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Weng CY, Chang TC, Liou JY, Hsu JH, Ho CC, Arrokhman S, Lin P. Evaluating the embryotoxicity of benzophenone-based photoinitiators in stem cells and zebrafish embryos. Toxicology 2024; 508:153930. [PMID: 39159712 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2024.153930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Benzophenones (BPs) are widely used as photoinitiators (PIs) or printing inks in food packaging, which may migrate into foods. However, the toxicity information of some BP analogues, such as 4,4'-bis(diethylamino)-benzophenone (DEAB), 4-phenylbenzophenone (4-PBP), 4 (hydroxymethyl)benzophenone (4-HMBP), those are used as PIs is lacking. Developmental toxicity is a health concern associated with PIs exposure. Recently, alternative non-in vivo methods have been proposed to evaluate the concerned chemicals or better understand the modes of action of certain toxicological endpoints. In this study, using in silico methods, we predicted that BP, DEAB, 4-PBP and 4-HMBP might exhibit developmental toxicity. However, we found that only DEAB is strong embryotoxic and disturbs the early differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells into three germ layers and cardiomyocytes. DEAB treatment also prevented cardiomyocyte differentiation in human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) on day 10. However, BP, 4-PBP and 4-HMBP had no similar effects on cardiomyocyte differentiation on day 10. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that treatment with DEAB significantly decreased the mRNA levels of differentiation-related transcription factors SOX17 and FOXA1, in hiPSCs on day 4. Furthermore, DEAB treatment caused tail malformations and yolk sac edema in zebrafish embryos. To conclude, DEAB may be embryotoxic because it disturbs the early differentiation of stem cells. Further studies are warranted to better understand the health effects of DEAB exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yi Weng
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ching Chang
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Yang Liou
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Hsin Hsu
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chi Ho
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Salim Arrokhman
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Pinpin Lin
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan.
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2
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Gamil M, El Zahar NM, Magdy N, El-Kosasy AM. Green, bioanalytically validated chromatographic method for the determination and quantification of photoinitiators in saliva in contact with baby bibs, teethers and pacifiers. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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3
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Peng Y, Zhang J, Peng C, Bai F, Hou R, Cai H. Real-time and in situ monitoring of Irgacure 907 penetration into food plastic packaging through surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Food Packag Shelf Life 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2022.100853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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4
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Huang YF, Huang JJ, Liu XR. Development and Validation of Benzophenone Derivatives in Packaged Cereal-Based Foods by Solid-Liquid Extraction and Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Foods 2022; 11:1362. [PMID: 35564085 PMCID: PMC9103691 DOI: 10.3390/foods11091362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We established and validated a sensitive multi-residue analytical method for identifying benzophenone (BP) and nine BP derivatives (2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone [BP-1], 2,2′,4,4′-tetrahydroxydroxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy benzophenone, 2,2′-dihydroxy 4-methoxy benzophenone, 2-hydroxybenzophenone [2-OHBP], 4-hydroxybenzophenone, 4-methylbenzophenone [4-MBP], methyl-2-benzoylbenzoate, and 4-benzoylbiphenyl). Solid−liquid extraction pretreatment and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography−tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC−MS/MS) were employed in an analysis of 85 packaged cereal-based food samples (25 pastry, 50 rice, and 10 noodle samples). The method had satisfactory linearity (R2 ≥ 0.995), low limits of detection (pastry: 0.02−4.2 ng/g; rice and noodle: 0.02−2 ng/g), and favorable precision, with within-run and between-run coefficient of variation ranges of 1−29% and 1−28%, respectively. BP and 4-MBP were detected in 100% of the pastry samples, and BP-1 and 2-OHBP were found in 76% and 56% of the pastry samples, respectively. BP and 2-OHBP were found in 92% and 38% of the rice samples, respectively. BP was found in 50% of the noodle samples. BP contributed the most to the total level of BPs in pastries, with significantly higher mean ± standard deviation (range) levels for pastries (26.8 ± 32.6 [1.8−115.4] ng/g) than rice (1.2 ± 2.0 [0.4−13.4] ng/g) and noodles (0.7 ± 0.7 [0.4−1.9] ng/g); p < 0.0001). The trace levels of 4-MBP identified in the samples demonstrate the need for the development of analytical methods with high sensitivity and specificity; the proposed method satisfies this need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fang Huang
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National United University, Miaoli 36063, Taiwan; (J.-J.H.); (X.-R.L.)
- Center for Chemical Hazards and Environmental Health Risk Research, National United University, Miaoli 36063, Taiwan
- Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Jie Huang
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National United University, Miaoli 36063, Taiwan; (J.-J.H.); (X.-R.L.)
| | - Xuan-Rui Liu
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National United University, Miaoli 36063, Taiwan; (J.-J.H.); (X.-R.L.)
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5
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Determining the trace-level photoinitiators in juices and milk from various types of packages in Taiwan by a micro-QuEChERS-based UPLC-MS/MS. Food Chem 2022; 388:132929. [PMID: 35447581 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The distribution of 16 photoinitiators (PIs)-benzophenone (BP) and its five derivatives, 4-methylbenzophenone (4-MBP), methyl-2-benzoylbenzoate (M2BB), 2-ethylhexyl-4-dimethylaminobenzoate (EHDAB), and the other 7 PIs-in packaged juice and milk was assessed using an UPLC-MS/MS with micro-QuEChERS. The validated method demonstrated robust linearity (≥0.9908), LOQs (juice: 0.006-7.26 ng/mL; milk: 0.004-7.14 ng/mL), intra- and inter-day accuracy (93.1%-110.1% for juice and 66.8%-114.6% for milk with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of ≤16.8%), and matrix effect with RSDs of ≤14.8%. BP exceeded the LOQ in 100% of 136 packaged juice (14.22 ± 7.60 ng/mL) and 51 milk (8.45 ± 3.25 ng/mL) samples, and the quantitation rates for M2BB and EHDAB in packaged juice were 100%. Notably, the 4-MBP in both juice and milk was significantly related to the packaging material. The method has been successfully applied to evaluate the occurrence and distribution of PIs in packaged juice and milk.
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6
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Chen ML, Chen CH, Huang YF, Chen HC, Chang JW. Cumulative Dietary Risk Assessment of Benzophenone-Type Photoinitiators from Packaged Foodstuffs. Foods 2022; 11:152. [PMID: 35053884 PMCID: PMC8774600 DOI: 10.3390/foods11020152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Photoinitiators used in ultraviolet-cured ink may migrate from food packaging materials into food products. Therefore, we conducted a dietary risk assessment of exposure to benzophenone (BP)-type photoinitiators by quantifying and reducing uncertainties associated with the risk characterization. A total of 362 food packaging samples including 180 cereals, 136 fruit and vegetable juices, and 46 milk samples were subjected to fast pesticides extraction to determine photoinitiator residues. The average daily dose (ADD) of BP was the highest in the age group of zero to three years, with a P97.5 ADD of 2.56 × 10-4 mg/kg bw/day. The ADD of 2-hydroxybenzophenone (2-OHBP) was the highest in the age group of three to six years, with a P97.5 UB ADD of 3.52 × 10-5 mg/kg bw/day. The estimated UB P97.5 ADD for each age group was below the toxicological concern threshold of 0.0015 mg/kg bw/day. The cumulative toxicity of all BPs, evaluated using the MOET value, was at an acceptable level. Although the MOET value of BPs was above the safety limit in the foodstuffs studied herein, this result may be different if Taiwan were to follow regulation guidelines for BP-type photoinitiators based on the specific migration limit for the unmeasured BP residues in other foodstuffs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Lien Chen
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Campus of Hsinchu, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan;
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Campus of Taipei, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsien Chen
- Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Fang Huang
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National United University, Miaoli 36063, Taiwan;
| | - Hsin-Chang Chen
- Institute of Food Safety and Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan;
| | - Jung-Wei Chang
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Campus of Hsinchu, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan;
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Campus of Taipei, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
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7
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Grob K. How to make the use of recycled paperboard fit for food contact? A contribution to the discussion. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2021; 39:198-213. [PMID: 34525320 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2021.1977853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Recycled paperboard contains hundreds of non-evaluated or even unidentified substances that could endanger human health if they turn out to be highly toxic. It seems as unrealistic to evaluate each of them as it is to phase out the use of the problematic ones or sort out the papers and boards introducing them into the recyclate. Therefore, measures should be taken that generally reduce migration into food, such as functional barriers or functional sorbents. A general approach is used for the recycling of plastics, particularly poly(ethylene terephthalate), PET: as not every potential contaminant can be regulated, a pragmatic approach is applied, for PET mainly on the required decontamination efficiency. Criteria are required on the required efficacy of the measures to be taken. Recycled paperboard is used for various types of food contact: mostly contact is through the gas phase (evaporation and recondensation), often indirect through other layers (e.g. internal bags or for transport boxes), seldom in wetting contact. Numerous factors have to be considered. For typical folding boxes and at least strongly dominating gas phase contact, it was proposed that no more than 1% of each contaminant in the recycled paperboard should enter the food. The efficiency of the measures required to comply with this criterion depends on the application. The three main measures are reviewed with regard to this criterion: (i) internal bags with an incorporated functional barrier (successfully used for some time), (ii) a barrier layer on the internal wall of the box (for which the design of the closures might be most critical) and (iii) functional sorbents added to the paperboard (for which the sorbent capacity is critical). For transport boxes, commonly of corrugated board (quantitatively the most important use of recycled paperboard in food contact), an adjusted or different criterion is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koni Grob
- Retired from Kantonales Labor Zürich (Official Food Control Authority of the Canton of Zurich), Zurich, Switzerland
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8
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Peñalver R, Arroyo-Manzanares N, Campillo N, Viñas P. Targeted and untargeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of honey samples for determination of migrants from plastic packages. Food Chem 2020; 334:127547. [PMID: 32693334 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Plastic food packages usually contain additives which may migrate from the package into the food and then be ingested by the consumer, representing a risk for their health. In this study, targeted and untargeted analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is proposed to monitor any contaminants of this type in honey. The application of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) as a preconcentration technique allowed very low detection limits to be reached for all the substances. Fifteen target compounds, including styrene, phthalates, fatty acids, alkylphenols and bisphenol A, were quantified. Untargeted analyses were also carried out, allowing other migrants in the honey samples to be identified, such as two phthalates, four acids, three esters, one aldehyde, one hydrocarbon and two alkyl phenol compounds. The proposed method was seen to be a useful approach for the quantification and identification of potential migrants from plastics in challenging samples such as honey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Peñalver
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Natalia Arroyo-Manzanares
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Natalia Campillo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Pilar Viñas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain.
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9
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Huang C, Dang X, Bei R, Zhao Y, Li C, Chen Q, Wang S. Effect of SiOx layer on preventing the migration of plasticizer and antioxidant from polyethylene terephthalate films. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-019-00688-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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10
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García Ibarra V, Rodríguez Bernaldo de Quirós A, Paseiro Losada P, Sendón R. Identification of intentionally and non-intentionally added substances in plastic packaging materials and their migration into food products. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:3789-3803. [PMID: 29732500 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1058-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Plastic materials are widely used in food packaging applications; however, there is increased concern because of the possible release of undesirable components into foodstuffs. Migration of plastic constituents not only has the potential to affect product quality but also constitutes a risk to consumer health. In order to check the safety of food contact materials, analytical methodologies to identify potential migrants are required. In the first part of this work, a GC/MS screening method was developed for the identification of components from plastic packaging materials including intentionally and "non-intentionally added substances" (NIAS) as potential migrants. In the second part of this study, the presence of seven compounds (bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC), benzophenone (BP)) previously identified in packaging materials were investigated in food products (corn and potatoes snacks, cookies, and cakes). For this purpose, a suitable extraction method was developed and quantification was performed using GC-MS. The developed method was validated in terms of linearity, recovery, repeatability, and limits of detection and quantification. The spiked recoveries varied between 82.7 and 116.1%, and relative standard deviation (RSD) was in the range of 2.22-15.9%. The plasticizer ATBC was the most detected compound (94% samples), followed by DEP (65%), DEHP (47%), BP (44%), DBP (35%), DIBP (21%), and BHT (12%). Regarding phthalates, DEP and DEHP were the most frequently detected compounds in concentrations up to 1.44 μg g-1. In some samples, only DBP exceeded the European SML of 0.3 mg kg-1 established in Regulation 10/2011. Graphical abstract Chemical migration from plastic packaging into food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica García Ibarra
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Rodríguez Bernaldo de Quirós
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Perfecto Paseiro Losada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Raquel Sendón
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Maes C, Luyten W, Herremans G, Peeters R, Carleer R, Buntinx M. Recent Updates on the Barrier Properties of Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol Copolymer (EVOH): A Review. POLYM REV 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2017.1394323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Maes
- Kuraray–Eval Europe NV, Haven 1053 Nieuwe Weg 1, Bus 10, Zwijndrecht, Belgium
- Hasselt University, Packaging Technology Center IMO-IMOMEC, Wetenschapspark 27, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Wout Luyten
- Kuraray–Eval Europe NV, Haven 1053 Nieuwe Weg 1, Bus 10, Zwijndrecht, Belgium
| | - Geert Herremans
- Kuraray–Eval Europe NV, Haven 1053 Nieuwe Weg 1, Bus 10, Zwijndrecht, Belgium
| | - Roos Peeters
- Hasselt University, Packaging Technology Center IMO-IMOMEC, Wetenschapspark 27, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Robert Carleer
- Hasselt University, Applied and Analytical Chemistry IMO-IMOMEC, Agoralaan Building D, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Mieke Buntinx
- Hasselt University, Packaging Technology Center IMO-IMOMEC, Wetenschapspark 27, Diepenbeek, Belgium
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12
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Roth M, Hennen D, Oesterreicher A, Mostegel FH, Kappaun S, Edler M, Griesser T. Exploring functionalized benzophenones as low-migration photoinitiators for vinyl carbonate/thiol formulations. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Tang Y, Zhang Y, Yang J, Nie J. Synthesis and characteristics of photopolymerized benzophenone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunhui Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxuan Zhang
- Changzhou Advanced Materials Research Institute, Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Changzhou 213164 People's Republic of China
| | - Jinliang Yang
- Changzhou Advanced Materials Research Institute, Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Changzhou 213164 People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
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Liu R, Lin Y, Hu F, Liu R, Ruan T, Jiang G. Observation of Emerging Photoinitiator Additives in Household Environment and Sewage Sludge in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:97-104. [PMID: 26649800 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b04977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Photoinitiators (PIs) are widely used additives in industrial polymerization process, the contamination of which through migration into foodstuffs has been subjected to increasing public scrutiny. Nevertheless, little attention has been paid to the PI residue levels and potential exposure pathways from other environmental compartments. In the present study, the occurrence of PI additives with discrete molecular structures, that is, nine benzophenones (BZPs), four thioxanthones (TXs), and eight amine co-initiators (ACIs), was investigated in commercial products, indoor dust and sewage sludge samples. Nine PI compounds were positively detected in ultraviolet curable resins with concentrations of ∑PIs (sum of the detected PIs) up to 2.51 × 10(4) ng/g, and 20 PIs can be found in food contact materials with concentrations of ∑PIs varying from 65.9 to 6.93 × 10(3) ng/g. The wide usage of PIs in commercial products led to the occurrence of 19 PIs in indoor dust, with concentrations of ∑PIs in the range of 245-5.68 × 10(3) ng/g. Meanwhile, all 21 targeted PIs could be identified in the sewage sludge, with concentrations from 67.6 to 2.03 × 10(3) ng/g. Distinct PI composition profiles were observed in different investigated compartments, and BZPs were the dominant homologues in all samples. Most of the target PIs were further identified as class III chemicals by toxic hazard estimation algorithm (Toxtree), which indicates the compounds might be of significant toxicity or have reactive functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runzeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, China , 100085
| | - Yongfeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, China , 100085
| | - Fanbao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, China , 100085
| | - Ruirui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, China , 100085
| | - Ting Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, China , 100085
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, China , 100085
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15
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Kawasaki Y, Sendo T. [Development of injection containers for patient and medical staff]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2015; 135:255-62. [PMID: 25747222 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.14-00228-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recently, there has been a transition from glass to plastic injection containers in Japan. In our previous study, we suggested that plastic containers had less impurity contamination than glass containers. However, the use of some plasticizers has been limited because of their endocrine disrupting effects. Therefore, contamination has been a concern due to chemicals in injection solution packed with plastic containers. Indeed, in our recent study, photoinitiators were detected in an injection solution coming from plastic containers. Photoinitiators mainly exist in ink. We therefore speculated that ink originating from a photoinitiator directly printing on plastic containers had migrated into the injection solutions. In a clinical setting, plastic containers are very tractable because they are lightweight and less breakable. On the other hand, from a safety view point, these containers may be hazardous because of permeation by steam, ambient air or photoinitiators. In the present symposium, we will discuss the risk of photoinitiators leaking into injection solution packed with plastic containers, and countermeasures to avoid this risk.
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16
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17
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Lago MA, Rodríguez-Bernaldo de Quirós A, Sendón R, Bustos J, Santillana MI, Paseiro P. Simultaneous chromatographic analysis of photoinitiators and amine synergists in food contact materials. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:4251-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-7792-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Suciu NA, Tiberto F, Vasileiadis S, Lamastra L, Trevisan M. Recycled paper–paperboard for food contact materials: Contaminants suspected and migration into foods and food simulant. Food Chem 2013; 141:4146-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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HS-SPME/GC-MS Method to Characterise the Flavour of Italian Pasta: Potential Application to Assess the Quality of the Products. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-013-9599-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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20
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Xiao P, Dumur F, Frigoli M, Tehfe MA, Graff B, Fouassier JP, Gigmes D, Lalevée J. Naphthalimide based methacrylated photoinitiators in radical and cationic photopolymerization under visible light. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py00766a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Li H, Guan H, Dai H, Tong Y, Zhao X, Qi W, Majeed S, Xu G. An amperometric sensor for the determination of benzophenone in food packaging materials based on the electropolymerized molecularly imprinted poly-o-phenylenediamine film. Talanta 2012; 99:811-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Revised: 07/08/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Muncke J. Endocrine disrupting chemicals and other substances of concern in food contact materials: an updated review of exposure, effect and risk assessment. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2011; 127:118-27. [PMID: 21073950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2010.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2010] [Revised: 10/11/2010] [Accepted: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Food contact materials (FCM) are an underestimated source of chemical food contaminants and a potentially relevant route of human exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Quantifying the exposure of the general population to substances from FCM relies on estimates of food consumption and leaching into food. Recent studies using polycarbonate plastics show that food simulants do not always predict worst-case leaching of bisphenol A, a common FCM substance. Also, exposure of children to FCM substances is not always realistically predicted using the common conventions and thus possibly misjudged. Further, the exposure of the whole population to substances leaching into dry foods is underestimated. Consumers are exposed to low levels of substances from FCM across their entire lives. Effects of these compounds currently are assessed with a focus on mutagenicity and genotoxicity. This approach however neglects integrating recent new toxicological findings, like endocrine disruption, mixture toxicity, and developmental toxicity. According to these new toxicology paradigms women of childbearing age and during pregnancy are a new sensitive population group requiring more attention. Furthermore, in overweight and obese persons a change in the metabolism of xenobiotics is observed, possibly implying that this group of consumers is insufficiently protected by current risk assessment practice. Innovations in FCM risk assessment should therefore include routine testing for EDCs and an assessment of the whole migrate toxicity of a food packaging, taking into account all sensitive population groups. In this article I focus on recent issues of interest concerning either exposure to or effects of FCM-related substances. Further, I review the use of benzophenones and organotins, two groups of known or suspected EDCs, in FCM authorized in the US and EU.
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Lin QB, Wang TJ, Song H, Wang RZ. Kinetic migration of isothiazolinone biocides from paper packaging to Tenax and Porapak. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2011; 28:1294-301. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2011.584071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Q.-B. Lin
- a Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University , Taiyuan 030006 , China
| | - T.-J. Wang
- a Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University , Taiyuan 030006 , China
| | - H. Song
- b Shanxi Border Inspection and Quarantine Bureau , Taiyuan 030024 , China
| | - R.-Z. Wang
- c Shanxi Analysis Centre , Taiyuan 030006 , China
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Lin F, Song S, Liu L, Kuang H, Wang L, Xu C. Development of the detection of benzophenone in recycled paper packaging materials by ELISA. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2010.523781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Lin
- a School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Road, 214122, Wuxi, China
| | - Shanshan Song
- a School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Road, 214122, Wuxi, China
| | - Liqiang Liu
- a School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Road, 214122, Wuxi, China
| | - Hua Kuang
- a School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Road, 214122, Wuxi, China
- b State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Road, 214122, Wuxi, China
| | - Libing Wang
- c Human Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau , Changsha, 410001, PR China
| | - Chuanlai Xu
- a School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Road, 214122, Wuxi, China
- b State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Road, 214122, Wuxi, China
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Koivikko R, Pastorelli S, Rodríguez-Bernaldo de Quirós A, Paseiro-Cerrato R, Paseiro-Losada P, Simoneau C. Rapid multi-analyte quantification of benzophenone, 4-methylbenzophenone and related derivatives from paperboard food packaging. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2010; 27:1478-86. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2010.502130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Zülch A, Piringer O. Measurement and modelling of migration from paper and board into foodstuffs and dry food simulants. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2010; 27:1306-24. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2010.483693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Jung T, Simat T, Altkofer W. Mass transfer ways of ultraviolet printing ink ingredients into foodstuffs. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2010; 27:1040-9. [DOI: 10.1080/19440041003596543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Van Hoeck E, De Schaetzen T, Pacquet C, Bolle F, Boxus L, Van Loco J. Analysis of benzophenone and 4-methylbenzophenone in breakfast cereals using ultrasonic extraction in combination with gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (GC–MS ). Anal Chim Acta 2010; 663:55-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2009] [Revised: 01/21/2010] [Accepted: 01/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Gärtner S, Balski M, Koch M, Nehls I. Analysis and migration of phthalates in infant food packed in recycled paperboard. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:10675-10681. [PMID: 19877638 DOI: 10.1021/jf902683m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of infant food with substances from its packaging due to migration processes is still a problem. Most recently, great attention was paid to the migration of epoxidized soybean oil (ESBO) and phthalates from twist-off closures into baby food packed in glass jars. Besides, packaging made of recycled fiber materials such as paper and paperboard were found to be the source of contaminants in dry and powdery foodstuffs such as sugar, rice, and maize flour. In this study 20 infant food samples packed in recycled paperboard containers were tested for phthalates and diisopropyl naphthalenes (DIPN), known incorporated substances in recycled paper. Furthermore, the barrier function of different secondary packaging materials (paper and aluminum-coated foil) was investigated. The highest contents of phthalates (mainly diisobutyl phthalate, DiBP) and DIPN in infant food samples were found for those foods packed in inner bags made of paper. Migration experiments were performed under authentic conditions to evaluate possible transfer mechanism (gas phase, direct contact) of phthalate esters into foodstuff. It is shown that paper does not provide an appropriate barrier against migration of semipolar compounds such as phthalates. The air space itself otherwise effectively prevents migration of the less volatile phthalates under the applied conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Gärtner
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstaetter-Strasse 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
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