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Zhang Y, Liao J, Le W, Zhang W, Wu G. In-Depth Analysis of Molecular Network Based on Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry in Natural Products: Importance of Redundant Nodes Discovery. Anal Chem 2024; 96:15888-15897. [PMID: 39311834 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c02230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/09/2024]
Abstract
The identification of molecules within complex mixtures is a major bottleneck in natural products (NPs) research. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has emerged as the main tool for the high-throughput characterization of NPs. The large amount of data sets by LC-MS/MS presents a challenge for data processing and interpretation, and the LC-MS/MS molecular network (MN) is one of the most prominent tools for analyzing large MS/MS data sets, widely used for rapid classification, identification, and structural speculation of unknown compounds. However, the existence of a large number of redundant nodes leads to false-positive results. To solve this problem, we proposed the in-depth analysis of MN. In this study, in-depth analysis of MN of five NPs representing the common structures of saponin, steroid, flavonoid, alkaloid, and phenolic acid revealed the presence of redundant nodes (including other adducts, isotope, and in-source fragmentation) in addition to the normal nodes, which can lead to false-positive identification results. Additionally, the reasons for different redundant nodes are discussed and experimentally verified, and it was found that the impact of redundant nodes can be mitigated by optimizing the experimental conditions and employing Feature-Based Molecular Networking. Furthermore, Ion Identity Molecular Networking can rapidly discover and screen redundant nodes, simplifying the in-depth analysis of MN and improving the network connectivity of structurally related molecules. Finally, a combination formulation of 7 NPs is used as an example to provide a guide for in-depth analysis of MN for comprehensive characterization of complex systems. This study highlights the importance of an in-depth analysis of MN for better understanding and utilization of MS/MS data in complex systems to reduce the false-positive rate of identification by screening and filtering redundant nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Jingyu Liao
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wanqi Le
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Gaosong Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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Lv Y, Xu X, Yang J, Gao Y, Xin J, Chen W, Zhang L, Li J, Wang J, Wei Y, Wei X, He J, Zu X. Identification of chemical components and rat serum metabolites in Danggui Buxue decoction based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS, the UNIFI platform and molecular networks. RSC Adv 2023; 13:32778-32785. [PMID: 37942447 PMCID: PMC10628667 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04419j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Danggui Buxue Decoction (DBD), consisting of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao (Huangqi, HQ) and Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels (Danggui, DG), is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula with the function of tonifying Qi and promoting blood. In this study, ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) was used to comprehensively identify the chemical constituents in DBD and those entering into the rat serum after gastric perfusion. A combination of the UNIFI platform and Global Natural Product Social molecular networking (GNPS) was used to analyze the chemical composition of DBD. As a result, 207 compounds were unambiguously or tentatively identified including 60 flavonoids, 38 saponins, 35 organic acids, 26 phthalides, 12 phenylpropanoids, 11 amino acids and 25 others. Furthermore, a total of 80 compounds, including 29 prototype components and 51 exogenous metabolites, were detected in the serum of rats. Phase I reactions (oxidation, reduction, and hydration), phase II reactions (methylation, sulfation, and glucuronidation), and their combinations were the main metabolic pathways of DBD. The results provided fundamental information for further studying the pharmacological mechanisms of DBD, as well as its quality control research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Lv
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University Shanghai 200433 China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Jinan 250355 China
| | - Xike Xu
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Jishun Yang
- Medical Security Center, Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University Shanghai 200433 China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Jinan 250355 China
| | - Jiayun Xin
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University Shanghai 200433 China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Jinan 250355 China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Jinan 250355 China
| | - Jiali Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Jinan 250355 China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Jinan 250355 China
| | - Yanping Wei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Jinan 250355 China
| | - Xintong Wei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Jinan 250355 China
| | - Jixiang He
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Jinan 250355 China
| | - Xianpeng Zu
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University Shanghai 200433 China
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Shi Y, Mei X, Li Y, Li M, Ji D, Su L, Mao C, Lu T. Study on the quality difference of Cyperus rotundus before and after vinegar processing based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry and molecular network combined with color parameters. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2200990. [PMID: 36827079 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Cyperus rotundus is the dry rhizome of the Cyperaceae plant Cyperus. Although there are two types of processed products in clinics, their quality differences are not clear, and the identification methods are more complex. In this study, the chemical composition of different processed products of Cyperus rotundus was characterized using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry and molecular network analysis, to identify the potential chemical markers and to establish a quick and simple color-based discrimination method. Among the 65 compounds analyzed, 12 showed significant differences. Observing the color, the surface brightness (L*) of Cyperus rotundus decreased after vinegar processing, while red (a*) and yellow (b*) values increased. These color values correlated significantly with chemical compositions. Finally, a color discriminant function was established and verified for raw Cyperus rotundus and vinegar-processing Cyperus rotundus. Based on this study, Cyperus rotundus' quality can be effectively controlled and provides a method for the comprehensive characterization of chemical components and chemical markers of other traditional Chinese medicine and processed products, as well as new ideas and methods in identification and quality evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabo Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Xi Mei
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Yu Li
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Mingxuan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - De Ji
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Lianlin Su
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Chunqin Mao
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Tulin Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China
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Liu XT, Sun DM, Yu WX, Lin WX, Liu LY, Zeng Y. A Novel Strategy for Screening Active Components in Cistanche tubulosa Based on Spectrum-Effect Relationship Analysis and Network Pharmacology. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2023; 2023:9030015. [PMID: 36760656 PMCID: PMC9904937 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9030015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cistanche tubulosa (Schenk) R. Wight is a valuable herbal medicine in China. The study aimed to explore the potential mechanisms of C. tubulosa on antioxidant activity using spectrum-effect relationship and network pharmacology and the possibilities of utilizing herbal dregs. In this work, different extracts of C. tubulosa, including herbal materials, water extracts, and herbal residues, were evaluated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technology. In addition, the antioxidant activities were estimated in vitro, including 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl; superoxide anion; and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays. The spectrum-effect relationships between the HPLC fingerprints and the biological capabilities were analyzed via partial least squares regression, bivariate correlation analysis, and redundancy analysis. Furthermore, network pharmacology was used to predict potential mechanisms of C. tubulosa in the treatment of antioxidant-related diseases. According to the results, eleven common peaks were shared by different extracts. Geniposidic acid, echinacoside, verbascoside, tubuloside A, and isoacteoside were quantified and compared among different forms of C. tubulosa. The spectrum-effect relationship study indicated that peak A 6 might be the most decisive component among the three forms. Based on network pharmacology, there were 159 target genes shared by active components and antioxidant-related diseases. Targets related to antioxidant activity and relevant pathways were discussed. Our results provide a theoretical basis for recycling the herbal residues and the potential mechanisms of C. tubulosa in the treatment of antioxidant-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Tong Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dong-Mei Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Granule, Guangdong E-Fong Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Foshan 528244, China
| | - Wen-Xin Yu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wei-Xiong Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Granule, Guangdong E-Fong Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Foshan 528244, China
| | - Liao-Yuan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Granule, Guangdong E-Fong Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Foshan 528244, China
| | - Yu Zeng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Lv Y, Xu X, Wei Y, Shen Y, Chen W, Wei X, Wang J, Xin J, He J, Zu X. Characterization and Discrimination of Ophiopogonis Radix with Different Levels of Sulfur Fumigation Based on UPLC-QTOF-MS Combined Molecular Networking with Multivariate Statistical Analysis. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13020204. [PMID: 36837823 PMCID: PMC9963253 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ophiopogonis Radix, also known as "Maidong" (MD) in China, is frequently sulfur-fumigated (SF) in the pretreatment process of MD to improve the appearance and facilitate preservation. However, the process leads to changes in chemical composition, so it is essential to develop an approach to identify the chemical characteristics between nonfumigated and sulfur-fumigated products. This paper provided a practical method based on UPLC-QTOF-MS combined Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) with multivariate statistical analysis for the characterization and discrimination of MD with different levels of sulfur fumigation, high concentration sulfur fumigation (HS), low concentration sulfur fumigation (LS) and without sulfur fumigation (WS). First, a number of 98 compounds were identified in those MD samples. Additionally, the results of Principal component analysis (PCA) and Orthogonal partial least-squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) demonstrated that there were significant chemical differences in the chemical composition of MD with different degrees of SF. Finally, fourteen and sixteen chemical markers were identified upon the comparison between HS and WS, LS and WS, respectively. Overall, these results can be able to discriminate MD with different levels of SF as well as establish a solid foundation for further quality control and pharmacological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xike Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yanping Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yunheng Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xintong Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jie Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jiayun Xin
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jixiang He
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- Correspondence: (J.H.); (X.Z.); Tel.: +086-0531-89628200 (J.H.); +086-021-81871248 (X.Z.)
| | - Xianpeng Zu
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Correspondence: (J.H.); (X.Z.); Tel.: +086-0531-89628200 (J.H.); +086-021-81871248 (X.Z.)
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6
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Extraction and Identification of Antioxidant Ingredients from Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal.) Iljinsk Using UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS-Based Molecular Networking. J CHEM-NY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/8260379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal.) Iljinskaja (LCP) leaves have been widely employed in food and traditional medicine for treating hyperlipidaemia and its complications, possibly owing to their antioxidant properties. The aim of the present study is to identify the chemical ingredients of antioxidant extracts from LCP by using UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS-based molecular networking, a very recent and useful tool for annotation of chemical constituents in mixtures. The extraction conditions of antioxidant extracts from LCP were optimised by single-factor analysis and response surface methodology (RSM). The optimised conditions were a methanol concentration of 32%, a liquid-to-solid ratio of 0.4 ml/mg, an extraction temperature of 25°C, and an extraction time of 32 min. Under these conditions, the antioxidant yield was 516.20 ± 28.52 μmol TE/ml. The main active ingredients in the antioxidants were identified by UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS-based molecular networking. In total, 42 compounds were identified, including 20 flavonoids, 16 quinic acid derivatives, 4 caffeoyl derivatives, and 2 coumaroyl derivatives. The findings of the present work suggest that LCP could be a suitable source of natural antioxidant compounds, which might be applicable in the development of potential pharmaceutical drugs targeting diseases related to oxidative stress.
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Comparative Investigation of the Differences in Chemical Compounds between Raw and Processed Mume Fructus Using Plant Metabolomics Combined with Chemometrics Methods. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196344. [PMID: 36234881 PMCID: PMC9572716 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mume Fructus is a well-known herbal medicine and food with a long history of processing and application. Different processing methods impact the intrinsic quality of Mume Fructus. Thus, it is of great significance to investigate the changes in chemical components during processing (i.e., raw compared to the pulp and charcoal forms). In this study, plant metabolomics methods based on mass spectrometry detection were established to analyze the chemical ingredients of Mume Fructus comprehensively. Chemometric strategies were combined to analyze the profile differences of Mume Fructus after different processing methods. The established strategy identified 98 volatile and 89 non-volatile compounds of Mume Fructus by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS), respectively. Moreover, the orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) indicated that raw Mume Fructus and the Mume Fructus pulp and charcoal were distributed in three regions. Subsequently, 19 volatile and 16 non-volatile components were selected as potential chemical component markers with variable importance in the projection using (VIP) >1 as the criterion, and the accuracy was verified by a Back Propagation Neural Network (BP-NN). To further understand the difference in the content of Mume Fructus before and after processing, 16 non-volatile chemical component markers were quantitatively determined by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). The results revealed that, compared with raw Mume Fructus, the total content of 16 components in the pulp of Mume Fructus increased while it decreased in the charcoal. Therefore, this study used GC-MS, UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS and UHPLC-MS/MS modern technology to analyze the differences in chemical components before and after the processing of Mume Fructus and provided a material basis for further research on the quality evaluation and efficacy of Mume Fructus.
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Li W, Li C, Sun K, Chi C, Li Z, Xu L, Zhao Y, Liu R. An enhanced analytical strategy integrating offline two‐dimensional liquid chromatography with high‐resolution accurate mass spectrometry and molecular networking: Comprehensive characterization of HuangLian JieDu Decoction as a case study. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:2734-2745. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Li
- School of Pharmacy Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University) Yantai University Yantai 264005 China
| | - Caihong Li
- School of Pharmacy Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University) Yantai University Yantai 264005 China
| | - Kang Sun
- School of Pharmacy Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University) Yantai University Yantai 264005 China
| | - Chenglin Chi
- School of Pharmacy Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University) Yantai University Yantai 264005 China
| | - Zongchao Li
- School of Pharmacy Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University) Yantai University Yantai 264005 China
| | - Lixiao Xu
- School of Pharmacy Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University) Yantai University Yantai 264005 China
| | - Yan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University) Yantai University Yantai 264005 China
| | - Rongxia Liu
- School of Pharmacy Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University) Yantai University Yantai 264005 China
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Wang YD, Yang J, Li Q, Li YY, Tan XM, Yao SY, Niu SB, Deng H, Guo LP, Ding G. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS Analysis of Seco-Sativene Sesquiterpenoids to Detect New and Bioactive Analogues From Plant Pathogen Bipolaris sorokiniana. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:807014. [PMID: 35356527 PMCID: PMC8959811 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.807014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Seco-sativene sesquiterpenoids are an important member of phytotoxins and plant growth regulators isolated from a narrow spectrum of fungi. In this report, eight seco-sativene sesquiterpenoids (1-8) were first analyzed using the UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS technique in positive mode, from which their mass fragmentation pathways were suggested. McLafferty rearrangement, 1,3-rearrangement, and neutral losses were considered to be the main fragmentation patterns for the [M+1]+ ions of 1-8. According to the structural features (of different substitutes at C-1, C-2, and C-13) in compounds 1-8, five subtypes (A-E) of seco-sativene were suggested, from which subtypes A, B/D, and E possessed the diagnostic daughter ions at m/z 175, 189, and 203, respectively, whereas subtype C had the characteristic daughter ion at m/z 187 in the UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS profiles. Based on the fragmentation patterns of 1-8, several known compounds (1-8) and two new analogues (9 and 10) were detected in the extract of plant pathogen fungus Bipolaris sorokiniana based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS analysis, of which 1, 2, 9, and 10 were then isolated and elucidated by NMR spectra. The UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS spectra of these two new compounds (9 and 10) were consistent with the fragmentation mechanisms of 1-8. Compound 1 displayed moderate antioxidant activities with IC50 of 0.90 and 1.97 mM for DPPH and ABTS+ scavenging capacity, respectively. The results demonstrated that seco-sativene sesquiterpenoids with the same subtypes possessed the same diagnostic daughter ions in the UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS profiles, which could contribute to structural characterization of seco-sativene sesquiterpenoids. Our results also further supported that UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS is a powerful and sensitive tool for dereplication and detection of new analogues from crude extracts of different biological origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Duo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang-Mei Tan
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Si-Yang Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing City University, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Bin Niu
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing City University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Deng
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lan-Ping Guo
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Huang Q, Zhang C, Qu S, Dong S, Ma Q, Hao Y, Liu Z, Wang S, Zhao H, Shi Y. Chinese Herbal Extracts Exert Neuroprotective Effect in Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Through the Dopaminergic Synapse/Apoptosis Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:817213. [PMID: 35295332 PMCID: PMC8918930 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.817213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) as an age-related, irreversible neurodegenerative disease, characterized by cognitive dysfunction, has become progressively serious with a global rise in life expectancy. As the failure of drug elaboration, considerable research effort has been devoted to developing therapeutic strategies for treating AD. TCM is gaining attention as a potential treatment for AD. Gastrodia elata Blume, Polygala tenuifolia Willd., Cistanche deserticola Ma, Rehmannia lutinosa (Gaertn.)DC., Acorus gramineus Aiton, and Curcuma longa L. (GPCRAC) are all well-known Chinese herbs with neuroprotective benefits and are widely used in traditional Chinese decoction for AD therapy. However, the efficacy and further mechanisms of GPCRAC extracts in AD experimental models are still unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the synergistic protective efficacy of GPCRAC extracts (composed of extracts from these six Chinese medicines), and the protein targets mediated by GPCRAC extracts in treating AD. Methods: Scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment mouse model was established to determine the neuroprotective effects of GPCRAC extracts in vivo, as shown by behavioral tests and cerebral cholinergic function assays. To identify the potential molecular mechanism of GPCRAC extracts against AD, label-free quantitative proteomics coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) were performed. The integrated bioinformatics analysis was applied to screen the core differentially expressed proteins in vital canonical pathways. Critical altered proteins were validated by qPCR and Western blotting. Results: Administration of GPCRAC extracts significantly recovered scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment, as evidenced by the improved learning and memory ability, increased Ach content and ChAT activity, as well as decreased AchE activity in the hippocampus of mice. In total, 390 proteins with fold-change>1.2 or <0.83 and p < 0.05 were identified as significant differentially expressed proteins, of which 110 were significantly up-regulated and 25 were significantly down-regulated between control and model group. By mapping the significantly regulated proteins, we identified five hub proteins: PPP2CA, Gsk3β, PP3CC, PRKACA, and BCL-2 that were associated with dopaminergic synapse and apoptosis signaling pathway, respectively. Western blotting and QPCR demonstrate that the expression levels of these core proteins could be significantly improved by the administration of GPCRAC extracts. These pathways and some of the identified proteins are implicated in AD pathogenesis. Conclusion: Administration of GPCRAC extracts was effective on alleviating scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment, which might be through modulation of dopaminergic synapse and apoptosis signaling pathway. Consequently, our quantitative proteome data obtained from scopolamine-treated model mice successfully characterized AD-related biological alterations and proposed novel protein biomarkers for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Huang
- Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Sihao Qu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shi Dong
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qihong Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Hao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Zimin Liu
- Chenland Nutritionals, Irvine, CA, United States
| | | | - Haibin Zhao
- Dong Fang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
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11
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Liu C, Zuo Z, Xu F, Wang Y. Authentication of Herbal Medicines Based on Modern Analytical Technology Combined with Chemometrics Approach: A Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022; 53:1393-1418. [PMID: 34991387 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.2023460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Since ancient times, herbal medicines (HMs) have been widely popular with consumers as a "natural" drug for health care and disease treatment. With the emergence of problems, such as increasing demand for HMs and shortage of resources, it often occurs the phenomenon of shoddy exceed and mixing the false with the genuine in the market. There is an urgent need to evaluate the quality of HMs to ensure their important role in health care and disease treatment, and to reduce the possibility of threat to human health. Modern analytical technology is can be analyzed for analyzing chemical components of HMs or their preparations. Reflecting complex chemical components' characteristic curves in the analysis sample, and the comprehensive effect of active ingredients of HMs. In this review, modern analytical technology (chromatography, spectroscopy, mass spectrometry), chemometrics methods (unsupervised, supervised) and their advantages, disadvantages, and applicability were introduced and summarized. In addition, the authentication application of modern analytical technology combined with chemometrics methods in four aspects, including origin, processing methods, cultivation methods, and adulteration of HMs have also been discussed and illustrated by a few typical studies. This article offers a general workflow of analytical methods that have been applied for HMs authentication and explains that the accuracy of authentication in favor of the quality assurance of HMs. It was provided reference value for the development and application of modern HMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlu Liu
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Zhitian Zuo
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Furong Xu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Yuanzhong Wang
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
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12
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Wang S, Xue Z, Huang X, Ma W, Yang D, Zhao L, Ouyang H, Chang Y, He J. Comparison of the chemical profile differences of Aster tataricus between raw and processed products by metabolomics coupled with chemometrics methods. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:3883-3897. [PMID: 34405960 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Aster tataricus, a traditional Chinese herb, has been used to treat cough and asthma for many years. Its raw and processed products have different pharmacological effects in clinical applications. To explore the chemical profile differences of components in A. tataricus processed with different methods, metabolomics methods based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were developed. Chemometrics strategy was applied to filter and screen the candidate compounds. The accuracy of differential markers was validated by back propagation neural network. The established methods showed that raw A. tataricus, honey-processed A. tataricus, vinegar-processed A. tataricus, and steamed A. tataricus were clearly divided into four groups, suggesting that the components were closely related to the processing methods. A total of 64 nonvolatile and 43 volatile compounds were identified in A. tataricus, and 22 nonvolatile and 12 volatile differential constituents were selected to distinguish the raw and processed A. tataricus. This study demonstrated that the metabolomics methods coupled with chemometrics were a comprehensive strategy to analyze the chemical profile differences and provided a reliable reference for quality evaluation of A. tataricus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songrui Wang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Zixiang Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Xuhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Wenjuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Dongyue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Lulu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Huizi Ouyang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Yanxu Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Jun He
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
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13
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Chen YH, Bi JH, Xie M, Zhang H, Shi ZQ, Guo H, Yin HB, Zhang JN, Xin GZ, Song HP. Classification-based strategies to simplify complex traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) researches through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in the last decade (2011-2020): Theory, technical route and difficulty. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1651:462307. [PMID: 34161837 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The difficulty of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) researches lies in the complexity of components, metabolites, and bioactivities. For a long time, there has been a lack of connections among the three parts, which is not conducive to the systematic elucidation of TCM effectiveness. To overcome this problem, a classification-based methodology for simplifying TCM researches was refined from literature in the past 10 years (2011-2020). The theoretical basis of this methodology is set theory, and its core concept is classification. Its starting point is that "although TCM may contain hundreds of compounds, the vast majority of these compounds are structurally similar". The methodology is composed by research strategies for components, metabolites and bioactivities of TCM, which are the three main parts of the review. Technical route, key steps and difficulty are introduced in each part. Two perspectives are highlighted in this review: set theory is a theoretical basis for all strategies from a conceptual perspective, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is a common tool for all strategies from a technical perspective. The significance of these strategies is to simplify complex TCM researches, integrate isolated TCM researches, and build a bridge between traditional medicines and modern medicines. Potential research hotspots in the future, such as discovery of bioactive ingredients from TCM metabolites, are also discussed. The classification-based methodology is a summary of research experience in the past 10 years. We believe it will definitely provide support and reference for the following TCM researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory for Identification and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Jing-Hua Bi
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Ming Xie
- Key Laboratory for Identification and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Identification and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Zi-Qi Shi
- Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Hua Guo
- Key Laboratory for Identification and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Hai-Bo Yin
- Key Laboratory for Identification and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Jia-Nuo Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Identification and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Gui-Zhong Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Hui-Peng Song
- Key Laboratory for Identification and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China.
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