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Zhang Y, Li J, Zhou Y, Zhang X, Liu X. Artificial Intelligence-Based Microfluidic Platform for Detecting Contaminants in Water: A Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:4350. [PMID: 39001129 PMCID: PMC11243966 DOI: 10.3390/s24134350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Water pollution greatly impacts humans and ecosystems, so a series of policies have been enacted to control it. The first step in performing pollution control is to detect contaminants in the water. Various methods have been proposed for water quality testing, such as spectroscopy, chromatography, and electrochemical techniques. However, traditional testing methods require the utilization of laboratory equipment, which is large and not suitable for real-time testing in the field. Microfluidic devices can overcome the limitations of traditional testing instruments and have become an efficient and convenient tool for water quality analysis. At the same time, artificial intelligence is an ideal means of recognizing, classifying, and predicting data obtained from microfluidic systems. Microfluidic devices based on artificial intelligence and machine learning are being developed with great significance for the next generation of water quality monitoring systems. This review begins with a brief introduction to the algorithms involved in artificial intelligence and the materials used in the fabrication and detection techniques of microfluidic platforms. Then, the latest research development of combining the two for pollutant detection in water bodies, including heavy metals, pesticides, micro- and nanoplastics, and microalgae, is mainly introduced. Finally, the challenges encountered and the future directions of detection methods based on industrial intelligence and microfluidic chips are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xianhua Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China; (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.)
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Zhang H, Yang DN, Zhu ZJ, Yang FQ. In situ synthesis of silver nanocomposites on paper substrate for the pre-concentration and determination of iron(III) ions. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Jiang T, Huang J, Ran G, Song Q, Wang C. A colorimetric and fluorometric dual-mode carbon dots probe derived from phenanthroline precursor for the selective detection of Fe 2+ and Fe 3. ANAL SCI 2023; 39:325-333. [PMID: 36539607 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-022-00236-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Iron's metabolism is heavily involved in the regulation of redox balance for cell functions, however, the simultaneous monitoring of Fe2+/3+ concentration is still a great challenge due to their transitional nature in biological systems. A novel type of carbon dots (CDs) was synthesized by solvothermal treatment with 5-amino-1,10-phenanthroline (Aphen) and salicylic acid as precursors, and the resulting targeted CDs (T-CDs) were used to simultaneously detect Fe2+ and Fe3+. Comprehensive experimental characterizations revealed that the strong binding affinity of Aphen moiety to Fe2+ leads to the formation of rigid T-CDs aggregates, which causes a substantial enhancement of fluorescence intensity, whereas Fe3+ could cause the fluorescence quenching of T-CDs due to the oxidation-reduction induced electron transfer. These different fluorescence responses allow T-CDs to sensitively differentiate Fe2+ from Fe3+, and give the limit of detection (LOD) of 1.78 and 2.78 μM for Fe2+ and Fe3+, respectively. Furthermore, the Aphen dominated structure endows the T-CDs with a colorimetric response to Fe2+ with a LOD of 0.13 μM, which is very different from Fe3+. Thus, the dynamic changes of Fe2+ and Fe3+ in solution can be accurately monitored by T-CDs within the total iron concentration of 50 μM, which is probably the most sensitive dual-mode probe reported so far. In addition, this probe is successfully applied to detect the Fe2+/3+ concentration in cells, demonstrating a huge application potential in the sensing of the dynamic equilibrium of these important transition metals during the cell metabolism or stimulated process. The dynamic changes of Fe2+ and Fe3+ in solution can be accurately monitored by carbon dots based on the colorimetric and fluorometric dual-mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jianfeng Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Guoxia Ran
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Qijun Song
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Chan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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Dortez S, Crevillen AG, Escarpa A. Integrated calibration and serum iron in situ analysis into an array microfluidic paper-based analytical device with smartphone readout. Talanta 2023; 253:123914. [PMID: 36103750 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a colorimetric microfluidic paper-based analytical device (μPAD) combined with a smartphone readout was proposed for the determination of serum iron (Fe3+), which is linked to transferrin. Firstly, Fe3+ was selectively isolated and preconcentrated from serum by using anti-transferrin immunomagnetic beads (anti-Tf-MBs). Secondly, Fe3+ is reduced to Fe2+ by a hydroxylamine solution (pH 4.8) and then measured in the μPAD, which contains the colorimetric reagent ferrozine. Finally, the intensity of the purple color formed in the μPAD was measured by a smartphone. The approach exhibited an excellent linear correlation (r = 0.996) and good limit of detection (0.3 μg mL-1). Moreover, a certified reference material (human serum) was analyzed by this approach, showing an excellent accuracy (Er < 4%) and inter-device reproducibility (RSD = 1%, n = 3). Interestingly, the μPAD array-design allowed the simultaneous analysis of different samples, improving the sample throughput (up to 5 samples in 130 min, using 100 μL each), and the integration of calibration and analysis into the same device, simplifying the analysis without losing accuracy or sensitivity, and avoiding inter-device variability, which constituted an added value to this approach. These disposable μPADs meet several requirements of point-of-care testing (POCT) because it is cheap, portable, easy-to-use, sensitive, and specific. Therefore, it may be an interesting way for measuring patients' serum iron levels in situ with reliability, especially, in developing countries, where the prevalence of iron deficiency and iron-deficiency anemia is higher and there are lower health resources than in developed countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Dortez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcala, E-28871, Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Agustín G Crevillen
- Department of Analytical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), E-28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alberto Escarpa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcala, E-28871, Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Chemical Research Institute "Andrés M. Del Río" (IQAR), University of Alcala, E-28805, Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
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Targeting iron speciation in wines: design of a microfluidic paper-based device for determination of iron(II) and iron(III). Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Nimbkar S, Leena MM, Moses JA, Anandharamakrishnan C. Microfluidic assessment of nutritional biomarkers: Concepts, approaches and advances. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:5113-5127. [PMID: 36503314 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2150597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Among various approaches to understand the health status of an individual, nutritional biomarkers can provide valuable information, particularly in terms of deficiencies, if any, and their severity. Commonly, the approach revolves around molecular sciences, and the information gained can support prognosis, diagnosis, remediation, and impact assessment of therapies. Microfluidic platforms can offer benefits of low sample and reagent requirements, low cost, high precision, and lower detection limits, with simplicity in handling and the provision for complete automation and integration with information and communication technologies (ICTs). While several advances are being made, this work details the underlying concepts, with emphasis on different point-of-care devices for the analysis of macro and micronutrient biomarkers. In addition, the scope of using different wearable microfluidic sensors for real-time and noninvasive determination of biomarkers is detailed. While several challenges remain, a strong focus is given on recent advances, presenting the state-of-the-art of this field. With more such biomarkers being discovered and commercialization-driven research, trends indicate the wide prospects of this advancing field in supporting clinicians, food technologists, nutritionists, and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Nimbkar
- Computational Modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit, National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management, Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Maria Leena
- Computational Modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit, National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management, Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jeyan Arthur Moses
- Computational Modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit, National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management, Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chinnaswamy Anandharamakrishnan
- Computational Modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit, National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management, Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
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Martínez-Pérez-Cejuela H, Mesquita RB, Couto JA, Simó-Alfonso E, Herrero-Martínez J, Rangel AOS. Design of a microfluidic paper-based device for the quantification of phenolic compounds in wine samples. Talanta 2022; 250:123747. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Aguiar JI, Silva MT, Ferreira HA, Pinto EC, Vasconcelos MW, Rangel AO, Mesquita RB. Development of a microfluidic paper-based analytical device for magnesium determination in saliva samples. TALANTA OPEN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talo.2022.100135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Mollaie E, Asiaei S, Aryan H. Nitrite enhanced detection from saliva by simple geometrical modifications of paper-based micromixers. MICROFLUIDICS AND NANOFLUIDICS 2022; 26:88. [PMID: 36246785 PMCID: PMC9554860 DOI: 10.1007/s10404-022-02596-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of nitric oxide (NO) and it's two relatively stable metabolites, nitrite, and nitrate, in SARS-CoV-2, are reported in infected populations, especially for nitrates levels > 68.4 μmol/L. In this paper, we measure the abnormal presence of nitrite in the saliva by developing a cheap μPAD for colorimetric detection through the modified Griess reaction. This includes a diazotization reaction between nitrite and Griess reagent, including Sulfanilamide and N-Naphthyl-ethylenediamine in an acidic medium, causing a pink Azo compound. The modifications are suggested by a numerical method model that couples the mass flux with the porosity medium equations (convection, diffusion and, dispersion) that improves the mixing process. The mixing index was quantified from the concentration deviation method via simulation of a homogeneous two-phase flow in a porous environment. Five μPAD designs were fabricated to verify the simulation results of mixing enhancement on the Griess reactants in saliva samples. The investigated geometries include straight, helical, zig-zag, square wave, and inclined jagged shapes fabricated by direct laser writing, suitable for low cost, mass fabrication. Inclined jagged micromixer exhibited the best performance with up to 40% improvement compared with the simple straight geometry. Deliberate geometrical modifications, exemplified here in a jagged micromixer on paper, cut the limit of detection (LOD) by at least half without impacting the linear detection range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Mollaie
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sasan Asiaei
- Sensors and Integrated Bio-Microfluidics/MEMS Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hiwa Aryan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
- Clinical Research Development Center of Imam Khomeini and Mohammad Kermanshahi and Farabi Hospitals, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Hybrid 3D printed integrated microdevice for the determination of copper ions in human body fluids. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:4047-4057. [PMID: 35396610 PMCID: PMC8993678 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04049-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
On-site screening of copper ions in body fluid plays a critical role in monitoring human health, especially in heavy pollution areas. In this study, we have developed a hybrid 3D printed integrated microdevice for the determination of copper ions in human body fluids. A fixed and low volume of sample was detected by using the integrated microdevice without any preprocessing. The hybrid channel enables sample uniform mixing and quantitative dilution with buffer solution by inducing the “horseshoe vortex” phenomenon. The electrolytic microcell based on the flow detection system shows a more effective copper ion reaction ratio and, as a result, a better sensitivity. The simulation of the finite element method (FEM) determined the relevant optimum parameters of the hybrid channel and the microcell. The design, fabrication, and detection procedure of the integrated microdevice are here illustrated. The microdevice presented superior detection properties towards copper ions. The calibration curves covered two linear ranges varying from 20 to 100 ppb and 100 to 400 ppb, respectively. The limit of detection was estimated to be 15 ppb (S/N = 3). The relative standard deviation of the peak current measurements was 2.26%. The designed microdevice was further applied to detect copper ions in practical samples (calf serum sample and synthetic human urine sample) using a standard addition method, and the average recovery was found to be 95–104%. The performance of copper ion detection with the integrated microdevice was consistent with that of the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in the same practical samples, demonstrating significant practicality in the test of body fluidics. The portable integrated microdevice is an excellent choice for on-site detection and has a promising prospect in the point-of-care testing (POCT) applications.
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