1
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Imtiaz S, Saleem M. Fluorescence Spectroscopy Based Characterization of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Suspension. J Fluoresc 2024; 34:2123-2131. [PMID: 37713016 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03436-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
In this article, optical characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) suspension has been performed by using Fluorescence spectroscopy. Optical density (OD) and plate count methods have been employed as a reference for the analysis of emission spectra of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in water suspension. Emission spectra of PA suspension has been acquired by using excitation wavelengths from 270 to 420 nm with step of 10 nm to explore its spectral behavior. It has been found that emission spectra of tryptophan, tyrosine, NADH and FAD, the intracellular biomolecules of bacteria, can be used as finger prints for the detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Furthermore, the effect of water matrix on the spectral emission of Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been investigated that might be one of the limitation of Fluorescence spectroscopy for complex water matrices. Moreover, a calibration curve has been produced between ODs600 of Pseudomonas aeruginosa suspensions of different bacterial load and integrated intensities of the emission spectra of same samples. These ODs600 and integrating intensities have been further vetted through plate count method by determining their corresponding colony forming units per ml (CFU/ml). This calibration curve may be used to determine CFU/ml of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in water sample by determining integrating intensity of its emission spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Imtiaz
- National Institute of Lasers and Optronics College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 45650, Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saleem
- National Institute of Lasers and Optronics College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 45650, Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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2
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Zaragoza N, Anderson GI, Allison-Logan S, Monir K, Furst AL. Novel delivery systems for controlled release of bacterial therapeutics. Trends Biotechnol 2024; 42:929-937. [PMID: 38310020 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
As more is learned about the benefits of microbes, their potential to prevent and treat disease is expanding. Microbial therapeutics are less burdensome and costly to produce than traditional molecular drugs, often with superior efficacy. Yet, as with most medicines, controlled dosing and delivery to the area of need remain key challenges for microbes. Advances in materials to control small-molecule delivery are expected to translate to microbes, enabling similar control with equivalent benefits. In this perspective, recent advances in living biotherapeutics are discussed within the context of new methods for their controlled release. The integration of these advances provides a roadmap for the design, synthesis, and analysis of controlled microbial therapeutic delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Zaragoza
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Grace I Anderson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Stephanie Allison-Logan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kirmina Monir
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ariel L Furst
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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3
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Chiang J, Robertson J, McGoverin CM, Swift S, Vanholsbeeck F. Rapid detection of viable microbes with 5-cyano-2,3-di-(p-tolyl)tetrazolium chloride and 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein diacetate using a fibre fluorescence spectroscopy system. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae047. [PMID: 38383865 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To assess the efficacy of two commercially available viability dyes, 5-cyano-2,3-di-(p-tolyl)tetrazolium chloride (CTC) and 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein diacetate (CFDA), in reporting on viable cell concentration and species using an all-fibre fluorometer. METHODS AND RESULTS Four bacterial species (two Gram-positive and two Gram-negative) commonly associated with food poisoning or food spoilage (Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus) were stained with CTC or CFDA and the fibre fluorometer was used to collect full fluorescence emission spectra. A good correlation between concentration and fluorescence intensity was found for Gram-negative bacteria between 107 and 108 colony-forming units (CFU) ml-1. There was no correlation with concentration for Gram-positive bacteria; however, the information in the CTC and CFDA spectra shows the potential to distinguish Gram-negative cells from Gram-positive cells, although it may simply reflect the overall bacterial metabolic activity under staining conditions from this study. CONCLUSIONS The limit of detection (LoD) is too high in the dip-probe approach for analysis; however, the development of an approach measuring the fluorescence of single cells may improve this limitation. The development of new bacteria-specific fluorogenic dyes may also address this limitation. The ability to differentiate bacteria using these dyes may add value to measurements made to enumerate bacteria using CTC and CFDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Chiang
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Julia Robertson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Cushla M McGoverin
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- Department of Physics, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Simon Swift
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Frédérique Vanholsbeeck
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- Department of Physics, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
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4
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Imtiaz S, Saleem M. Fluorescence Spectroscopy Based Identification of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa and Escherichia Coli Suspensions. J Fluoresc 2024:10.1007/s10895-024-03608-w. [PMID: 38334915 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-024-03608-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
In this article, Fluorescence spectroscopy has been employed for the identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) in water suspension. Emission spectra of PA and E. coli suspensions have been acquired by using excitation wavelengths from 270 to 420 nm with steps of 10 nm to explore their spectral features. It has been found that the emission spectra of tryptophan, tyrosine, NADH and FAD, being the intracellular biomolecules present in both bacteria, can be used as fingerprints for their identification, differentiation and quantification. Both bacterial strains can clearly be differentiated from water and from each other by using λex 270-290 nm through spectral analysis and from λex: 300-500 nm by applying statistical analysis. Furthermore, calibration curves for different bacterial loads of PA and E. coli suspensions have been produced between colonies forming units per ml (CFUs/ml) the integrated intensities of their emission spectra. CFUs/ml of both bacterial suspensions have been determined through plate count method which was used as cross-reference for the analysis of emission spectra of both bacterial suspensions. These curves may be used to estimate CFU/ml of both PA and E. coli in unknown water suspensions by determining the integrating intensity of their emission spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Imtiaz
- National Institute of Lasers and Optronics College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 45650, Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saleem
- National Institute of Lasers and Optronics College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 45650, Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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5
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Raki H, Aalaila Y, Taktour A, Peluffo-Ordóñez DH. Combining AI Tools with Non-Destructive Technologies for Crop-Based Food Safety: A Comprehensive Review. Foods 2023; 13:11. [PMID: 38201039 PMCID: PMC10777928 DOI: 10.3390/foods13010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
On a global scale, food safety and security aspects entail consideration throughout the farm-to-fork continuum, considering food's supply chain. Generally, the agrifood system is a multiplex network of interconnected features and processes, with a hard predictive rate, where maintaining the food's safety is an indispensable element and is part of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It has led the scientific community to develop advanced applied analytical methods, such as machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) techniques applied for assessing foodborne diseases. The main objective of this paper is to contribute to the development of the consensus version of ongoing research about the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools in the domain of food-crop safety from an analytical point of view. Writing a comprehensive review for a more specific topic can also be challenging, especially when searching within the literature. To our knowledge, this review is the first to address this issue. This work consisted of conducting a unique and exhaustive study of the literature, using our TriScope Keywords-based Synthesis methodology. All available literature related to our topic was investigated according to our criteria of inclusion and exclusion. The final count of data papers was subject to deep reading and analysis to extract the necessary information to answer our research questions. Although many studies have been conducted, limited attention has been paid to outlining the applications of AI tools combined with analytical strategies for crop-based food safety specifically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hind Raki
- College of Computing, University Mohammed VI Polytechnic, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco; (Y.A.); (D.H.P.-O.)
| | - Yahya Aalaila
- College of Computing, University Mohammed VI Polytechnic, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco; (Y.A.); (D.H.P.-O.)
| | - Ayoub Taktour
- Materials Sciences and Nanotechnoloy (MSN), University Mohammed VI Polytechnic, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco;
| | - Diego H. Peluffo-Ordóñez
- College of Computing, University Mohammed VI Polytechnic, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco; (Y.A.); (D.H.P.-O.)
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6
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Nikolaou M, Tam VH. Rapid In Vitro Assessment of Antimicrobial Drug Effect Bridging Clinically Relevant Pharmacokinetics: A Comprehensive Methodology. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1671. [PMID: 37376120 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid in vitro assessment of antimicrobial drug efficacy under clinically relevant pharmacokinetic conditions is an essential element of both drug development and clinical use. Here, we present a comprehensive overview of a recently developed novel integrated methodology for rapid assessment of such efficacy, particularly against the emergence of resistant bacterial strains, as jointly researched by the authors in recent years. This methodology enables rapid in vitro assessment of the antimicrobial efficacy of single or multiple drugs in combination, following clinically relevant pharmacokinetics. The proposed methodology entails (a) the automated collection of longitudinal time-kill data in an optical-density instrument; (b) the processing of collected time-kill data with the aid of a mathematical model to determine optimal dosing regimens under clinically relevant pharmacokinetics for single or multiple drugs; and (c) in vitro validation of promising dosing regimens in a hollow fiber system. Proof-of-concept of this methodology through a number of in vitro studies is discussed. Future directions for the refinement of optimal data collection and processing are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Nikolaou
- Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Department, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Vincent H Tam
- Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Department, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
- Department of Pharmacy Practice & Translational Research, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
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7
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Alshammari A, Abdulmawla ST, Alsaigh R, Alarjani KM, Aldosari NS, Muthuramamoorthy M, Assaifan AK, Albrithen H, Alzahrani KE, Alodhayb AN. Toward the Real-Time and Rapid Quantification of Bacterial Cells Utilizing a Quartz Tuning Fork Sensor. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1114. [PMID: 37374699 DOI: 10.3390/mi14061114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The quantitative evaluation of bacterial populations is required in many studies, particularly in the field of microbiology. The current techniques can be time-consuming and require a large volume of samples and trained laboratory personnel. In this regard, on-site, easy-to-use, and direct detection techniques are desirable. In this study, a quartz tuning fork (QTF) was investigated for the real-time detection of E. coli in different media, as well as the ability to determine the bacterial state and correlate the QTF parameters to the bacterial concentration. QTFs that are commercially available can also be used as sensitive sensors of viscosity and density by determining the QTFs' damping and resonance frequency. As a result, the influence of viscous biofilm adhered to its surface should be detectable. First, the response of a QTF to different media without E. coli was investigated, and Luria-Bertani broth (LB) growth medium caused the largest change in frequency. Then, the QTF was tested against different concentrations of E. coli (i.e., 102-105 colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL)). As the E. coli concentration increased, the frequency decreased from 32.836 to 32.242 kHz. Similarly, the quality factor decreased with the increasing E. coli concentration. With a coefficient (R) of 0.955, a linear correlation between the QTF parameters and bacterial concentration was established with a 26 CFU/mL detection limit. Furthermore, a considerable change in frequency was observed against live and dead cells in different media. These observations demonstrate the ability of QTFs to distinguish between different bacterial states. QTFs allow real-time, rapid, low-cost, and non-destructive microbial enumeration testing that requires only a small volume of liquid sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Alshammari
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabaa T Abdulmawla
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Alsaigh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaloud Mohammed Alarjani
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah Salim Aldosari
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Abdulaziz K Assaifan
- Department of Biomedical Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamad Albrithen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid E Alzahrani
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah N Alodhayb
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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8
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Tukur F, Bagra B, Jayapalan A, Liu M, Tukur P, Wei J. Plasmon-Exciton Coupling Effect in Nanostructured Arrays for Optical Signal Amplification and SARS-CoV-2 DNA Sensing. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2023; 6:2071-2082. [PMID: 36789152 PMCID: PMC9888407 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.2c05063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-enhanced optical signal using a nanoslit array and acridine orange (AO) dye system at a flexible poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) substrate was achieved in this work and demonstrated a simple sensing scheme to directly detect SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid via DNA hybridization. A simple nanoimprinting pattern transfer technique was introduced to form uniform reproducible nanoslit arrays where the dimensions of the slit array were controlled by the thickness of the gold film. The plasmon-exciton coupling effect on the optical enhancement of different dye molecules, i.e., AO, propidium iodide (PI), or dihydroethidium (DHE) attached to the nanoslit surfaces, was examined thoroughly by measuring the surface reflection and fluorescence imaging. The results indicate that the best overlap of the plasmon resonance wavelength to the excitation spectrum of AO presented the largest optical enhancement (∼57×) compared to the signal at flat gold surfaces. Based on this finding, a sensitive assay for detecting DNA hybridization was generated using the interaction of the selected SARS-CoV-2 ssDNA and dsDNA with AO to trigger the metachromatic behavior of the dye at the nanoarray surfaces. We found strong optical signal amplification on the formation of acridine-ssDNA complexes and a quenched signal upon hybridization to the complementary target DNA (ct-DNA) along with a blue shift in the fluorescence of AO-dsDNAs. A quantitative evaluation of the ct-DNA concentration in a range of 100-0.08 nM using both the reflection and emission imaging signals demonstrated two linear regimes with a lowest detection limit of 0.21 nM. The sensing method showed high sensitivity and distinguished signals from 1-, 2-, and 3-base mismatched DNA targets, as well as high stability and reusability. This approach toward enhancing optical signal for DNA sensing offers promise in a general, rapid, and direct vision detection method for nucleic acid analytes.
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9
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Balseiro-Romero M, Prieto-Fernández Á, Shor LM, Ghoshal S, Baveye PC, Ortega-Calvo JJ. Chemotactic Bacteria Facilitate the Dispersion of Nonmotile Bacteria through Micrometer-Sized Pores in Engineered Porous Media. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:13975-13984. [PMID: 36103595 PMCID: PMC9535858 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c03149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent research has demonstrated that chemotactic bacteria can disperse inside microsized pores while traveling toward favorable conditions. Microbe-microbe cotransport might enable nonmotile bacteria to be carried with motile partners to enhance their dispersion and reduce their deposition in porous systems. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the enhancement in the dispersion of nonmotile bacteria (Mycobacterium gilvum VM552, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrader, and Sphingobium sp. D4, a hexachlorocyclohexane-degrader, through micrometer-sized pores near the exclusion-cell-size limit, in the presence of motile Pseudomonas putida G7 cells. For this purpose, we used bioreactors equipped with two chambers that were separated with membrane filters with 3, 5, and 12 μm pore sizes and capillary polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microarrays (20 μm × 35 μm × 2.2 mm). The cotransport of nonmotile bacteria occurred exclusively in the presence of a chemoattractant concentration gradient, and therefore, a directed flow of motile cells. This cotransport was more intense in the presence of larger pores (12 μm) and strong chemoeffectors (γ-aminobutyric acid). The mechanism that governed cotransport at the cell scale involved mechanical pushing and hydrodynamic interactions. Chemotaxis-mediated cotransport of bacterial degraders and its implications in pore accessibility opens new avenues for the enhancement of bacterial dispersion in porous media and the biodegradation of heterogeneously contaminated scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Balseiro-Romero
- Instituto
de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
(CSIC), Avda. Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ángeles Prieto-Fernández
- Instituto
de Investigaciones Agrobiológicas de Galicia (IIAG), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
(CSIC), Avda. de Vigo s/n, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Leslie M. Shor
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Castleman Building Rm. 224, Connecticut 06269-3237 Storrs, United States
| | - Subhasis Ghoshal
- Department
of Civil Engineering, McGill University, 817 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C3, Canada
| | | | - José Julio Ortega-Calvo
- Instituto
de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
(CSIC), Avda. Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
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10
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Fulazzaky MA, Ismail I, Harlen H, Sukendi S, Roestamy M, Siregar YI. Evaluation of change in the peat soil properties affected by different fire severities. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:783. [PMID: 36098855 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10430-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The tropical peatland ecosystems of Indonesia provide direct economic benefits to local communities and act to maintain local weather patterns. The impact of burning tropical peat swamp forests of land clearing for palm oil plantations can have significant consequences on the change in the characteristics of peat soil. The aim of this study was to determine the physical, chemical, and biological properties of peat soils by field and laboratory testing and analysis to understand changes in the nature and characteristics of peatlands at four locations in the Pelalawan Regency of Riau Province. The results showed that the effect of burning peat swamp forests can lead to a change in the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the peat soils. Soil permeability and the soil microbial population can significantly decrease with increasing fire severity. The effect of different fire severities on the characteristics of peat soil is verified to contribute to advanced management of the tropical peatland in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Ali Fulazzaky
- School of Postgraduate Studies, Universitas Djuanda, Jalan Tol Ciawi No. 1, Ciawi, Bogor, 16720, Indonesia.
- School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM, Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
| | - Ibrahim Ismail
- Postgraduate School of Environmental Science, Universitas Riau, Jalan Pattimura No. 9, Gobah Pekanbaru 28125, Riau, Indonesia
| | - Harlen Harlen
- Faculty of Economics, Universitas Riau, Jalan Pattimura No. 9, Gobah, 28125, Riau, Indonesia
| | - Sukendi Sukendi
- Faculty of Economics, Universitas Riau, Jalan Pattimura No. 9, Gobah, 28125, Riau, Indonesia
| | - Martin Roestamy
- School of Postgraduate Studies, Universitas Djuanda, Jalan Tol Ciawi No. 1, Ciawi, Bogor, 16720, Indonesia
| | - Yusni Ikhwan Siregar
- Faculty of Fishery and Marine, Universitas Riau, Jalan Pattimura No. 9, Gobah, 28125, Riau, Indonesia
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11
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Shen X, Teo TW, Kong TF. A Technique for Rapid Bacterial-Density Enumeration through Membrane Filtration and Differential Pressure Measurements. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13081198. [PMID: 36014121 PMCID: PMC9415702 DOI: 10.3390/mi13081198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we present a microfluidic technique for the rapid enumeration of bacterial density with a syringe filter to trap bacteria and the quantification of the bacterial density through pressure difference measurement across the membrane. First, we established the baseline differential pressure and hydraulic resistance for a filtration membrane by fully wetting the filter with DI water. Subsequently, when bacteria were infused and trapped at the pores of the membrane, the differential pressure and hydraulic resistance also increased. We characterized the infusion time required for the bacterial sample to achieve a normalized hydraulic resistance of 1.5. An equivalent electric-circuit model and calibration data sets from parametric studies were used to determine the general form of a calibration curve for the prediction of the bacterial density of a bacterial sample. As a proof of concept, we demonstrated through blind tests with Escherichia coli that the device is capable of determining the bacterial density of a sample ranging from 7.3 × 106 to 2.2 × 108 CFU/mL with mean and median accuracies of 87.21% and 91.33%, respectively. The sample-to-result time is 19 min for a sample with lower detection threshold, while for higher-bacterial-density samples the measurement time is further shortened to merely 8 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhui Shen
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Ting Wei Teo
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Tian Fook Kong
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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12
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Zhang S, Ma X, Yu H, Lu X, Liu J, Zhang L, Wang G, Ye J, Ning G. Silver(I) metal-organic framework-embedded polylactic acid electrospun fibrous membranes for efficient inhibition of bacteria. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:6673-6681. [PMID: 35411886 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt04234c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
With recent outbreaks of fatal strains of diseases and the emergency of antibiotic resistance, there is a pressing demand to discover bactericidal materials that can effectively reduce or prevent infections by pathogenic bacteria. Herein, silver(I) metal organic frameworks Ag2(HBTC) were embedded into biocompatible polylactic acid (PLA) fibrous membranes through an electrospinning process as an antibiotic-free material for effective bacterial killing. The as-synthesized Ag2(HBTC)/PLA composite membrane showed an inactivation efficiency of more than 99.9% against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) at a concentration of 200-250 mg L-1. Mechanistic investigation indicated that the steady release of Ag+ ions and ˙OH generation from the composites contributed to the efficient antibacterial activities through irreversible damage to the bacterial cell membranes. In-depth proteomic analysis demonstrated that Ag2(HBTC)/PLA exerted a biological effect towards bacterial cells through down-regulating functional proteins, thereby destroying the central biochemical pathways of the cellular energy metabolism process, reducing resistance to oxidative damage and inhibiting cell division. In general, this study shows a promising perspective on designing MOF/PLA membranes with broad-spectrum disinfection capability for potential environmental sterilization and public healthcare protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, PR China
| | - Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, PR China
| | - Hailong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, PR China
| | - Xinyi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, PR China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, PR China.
| | - Jianhui Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, PR China.
| | - Lihua Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, PR China.
| | - Guangyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, PR China
| | - Junwei Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, PR China
| | - Guiling Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, PR China
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13
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Kesisoglou I, Tam VH, Tomaras AP, Nikolaou M. Discerning in vitro pharmacodynamics from OD measurements: A model-based approach. Comput Chem Eng 2022; 158:107617. [PMID: 35250117 PMCID: PMC8896896 DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2021.107617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Time-kill experiments can discern the pharmacodynamics of infectious bacteria exposed to antibiotics in vitro, and thus help guide the design of effective therapies for challenging clinical infections. This task is resource-limited, therefore typically bypassed in favor of empirical shortcuts. The resource limitation could be addressed by continuously assessing the size of a bacterial population under antibiotic exposure using optical density measurements. However, such measurements count both live and dead cells and are therefore unsuitable for declining populations of live cells. To fill this void, we develop here a model-based method that infers the count of live cells in a bacterial population exposed to antibiotics from continuous optical-density measurements of both live and dead cells combined. The method makes no assumptions about the underlying mechanisms that confer resistance and is widely applicable. Use of the method is demonstrated by an experimental study on Acinetobacter baumannii exposed to levofloxacin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iordanis Kesisoglou
- Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Department, University of Houston, 4226 MLK Blvd, Houston TX 77004, United States
| | - Vincent H Tam
- Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Department, University of Houston, 4226 MLK Blvd, Houston TX 77004, United States
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Translational Research, University of Houston, 4349 MLK Blvd, Houston TX 77204, United States
| | - Andrew P. Tomaras
- BacterioScan Inc. 2210 Welsch Industrial Ct, St. Louis, MO 63146 United States
| | - Michael Nikolaou
- Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Department, University of Houston, 4226 MLK Blvd, Houston TX 77004, United States
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14
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Sarkar K, Datta HK, Ahmed S, Dastidar P. Structural Rationale towards Designing Coordination Polymer Based Metallogels Displaying Anti‐Cancer and Anti‐Bacterial Properties. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koushik Sarkar
- School of Chemical Sciences Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road Kolkata 700032 India
| | - Hemanta Kumar Datta
- School of Chemical Sciences Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road Kolkata 700032 India
| | - Sabir Ahmed
- School of Chemical Sciences Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road Kolkata 700032 India
| | - Parthasarathi Dastidar
- School of Chemical Sciences Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road Kolkata 700032 India
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15
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Schlechter RO, Kear EJ, Remus DM, Remus-Emsermann MNP. Fluorescent Protein Expression as a Proxy for Bacterial Fitness in a High-Throughput Assay. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:e0098221. [PMID: 34260309 PMCID: PMC8388834 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00982-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial growth is classically assessed by measuring the increases in optical density of pure cultures in shaken liquid media. Measuring growth using optical density has severe limitations when studying multistrain interactions, as it is not possible to measure the growth of individual strains within mixed cultures. Here, we demonstrated that constitutively expressed fluorescent proteins can be used to track the growth of individual strains in different liquid media. Fluorescence measurements were highly correlated with optical density measurements and cell counts. This allowed us to assess bacterial growth not only in pure cultures but also in mixed bacterial cultures and determine the impact of a competitor on a focal strain, thereby assessing relative fitness. Furthermore, we were able to track the growth of two different strains simultaneously by using fluorescent proteins with differential excitation and emission wavelengths. Bacterial densities measured by fluorescence yielded more consistent data between technical replicates than optical density measurements. Our setup employs fluorescence microplate readers that allow high throughput and replication. IMPORTANCE We expand on an important limitation of the concept of measuring bacterial growth, which is classically limited to one strain at a time. By adopting our approach, it is possible to measure the growth of several bacterial strains simultaneously with high temporal resolution and in a high-throughput manner. This is important to investigate bacterial interactions, such as competition and facilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf O. Schlechter
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Bioprotection Research Core, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Evan J. Kear
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Daniela M. Remus
- Protein Science and Engineering, Callaghan Innovation, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Mitja N. P. Remus-Emsermann
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Bioprotection Research Core, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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16
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O Sousa MA, de Faria MAC, Ribeiro RP, Valverde JVP, Rocha HD, Dos Santos KF, Sousa MS, Souto PCS, Silva JR, de Souza NC. Latex membranes with methylene blue dye for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 20:1027-1032. [PMID: 34292539 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00077-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The search for new materials that can be applied in the treatment of injured human tissues has led to the development of new dressings. Membranes have potential as dressing materials because they can be fitted to and interact with the tissue surface. In this study, we analyze the morphological properties and wettability of latex membranes, along with the incorporation of the photosensitizer methylene blue, in the context of the utility of the membranes in curative applications involving photodynamic therapy (PDT). It was observed that deposition of the photosensitizer into latex membranes increased both the surface roughness and wettability. Antifungal testing indicated that antimicrobial PDT assisted by the latex membranes incorporating methylene blue effectively inactivated Candida albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Andrelina O Sousa
- Grupo de Materiais Nanoestruturados, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Marco A C de Faria
- Grupo de Materiais Nanoestruturados, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Rita P Ribeiro
- Grupo de Materiais Nanoestruturados, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - João V P Valverde
- Grupo de Materiais Nanoestruturados, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Herica D Rocha
- Grupo de Materiais Nanoestruturados, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Kevin F Dos Santos
- Grupo de Materiais Nanoestruturados, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Marcos S Sousa
- Grupo de Materiais Nanoestruturados, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Paula C S Souto
- Grupo de Materiais Nanoestruturados, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Josmary R Silva
- Grupo de Materiais Nanoestruturados, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Nara C de Souza
- Grupo de Materiais Nanoestruturados, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
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17
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Tao W, Song Y, Singhal N, McGoverin C, Vanholsbeeck F, Swift S. A novel optical biosensor for in situ and small-scale monitoring of bacterial transport in saturated columns. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 289:112452. [PMID: 33813297 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In situ monitoring techniques can provide new insight into bacterial transport after inoculating exogenous bacteria into contaminated soils for bioremediation. A real-time and non-destructive optical sensor (the optrode) was employed to monitor in situ transport of two fluorescently labelled bacteria - Green Fluorescent Protein (Gfp)-labelled, hydrophilic Pseudomonas putida and Tomato Fluorescent Protein (td)-labelled, hydrophobic Rhodococcus erythropolis, in a saturated sand column with and without rhamnolipid surfactant. In situ measurements were made at three sampling ports in the column with the optrode in two sets of column experiments. In Experiment 1, liquid samples were extracted for ex situ analyses (plate counts and fluorescence), while in Experiment 2 no liquid samples were extracted. Extracting liquid samples for ex situ analyses in Experiment 1 disturbed in situ measurements; in situ measured bacterial concentrations were lower, or a significant lag in breakthrough occurred relative to ex situ measurements. In Experiment 2, the optrode worked well in monitoring bacterial transport, which gave consistent transport parameters at each sampling port. Moreover, the optrode enabled the impact of bacterial hydrophobicity and rhamnolipid surfactant on bacterial transport to be observed. Specifically, hydrophilic P. putida was transported faster through the column than hydrophobic R. erythropolis; we infer from this result that fewer P. putida cells adsorb to sand particles than do R. erythropolis cells. The rhamnolipid surfactant enhanced the transport of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic bacteria. These two observations are consistent with Lifshitz-van der Waals forces and acid-base interactions between bacteria and sand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tao
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, 643000, PR China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Yantao Song
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Naresh Singhal
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Cushla McGoverin
- The Dodds-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand; Department of Physics, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Frédérique Vanholsbeeck
- The Dodds-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand; Department of Physics, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Simon Swift
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
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18
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How to Evaluate Non-Growing Cells-Current Strategies for Determining Antimicrobial Resistance of VBNC Bacteria. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10020115. [PMID: 33530321 PMCID: PMC7912045 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10020115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thanks to the achievements in sanitation, hygiene practices, and antibiotics, we have considerably improved in our ongoing battle against pathogenic bacteria. However, with our increasing knowledge about the complex bacterial lifestyles and cycles and their plethora of defense mechanisms, it is clear that the fight is far from over. One of these resistance mechanisms that has received increasing attention is the ability to enter a dormancy state termed viable but non-culturable (VBNC). Bacteria that enter the VBNC state, either through unfavorable environmental conditions or through potentially lethal stress, lose their ability to grow on standard enrichment media, but show a drastically increased tolerance against antimicrobials including antibiotics. The inability to utilize traditional culture-based methods represents a considerable experimental hurdle to investigate their increased antimicrobial resistance and impedes the development and evaluation of effective treatments or interventions against bacteria in the VBNC state. Although experimental approaches were developed to detect and quantify VBNCs, only a few have been utilized for antimicrobial resistance screening and this review aims to provide an overview of possible methodological approaches.
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19
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Antimicrobial activity of Epsilon-Poly-L-lysine against phytopathogenic bacteria. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11324. [PMID: 32647256 PMCID: PMC7347836 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68262-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are components of immune defense in many organisms, including plants. They combat pathogens due to their antiviral, antifungal and antibacterial properties, and are considered potential therapeutic agents. An example of AMP is Epsilon-Poly-L-lysine (EPL), a polypeptide formed by ~ 25 lysine residues with known antimicrobial activity against several human microbial pathogens. EPL presents some advantages such as good water solubility, thermal stability, biodegradability, and low toxicity, being a candidate for the control of phytopathogens. Our aim was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of EPL against four phytobacterial species spanning different classes within the Gram-negative phylum Proteobacteria: Agrobacterium tumefaciens (syn. Rhizobium radiobacter), Ralstonia solanacearum, Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (X. citri), and Xanthomonas euvesicatoria. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the peptide ranged from 80 μg/ml for X. citri to 600 μg/ml for R. solanacearum and X. euvesicatoria. Two hours of MIC exposure led to pathogen death due to cell lysis and was enough for pathogen clearance. The protective and curative effects of EPL were demonstrated on tomato plants inoculated with X. euvesicatoria. Plants showed less disease severity when sprayed with EPL solution, making it a promising natural product for the control of plant diseases caused by diverse Proteobacteria.
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20
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Ali AA, Altemimi AB, Alhelfi N, Ibrahim SA. Application of Biosensors for Detection of Pathogenic Food Bacteria: A Review. BIOSENSORS 2020; 10:E58. [PMID: 32486225 PMCID: PMC7344754 DOI: 10.3390/bios10060058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The use of biosensors is considered a novel approach for the rapid detection of foodborne pathogens in food products. Biosensors, which can convert biological, chemical, or biochemical signals into measurable electrical signals, are systems containing a biological detection material combined with a chemical or physical transducer. The objective of this review was to present the effectiveness of various forms of sensing technologies for the detection of foodborne pathogens in food products, as well as the criteria for industrial use of this technology. In this article, the principle components and requirements for an ideal biosensor, types, and their applications in the food industry are summarized. This review also focuses in detail on the application of the most widely used biosensor types in food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athmar A. Ali
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah 61001, Iraq; (A.A.A.); (A.B.A.); (N.A.)
| | - Ammar B. Altemimi
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah 61001, Iraq; (A.A.A.); (A.B.A.); (N.A.)
| | - Nawfal Alhelfi
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah 61001, Iraq; (A.A.A.); (A.B.A.); (N.A.)
| | - Salam A. Ibrahim
- Food and Nutritional Science Program, North Carolina A & T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
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21
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Tang W, Chen D, Yu B, He J, Huang Z, Zheng P, Mao X, Luo Y, Luo J, Wang Q, Wang H, Yu J. Capsulized faecal microbiota transplantation ameliorates post-weaning diarrhoea by modulating the gut microbiota in piglets. Vet Res 2020; 51:55. [PMID: 32299514 PMCID: PMC7164362 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-020-00779-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Early weaning-induced stress causes diarrhoea, thereby reducing the growth performance of piglets. Gut bacterial dysbiosis has emerged as a leading cause of post-weaning diarrhoea. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of capsulized faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) on the gut bacterial community, immune response and gut barrier function of piglets. Thirty-two weaned barrows were randomly divided into two groups. The recipient group was inoculated orally with capsulized faecal microbiota of healthy Tibetan pigs during the whole period of the trial, while the control group was given an empty capsule. The feed-to-gain ratio, diarrhoea ratio, and histological damage score of recipient piglets were significantly decreased. FMT treatment significantly increased the colon length of piglets. Furthermore, the relative abundances of Firmicutes, Euryarchaeota, Tenericutes, Lactobacillus, and Methanobrevibacter in the colon of recipient piglets were increased, and the relative abundances of Campylobacter and Proteobacteria were significantly decreased compared with those in the control group. CD4+ lymphocytes and CD4+/CD8+ ratio in the peripheral blood of recipient piglets were significantly increased. FMT treatment increased the IL-4 and IL-10 levels and decreased the TNF-α and INF-γ levels in the colonic tissue of piglets. The recipient piglets’ mRNA expression of TLR2, TLR8, NF-κB, and iNOS was significantly regulated. In addition, FMT significantly enhanced the gene expression of ZO-1. Overall, treatment with capsulized FMT ameliorated diarrhoea in piglets, with significant effects on limiting colon inflammatory responses, downregulating the TLR signalling pathway and the gene expression of iNOS, and strengthening intestinal barrier function by modulating the constituents of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University and Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University and Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu, China.
| | - Bing Yu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University and Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun He
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University and Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University and Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University and Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University and Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University and Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Junqiu Luo
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University and Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Quyuan Wang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University and Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Huifen Wang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University and Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University and Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu, China.
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22
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Soumare A, Boubekri K, Lyamlouli K, Hafidi M, Ouhdouch Y, Kouisni L. From Isolation of Phosphate Solubilizing Microbes to Their Formulation and Use as Biofertilizers: Status and Needs. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 7:425. [PMID: 31998701 PMCID: PMC6962098 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of biofertilizers at industrial level is a bottleneck because bacterial strains are generally developed and managed by research laboratories and not by production units. A seamless transition from laboratory to field application is, therefore necessary. This review provides an overview of the constraints that limiting the application or the implementation of Actinobacteria based biofertilizers especially in agricultural field and suggests solutions to overcome some of these limits. General processes of making and controlling the quality of the inoculum are briefly described. In addition, the paper underlines the opportunity of biofertilizers alone or in combination with chemical fertilizers. This review also, highlights the latest studies (until June 2019) and focuses on P-solubilization microorganisms mainly Actinobacteria. The biotechnology of these bacteria is a glimmer of hope for rock phosphate (RP) bioformulation. Since direct application of RP fertilizer is not always agronomically effective due to its sparse solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdoulaye Soumare
- AgroBioSciences Program, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Benguerir, Morocco.,Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie IRD/ISRA/UCAD, Centre de Recherche de Bel Air, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Kenza Boubekri
- AgroBioSciences Program, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Benguerir, Morocco.,Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad, Laboratoire of Microbial Biotechnologies, Agrosciences and Environment, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Karim Lyamlouli
- AgroBioSciences Program, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Benguerir, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Hafidi
- AgroBioSciences Program, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Benguerir, Morocco.,Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad, Laboratoire of Microbial Biotechnologies, Agrosciences and Environment, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Yedir Ouhdouch
- AgroBioSciences Program, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Benguerir, Morocco.,Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad, Laboratoire of Microbial Biotechnologies, Agrosciences and Environment, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Lamfeddal Kouisni
- AgroBioSciences Program, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Benguerir, Morocco
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23
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Rapid and cost-effective evaluation of bacterial viability using fluorescence spectroscopy. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:3653-3663. [PMID: 31049617 PMCID: PMC6571086 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01848-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A rapid and easy method that takes advantage of an inexpensive and portable fibre-based spectroscopic system (optrode) to determine the ratio of live to dead bacteria is proposed. Mixtures of live and dead Escherichia coli with proportions of live:dead cells varying from 0 to 100% were stained using SYTO 9 and propidium iodide (PI) and measured using the optrode. We demonstrated several approaches to obtaining the proportions of live:dead E. coli in a mixture of both live and dead, from analyses of the fluorescence spectra collected by the optrode. To find a suitable technique for predicting the percentage of live bacteria in a sample, four analysis methods were assessed and compared: SYTO 9:PI fluorescence intensity ratio, an adjusted fluorescence intensity ratio, single-spectrum support vector regression (SVR) and multi-spectra SVR. Of the four analysis methods, multi-spectra SVR obtained the most reliable results and was able to predict the percentage of live bacteria in 108 bacteria/mL samples between c. 7 and 100% live, and in 107 bacteria/mL samples between c. 7 and 73% live. By demonstrating the use of multi-spectra SVR and the optrode to monitor E. coli viability, we raise points of consideration for spectroscopic analysis of SYTO 9 and PI and aim to lay the foundation for future work that uses similar methods for different bacterial species.
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24
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Robertson J, McGoverin C, Vanholsbeeck F, Swift S. Optimisation of the Protocol for the LIVE/DEAD ® BacLight TM Bacterial Viability Kit for Rapid Determination of Bacterial Load. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:801. [PMID: 31031741 PMCID: PMC6474257 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing is needed to reduce prescription of inappropriate antibiotics. A rapid alternative to standard culture-based testing is to determine reductions in cell viability using the LIVE/DEAD® BacLightTM Bacterial Viability Kit. We optimised the kit protocol for this application, focusing on simplifying the process by minimising the steps involved and on determining the optimal analytical parameters for fluorescence measurements from the dyes SYTO 9 and propidium iodide (PI). We demonstrate that for our experimental system, the intensity of emissions should be integrated from 505–515 nm for SYTO 9 and 600–610 nm for PI, and the proportion of live cells calculated from a new dye ratio formula, termed the adjusted dye ratio. We show that the pre-staining washing step is not necessary if a non-fluorescent growth media is used; however, staining must be done for each sampling as prolonged exposure to the dyes negatively impacts cell viability. The optimised methodology was able to reproducibly detect reductions in culture viability when the proportion of live cells in a sample of 1 × 108 cells/ml fell below ∼50% live in a media that supports the growth required for detecting antibiotic killing. Finally, we show that the interaction of fluorescence emission spectra from SYTO 9 and PI stained Escherichia coli cells is influenced by the proportion of dead cells in a sample. The excitation of PI by SYTO 9 was found to occur in populations containing sufficient numbers of dead cells (>25%), whereas in populations with low numbers of dead cells the dye interaction was additive in regard to red emissions, indicating that these dye interactions may offer another dimension to live/dead analysis. Fluorescence measurements from samples established according to the optimised protocol can be taken using a flow cytometer, spectrofluorometer, microplate reader, and the Optrode, a fibre-based spectroscopic system developed at the University of Auckland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Robertson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Cushla McGoverin
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Physics, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Frédérique Vanholsbeeck
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Physics, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Simon Swift
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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25
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Ou F, McGoverin C, Swift S, Vanholsbeeck F. Near real-time enumeration of live and dead bacteria using a fibre-based spectroscopic device. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4807. [PMID: 30886183 PMCID: PMC6423134 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41221-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A rapid, cost-effective and easy method that allows on-site determination of the concentration of live and dead bacterial cells using a fibre-based spectroscopic device (the optrode system) is proposed and demonstrated. Identification of live and dead bacteria was achieved by using the commercially available dyes SYTO 9 and propidium iodide, and fluorescence spectra were measured by the optrode. Three spectral processing methods were evaluated for their effectiveness in predicting the original bacterial concentration in the samples: principal components regression (PCR), partial least squares regression (PLSR) and support vector regression (SVR). Without any sample pre-concentration, PCR achieved the most reliable results. It was able to quantify live bacteria from 108 down to 106.2 bacteria/mL and showed the potential to detect as low as 105.7 bacteria/mL. Meanwhile, enumeration of dead bacteria using PCR was achieved between 108 and 107 bacteria/mL. The general procedures described in this article can be applied or modified for the enumeration of bacteria within populations stained with fluorescent dyes. The optrode is a promising device for the enumeration of live and dead bacterial populations particularly where rapid, on-site measurement and analysis is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Ou
- Department of Physics, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Cushla McGoverin
- Department of Physics, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Simon Swift
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Frédérique Vanholsbeeck
- Department of Physics, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Auckland, New Zealand
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