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Russell RA, Caruana L, Yepuri NR, Oldfield D, Nguyen TH, Rawal A, Gilbert EP. Deuteration of non-labile protium in starch: Biosynthesis and characterisation from yeast-derived starch granules. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 343:122452. [PMID: 39174091 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Deuterium labelling of the non-labile protium atoms in starch granules has been achieved for the first time, by growing genetically modified yeast on deuterated media. Mass spectrometry of the glucose monomers from digested starch showed 44 % average deuteration of the non-labile protium when grown on partially deuterated raffinose (with average deuteration 48 %); yielding starch with 26 % average overall deuteration. Non-labile deuteration was also demonstrated using D2O solvent in the culture medium. Solid-state NMR revealed that deuteration was not evenly distributed across the monomer, being highest at the C6 carbon and lowest at the C1 carbon. SANS revealed two structural features at q = 0.05 Å-1 and 0.4 Å-1, the first corresponding to a lamellar repeat of approximately 12-13 nm while the latter is consistent with B-type crystalline polymer packing. Furthermore, solvent contrast variation SANS analysis yielded a contrast match point of 66 mol% D2O indicative of approximately 30-35 % average deuteration of the bulk granules, consistent with mass spectroscopy. When coupled with the more traditional process of exchange of labile protium in the hydroxyl groups by D2O solvent exchange, the biosynthesis of highly deuterated starch opens new opportunities for neutron scattering experiments involving multicomponent starch-based systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Russell
- National Deuteration Facility, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia.
| | - Lillian Caruana
- National Deuteration Facility, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia; School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Nageshwar Rao Yepuri
- National Deuteration Facility, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia
| | - Daniel Oldfield
- Nuclear Materials Research and Technology Group, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia
| | - Thanh Ha Nguyen
- Nuclear Materials Research and Technology Group, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia
| | - Aditya Rawal
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Elliot P Gilbert
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia; Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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2
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Li S, He R, Liu J, Chen Y, Yang T, Pan K. Rod-Shaped Starch from Galanga: Physicochemical Properties, Fine Structure and In Vitro Digestibility. Foods 2024; 13:1784. [PMID: 38891012 PMCID: PMC11171565 DOI: 10.3390/foods13111784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
This work investigated the physicochemical properties, structural characteristics, and digestive properties of two non-conventional starches extracted from Galanga: Alpinia officinarum Hance starch (AOS) and Alpinia galanga Willd starch (AGS). The extraction rates of the two starches were 22.10 wt% and 15.73 wt%, which is lower than widely studied ginger (Zingiber officinale, ZOS). But they contained similar amounts of basic constituents. AOS and AGS showed a smooth, elongated shape, while ZOS was an oval sheet shape. AOS and ZOS were C-type starches, and AGS was an A-type starch. AOS showed the highest crystallinity (35.26 ± 1.02%) among the three starches, possessed a higher content of amylose (24.14 ± 0.73%) and a longer amylose average chain length (1419.38 ± 31.28) than AGS. AGS starch exhibits the highest viscosity at all stages, while AOS starch shows the lowest pasting temperature, and ZOS starch, due to its high amylose content, displays lower peak and trough viscosities. Significant differences were also found in the physicochemical properties of the three starches, including the swelling power, solubility, thermal properties, and rheological properties of the three starches. The total content of resistant starch (RS) and slowly digestible starch (SDS) in AOS (81.05%), AGS (81.46%), and ZOS (82.58%) are considered desirable. These findings proved to be valuable references for further research and utilization of ginger family starch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Li
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China; (S.L.); (R.H.); (J.L.); (T.Y.)
| | - Rui He
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China; (S.L.); (R.H.); (J.L.); (T.Y.)
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China; (S.L.); (R.H.); (J.L.); (T.Y.)
| | - Ying Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China; (S.L.); (R.H.); (J.L.); (T.Y.)
| | - Kun Pan
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China; (S.L.); (R.H.); (J.L.); (T.Y.)
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3
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Sabbagh F, Deshmukh AR, Choi Y, Kim BS. Effect of Microsphere Concentration on Catechin Release from Microneedle Arrays. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:28276-28289. [PMID: 38788676 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c06064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
In this work, microspheres were developed by cross-linking glutaraldehyde in an aqueous gelatin solution with a surfactant and solvent. A poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) solution was produced and combined with catechin-loaded microspheres. Different microsphere concentrations (0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%) were applied to the PVA microneedles. The moisture content, particle size, swelling, and drug release percentage of microneedles were studied using various microsphere concentrations. Fourier transform infrared and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigations validated the structure of gelatin microspheres as well as their decoration in microneedles. The SEM scans revealed that spherical microspheres with a wrinkled and folded morphology were created, with no physical holes visible on the surface. The gelatin microspheres generated had a mean particle size of 20-30 μm. Ex vivo release analysis indicated that microneedles containing 10% microspheres released the most catechin, with 42.9% at 12 h and 84.4% at 24 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Sabbagh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Aarti R Deshmukh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoseok Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Soo Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea
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4
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Comeau ES, Vander Horst MA, Raeman CH, Child SZ, Hocking DC, Dalecki D. In vivo acoustic patterning of endothelial cells for tissue vascularization. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16082. [PMID: 37752255 PMCID: PMC10522665 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43299-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Strategies to fabricate microvascular networks that structurally and functionally mimic native microvessels are needed to address a host of clinical conditions associated with tissue ischemia. The objective of this work was to advance a novel ultrasound technology to fabricate complex, functional microvascular networks directly in vivo. Acoustic patterning utilizes forces within an ultrasound standing wave field (USWF) to organize cells or microparticles volumetrically into defined geometric assemblies. A dual-transducer system was developed to generate USWFs site-specifically in vivo through interference of two ultrasound fields. The system rapidly patterned injected cells or microparticles into parallel sheets within collagen hydrogels in vivo. Acoustic patterning of injected endothelial cells within flanks of immunodeficient mice gave rise to perfused microvessels within 7 days of patterning, whereas non-patterned cells did not survive. Thus, externally-applied ultrasound fields guided injected endothelial cells to self-assemble into perfused microvascular networks in vivo. These studies advance acoustic patterning towards in vivo tissue engineering by providing the first proof-of-concept demonstration that non-invasive, ultrasound-mediated cell patterning can be used to fabricate functional microvascular networks directly in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S Comeau
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, 308 Goergen Hall, P.O. Box 270168, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Melinda A Vander Horst
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, 308 Goergen Hall, P.O. Box 270168, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Carol H Raeman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, 308 Goergen Hall, P.O. Box 270168, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Sally Z Child
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, 308 Goergen Hall, P.O. Box 270168, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Denise C Hocking
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, 308 Goergen Hall, P.O. Box 270168, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 711, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Diane Dalecki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, 308 Goergen Hall, P.O. Box 270168, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA.
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Magallanes-Cruz PA, Duque-Buitrago LF, Del Rocío Martínez-Ruiz N. Native and modified starches from underutilized seeds: Characteristics, functional properties and potential applications. Food Res Int 2023; 169:112875. [PMID: 37254325 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Seeds represent a potential source of starch, containing at least 60-70% of total starch, however many of them are treated as waste and are usually discarded. The review aim was to analyze the characteristics, functional properties, and potential applications of native and modified starches from underutilized seeds such as Sorghum bicolor L. Moench (WSS), Chenopodium quinoa, Wild. (QSS), Mangifera indica L. (MSS), Persea americana Mill. (ASS), Pouteria campechiana (Kunth) Baehni (PCSS), and Brosimum alicastrum Sw. (RSS). A systematic review of scientific literature was carried out from 2014 to date. Starch from seeds had yields above 30%. ASS had the higher amylose content and ASS and RSS showed the highest values in water absorption capacity and swelling power, contrary to MSS and PCSS while higher thermal resistance, paste stability, and a lower tendency to retrograde were observed in MSS and RSS. Functional properties such as water solubility, swelling power, thermal stability, low retrogradation tendency, and emulsion stability were increased in RSS, WSS, QSS, and MSS with chemical modifications (Oxidation, Oxidation-Crosslinking, OSA, DDSA, and NSA) and physical methods (HMT and dry-heat). Digestibility in vitro showed that WSS and QSS presented high SDS fraction, while ASS, MSS, PCSS, and HMT-QSS presented the highest RS content. Native or modified underutilized seed starches represent an alternative and sustainable source of non-conventional starch with potential applications in the food industry and for the development of healthy foods or for special nutritional requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perla A Magallanes-Cruz
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo Envolvente del Pronaf y Estocolmo s/n, C.P. 32310 Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico.
| | - Luisa F Duque-Buitrago
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Campus Zacatenco, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, C. P. 07738 Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Nina Del Rocío Martínez-Ruiz
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo Envolvente del Pronaf y Estocolmo s/n, C.P. 32310 Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico.
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6
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Kraithong S, Theppawong A, Huang R. Encapsulated starch characteristics and its shell matrix mechanisms controlling starch digestion. Food Chem 2023; 423:136322. [PMID: 37192559 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Encapsulated starch can be classified as physically inaccessible starch or type 1 resistant starch (RS1), which is produced by encapsulating starch granules within food matrices using various encapsulation techniques. Encapsulated starch has the potential to be used as a functional ingredient in low-/medium-glycemic index (GI) foods as it can help control glycemic and insulin responses. Despite its remarkable benefits, the relevant information related to entrapped starch and its application is still insufficient and needs further elucidation. The objective of this work is to present a comprehensive overview of the current techniques utilized for the preparation of encapsulated starch and its characteristics, thereby extending the fundamental knowledge. Furthermore, this review delves into the mechanisms governing starch hydrolysis regulated by shell matrices and provides the prospective utilization of encapsulated starch in food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supaluck Kraithong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Atiruj Theppawong
- Organic and Biomimetic Chemistry Research Group, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Riming Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Valencia-Llano CH, Castro JI, Saavedra M, Zapata PA, Navia-Porras DP, Flórez-López E, Caicedo C, Calambas HL, Grande-Tovar CD. Histological Evaluation of Cassava Starch/Chicken Gelatin Membranes. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14183849. [PMID: 36145994 PMCID: PMC9506157 DOI: 10.3390/polym14183849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of biopolymers for tissue engineering has recently gained attention due to the need for safer and highly compatible materials. Starch is one of the most used biopolymers for membrane preparation. However, incorporating other polymers into starch membranes introduces improvements, such as better thermal and mechanical resistance and increased water affinity, as we reported in our previous work. There are few reports in the literature on the biocompatibility of starch/chicken gelatin composites. We assessed the in vivo biocompatibility of the five composites (T1–T5) cassava starch/gelatin membranes with subdermal implantations in biomodels at 30, 60, and 90 days. The FT-IR spectroscopy analysis demonstrated the main functional groups for starch and chicken gelatin. At the same time, the thermal study exhibited an increase in thermal resistance for T3 and T4, with a remaining mass (~15 wt.%) at 800 °C. The microstructure analysis for the T2–T4 demonstrated evident roughness changes with porosity presence due to starch and gelatin mixture. The decrease in the starch content in the composites also decreased the gelatinization heats for T3 and T4 (195.67, 196.40 J/g, respectively). Finally, the implantation results demonstrated that the formulations exhibited differences in the degradation and resorption capacities according to the starch content, which is easily degraded by amylases. However, the histological results showed that the samples demonstrated almost complete reabsorption without a severe immune response, indicating a high in vivo biocompatibility. These results show that the cassava starch/chicken gelatin composites are promising membrane materials for tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Humberto Valencia-Llano
- Research Group in Biomateriales Dentales, School of Odontología, Faculty of Health, Campus San Fernando, Universidad del Valle, Calle 4B # 36-00, Cali 76001, Colombia
| | - Jorge Iván Castro
- Research Group SIMERQO, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences, Campus Melendez, Universidad del Valle, Calle 13 No. 100-00, Santiago de Cali 76001, Colombia
| | - Marcela Saavedra
- Research Group of Polímeros, Department of Chemistry, Faculty de Chemistry and Biology, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago 9170020, Chile
| | - Paula A. Zapata
- Research Group of Polímeros, Department of Chemistry, Faculty de Chemistry and Biology, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago 9170020, Chile
| | - Diana Paola Navia-Porras
- Research Group Biotecnología, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de San Buenaventura Cali, Carrera 122 # 6-65, Santiago de Cali 76001, Colombia
| | - Edwin Flórez-López
- Research Group in Química y Biotecnología QUIBIO, Universidad Santiago de Cali, Calle 5 No 62-00, Cali 760035, Colombia
| | - Carolina Caicedo
- Research Group GIGAE3D, Faculty of Engineering, Unidad Central del Valle del Cauca (UCEVA), Carrera 17ª 48-144, Tuluá 763022, Colombia
| | - Heidy Lorena Calambas
- Research Group in Desarrollo de Materiales y Productos, Centro Nacional de Asistencia Técnica a la Industria (ASTIN), SENA, Cali 760003, Colombia
| | - Carlos David Grande-Tovar
- Research Group of Fotoquímica y Fotobiología, Universidad del Atlántico, Carrera 30 Número 8-49, Puerto Colombia 081008, Colombia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +57-5-3599-484
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Mo L, Cheon J, Frostad JM. Quantifying and modeling the gelatinization properties of individual pulse-starch granules by ParCS. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.107896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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9
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Sangwongchai W, Krusong K, Thitisaksakul M. Salt tolerance at vegetative stage is partially associated with changes in grain quality and starch physicochemical properties of rice exposed to salinity stress at reproductive stage. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:370-382. [PMID: 34139029 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rice yield and grain quality are highly sensitive to soil salinity. Distinct rice genotypes respond to salinity stress differently. To explore the variation in grain yield and grain trait adaptation to moderate, reproductive-stage salinity stress (4 dS/m electrical conductivity), four rice cultivars differing in degrees of vegetative salt tolerance, including Pokkali (salt-tolerant), RD15 (moderately salt-tolerant), KDML105 (moderately salt-susceptible) and IR29 (salt-susceptible), were examined. RESULTS Grain fertility and 100-grain weight of RD15, KDML105 and IR29, as well as grain morphology of KDML105 and IR29, were significantly disturbed. Interestingly, grain starch accumulation in RD15 and KDML105 was enhanced under stress. However, only RD15 showed changes in starch physicochemical properties, including increased granule diameter, decreased gelatinization peak temperature (Tp ) and decreased retrogradation onset temperature (To ). Notably, Pokkali maintained productivity, grain quality, and starch properties, while the grain quality of IR29 remained unchanged under salinity stress. Multivariate analysis displayed clear separation of productivity, grain morphology, and starch variables of RD15 in the salt-treated group relative to the control group, suggesting that it was the cultivar most impacted by salt stress despite its moderate salt-tolerance at vegetative stage. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate specific salinity responses among the rice genotypes, and suggest discrepancies between degrees of salt tolerance at vegetative stage versus the ability to maintain both grain quality and starch properties in response to salinity stress imposed at reproductive stage. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wichian Sangwongchai
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Kuakarun Krusong
- Structural and Computational Biology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Maysaya Thitisaksakul
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Salt-tolerant Rice Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Yin Tan W, Li M, Devkota L, Attenborough E, Dhital S. Mashing performance as a function of malt particle size in beer production. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-16. [PMID: 34937436 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2018673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Significant innovations have occurred over the past 50 years in the malting and brewing industries, focused on optimization of the beer mashing, boiling and fermentation processes. One of the challenges faced in beer brewing has been in the malting process to obtain the desired malt and wort quality to produce high-quality beer products. The hydrolytic enzymes produced during grain germination are mostly entrapped inside the cellular matrices of the grain. The intra-grain diffusion of enzymes for in-situ hydrolysis, as well as diffusion of enzymes to wort, depends upon the malt size and malt size fractions obtained after milling. This review investigates the relationship between varying barley grain particle size distribution and the efficiency of the malting and mashing processes. Recommended ideal particle size of barley grain before and after milling are proposed based on the review of existing literature. Each brewing batch of grains with a proportion of >80% plump grains (>2.5 mm in size) is suggested to be the optimal size before milling, whereas the optimum grain particle size after milling ranged between 0.25 and 0.5 mm. The current review will summarize the theoretical aspects for malt milling and the particle size characteristics for optimizing the brewing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Yin Tan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Ming Li
- Laboratory of Cereal Processing and Quality Control, Institute of Food Science and Technology, CAAS, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Lavaraj Devkota
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Edward Attenborough
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Sushil Dhital
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
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11
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Song T, Zhang W, Chen X, Zhang A, Guo S, Shen S, Li H, Dou H. Insights into the correlations between the size of starch at nano- to microscale and its functional properties based on asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:500-509. [PMID: 34710476 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the starches were isolated from three botanical sources (i.e., rice, sweet potato, and lotus seed). The size distributions of starch granules and molecules were determined by asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AF4), and compared with those measured from optical microscopy (OM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Furthermore, the starches were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). AF4 coupled online with UV-visible, multiangle light scattering (MALS), and differential refractive index (dRI) detectors (AF4-UV-MALS-dRI) was employed for the investigation of the digestion and retrogradation properties of starches. Meanwhile, the relationships between the size of starch at nano- to microscale and its functional properties (i.e., digestibility, retrogradation, and thermal properties) were studied by Pearson correlation analysis. AF4-UV-MALS-dRI was proved to be a rapid and gentle method for the separation and size characterization of starches at both micro- and nano-molecule levels. Moreover, it was demonstrated that AF4-UV-MALS-dRI is a useful tool for the monitoring of the digestion and retrogradation properties of starches. The results suggested that the sizes of starch granules and molecules were to some extent correlated with their thermal properties and digestibility, but not with retrogradation property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiange Song
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis Mechanism and Control of Inflammatory-Autoimmune Disease of Hebei Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Aixia Zhang
- Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Suna Guo
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Metrology Instrument and System, College of Quality and Technical Supervision, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Shigang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Huili Li
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis Mechanism and Control of Inflammatory-Autoimmune Disease of Hebei Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Haiyang Dou
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China; Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis Mechanism and Control of Inflammatory-Autoimmune Disease of Hebei Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China.
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12
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Hoshina R, Tsukii Y, Harumoto T, Suzaki T. Characterization of a green Stentor with symbiotic algae growing in an extremely oligotrophic environment and storing large amounts of starch granules in its cytoplasm. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2865. [PMID: 33536497 PMCID: PMC7859197 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82416-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Stentor is a relatively well-known ciliate owing to its lucid trumpet shape. Stentor pyriformis represents a green, short, and fat Stentor, but it is a little-known species. We investigated 124 ponds and wetlands in Japan and confirmed the presence of S. pyriformis at 23 locations. All these ponds were noticeably oligotrophic. With the improvement of oligotrophic culture conditions, we succeeded in long-term cultivation of three strains of S. pyriformis. The cytoplasm of S. piriformis contains a large number of 1-3 μm refractive granules that turn brown by Lugol's staining. The granules also show a typical Maltese-cross pattern by polarization microscopy, strongly suggesting that the granules are made of amylopectin-rich starch. By analyzing the algal rDNA, it was found that all S. pyriformis symbionts investigated in this study were Chlorella variabilis. This species is known as the symbiont of Paramecium bursaria and is physiologically specialized for endosymbiosis. Genetic discrepancies between C. variabilis of S. pyriformis and P. bursaria may indicate that algal sharing was an old incident. Having symbiotic algae and storing carbohydrate granules in the cytoplasm is considered a powerful strategy for this ciliate to withstand oligotrophic and cold winter environments in highland bogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Hoshina
- grid.419056.f0000 0004 1793 2541Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Tamura 1266, Nagahama, Shiga 526-0829 Japan
| | - Yuuji Tsukii
- grid.257114.40000 0004 1762 1436Laboratory of Biological Science, Hosei University, 2-17-1 Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8160 Japan
| | - Terue Harumoto
- grid.174568.90000 0001 0059 3836Research Group of Biological Sciences, Division of Natural Sciences, Nara Women’s University, Kitauoya-Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506 Japan
| | - Toshinobu Suzaki
- grid.31432.370000 0001 1092 3077Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501 Japan
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Govindaraju I, Chakraborty I, Baruah VJ, Sarmah B, Mahato KK, Mazumder N. Structure and Morphological Properties of Starch Macromolecule Using Biophysical Techniques. STARCH-STARKE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/star.202000030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Indira Govindaraju
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal Karnataka 576104 India
| | - Ishita Chakraborty
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal Karnataka 576104 India
| | - Vishwa Jyoti Baruah
- Centre for Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Dibrugarh University Dibrugarh Assam 786004 India
| | - Bhaswati Sarmah
- Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics Assam Agricultural University Jorhat Assam 785013 India
| | - Krishna Kishore Mahato
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal Karnataka 576104 India
| | - Nirmal Mazumder
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal Karnataka 576104 India
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14
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Pigłowska M, Kurc B, Kubiak A. Physicochemical properties of raw starches and their impact on electrochemical activity - Biomolecule-based anode material. Bioelectrochemistry 2020; 136:107619. [PMID: 32731195 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.107619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Starch is a modern and prospective biodegradable material, which could improve lithium-ion batteries by making them safer and thus increasing the energy density and capacity of the cells. The main aim of this study was to research the influence of the physical and chemical properties of different botanical origin starches on their electrochemical properties. The investigation was carried out by examining the colloid stability of starches in water solution at room temperature, and the size of particles, which gave really good stability results. Moreover, the vibrations and the functional groups structure were described by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The surface properties were characterized by determining the specific surface area, pore diameter and volume diameter. The structures of the granules were determined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) measurement. The results of the electrochemical investigations showed good cyclic reversibility and stability. The research was aimed at improving and modifying current lithium-ion cells using biodegradable material as an active anode material, which is connected with the currently well-known "Green Chemistry".
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Affiliation(s)
- Marita Pigłowska
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Beata Kurc
- Institute of Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60965 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Adam Kubiak
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60965 Poznan, Poland
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Grace NCF, Jeyakumar Henry C. The Physicochemical Characterization of Unconventional Starches and Flours Used in Asia. Foods 2020; 9:E182. [PMID: 32059487 PMCID: PMC7073738 DOI: 10.3390/foods9020182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Starches and flours used commonly in Asia (tapioca, sweet potato, sago, water chestnut, and high amylose maize starch, red rice and kithul flour) were characterized in terms of their chemical composition, morphological, functional, pasting, thermal, gelling and in vitro digestibility properties. It was observed that the differences in their chemical composition and structure influenced their properties. High amylose maize was the most stable, thus it required the highest gelatinization temperature which was observed in both the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and pasting profiles. Kithul flour had a significantly lower rate of digestion (p < 0.05) than the other samples (except for high amylose maize starch). Unlike high amylose maize starch, it had a gelatinization temperature that could be achieved during cooking, and had good gelling properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ng C. F. Grace
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore;
| | - Christiani Jeyakumar Henry
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore;
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore 117596, Singapore
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