and applications of gas chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry for non-target screening to identify contaminants and to characterize the chemical composition of environmental, food, and biological samples. The most interesting quantitative applications, where a significant contribution of gas chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry over the currently used methods is expected, will be discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Špánik
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Andrea Machyňáková
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Fontana A, Rodríguez I, Cela R. Accurate determination of 3-alkyl-2-methoxypyrazines in wines by gas chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry following solid-phase extraction and dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1515:30-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.07.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Elbashir AA, Aboul-Enein HY. Application of gas and liquid chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry in pesticides: Multiresidue analysis. Biomed Chromatogr 2017; 32. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hassan Y. Aboul-Enein
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division; National Research Centre; Cairo Egypt
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Besil N, Cesio V, Heinzen H, Fernandez-Alba AR. Matrix Effects and Interferences of Different Citrus Fruit Coextractives in Pesticide Residue Analysis Using Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:4819-4829. [PMID: 28541668 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The matrix effects of ethyl acetate extracts from seven different citrus fruits on the determination of 80 pesticide residues using liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-(ESI)-HR-TOF) at 4 GHz resolution mode were studied. Only 20% of the evaluated pesticides showed noticeable matrix effects (ME) due to coelution with natural products between tR = 3 and 11 min. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the detected coextractives grouped the mandarins and the orange varieties, but separated lemon, oranges, and mandarins from each other. Matrix effects were different among species but similar between varieties, forcing the determination of pesticide residues through matrix-matched calibration curves with the same fruit. Twenty-three natural products (synephrine, naringin, poncirin, glycosides of hesperitin, limonin, nomilin, and a few fatty acids, among others) were identified in the analyzed extracts. Twelve of the identified compounds coeluted with 28 of the pesticides under study, causing different matrix effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Besil
- Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), European Union Reference Laboratory for Pesticide Residues in Fruit and Vegetables, Pesticide Residue Research Group, Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Almeria , La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almeria, Spain
- Grupo de Análisis de Compuestos Traza, Departamento de Quı́mica del Litoral, Facultad de Quı́mica, CENUR Litoral Norte, Universidad de la República (UdelaR) , 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
- Grupo de Análisis de Compuestos Traza, Cátedra de Farmacognosia y Productos Naturales, Facultad de Quı́mica, Universidad de la República , General Flores 2124, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Verónica Cesio
- Grupo de Análisis de Compuestos Traza, Departamento de Quı́mica del Litoral, Facultad de Quı́mica, CENUR Litoral Norte, Universidad de la República (UdelaR) , 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
- Grupo de Análisis de Compuestos Traza, Cátedra de Farmacognosia y Productos Naturales, Facultad de Quı́mica, Universidad de la República , General Flores 2124, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Horacio Heinzen
- Grupo de Análisis de Compuestos Traza, Departamento de Quı́mica del Litoral, Facultad de Quı́mica, CENUR Litoral Norte, Universidad de la República (UdelaR) , 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
- Grupo de Análisis de Compuestos Traza, Cátedra de Farmacognosia y Productos Naturales, Facultad de Quı́mica, Universidad de la República , General Flores 2124, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Amadeo R Fernandez-Alba
- Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), European Union Reference Laboratory for Pesticide Residues in Fruit and Vegetables, Pesticide Residue Research Group, Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Almeria , La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almeria, Spain
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Amelin VG, Lavrukhina OI. Food safety assurance using methods of chemical analysis. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934817010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Mol HG, Tienstra M, Zomer P. Evaluation of gas chromatography – electron ionization – full scan high resolution Orbitrap mass spectrometry for pesticide residue analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 935:161-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wide-scope screening of pesticides in fruits and vegetables using information-dependent acquisition employing UHPLC-QTOF-MS and automated MS/MS library searching. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:7795-7810. [PMID: 27558104 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9883-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents an application of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) for simultaneous screening and identification of 427 pesticides in fresh fruit and vegetable samples. Both full MS scan mode for quantification, and an artificial-intelligence-based product ion scan mode information-dependent acquisition (IDA) providing automatic MS to MS/MS switching of product ion spectra for identification, were conducted by one injection. A home-in collision-induced-dissociation all product ions accurate mass spectra library containing more than 1700 spectra was developed prior to actual application. Both qualitative and quantitative validations of the method were carried out. The result showed that 97.4 % of the pesticides had the screening detection limit (SDL) less than 50 μg kg-1 and more than 86.7 % could be confirmed by accurate MS/MS spectra embodied in the home-made library. Meanwhile, calibration curves covering two orders of magnitude were performed, and they were linear over the concentration range studied for the selected matrices (from 5 to 500 μg kg-1 for most of the pesticides). Recoveries between 80 and 110 % in four matrices (apple, orange, tomato, and spinach) at two spiked levels, 10 and 100 μg kg-1, was 88.7 or 86.8 %. Furthermore, the overall relative standard deviation (RSD, n = 12) for 94.3 % of the pesticides in 10 μg kg-1 and 98.1 % of the pesticides in 100 μg kg-1 spiked levels was less than 20 %. In order to validate the suitability for routine analysis, the method was applied to 448 fruit and vegetable samples purchased in different local markets. The results show 83.3 % of the analyzed samples have positive findings (higher than the limits of identification and quantification), and 412 commodity-pesticide combinations are identified in our scope. The approach proved to be a cost-effective, time-saving and powerful strategy for routine large-scope screening of pesticides.
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Huang JX, Liu CY, Lu DH, Chen JJ, Deng YC, Wang FH. Residue behavior and risk assessment of mixed formulation of imidacloprid and chlorfenapyr in chieh-qua under field conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:650. [PMID: 26412080 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4846-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A simple and rapid method based on high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was developed for the simultaneous determination of imidacloprid and chlorfenapyr residues in chieh-qua. Field trials were designed to investigate the dissipation and terminal residue behavior of the mixed formulation of imidacloprid and chlorfenapyr in chieh-qua in Guangzhou and Nanning areas. Risk assessment was performed by calculating the risk quotient (RQ) values. The developed analytical method exhibited recoveries of 89.9-110.3% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 2.8-12.5% at the spiked levels of 0.01, 0.10, and 1.00 mg/kg. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.003 mg/kg, and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.01 mg/kg for both imidacloprid and chlorfenapyr. It was found that the half-lives of imidacloprid in chieh-qua under field conditions were 3.3 and 3.5 days in Guangzhou and Nanning at a dose of 180 g ai/ha, while the half-lives of chlorfenapyr were 3.3 and 2.6 days, respectively. The terminal residues of imidacloprid and chlorfenapyr were from 0.01 to 0.21 mg/kg and from 0.01 to 0.46 mg/kg, respectively. Results of dietary exposure assessment showed that the RQ values were much lower than 1, indicating that the risk of imidacloprid and chlorfenapyr applied in chieh-qua was negligible to human health under recommended dosage and good agricultural practices. The proposed study would provide guidance for safe and reasonable use of imidacloprid and chlorfenapyr in chieh-qua cultivation in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xiang Huang
- Public Monitoring Center for Agro-product, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-product (Guangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Cong Yun Liu
- Public Monitoring Center for Agro-product, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-product (Guangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Da Hai Lu
- Public Monitoring Center for Agro-product, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-product (Guangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jia Jia Chen
- Public Monitoring Center for Agro-product, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-product (Guangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yi Cai Deng
- Public Monitoring Center for Agro-product, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-product (Guangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Fu Hua Wang
- Public Monitoring Center for Agro-product, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-product (Guangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
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