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Automated determination of gallium in seawater using seaFAST pre-concentration and high-resolution inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1241:340799. [PMID: 36657873 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.340799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
There has been increased interest in dissolved gallium (Ga) in natural waters due to its long residence time and its usefulness in tracking water masses; however, current analytical approaches are time consuming and labor intensive (e.g., magnesium hydroxide co-precipitation method, (Mg(OH)2)) or have concerns such as carryover and sample recovery (automated resin column extraction). Ocean observing programs, such as GEOTRACES, recover hundreds of samples per expedition. There are both logistical (sample volume) and analytical (person-hour) demands to economically collect and analyze Ga. We present an automated isotope dilution method (using 99.8% enriched 71Ga) to determine Ga in seawater utilizing commercially available equipment while addressing the challenges of a) sample volume and sample pre-concentration factor, b) instrumental interferences, c) sample-sample carryover, d) sample recovery variability, and e) improving sample detection limits, accuracy and precision. A seaFAST SC-4DXS pico (Elemental Scientific, Inc.; ESI) was used to pre-concentrate 20 mL of sample on a Nobias PA1 resin column 67-fold before analysis in medium resolution on a ThermoFisher high-resolution inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometer (HR-ICP-MS) equipped with an APEX Q FAST enabled spray chamber (ESI) to increase signal intensity and decrease instrument interferences. The new automated seaFAST method reproduced Ga concentrations determined by the Mg(OH)2 method, but with greater precision (RSD <4%) and a lower detection limit (0.10 pmol L-1). This method is ideal for high throughput applications and can be easily implemented using commercially available equipment.
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Liu Q, Liao Y, Zhu J, Shi X, Shou L, Zeng J, Chen Q, Chen J. Influence of biodeposition by suspended cultured oyster on the distributions of trace elements in multiple media in a semi-enclosed bay of China. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 443:130347. [PMID: 36372025 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
It remains unclear how the suspended non-fed bivalve mariculture will alter the coastal transfer and cleaning process of trace elements, the non-degradable contaminants, which have been reported to accumulate in sediment from bivalve mariculture areas. Herein, we set up a field in situ comparative test in the suspended oyster (Crassostrea plicatula) farming area (OF) and reference area (RA) of Xiangshan Bay to verify our hypothesis that the biodepositon of suspended oysters would consolidate trace elements from the water column and transport them to the sediment. Distribution of trace elements in multiple media of biodeposits (BDs), settling particles (SPs), sediments (SEs), and seawater demonstrate that the accelerated deposition of BDs which enriched trace elements from the water column by oysters filtering suspended particles led to trace elements accumulation in SEs from OF. Additionally, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, V, and Zn were strongly regulated by this process with significant (p < 0.05) higher concentrations in SEs from OF (10.96, 0.20, 13.98, 82.40, 38.47, 38.22, 108.57, and 111.20 μg/g, repectively) than those from RA (9.43, 0.13, 11.76, 63.30, 30.34, 29.55, 86.59, and 100.24 μg/g, repectively), but the extent was different for Mn, Mo, Pb, and W with concentrations in SEs from OF (737.37, 0.81, 30.98, and 3.96 μg/g, repectively) and RA (765.25, 0.69, 31.27, and 3.34 μg/g, repectively), especially for Rb and Sr with concentrations in SEs from OF (131.13 and 96.24 μg/g, repectively) and RA (142.21 and 161.10 μg/g, repectively), due to their geochemical and geophysical properties. Moreover, the harvest of hyper-accumulated oysters as a sink for removing trace elements from water column cannot hide the impact of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Ocean Space Resource Management Technology, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yibo Liao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Ocean Space Resource Management Technology, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jihao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolai Shi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Shou
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jiangning Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Quanzhen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Ocean Space Resource Management Technology, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianfang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China
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Kilic M, Kilic S, Yenisoy-Karakaş S. The method development for elimination of matrix interferences in seawater monitoring to determine elements by ICP-MS. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 195:180. [PMID: 36480108 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10748-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A simple, versatile, and economical method development with matrix elimination to determine the elements As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, V, and Zn in seawater by using the technique of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry is reported. Real seawater was used as a matrix for the standard adding calibration and other validation parameters. The samples were open digested at 80 °C with 2 mL HNO3 and 0.25 mL HF under the hood. A two-step digestion procedure was applied, and the volume was completed to 10 mL with deionized water. Chloride removal was accomplished by using this procedure. The concentrations of Ca and Mg ions were lessened by 15% and 20%, respectively. These results were verified with ion chromatography, SEM-EDS, and mass difference analyses. It was observed that there was a 40% loss in the average mass of particulate matter on the filter media after applying the two-step digestion procedure. Recovery and trueness values were in the range of 86 and 109%. The average precision amounts for elements were determined as RSD (%) in the range of 1.0% and 3.4%. The concentrations of elements determined in the 18 samples collected from the Konyaaltı Beach located in Antalya were higher than the maximum allowable concentrations of the Directive 2013/39/EU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Kilic
- Central Research Laboratory Application and Research Center, Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Serpil Kilic
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technologies, Vocational High School of Technical Sciences, Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Serpil Yenisoy-Karakaş
- Faculty of Art and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal, Bolu, Turkey.
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García-Figueroa A, Musil S, Matoušek T. Non-chromatographic Speciation Analysis of Tellurium by HG-ICP-MS/MS at Sub ng L -1 Concentration in Natural Waters Using Ti III as a Pre-Reducing Agent. Anal Chem 2022; 94:13995-14003. [PMID: 36179120 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An automated and high-throughput (36 h-1) method for extremely sensitive determination of the two main tellurium species in the environment, namely, tellurite (TeIV) and tellurate (TeVI), was developed. Flow injection hydride generation was interfaced for the first time with inductively coupled plasma triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS) detection to assure interference-free tellurium analysis. ICP-MS/MS conditions were studied in detail. Using a mixture of He + O2 gases in the reaction cell, the background signals significantly dropped and Xe isobaric interference was eliminated, allowing measurement with the most abundant Te isotopes, that is, 128Te and 130Te, and offering a huge increase in sensitivity. Volatile H2Te was selectively generated by a HCl/NaBH4 reaction from TeIV or from both TeIV and TeVI (TeIV+VI) after pre-reduction of TeVI by a TiCl3 solution. The optimum conditions for TiCl3 as a pre-reductant and the pre-reduction kinetics were also investigated. Different reduction rates were found depending on the sample stabilization media (HCl, HNO3, or EDTA). The same sensitivity was found for TeIV and TeVI, measured after pre-reduction, and no significant matrix effect was observed in both fresh and seawaters. Therefore, external calibration was used for quantification in real samples. Under optimal conditions, this method reached an unprecedented limit of detection of 0.07 ng L-1 for both TeIV and TeIV+VI and an intra-day repeatability of 5.2% at the 5 ng L-1 level. The methodology was successfully applied to the speciation analyses in commercially available certified reference materials of river water and seawater, and in bottled water and lake water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián García-Figueroa
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 97, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Musil
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 97, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Matoušek
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 97, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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From sea salt to seawater: a novel approach for the production of water CRMs. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:4745-4756. [PMID: 35545684 PMCID: PMC9174130 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04098-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Natural water certified reference materials (CRMs) are mostly available in a liquid form, and they are produced starting from suitable environmental samples. Many precautions are usually needed to avoid biological or physical degradation, including filtration, acidification, and sterilization. In this study, the drawbacks associated with liquid-based seawater CRMs were tackled by developing a salt-based seawater proxy for nutrients that could be reconstituted in water solution just before use. Phosphate, silicate, and nitrate were chosen as target analytes. Sea salt mimicking the composition of seawater was spiked with an aqueous solution of the analytes and homogenized using a high-energy planetary ball mill (uhom < 1.2%). The salt powder CRM SALT-1 ( https://doi.org/10.4224/crm.2022.salt-1 ) demonstrated good short- and long-term stability for nutrients. When the SALT-1 was reconstituted in water at the 4.0% w/w level, the resulting solution had similar properties with respect to typical seawater in terms of major constituents (± 20%), trace metals, density (1.023 g/mL), pH (8.8-9.0), and optical properties relevant to the photometric characterization. Phosphate and silicate were quantified by photometry (molybdenum blue method, batch mode), whereas nitrate was quantified by isotope dilution GC-MS (uchar < 1.2%). In the SALT-1 reconstituted seawater solution at the 4.0% w/w salt level, the nutrient amount concentration was w(phosphate, PO43-) = 1.615 ± 0.030 μmol/L, w(silicate as SiO2) = 8.89 ± 0.31 μmol/L, and w(nitrate, NO3-) = 18.98 ± 0.45 μmol/L at the 95% confidence (k = 2). Overall, the SALT-1 CRM exhibits similar nutrient profile and general analytical characteristics as the MOOS-3 CRM. However, the SALT-1 has much reduced preparation, storage, and distribution cost, likely much better long-term stability, and it could enable the production of lower cost and more accessible seawater reference materials.
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Zhu Y, Narukawa T, Miyashita SI, Ariga T, Kudo I, Koguchi M, Nonose N, Baharom NB, Lee KS, Yim YH, Wang Q, Chao JB. Development and Co-Validation of a Certified Reference Material (NMIJ CRM 7204-A) for the Analysis of Trace Elements in Seawater Sample. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20210392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanbei Zhu
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Narukawa
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Miyashita
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan
| | - Tomoko Ariga
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan
| | - Izumi Kudo
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan
| | - Masae Koguchi
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan
| | - Naoko Nonose
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan
| | - Norliza Binti Baharom
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- University of Science and Technology (UST), ), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Seok Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hyeon Yim
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- University of Science and Technology (UST), ), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Qian Wang
- National Institute of Metrology (NIM), China, 18, Beisanhuandonglu, Chaoyang District, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Bo Chao
- National Institute of Metrology (NIM), China, 18, Beisanhuandonglu, Chaoyang District, 100029, Beijing, China
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Ouchi K, Tsukahara T, Brandt A, Muto Y, Nabatame N, Kitatsuji Y. Design of Microchannel Suitable for Packing with Anion Exchange Resins: Uranium Separation from Seawater Containing a Large Amount of Cesium. ANAL SCI 2021; 37:1789-1794. [PMID: 34305053 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.21p110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We present a resin-packed microchannel that can reduce the radiation exposure risk and secondary radioactive wastes during uranium (U) separation by downscaling the separation using a microchip. Two types of microchips were designed to densely pack the microchannels with resins. The microchannels had almost the same cross-sectional area, but different outer circumferences. A satisfactory separation performance could be obtained by arranging more than ca. 10 resins along the depth and width of the microchannels. A resin-packed microchannel is an effective separation technique for determining the U concentration via inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry owing to its ability to avoid the contamination of equipment by cesium, and to reduce the matrix effect. The size of the separation site was scaled down to <1/5000 compared to commonly used counterparts. The radiation exposure risk and secondary radioactive wastes can be reduced by 10- and 800-fold, respectively, using a resin-packed microchannel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Ouchi
- Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency
| | - Takehiko Tsukahara
- Laboratory for Advanced Nuclear Energy, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology
| | - Aileen Brandt
- Laboratory for Advanced Nuclear Energy, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology
| | - Yoshiki Muto
- Laboratory for Advanced Nuclear Energy, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology
| | - Nozomi Nabatame
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University
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Major lithogenic contributions to the distribution and budget of iron in the North Pacific Ocean. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11652. [PMID: 31406147 PMCID: PMC6690902 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48035-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have elucidated that iron (Fe) is a critical trace metal that influences the productivity of marine ecosystems and the biogeochemical cycles of other elements in the modern ocean. However, our understanding of the biogeochemistry of Fe remains incomplete. Herein, we report basin-scale and full-depth sectional distributions of total dissolvable iron (tdFe), dissolved iron (dFe), and labile particulate iron (lpFe = tdFe – dFe) in the North Pacific Ocean, as observed during three cruises of the GEOTRACES Japan program. We found that lpFe dominates tdFe and is significantly correlated with labile particulate aluminum (lpAl): lpFe [nmol kg−1] = (0.544 ± 0.005) lpAl [nmol kg−1] + 0.11 ± 0.04, r2 = 0.968, n = 432. The results indicate a major lithogenic contribution to the distribution of particulate Fe. For dFe, the unique distribution is attributed to the combined effects of biogeochemical cycling, manganese reduction, and lithogenic contribution. Based on concurrent observations of Fe, Al, and manganese (Mn), we infer that the width of the boundary scavenging zone is approximately 500 km off the Aleutian shelf. We estimate the inventory of tdFe in the North Pacific as 1.1 × 1012 mol, which is approximately four times that of dFe. Our results emphasize the potential importance of lpFe in the ocean’s iron cycle.
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