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Andrade MA, Barbosa CH, Mariño-Cortegoso S, Barbosa-Pereira L, Sendón R, Buonocore GG, Stanzione M, Coelho A, Correia CB, Saraiva M, Quirós ARBD, Vilarinho F, Khwaldia K, Silva AS, Ramos F. LDPE and PLA Active Food Packaging Incorporated with Lemon by-Products Extract: Preparation, Characterization and Effectiveness to Delay Lipid Oxidation in Almonds and Beef Meat. Foods 2023; 12:2450. [PMID: 37444188 DOI: 10.3390/foods12132450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-density polyethylene-based packaging with 4% lemon extract (LDPE/4LE) and two polylactic-based (PLA) packaging materials with 4% and 6% lemon extract (PLA/PEG/4LE and PLA/6LE) were produced. O2 and water permeability tests were performed, the total and individual phenolic compounds content were measured, and the films' antioxidant activities were determined. The films' ability to delay lipid oxidation was tested in two model foods: almonds, packaged with LDPE/4LE, PLA/4LE and PLA/6LE for a maximum period of 60 days at 40 °C (accelerated assay); and beef meat, packaged with the PLA/6LE for a maximum period of 11 days at 4 °C. The LE improved the WVP in all of the active films by 33%, 20% and 60% for the LDPE/4LE, PLA/4LE and PLA/6LE films, respectively. At the end of 10 days, the migration of phenolic compounds through the PLA films was measured to be 142.27 and 114.9 μg/dm2 for the PLA/4LE and PLA/6LE films, respectively, and was significantly higher than phenolic compounds migration measured for the LDPE/4LE (15.97 μg/dm2). Naringenin, apigenin, ferulic acid, eriocitrin, hesperidin and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid were the main identified compounds in the PLA, but only 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, naringenin and p-coumaric acid were identified in the LDPE films. Regarding the films' ability to delay lipid oxidation, LDPE/4LE presented the best results, showing a capacity to delay lipid oxidation in almonds for 30 days. When applied to raw beef meat, the PLA/6LE packaging was able to significantly inhibit lipid oxidation for 6 days, and successfully inhibited total microorganisms' growth until the 8th day of storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana A Andrade
- Department of Food and Nutrition, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry of the Network of Chemistry and Technology (REQUIMTE/LAQV), R. D. Manuel II, Apartado, 55142 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cássia H Barbosa
- Department of Food and Nutrition, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Mechanical Engineering and Resource Sustainability Center (METRICS), Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Campus de Caparica, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Sandra Mariño-Cortegoso
- Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science Department, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Letricia Barbosa-Pereira
- Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science Department, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Raquel Sendón
- Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science Department, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Giovanna G Buonocore
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB-CNR), Portici, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Mariamelia Stanzione
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB-CNR), Portici, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Anabela Coelho
- Department of Food and Nutrition, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cristina Belo Correia
- Department of Food and Nutrition, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Margarida Saraiva
- Department of Food and Nutrition, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Rodríguez-Bernaldo de Quirós
- Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science Department, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Fernanda Vilarinho
- Department of Food and Nutrition, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Khaoula Khwaldia
- Laboratoire des Substances Naturelles, Institut National de Recherche et d'Analyse Physico-Chimique (INRAP), Pôle Technologique de Sidi Thabet, Sidi Thabet 2020, Tunisia
| | - Ana Sanches Silva
- National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P., Rua dos Lagidos, Lugar da Madalena, Vairão, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal
- Center for Study in Animal Science (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente (ICETA), University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Ramos
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry of the Network of Chemistry and Technology (REQUIMTE/LAQV), R. D. Manuel II, Apartado, 55142 Porto, Portugal
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Lestido-Cardama A, Barbosa-Pereira L, Sendón R, Paseiro Losada P, Rodríguez Bernaldo de Quirós A. Migration of Dihydroxy Alkylamines and Their Possible Impurities from Packaging into Foods and Food Simulants: Analysis and Safety Evaluation. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2656. [PMID: 37376302 DOI: 10.3390/polym15122656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alkyl diethanolamines are a group of compounds commonly used as antistatic agents in plastic food packaging materials. These additives and their possible impurities have the ability to transfer into the food; hence, the consumer may be exposed to these chemicals. Recently, scientific evidence of unknown adverse effects associated with these compounds was reported. N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)alkyl (C8-C18) amines as well as other related compounds and their possible impurities were analyzed in different plastic packaging materials and coffee capsules using target and non-target LC-MS methods. N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)alkyl amines, precisely, C12, C13, C14, C15, C16, C17 and C18, 2-(octadecylamino)ethanol and octadecylamine, among others, were identified in most of the analyzed samples. It should be emphasized that the latter compounds are not listed in the European Regulation 10/2011 and 2-(octadecylamino)ethanol was classified as high toxicity according to Cramer rules. Migration tests were carried out in foods and in the food simulants Tenax and 20% ethanol (v/v). The results showed that stearyldiethanolamine migrated into the tomato, salty biscuits, salad and Tenax. Lastly, as a crucial step in the risk assessment process, the dietary exposure to stearyldiethanolamine transferred from the food packaging into the food was determined. The estimated values ranged from 0.0005 to 0.0026 µg/kg bw/day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antía Lestido-Cardama
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Letricia Barbosa-Pereira
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Raquel Sendón
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Perfecto Paseiro Losada
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Rodríguez Bernaldo de Quirós
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Vázquez Loureiro P, Lestido-Cardama A, Sendón R, Bustos J, Paseiro Losada P, Rodríguez Bernaldo de Quirós A. Identification of potential migrants from epoxy and organosol coatings used in metal food cans. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2023; 40:597-611. [PMID: 36862850 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2023.2183051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
The coatings of metal cans may release complex mixtures of migrants into the contained foods, including non-intentionally added substances (NIAS), such as reaction products. All migrating substances should be studied to demonstrate their safety. In this work, the characterisation of two epoxy and organosol coatings was performed using several techniques. Firstly, the type of coating was identified using FTIR-ATR. Screening techniques based on purge and trap (P&T) and solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled to GC-MS were used to investigate volatiles from coatings. For the identification of semi-volatile compounds, an appropriate extraction was performed before analysis by GC-MS. The most abundant substances were compounds with at least one benzene ring and an aldehyde or alcohol group in their structures. Furthermore, a method to quantify some of the identified volatiles was explored. Secondly, HPLC with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD) was used to determine non-volatile compounds such as bisphenol analogues and bisphenol A diglycidyl ethers (BADGEs), with subsequent confirmation by LC-MS/MS. Additionally, migration assays were performed by this technique to determine non-volatile compounds migrating into food simulants. Bisphenol A (BPA) and all BADGE derivatives except BADGE.HCl were detected in the migration extracts. Moreover, BADGE-solvent complexes such as BADGE.H2O.BuEtOH, BADGE.2BuEtOH, etc. were also tentatively identified using the accurate mass provided by time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF-MS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Vázquez Loureiro
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Antía Lestido-Cardama
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Raquel Sendón
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Juana Bustos
- National Food Center, Spanish Agency of Food Safety and Nutrition, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Perfecto Paseiro Losada
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Rodríguez Bernaldo de Quirós
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Custodio-Mendoza JA, Sendón R, de Quirós ARB, Lorenzo RA, Carro AM. Development of a QuEChERS method for simultaneous analysis of 3-Monochloropropane-1,2-diol monoesters and Glycidyl esters in edible oils and margarine by LC-APCI-MS/MS. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1239:340712. [PMID: 36628717 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A simple, fast and effective direct method based on HPLC-APCI-QqQ-MS/MS has been developed to simultaneously determine four 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol monoesters (3-MCPDE) esterified with palmitic, linoleic, stearic, and oleic acid, and two glycidyl esters (GE) with palmitic and oleic acid in margarine and olive oil using a QuEChERS approach. Factors affecting the efficiency of the extraction process were assessed, including type and amount of salt, extraction solvent, test portion amount, and clean-up sorbent. The analytical method was validated according to Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidelines using matrix-matched calibration with internal standards and showed good results in terms of linearity (r2 > 0.9992), accuracy (80<Recovery<120%), and precision (RSD<15%). The method was successfully applied for the first time to 11 margarine samples for simultaneous analysis of 3-MCPDE and GE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Custodio-Mendoza
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Raquel Sendón
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Rodríguez-Bernaldo de Quirós
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rosa A Lorenzo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Antonia M Carro
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Instituto de Materiais (iMATUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Lestido-Cardama A, Paseiro-Cerrato R, Ackerman L, Sendón R, de Quirós ARB. Determination of BFRs in food contact articles: An analytical approach using DART-HRMS, XFR and HPLC-MS/MS. Food Packag Shelf Life 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2022.100883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lestido-Cardama A, Sendón R, Bustos J, Nieto MT, Paseiro-Losada P, Rodríguez-Bernaldo de Quirós A. Food and beverage can coatings: A review on chemical analysis, migration, and risk assessment. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:3558-3611. [PMID: 35687326 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The internal surface of food and beverage cans is generally covered with polymeric coatings to preserve food and protect metal substrate from corrosion. Coating materials are complex formulations that contain different starting substances (e.g., monomers, prepolymers, additives, etc.) and in addition during the manufacture of the material several compounds can be formed (e.g., reaction products, degradation products, etc.). These substances have the potential to migrate into the food. Many of them have not been identified and only some have been toxicologically evaluated. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review on the analytical methods used for the identification of potential migrants in can coatings. The migration and exposure to chemicals migrating from can coatings are also reviewed and discussed so far, which is essential for risk assessment. Moreover, a brief section on the current status of the legislation on varnishes and coatings for food contact in Europe is also presented. Liquid chromatography coupled to diode array and fluorescence detectors and particularly to mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry seem to be the techniques of choice for the identification of potential migrants in can coatings. Some studies have reported migration levels of BPA (bisphenol A) and BADGE (bisphenol A diglycidyl ether) and derivatives exceeding the specific migration limits set in the European legislation. On the whole, low dietary exposure to migrants from can coatings has been reported. However, it is interesting to highlight that in these studies the combined exposure to multiple chemicals has not been considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antía Lestido-Cardama
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Raquel Sendón
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Juana Bustos
- National Food Centre, Spanish Agency for Food Safety and Nutrition, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - María Teresa Nieto
- National Food Centre, Spanish Agency for Food Safety and Nutrition, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Perfecto Paseiro-Losada
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Rodríguez-Bernaldo de Quirós
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Lestido-Cardama A, Sánchez BM, Sendón R, Rodríguez-Bernaldo de Quirós A, Barbosa-Pereira L. Study on the chemical behaviour of Bisphenol S during the in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and its bioaccessibility. Food Chem 2021; 367:130758. [PMID: 34391995 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the chemical behaviour of Bisphenol S (BPS) and determined its bioaccessibility after human ingestion using a standardised in vitro gastrointestinal digestion protocol and an analytical method based on high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with a photodiode array and tandem mass spectrometry. The effects of different factors such as gastric pH, enzymes, and food matrix on the solubility and chemical stability of BPS were studied to evaluate their contribution to its bioaccessibility. The results highlighted that BPS was available at the end of the digestion process in the range of 50-80%, and was susceptible to absorption at the intestinal level. The effect of pH was not significant as a single factor. The presence of enzymes slightly decreased the bioaccessibility of BPS in the intestinal phase with gastric pH increase. Additionally, a soy drink reduced BPS bioaccessibility by up to 5% after oral intake. Finally, a few BPS degradation products were found in non-bioaccessible fractions at different pH values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antía Lestido-Cardama
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Beatriz Millán Sánchez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Raquel Sendón
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Rodríguez-Bernaldo de Quirós
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Letricia Barbosa-Pereira
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Vázquez-Loureiro P, Lestido-Cardama A, Sendón R, López-Hernández J, Paseiro-Losada P, Rodríguez-Bernaldo de Quirós A. Identification of Volatile and Semi-Volatile Compounds in Polymeric Coatings Used in Metal Cans by GC-MS and SPME. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14133704. [PMID: 34279275 PMCID: PMC8269810 DOI: 10.3390/ma14133704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric coatings are used as a protective layer to preserve food or beverage quality and protect it from corrosion and avoid a metallic taste. These types of materials can contain some chemicals that are susceptible to migrate to food and constitute a risk for consumers’ health. This study is focused on the identification of volatile and semi-volatile low molecular weight compounds present in polymeric coatings used for metal food and beverage cans. A method based on solid–liquid extraction followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was optimized for the semi-volatile compounds. Different solvents were tried with the aim of extracting compounds with different polarities. Furthermore, a method based on solid-phase microextraction (SPME) in headspace (HS) mode and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HSSPME-GC-MS) was developed for the identification of potential volatile migrants in polymeric coatings. Some parameters such as extraction time, equilibrium temperature, or the type of fiber were optimized. Different compounds, including aldehydes such as octanal or nonanal, alcohols such as α-terpineol or 2-butoxyethanol, ethers, alkenes, or phthalic compounds, among others, were identified and confirmed with analytical standards both via SPME analysis as well after solvent extraction.
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Ramírez Carnero A, Lestido-Cardama A, Vazquez Loureiro P, Barbosa-Pereira L, Rodríguez Bernaldo de Quirós A, Sendón R. Presence of Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Food Contact Materials (FCM) and Its Migration to Food. Foods 2021; 10:foods10071443. [PMID: 34206351 PMCID: PMC8306913 DOI: 10.3390/foods10071443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are synthetic chemical compounds widely used in different industry fields including food contact materials (FCM), providing resistance to fat and humidity, and non-stick properties. PFAS enter into the food chain directly from the intake of contaminated food or indirectly from the migration of the FCM into the food. This exposure published in different research highlights a public health concern. Therefore, it is necessary to perform analysis of the content of different FCM and evaluate the migration from the FCM under normal conditions of use and storage. This bibliographical review proves that different perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl compounds are detected in fast food packaging, microwave popcorn bags, and frying pans, among others. Furthermore, it shows the conditions or factors that favor the migration of the PFAS from the FCM into the food.
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Lestido-Cardama A, Sendón R, Bustos J, Santillana MI, Paseiro Losada P, Rodríguez Bernaldo de Quirós A. Multi-analyte method for the quantification of bisphenol related compounds in canned food samples and exposure assessment of the Spanish adult population. Food Packag Shelf Life 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2021.100671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Vilarinho F, Stanzione M, Buonocore G, Barbosa-Pereira L, Sendón R, Vaz M, Sanches Silva A. Green tea extract and nanocellulose embedded into polylactic acid film: Properties and efficiency on retarding the lipid oxidation of a model fatty food. Food Packag Shelf Life 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2020.100609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Lestido-Cardama A, Sendón R, Bustos J, Lomo ML, Losada PP, de Quirós ARB. Dietary Exposure Estimation to Chemicals Transferred from Milk and Dairy Products Packaging Materials in Spanish Child and Adolescent Population. Foods 2020; 9:E1554. [PMID: 33121003 PMCID: PMC7694080 DOI: 10.3390/foods9111554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Packaging materials are subject to risk assessment since they can transfer their components to the food, and they may constitute a risk for the consumers' health. Therefore, estimating the exposure to chemicals migrating from packaging is required. In this study, a novel approach based on a total diet study (TDS)-like investigation to evaluate the exposure to chemicals transferred from the packaging was presented. The proposed methodology involved a non-targeted gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method to identify potential migrants and the determination of the migrants in composite food samples. The method was applied to evaluate the dietary exposure to chemicals from food packaging materials used for milk and dairy products in the Spanish child and adolescent populations. Several migrants identified in packaging materials were selected to determine their concentration in composite food samples. These chemicals included diethyl phthalate (DEP), diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), bis(2ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), benzophenone (BP), 1,3-diphenylpropane (1,3-DPP), and bis(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate (DEHT). The method exhibited a good sensitivity (limit of detection, LOD ≤ 0.05 µg/g) and a satisfactory recovery (78.4-124%). Finally, the exposure was estimated using the Spanish national dietary survey ENALIA. Phthalates DBP and DEHP showed the highest mean exposure, ranging from 2.42 (10-17 years)-4.40 (12-35 months) and 1.35 (10-17 years)-4.07 (12-35 months) µg/kg bw/day for DBP and DEHP, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antía Lestido-Cardama
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (R.S.); (P.P.L.); (A.R.B.d.Q.)
| | - Raquel Sendón
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (R.S.); (P.P.L.); (A.R.B.d.Q.)
| | - Juana Bustos
- National Food Center, Spanish Agency of Food Safety and Nutrition, E-28220 Majadahonda, Spain; (J.B.); (M.L.L.)
| | - Mª Luisa Lomo
- National Food Center, Spanish Agency of Food Safety and Nutrition, E-28220 Majadahonda, Spain; (J.B.); (M.L.L.)
| | - Perfecto Paseiro Losada
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (R.S.); (P.P.L.); (A.R.B.d.Q.)
| | - Ana Rodríguez Bernaldo de Quirós
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (R.S.); (P.P.L.); (A.R.B.d.Q.)
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13
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Andrade MA, de Oliveira Torres LR, Silva AS, Barbosa CH, Vilarinho F, Ramos F, de Quirós ARB, Khwaldia K, Sendón R. Industrial multi-fruits juices by-products: total antioxidant capacity and phenolics profile by LC–MS/MS to ascertain their reuse potential. Eur Food Res Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-020-03571-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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14
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Lestido Cardama A, Sendón R, Bustos J, Santillana MI, Paseiro Losada P, Rodríguez Bernaldo de Quirós A. GC-MS Screening for the Identification of Potential Migrants Present in Polymeric Coatings of Food Cans. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11122086. [PMID: 31847163 PMCID: PMC6960813 DOI: 10.3390/polym11122086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The coatings used in cans can release complex chemical mixtures into foodstuffs. Therefore, it is important to develop analytical methods for the identification of these potential migrant compounds in packaged food to guarantee the compliance with European food packaging legislation and ensure consumer safety. In the present work, the type of coating in a total of twelve cans collected in Santiago de Compostela (Spain) were evaluated using an ATR (attenuated total reflectance)-FTIR spectrometer. These samples were analysed after extraction with acetonitrile in order to identify potential migrants through a screening method by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of forty-seven volatile and semi-volatile compounds were identified in these samples, including plasticizers, photoinitiators, antioxidants, lubricants, etc. Then, in a second step, a targeted analysis was carried out for the simultaneous determination of 13 compounds, including bisphenols (BPA, BPB, BPC, BPE, BPF, BPG) and BADGEs (BADGE, BADGE.H2O, BADGE.2H2O, BADGE.HCl, BADGE.2HCl, BADGE.H2O.HCl, cyclo-di-BADGE) by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation (APCI) source. Among all the bisphenols analysed, only the bisphenol A was detected in four samples; while cyclo-di-BADGE was the predominant compound detected in all the samples analysed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antía Lestido Cardama
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782-Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.L.C.); (R.S.); (P.P.L.)
| | - Raquel Sendón
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782-Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.L.C.); (R.S.); (P.P.L.)
| | - Juana Bustos
- National Food Center, Spanish Agency of Food Safety and Nutrition, E-28220 Majadahonda, Spain; (J.B.); (M.I.S.)
| | - M. Isabel Santillana
- National Food Center, Spanish Agency of Food Safety and Nutrition, E-28220 Majadahonda, Spain; (J.B.); (M.I.S.)
| | - Perfecto Paseiro Losada
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782-Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.L.C.); (R.S.); (P.P.L.)
| | - Ana Rodríguez Bernaldo de Quirós
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782-Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.L.C.); (R.S.); (P.P.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-881814965
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15
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Lago MA, Sendón R, Bustos J, Nieto MT, Paseiro Losada P, Rodríguez-Bernaldo de Quirós A. Migration Studies of Two Common Components of UV-curing Inks into Food Simulants. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24193607. [PMID: 31591310 PMCID: PMC6804053 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) has reported many cases of different UV curing inks components in foodstuffs during the last few years. These contaminants reach foodstuffs mainly by set-off, their principal migration mechanism from the package. Under this premise, this work has tried to characterize the process of migration of two common UV ink components: a photoinitiator (4-Methylbenzophenone) and a coinitiator (Ethyl-4-(dimethylamino) benzoate), from the most common plastic material used in food packaging low-density polyethylene (LDPE) into six different food simulants. The migration kinetics tests were performed at four different common storage temperatures, obtaining the key migration parameters for both molecules: the coefficients of diffusion and partition. The migration process was highly dependent on the storage conditions, the photoinitiator properties and the pH of the foodstuff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Lago
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Raquel Sendón
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Juana Bustos
- National Food Center, Spanish Agency of Food Safety and Nutrition, E-28220 Majadahonda, Spain.
| | - María T Nieto
- National Food Center, Spanish Agency of Food Safety and Nutrition, E-28220 Majadahonda, Spain.
| | - Perfecto Paseiro Losada
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Ana Rodríguez-Bernaldo de Quirós
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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16
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Vázquez Loureiro P, Hernández Jiménez I, Sendón R, Rodriguez-Bernaldo de Quirós A, Barbosa-Pereira L. Determination of Xanthohumol in Hops, Food Supplements and Beers by HPLC. Foods 2019; 8:foods8100435. [PMID: 31554235 PMCID: PMC6835515 DOI: 10.3390/foods8100435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Xanthohumol (XN) is the main prenylated chalcone present in hops (Humulus lupulus) with high biological activity, and it is of great importance for human health because of its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive and chemopreventive properties. This polyphenol can be included in the diet through foods in which hops are used, such as beer or food supplements. Because of their health benefits and the increasing interest of using hops as a novel nutraceutical, the aim of this work was the identification and quantification of XN in different types of samples using a method based on high resolution liquid chromatography with a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). The method was validated in terms of linearity, limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ), repeatability and recovery. Acceptable linearity (r2 0.9999), adequate recovery (>90% in the most of cases) and good sensitivity (LOD 16 µg/L) were obtained. Furthermore, the presence of XN in all samples was confirmed using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) operated in negative ESI (electrospray system ionization) mode. The concentrations of XN determined in hop flowers and food supplements were above the LOQ, in a range between 0.106 and 12.7 mg/g. Beer may also represent an important source of dietary prenylflavonoids, with between 0.028 and 0.062 mg/L of XN. The results showed that the methodology proposed was suitable for the determination of XN in the different types of samples studied, and the amounts of XN varied significantly according to the selected product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Vázquez Loureiro
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela (Spain), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Ignacio Hernández Jiménez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela (Spain), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Raquel Sendón
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela (Spain), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Ana Rodriguez-Bernaldo de Quirós
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela (Spain), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Letricia Barbosa-Pereira
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela (Spain), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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García Ibarra V, Rodríguez Bernaldo de Quirós A, Paseiro Losada P, Sendón R. Non-target analysis of intentionally and non intentionally added substances from plastic packaging materials and their migration into food simulants. Food Packag Shelf Life 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2019.100325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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18
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Vilarinho F, Sendón R, van der Kellen A, Vaz M, Silva AS. Bisphenol A in food as a result of its migration from food packaging. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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19
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García Ibarra V, Sendón R, Bustos J, Paseiro Losada P, Rodríguez Bernaldo de Quirós A. Estimates of dietary exposure of Spanish population to packaging contaminants from cereal based foods contained in plastic materials. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 128:180-192. [PMID: 30974151 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Food packaging may be a potential source of contamination, through the migration of chemicals from the packaging into the food, thus food consumption is an important route of human exposure to packaging contaminants. In the present study an approach to estimate the exposure to different chemicals transferred from food packaging was designed. As a first step a GC-MS screening was conducted to identify potential contaminants in the materials. Secondly, different chemicals previously identified in the packaging materials were selected for exposure assessment. The proposed methodology was applied to cereal based foods packed with plastic packaging. A variety of chemicals including e.g. acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC), bis (2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DEHA) and diethyl phthalate (DEP) among others were identified and analyzed in the foodstuffs. For this purpose a LC-MS/MS method was developed. The selected foodstuffs were pooled into three groups according to the population age (12-35 months, 3-9 years and 10-17 years) and based on the Spanish consumption data (Enalia). In general, ATBC mean exposure was higher than that of phthalates and DEHA for the three groups considered, with mean dietary exposure values ranging from 1.01 μg/kg bw/day (pool 12-35 months) to 2.01 μg/kg bw/day (pool 3-9 years).
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica García Ibarra
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Raquel Sendón
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Juana Bustos
- National Food Centre, Spanish Agency for Consumer Affairs, Food Safety and Nutrition, 28220, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Perfecto Paseiro Losada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Rodríguez Bernaldo de Quirós
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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20
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García Ibarra V, Sendón R, García-Fonte XX, Paseiro Losada P, Rodríguez Bernaldo de Quirós A. Migration studies of butylated hydroxytoluene, tributyl acetylcitrate and dibutyl phthalate into food simulants. J Sci Food Agric 2019; 99:1586-1595. [PMID: 30151848 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Migration is a mass transfer process in which chemical substances with a low molecular weight are transferred from packaging into food. This phenomenon has received great attention from a food safety point of view because these chemicals could potentially represent a risk for consumers' health. The present study investigated the process of migration of two common plasticizers [tributyl acetylcitrate (ATBC) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP)] and one antioxidant [butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)] from a common plastic material used in food packaging (low density polyethylene) into 50% ethanol (v/v), 95% ethanol (v/v) and isooctane. A mathematical model based on Fick's second law was used to determine the partition and diffusion coefficients. In addition, the effect of temperature on the diffusion was studied by applying the Arrhenius equation. RESULTS High-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry methods were applied to measure the amount of ATBC, DBP and BHT that migrated into the food simulants. A mathematical model based on Fick's second law of diffusion was used to estimate key migration parameters: diffusion and partition coefficients (DP and KP/F ), which were determined for each migrant and food simulant at three temperatures (10, 20 and 40 °C). The results showed that the diffusion process is significantly influenced by temperature, although the type of simulant also plays an important role in the migration process. CONCLUSION The model investigated is shown to be appropriate for predicting the migration from food packaging into real foodstuffs at common storage temperatures. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica García Ibarra
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Raquel Sendón
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Xoan-Xosé García-Fonte
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo de Polímeros, Centro de Investigacións Tecnolóxicas, Ferrol, Spain
| | - Perfecto Paseiro Losada
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Rodríguez Bernaldo de Quirós
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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21
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Galmán Graíño S, Sendón R, López Hernández J, Rodríguez-Bernaldo de Quirós A. GC-MS Screening Analysis for the Identification of Potential Migrants in Plastic and Paper-Based Candy Wrappers. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E802. [PMID: 30960727 PMCID: PMC6403844 DOI: 10.3390/polym10070802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Food packaging materials may be a potential source of contamination through the migration of components from the material into foodstuffs. Potential migrants can be known substances such as additives (e.g., plasticizers, stabilizers, antioxidants, etc.), monomers, and so on. However, they can also be unknown substances, which could be non-intentionally added substances (NIAS). In the present study, non-targeted analysis using mass spectrometry coupled to gas chromatography (GC-MS) for the identification of migrants in plastic and paper-based candy wrappers was performed. Samples were analyzed after extraction with acetonitrile. Numerous compounds including N-alkanes, phthalates, acetyl tributyl citrate, tributyl aconitate, bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate, butylated hydroxytoluene, etc. were identified. Many of the compounds detected in plastic samples are not included in the positive list of the authorized substances. One non-intentionally added substance, 7,9-Di-tert-butyl-1-oxaspiro(4,5)deca-6-9-diene-2,8-dione, which has been reported as a degradation product of the antioxidant Irganox 1010, was found in several samples of both plastic and paper packaging. The proposed method was shown to be a useful approach for the identification of potential migrants in packaging samples. The toxicity of the compounds identified was estimated according to Cramer rules. Then, a second targeted analysis was also conducted in order to identify photoinitiators; among the analyzed compounds, only 2-hydroxybenzophenone was found in five samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Galmán Graíño
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782-Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Raquel Sendón
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782-Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Julia López Hernández
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782-Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Ana Rodríguez-Bernaldo de Quirós
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782-Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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22
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García Ibarra V, Rodríguez Bernaldo de Quirós A, Paseiro Losada P, Sendón R. Identification of intentionally and non-intentionally added substances in plastic packaging materials and their migration into food products. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:3789-3803. [PMID: 29732500 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1058-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Plastic materials are widely used in food packaging applications; however, there is increased concern because of the possible release of undesirable components into foodstuffs. Migration of plastic constituents not only has the potential to affect product quality but also constitutes a risk to consumer health. In order to check the safety of food contact materials, analytical methodologies to identify potential migrants are required. In the first part of this work, a GC/MS screening method was developed for the identification of components from plastic packaging materials including intentionally and "non-intentionally added substances" (NIAS) as potential migrants. In the second part of this study, the presence of seven compounds (bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC), benzophenone (BP)) previously identified in packaging materials were investigated in food products (corn and potatoes snacks, cookies, and cakes). For this purpose, a suitable extraction method was developed and quantification was performed using GC-MS. The developed method was validated in terms of linearity, recovery, repeatability, and limits of detection and quantification. The spiked recoveries varied between 82.7 and 116.1%, and relative standard deviation (RSD) was in the range of 2.22-15.9%. The plasticizer ATBC was the most detected compound (94% samples), followed by DEP (65%), DEHP (47%), BP (44%), DBP (35%), DIBP (21%), and BHT (12%). Regarding phthalates, DEP and DEHP were the most frequently detected compounds in concentrations up to 1.44 μg g-1. In some samples, only DBP exceeded the European SML of 0.3 mg kg-1 established in Regulation 10/2011. Graphical abstract Chemical migration from plastic packaging into food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica García Ibarra
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Rodríguez Bernaldo de Quirós
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Perfecto Paseiro Losada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Raquel Sendón
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Otero-Pazos P, Sendón R, Martínez I, P. Aurrekoetxea G, Angulo I, Rodríguez-Bernaldo de Quirós A. Evaluation of oxygen absorber system effectiveness in butter containers. CyTA - Journal of Food 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2017.1379561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Otero-Pazos
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Raquel Sendón
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | | | - Inmaculada Angulo
- Department of Plastic and Composites, GAIKER (Research Centre), Zamudio, Spain
| | - Ana Rodríguez-Bernaldo de Quirós
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Paseiro-Cerrato R, Rodríguez-Bernaldo de Quirós A, Otero-Pazos P, Sendón R, Paseiro-Losada P. Determination of diffusion and partition coefficients of model migrants by direct contact and vapour phase transfer from low-density polyethylene films into cake. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2017; 35:555-562. [PMID: 29067891 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2017.1397294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the migration kinetics of one photoinitiator, benzophenone, and two optical brighteners, Uvitex OB and 1,4-diphenyl-1,3-butadiene (DPBD), from low-density polyethylene (LDPE) films into cake. Transfer was assessed by both direct contact and also the vapour phase. To perform the migration tests by direct contact, plastic films enriched with the additives were placed between two cake slices. To evaluate the migration through the gas phase, cake and the fortified LDPE film were placed with no direct contact in a glass container that was hermetically closed. Samples were stored at different time-temperature conditions. Target compounds were extracted from the films with ethanol (70°C, 24 h) and analysed by HPLC-DAD. Relevant parameters such as partition and diffusion coefficients between food and plastic film were calculated. The Arrhenius equation was applied to estimate the diffusion coefficient at any temperature. The data indicate that migration of benzophenone occurs in a significant extent into cake by both direct contact and through the gas phase (no direct contact). Conversely, very little migration occurred for Uvitex OB by direct contact and none through the gas phase. Results for benzophenone suggest that migration through the gas phase should be considered when evaluating migration from food packaging materials into food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Paseiro-Cerrato
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Santiago de Compostela , Santiago de Compostela , Spain
| | - Ana Rodríguez-Bernaldo de Quirós
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Santiago de Compostela , Santiago de Compostela , Spain
| | - Pablo Otero-Pazos
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Santiago de Compostela , Santiago de Compostela , Spain
| | - Raquel Sendón
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Santiago de Compostela , Santiago de Compostela , Spain
| | - Perfecto Paseiro-Losada
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Santiago de Compostela , Santiago de Compostela , Spain
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25
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Maia J, Rodríguez-Bernaldo de Quirós A, Sendón R, Cruz JM, Seiler A, Franz R, Simoneau C, Castle L, Driffield M, Mercea P, Oldring P, Tosa V, Paseiro P. Determination of key diffusion and partition parameters and their use in migration modelling of benzophenone from low-density polyethylene (LDPE) into different foodstuffs. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2016; 33:715-24. [PMID: 26892649 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2016.1156165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The mass transport process (migration) of a model substance, benzophenone (BZP), from LDPE into selected foodstuffs at three temperatures was studied. A mathematical model based on Fick's Second Law of Diffusion was used to simulate the migration process and a good correlation between experimental and predicted values was found. The acquired results contribute to a better understanding of this phenomenon and the parameters so-derived were incorporated into the migration module of the recently launched FACET tool (Flavourings, Additives and Food Contact Materials Exposure Tool). The migration tests were carried out at different time-temperature conditions, and BZP was extracted from LDPE and analysed by HPLC-DAD. With all data, the parameters for migration modelling (diffusion and partition coefficients) were calculated. Results showed that the diffusion coefficients (within both the polymer and the foodstuff) are greatly affected by the temperature and food's physical state, whereas the partition coefficient was affected significantly only by food characteristics, particularly fat content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquim Maia
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Santiago de Compostela , Santiago de Compostela , Spain
| | - Ana Rodríguez-Bernaldo de Quirós
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Santiago de Compostela , Santiago de Compostela , Spain
| | - Raquel Sendón
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Santiago de Compostela , Santiago de Compostela , Spain
| | - José Manuel Cruz
- b Industrial Engineering School , University of Vigo , Vigo , Spain
| | - Annika Seiler
- c Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV , Freising , Germany
| | - Roland Franz
- c Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV , Freising , Germany
| | - Catherine Simoneau
- d European Commission, DG Joint Research Centre , Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Unit Chemical Assessment and Testing , Ispra (Va) , Italy
| | - Laurence Castle
- e The Food and Environment Research Agency , Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs , York , UK
| | - Malcolm Driffield
- e The Food and Environment Research Agency , Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs , York , UK
| | | | | | - Valer Tosa
- h National Institute for Research and Development of Molecular and Isotopic Technologies , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
| | - Perfecto Paseiro
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Santiago de Compostela , Santiago de Compostela , Spain
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García Ibarra V, Rodríguez Bernaldo de Quirós A, Sendón R. Study of melamine and formaldehyde migration from melamine tableware. Eur Food Res Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-015-2623-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Rodríguez-Martínez A, Sendón R, Abad M, González-Rodríguez M, Barros-Velázquez J, Aubourg S, Paseiro-Losada P, Rodríguez-Bernaldo de Quirós A. Migration kinetics of sorbic acid from polylactic acid and seaweed based films into food simulants. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2015.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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29
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García-Soto B, Miranda JM, Rodríguez-Bernaldo de Quirós A, Sendón R, Rodríguez-Martínez AV, Barros-Velázquez J, Aubourg SP. Effect of biodegradable film (lyophilised algaFucus spiralisand sorbic acid) on quality properties of refrigerated megrim (Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis). Int J Food Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bibiana García-Soto
- Cooperativa de Armadores de Pesca del Puerto de Vigo (ARVI); Puerto Pesquero s/n; 36202 Vigo Spain
| | - José M. Miranda
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science; School of Veterinary Sciences; University of Santiago de Compostela; 27002 Lugo Spain
| | - Ana Rodríguez-Bernaldo de Quirós
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science; Pharmacy Faculty; University of Santiago de Compostela; 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Raquel Sendón
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science; Pharmacy Faculty; University of Santiago de Compostela; 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Ana V. Rodríguez-Martínez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science; Pharmacy Faculty; University of Santiago de Compostela; 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Jorge Barros-Velázquez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science; School of Veterinary Sciences; University of Santiago de Compostela; 27002 Lugo Spain
| | - Santiago P. Aubourg
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Marine Research Institute (CSIC); c/ E. Cabello 6; 36208 Vigo Spain
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30
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Lago MA, Rodríguez-Bernaldo de Quirós A, Sendón R, Bustos J, Nieto MT, Paseiro P. Photoinitiators: a food safety review. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2015; 32:779-98. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2015.1014866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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31
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Otero-Pazos P, Rodríguez-Bernaldo de Quirós A, Sendón R, Benito-Peña E, González-Vallejo V, Moreno-Bondi MC, Angulo I, Paseiro-Losada P. Active food packaging based on molecularly imprinted polymers: study of the release kinetics of ferulic acid. J Agric Food Chem 2014; 62:11215-11221. [PMID: 25369799 DOI: 10.1021/jf5035042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A novel active packaging based on molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was developed for the controlled release of ferulic acid. The release kinetics of ferulic acid from the active system to food simulants (10, 20, and 50% ethanol (v/v), 3% acetic acid (w/v), and vegetable oil), substitutes (95% ethanol (v/v) and isooctane), and real food samples at different temperatures were studied. The key parameters of the diffusion process were calculated by using a mathematical modeling based on Fick's second law. The ferulic acid release was affected by the temperature as well as the percentage of ethanol of the simulant. The fastest release occurred in 95% ethanol (v/v) at 20 °C. The diffusion coefficients (D) obtained ranged between 1.8 × 10(-11) and 4.2 × 10(-9) cm(2)/s. A very good correlation between experimental and estimated data was obtained, and consequently the model could be used to predict the release of ferulic acid into food simulants and real food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Otero-Pazos
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela , Campus Vida s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela (La Coruña), Spain
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32
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Paseiro-Cerrato R, Rodríguez-Bernaldo de Quirós A, Sendón R, Bustos J, Sánchez JJ, López-Hernández J, Paseiro-Losada P. Instability of an aromatic amine in fatty food and fatty food simulant: characterisation of reaction products and prediction of their toxicity. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2014; 32:100-9. [PMID: 25351874 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2014.975751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
It is a well-known fact that amines are not stable in food of a fatty nature. In this study the synthesis and characterisation of the products obtained as a result of the reaction of amines in a fatty medium are reported. Based on the well-known reactions among amines and acid and esters groups, two novel compounds were synthesised using m-xylylenediamine (mXDA), a primary diamine widely used as monomer in the manufacture of food contact materials and two fatty acids, oleic acid and palmitic acid, which occur in most fats. The resulting compounds were two molecules belonging to the family of fatty acid amides, dioleamide and dipalmitamide. A complete characterisation of both products was carried out employing several techniques such as infrared spectroscopy, (1)H- and (13)C-NMR spectroscopy, electron ionisation mass spectrometry, LC-MS/MS and UV spectrometry. The results obtained by the different techniques were well correlated. In the second part of the work, the formation of these compounds in real samples was evaluated. For this purpose a certain volume of olive oil was spiked with a known amount of mXDA. Olive oil was selected as a fatty medium since it is a widely consumed food and additionally is used as a fatty food simulant in migration studies of food contact materials. A method was developed to extract the fatty acid amides from the fatty matrix, which were then identified by LC-MS/MS. The toxicity of the synthesised compounds was predicted using a toxicity estimation software tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Paseiro-Cerrato
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science. Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Santiago de Compostela , Santiago de Compostela , Spain
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33
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Lago MA, Rodríguez-Bernaldo de Quirós A, Sendón R, Bustos J, Santillana MI, Paseiro P. Simultaneous chromatographic analysis of photoinitiators and amine synergists in food contact materials. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:4251-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-7792-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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34
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Gallego P, San Miguel F, Polo R, García R, Ayala R, Sendón R. PD-0406: Three-point method for IMRT verification with radiochromic film dosimetry without previous calibration. Radiother Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(15)30511-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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35
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García Marcos R, Vidal M, Ibáñez P, Ayala R, Sendón R, Polo R, Udías J. EP-1500: Impact of patient-applicator air-gap in dedicated mobile accelerator for Intra-Operative Radiation Therapy. Radiother Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(15)31618-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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36
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Paseiro-Cerrato R, Otero-Pazos P, Rodríguez-Bernaldo de Quirós A, Sendón R, Angulo I, Paseiro-Losada P. Rapid method to determine natamycin by HPLC-DAD in food samples for compliance with EU food legislation. Food Control 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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37
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Santillana MI, Ruiz E, Nieto MT, Rodríguez Bernaldo de Quirós A, Sendón R, Cirugeda ME, Sanchez JJ. Polycarbonate baby bottles: study of the release of Bisphenol A. Eur Food Res Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-013-1946-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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38
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Sanches-Silva A, Ribeiro T, Albuquerque TG, Paseiro P, Sendón R, de Quirós AB, López-Cervantes J, Sánchez-Machado DI, Soto Valdez H, Angulo I, Aurrekoetxea GP, Costa HS. Ultra-high pressure LC for astaxanthin determination in shrimp by-products and active food packaging. Biomed Chromatogr 2012; 27:757-64. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Revised: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Sanches-Silva
- Department of Food and Nutrition, National Institute of Health Dr Ricardo Jorge, I.P.; Av. Padre Cruz; Lisbon; Portugal
| | - T. Ribeiro
- Department of Food and Nutrition, National Institute of Health Dr Ricardo Jorge, I.P.; Av. Padre Cruz; Lisbon; Portugal
| | - T. G. Albuquerque
- Department of Food and Nutrition, National Institute of Health Dr Ricardo Jorge, I.P.; Av. Padre Cruz; Lisbon; Portugal
| | - P. Paseiro
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Santiago de Compostela; Spain
| | - R. Sendón
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Santiago de Compostela; Spain
| | - A. Bernaldo de Quirós
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Santiago de Compostela; Spain
| | - J. López-Cervantes
- Departamento de Biotecnologia y Ciencias Alimentarias, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora; Cd. Obregón; Sonora; México
| | - D. I. Sánchez-Machado
- Departamento de Biotecnologia y Ciencias Alimentarias, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora; Cd. Obregón; Sonora; México
| | - H. Soto Valdez
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., CIAD; Hermosillo; Sonora; México
| | - I. Angulo
- Gaiker, Technological Center. Parque Tecnológico Edificio 202; Zamudio; Spain
| | - G. P. Aurrekoetxea
- Gaiker, Technological Center. Parque Tecnológico Edificio 202; Zamudio; Spain
| | - H. S. Costa
- Department of Food and Nutrition, National Institute of Health Dr Ricardo Jorge, I.P.; Av. Padre Cruz; Lisbon; Portugal
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39
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Sanches-Silva A, Ribeiro T, Albuquerque TG, Paseiro P, Sendón R, de Quirós AB, López-Cervantes J, Sánchez-Machado DI, Valdez HS, Angulo I, Aurrekoetxea GP, Costa HS. Ultra-high pressure LC determination of glucosamine in shrimp by-products and migration tests of chitosan films. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:633-40. [PMID: 22517638 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan, a multiple applications molecule, was isolated from shrimp by-products by fermentation. The amount of chitosan in the solid fraction of the fermented extract was measured after its conversion in the respective glucosamine units. The procedure includes an acid hydrolysis (110 °C, 4 h with HCl 8 M) and a derivatization with 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate (Fmoc-Cl). Ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography method was developed and optimized. Excellent peaks resolution was achieved in just 10 min. The method was evaluated in what concerns to validation parameters such as linearity, repeatability, quantification limit, and recovery. Migration tests of films prepared with chitosan were carried out in two simulants: ultrapure water and ethanol 95% (v/v).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sanches-Silva
- Food and Nutrition Department, National Institute of Health Dr Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal.
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40
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Sendón R, Sanches-Silva A, Bustos J, Martín P, Martínez N, Cirugeda ME. Detection of migration of phthalates from agglomerated cork stoppers using HPLC-MS/MS. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:1319-26. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Sendón
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Nutrition and Food Science; University of Santiago de Compostela; Spain
| | - Ana Sanches-Silva
- Department of Food and Nutrition; National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge; Lisboa; Portugal
| | - Juana Bustos
- National Food Center; Spanish Food Safety and Nutrition Agency; Spain
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41
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Lago M, Rodríguez Bernaldo de Quirós A, Sendón R, Sanches-Silva A, Costa H, Sánchez-Machado D, López-Cervantes J, Soto Valdez H, Aurrekoetxea G, Angulo I, Paseiro Losada P. Compilation of analytical methods to characterize and determine chitosan, and main applications of the polymer in food active packaging Recopilación de métodos analíticos para la caracterización y determinación del quitosano y las principales aplicaciones del polímero en los envases activos alimentarios. CyTA - Journal of Food 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2011.603844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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42
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Santillana M, Ruiz E, Nieto M, Bustos J, Maia J, Sendón R, Sánchez J. Migration of bisphenol A from polycarbonate baby bottles purchased in the Spanish market by liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2011; 28:1610-8. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2011.589036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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43
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Paseiro-Cerrato R, de Quirós ARB, Sendón R, Bustos J, Ruíz E, Cruz J, Paseiro-Losada P. Analytical method for the simultaneous determination of polyfunctional amines used as monomers in the manufacture of food packaging materials. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:7105-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.07.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Revised: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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44
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Paseiro-Losada P, Núñez-Gastélum JA, Sánchez-Machado DI, López-Cervantes J, Sendón R, Sanches-Silva AT, Costa HS, Aurrekoetxea GP, Angulo I, Soto-Valdez H. Evaluación físico-química de aceite pigmentado obtenido de la cabeza de camarón. Grasas y Aceites 2011. [DOI: 10.3989/gya.102710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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45
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Paseiro-Cerrato R, De Quirós ARB, Sendón R, Bustos J, Santillana MI, Cruz JM, Paseiro-Losada P. Chromatographic Methods for the Determination of Polyfunctional Amines and Related Compounds Used as Monomers and Additives in Food Packaging Materials: A State-of-the-Art Review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2010; 9:676-694. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1541-4337.2010.00133.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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46
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Sanches-Silva A, Costa HS, Losada PP, Sendón R, Sánchez-Machado DI, Valdez HS, Varona IA, López-Cervantes J. NEWS FROM EU RESEARCH: Preparation of active packaging with antioxidant and antimicrobial activity based on astaxanthin and chitosan. NUTR BULL 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-3010.2010.01834.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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47
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Maia J, Cruz JM, Sendón R, Bustos J, Cirugeda ME, Sanchez JJ, Paseiro P. Effect of amines in the release of bisphenol A from polycarbonate baby bottles. Food Res Int 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2010.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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48
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Sendón R, Bustos J, Sánchez JJ, Paseiro P, Cirugeda ME. Validation of a liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry method for determining the migration of primary aromatic amines from cooking utensils and its application to actual samples. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2010; 27:107-17. [DOI: 10.1080/02652030903225781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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49
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Maia J, Cruz J, Sendón R, Bustos J, Sanchez J, Paseiro P. Effect of detergents in the release of bisphenol A from polycarbonate baby bottles. Food Res Int 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2009.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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50
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Silva AS, Cruz Freire JM, Sendón R, Franz R, Paseiro Losada P. Migration and diffusion of diphenylbutadiene from packages into foods. J Agric Food Chem 2009; 57:10225-10230. [PMID: 19839586 DOI: 10.1021/jf901666h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring of exposure to chemicals from food contact materials is a subject of increasing importance. The concentration of the chemicals and their migration levels, as well as food consumption and packaging usage data, are required to enable calculation of the degree of such exposure. The present study investigated the migration kinetics of diphenylbutadiene (DPBD) from packages into flour, rice, honey, milk powder and toast. Migration was not always negligible, except in honey and skimmed milk powder. Experiments carried out with starch alone enabled us to conclude that diffusion of migrants occurred through starch and fat. Key diffusion parameters were determined (diffusion coefficient and partition coefficient) based on Fick's second equation. The following diffusion coefficients were obtained at 25 degrees C: 2.7 x 10(-10), 3.4 x 10(-11), 3.2 x 10(-10), 8.4 x 10(-11), 8.1 x 10(-11) cm(2) s(-1), for wheat flour, rice, milk powder and toast, with 4 and 21% fat, respectively. A very good fit between experimental and predicted data was achieved. The data obtained in the present study confirm the validity of the mathematical model for predicting migration from Food Contact Materials (FCM) into foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sanches Silva
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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