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Custodio-Mendoza JA, Pokorski P, Aktaş H, Napiórkowska A, Kurek MA. Advances in Chromatographic Analysis of Phenolic Phytochemicals in Foods: Bridging Gaps and Exploring New Horizons. Foods 2024; 13:2268. [PMID: 39063352 PMCID: PMC11276055 DOI: 10.3390/foods13142268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chromatographic analysis of phenolic phytochemicals in foods has significantly advanced over the past decade (2014-2024), meeting increasing demands for precision and efficiency. This review covers both conventional and advanced chromatographic techniques used for detecting phenolic phytochemicals in foods. Conventional methods like High-Performance Liquid Chromatography, Ultra High-Performance Liquid Chromatography, Thin-Layer Chromatography, and Gas Chromatography are discussed, along with their benefits and limitations. Advanced techniques, including Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography, Nano-LC, Multidimensional Liquid Chromatography, and Capillary Electrophoresis, are highlighted for their innovations and improved capabilities. The review addresses challenges in current chromatographic methods, emphasizing the need for standardized and validated procedures according to the Food and Drug Administration, European Cooperation for Accreditation of Laboratories, and The International Organization for Standardization guidelines to ensure reliable and reproducible results. It also considers novel strategies for reducing the environmental impact of chromatographic methods, advocating for sustainable practices in analytical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Marcin Andrzej Kurek
- Department of Technique and Food Development, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (J.A.C.-M.); (P.P.); (H.A.); (A.N.)
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Singh E, Kumar A, Lo SL. Synergistic roles of carbon dioxide nanobubbles and biochar for promoting direct CO 2 assimilation by plants and optimizing nutrient uptake efficiency. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 244:117918. [PMID: 38097059 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the synergistic role of carbon dioxide nanobubbles (CNBs) and biochar (BC) on seed germination, plant growth, and soil quality, employing Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) and Phaseolus vulgaris (beans) as test plant species. CNBs, generated and dispersed in both distilled water (DW) and tap water (TW), exhibited distinct characteristics, with TW-CNBs being larger and more stable (peak values of around 18.17 nm and 299.5 nm, zeta potential (ZP) of -5.91 mV), while DW-CNBs have peak values of around 1.63 nm and 216.1 nm, ZP of -3.23 mV. The results suggest CNBs enhance seed germination by upto 20%. CNBs in BC amended soil further promoted plant height and leaf number. CNBs increased dissolved CO2 levels to 2-24 ppm within 40 min, while BC enriched soil organic carbon from 19.20 to 24.96 ppm in beans and 18.33 to 22.35 ppm in tomatoes. The pH levels decreased from 7.68 to 3.78 for TW-CNBs and from 7.41 to 2.13 for DW-CNBs. Additionally, the electrical conductivity (EC) decreased from 112.1 to 99.6 for TW-CNBs, while it increased from 4.15 to 32.1 for DW-CNBs. Together they significantly increased soil available phosphorus and potassium to 4.03-8.06 and 3.58-7.16 kg ha-1; and 5.67-55.74 and 17.57-43.79 kg ha-1 in bean and tomato, respectively. Variations in nutrient concentrations were observed, with substantial increase in Na (16.27% and 6.58%), Zn (3.39% and 0.46%), and Mg (5.05% and 1.44%) content for beans and tomatoes, respectively. Structural equation model and principal component analysis revealed differences between CNB and BC treated soils, highlighting positive impact on soil quality and plant growth compared to control. Integration of CNBs and BC presents a multifaceted approach to enhance soil quality and promote plant growth, offering promising solutions for sustainable agriculture and environmental management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta Singh
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, 71 Chuo-Shan Rd., Taipei, 10673, Taiwan
| | - Aman Kumar
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, 71 Chuo-Shan Rd., Taipei, 10673, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Lien Lo
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, 71 Chuo-Shan Rd., Taipei, 10673, Taiwan; Water Innovation, Low Carbon and Environmental Sustainability Research Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
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Wang Y, Wang S, Sun J, Dai H, Zhang B, Xiang W, Hu Z, Li P, Yang J, Zhang W. Nanobubbles promote nutrient utilization and plant growth in rice by upregulating nutrient uptake genes and stimulating growth hormone production. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 800:149627. [PMID: 34426308 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Excessive application of chemical fertilizers can lead to serious environmental problems. In this study, we explored the use of nanobubble water for irrigation of crop rice as a means of reducing fertilizer use. The effect of nanobubbles on plant growth and nutrient uptake was evaluated in the laboratory, while crop yield and the efficiency of fertilizer use were evaluated in a field study. The laboratory experiments indicated that nanobubbles significantly improve plant height and root length in rice seedlings. Nanobubble treatment stimulated synthesis of the growth hormone gibberellin and upregulated the plant nutrient absorption genes OsBT, PiT-1 and SKOR, resulting in increased nutrient uptake and utilization by the roots. The field experiments verified the laboratory observations, showing that nanobubble treatment significantly increases rice yield by almost 8% when using similar levels of fertilizer as controls. Moreover, the same yield as controls was achieved with approximately 25% less fertilizer. As well as their impact on growth hormones and nutrient absorption genes, nanobubbles, due to hydrophobic and surface charge properties, enhance the release and absorption of soil nutrients, thereby reducing fertilizer demand. Overall, this study highlights a new and sustainable water irrigation strategy for enhancing crop yield and reducing chemical fertilizer waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Research Center for Ecological Science and Technology, Fudan Zhangjiang Institute, 351 Guoshoujing Road, Shanghai 201203, China; Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Shuo Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jingjing Sun
- Shanghai Jincui Agriculture Company, Jinyang Road, Yangwan Village, Shanghai 201718, China
| | - Hengren Dai
- Shanghai Jincui Agriculture Company, Jinyang Road, Yangwan Village, Shanghai 201718, China
| | - Beijun Zhang
- Shanghai Jincui Agriculture Company, Jinyang Road, Yangwan Village, Shanghai 201718, China
| | - Weidong Xiang
- Research Center for Ecological Science and Technology, Fudan Zhangjiang Institute, 351 Guoshoujing Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zixin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China; Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, 825 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Pan Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Jinshui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, United States
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Ganzera M, Zwerger M. Analysis of natural products by SFC – Applications from 2015 to 2021. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Feasibility study of a chlorophyll dosimeter for high energy X-ray beam used in radiotherapy. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-021-08106-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Lesellier E, West C. Supercritical fluid chromatography for the analysis of natural dyes: From carotenoids to flavonoids. J Sep Sci 2021; 45:382-393. [PMID: 34633729 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Plant-derived natural dyes are used in a variety of formulated products, from food to cosmetics and pharmaceutics. In addition to their color, they also provide some bioactivity. While they are mostly analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography, supercritical fluid chromatography was also employed for several dye families, mostly for carotenoids and chlorophylls, and more recently for anthraquinones and flavonoids. These supercritical fluid chromatography methods are described in this review. Because the dyes have different structures and structural variations (polarity, isomers, etc.), the best chromatographic system to achieve their separation is not always the same. Hydrophobic stationary phases are preferred for the most hydrophobic dyes (chlorophylls and carotenoids) while polar stationary phases are preferred for the polar dyes (anthraquinones and flavonoids). Regarding the mobile phase composition, chlorophylls and carotenoids are best eluted with moderate proportions of co-solvent in CO2 (about 40%), while the most polar glycosylated flavonoids require higher proportions of co-solvent and acidic additives. Because dyes are colorful, ultraviolet-visible detection is often sufficient, while mass spectrometry offers additional structural information. Furthermore, fundamental information can also be gained through chromatographic analysis of dyes: either solubility in supercritical fluids, in view of their extraction, or retention behavior providing an understanding of stationary phase properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Lesellier
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité mixte de recherche, 7311, University of Orleans, Orleans, France
| | - Caroline West
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité mixte de recherche, 7311, University of Orleans, Orleans, France
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Shafiq F, Siddique A, Pervez MN, Hassan MM, Naddeo V, Cai Y, Hou A, Xie K, Khan MQ, Kim IS. Extraction of Natural Dye from Aerial Parts of Argy Wormwood Based on Optimized Taguchi Approach and Functional Finishing of Cotton Fabric. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:5850. [PMID: 34640247 PMCID: PMC8510158 DOI: 10.3390/ma14195850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aerial parts of the Argy Worm Wood (AWW) plant have been used in different Chinese foods as a colorant and a taste enhancer for a long time. Despite its application as a food colorant, it has rarely been considered for the coloration of textiles. Keeping in mind the variation in color strength due to the change in phytochemical contents by seasonal change and other variables, the extraction of AWW aerial parts was optimized using the Taguchi method. Optimization was performed on the basis of total phytochemical contents (phenols, flavonoids, and tannins) in the extracted solutions. For this purpose, two different solvent systems, namely sodium hydroxide/water (NaOH/water) and ethanol/water (EtOH/water), were applied through a simple aqueous extraction method at varying levels of solvent concentration, and extraction temperature and duration. Maximum phytochemicals yield of 21.96% was obtained using NaOH/water system with 9 g/L NaOH/water at 85 °C for 20 min and 25.5% with 75% aqueous ethanol at 85 °C for 40 min. Optimized extracts were characterized by UV-Vis and FTIR spectrophotometry, which showed the presence of multiple phytochemicals in the extracts. The dyeing temperature and time were also optimized. Dyed cotton fabrics showed medium to high colorfastness to washing and excellent antibacterial and UV radiation absorption properties. The effect of pre-mordanting with salts of iron and copper was also studied on the color fastness properties. Cotton fabrics dyed with two different solvent system extracts displayed various shades of brown with NaOH/water, and green with aqueous ethanol with and without pre-mordanting. The present study provides the textile industry with a promising source of functional bio-colorant and a value-adding approach for the AWW plant industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizan Shafiq
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China;
| | - Amna Siddique
- School of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Md. Nahid Pervez
- Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division (SEED), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy; (M.N.P.); (V.N.)
| | - Mohammad Mahbubul Hassan
- Bioproduct and Fiber Technology Team, AgResearch Limited, 1365 Springs Road, Lincoln, Christchurch 7647, New Zealand;
| | - Vincenzo Naddeo
- Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division (SEED), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy; (M.N.P.); (V.N.)
| | - Yingjie Cai
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Clean Production and High Value Utilization of Bio-Based Textile Materials, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China;
| | - Aiqin Hou
- National Engineering Research Center for Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China;
| | - Kongliang Xie
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China;
| | - Muhammad Qamar Khan
- Nanotechnology Research Group, Department of Textile and Clothing, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University Karachi Campus, Industrial Area Korangi, Karachi 74900, Pakistan
| | - Ick-Soo Kim
- Division of Frontier Fiber, Institute of Fiber Engineering, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research (ICCER), Faculty of Textile Sciences, Shinshu University, Tokida 3 15 1, Ueda, Nagano 386 8567, Japan
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Lefebvre T, Destandau E, Lesellier E. Sequential extraction of carnosic acid, rosmarinic acid and pigments (carotenoids and chlorophylls) from Rosemary by online supercritical fluid extraction-supercritical fluid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1639:461709. [PMID: 33234291 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A high degree of selectivity is required during the plant extraction process in order to obtain extracts enriched in specific compounds or to avoid the extraction of unwanted ones. Rosemary is well known for its antioxidant compounds (carnosic acid, carnosol and rosmarinic acid). The plant also contains pigments (i.e. carotenoids, chlorophylls) which may cause a colour problem during the use of the extract in cosmetic formulations, for example. Supercritical fluid extraction is considered as a selective technique for plant extraction. Due to the physico-chemical properties of supercritical fluids, related to pressure, temperature and modifier addition, it is possible to carry out sequential extraction with successive conditions to collect different fractions that are rich either in pigments or in bioactive compounds. The aim of this study was to selectively extract bioactive compounds (i.e. carnosic acid and rosmarinic acid) and pigments (carotenoids and chlorophylls) from rosemary using supercritical fluid extraction. The optimisation of the extraction method was carried out using supercritical fluid extraction online coupled with a supercritical fluid chromatography (SFE-SFC) system. Two columns of different polarities were coupled to achieve the separation of the targeted compounds every five minutes during the extraction. Four fractions were obtained: a first one rich in carotenoids obtained with pure CO2 (25°C and 20 MPa), a second rich in carnosic acid obtained with 3% polar modifier (EtOH:water 50/50 v/v), a third fraction rich in rosmarinic acid using 10% of the same modifier and a fourth fraction rich in chlorophylls with 30% of ethanol as modifier. These four samples were then analysed by UHPLC-DAD-ESI-QTOF-HRMS in order to identify other extracted compounds and to study how the selected conditions impacted their extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Lefebvre
- ICOA, UMR 7311, Université d'Orléans, rue de Chartres, BP 45067 Orléans, France
| | - Emilie Destandau
- ICOA, UMR 7311, Université d'Orléans, rue de Chartres, BP 45067 Orléans, France
| | - Eric Lesellier
- ICOA, UMR 7311, Université d'Orléans, rue de Chartres, BP 45067 Orléans, France.
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