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Ahammad GS, Kim IH. Effects of Micellar Quercetin Supplementation on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Fecal Microbiota, Meat Quality, and Physiological Status in Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1918. [PMID: 38998030 PMCID: PMC11240820 DOI: 10.3390/ani14131918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the impacts of micellar quercetin (MQ) supplementation on growth performance, meat stability, excreta gas emissions, and physiological status. During a 35-day trial, 640 Ross 308 broilers were utilized. These birds were one day old, with an average initial body weight of 43.34 ± 1.43 g. They were randomly distributed across four experimental diets, each consisting of 10 replicate pens with 16 chicks per pen. The diets included the following: control (CON) with 0% micellar quercetin (MQ), TRT1 with 0.025% MQ, TRT2 with 0.050% MQ, and TRT3 with 0.100% MQ. The results indicate that broilers fed diets with increasing levels of MQ exhibited significantly higher body weight gains (BWGs) compared to the control group (p < 0.05). There was a clear linear increase in the breast muscle percentage with higher levels of quercetin supplementation (p < 0.05), while the breast color remained consistent across all groups (p > 0.05). Both cooking loss and drip loss exhibited a linear decrease as MQ levels in the diet increased (p < 0.05). The level of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) tended to decrease with higher MQ levels. Thyroxine (T4) and lymphocyte levels also showed a linear increase with increasing MQ dosage in the diet (p < 0.05). However, no significant effects were observed on nutrient digestibility, gas emissions, or fecal microbial components (Lactobacillus, E. coli, and Salmonella) with higher levels of MQ supplementation (p > 0.05). In conclusion, augmenting quercetin levels in the diet positively influenced the BWG, breast muscle development, and meat quality parameters such as cooking loss and drip loss, with beneficial effects on blood profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Dankook University, No. 29 Anseodong, Cheonan 330-714, Republic of Korea;
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2
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Vitiello M, Pecoraro M, De Leo M, Camangi F, Parisi V, Donadio G, Braca A, Franceschelli S, De Tommasi N. Chemical Profiling, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Hyoseris radiata L., a Plant Used in the Phytoalimurgic Tradition. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:111. [PMID: 38247535 PMCID: PMC10812485 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyoseris radiata L. (Asteraceae), known as "wild chicory", is a perennial herbaceous plant native to the Mediterranean region, North Africa, and West Asia. Collected from the wild, the plant is largely used in Italy for culinary purposes and in popular medicine, so that it can be included in the list of phytoalimurgic plants. The present study aimed to investigate for the first time the plant's chemical profile, through a combined UHPLC-HR-ESI-Orbitrap/MS and NMR approach, and its potential healthy properties, focusing on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The LC-MS/MS analysis and the isolation through chromatographic techniques of the plant's hydroalcoholic extract allowed the authors to identify 48 compounds, including hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonoids, megastigmane glucosides, coumarins, and lignans, together with several unsaturated fatty acids. The quantitative analysis highlighted a relevant amount of flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids, with a total of 12.9 ± 0.4 mg/g DW. NMR-based chemical profiling revealed the presence of a good amount of amino acids and monosaccharides, and chicoric and chlorogenic acids as the most representative polyphenols. Finally, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of H. radiata were investigated through cell-free and cell-based assays, showing a good antioxidant potential for the plant extract and a significant reduction in COX-2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vitiello
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.V.); (M.D.L.)
| | - Michela Pecoraro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (M.P.); (V.P.); (G.D.); (S.F.); (N.D.T.)
| | - Marinella De Leo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.V.); (M.D.L.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- CISUP, Centre for Instrumentation Sharing, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabiano Camangi
- CSRC, Crop Science Research Center, Sant’Anna School of Advanced Studies, 56127 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Valentina Parisi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (M.P.); (V.P.); (G.D.); (S.F.); (N.D.T.)
| | - Giuliana Donadio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (M.P.); (V.P.); (G.D.); (S.F.); (N.D.T.)
| | - Alessandra Braca
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.V.); (M.D.L.)
| | - Silvia Franceschelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (M.P.); (V.P.); (G.D.); (S.F.); (N.D.T.)
| | - Nunziatina De Tommasi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (M.P.); (V.P.); (G.D.); (S.F.); (N.D.T.)
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3
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Sierżant K, Piksa E, Konkol D, Lewandowska K, Asghar MU. Performance and antioxidant traits of broiler chickens fed with diets containing rapeseed or flaxseed oil and optimized quercetin. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14011. [PMID: 37640806 PMCID: PMC10462632 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41282-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of quercetin (Q) added to feed mixtures, at concentrations directly optimized for the peroxidability of dietary rapeseed (RO) and flaxseed oil (FLO), on performance and selected biomarkers of oxidative stress of broiler chickens. Ninety-six one-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicken males were randomly assigned to four groups (six replicates per treatment, four birds per cage, n = 24 per group): Group RO received diets containing rapeseed oil (RO) and group FLO received diets containing flaxseed oil (FLO); Group RO_Q and group FLO_Q received these same diets containing RO or FLO oils, supplemented with optimized quercetin (Q). Blood, pectoral muscles, and liver samples of chickens were collected after 35 days to determine: (1) the global indicators of antioxidant capacity: ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), antiradical activity (DPPH·/ABTS·+), total antioxidant status (TAS), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px); (2) the activity of the antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD); and (3) the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA). Data showed that the FLO diet did not affect the final performance parameters in relation to RO, but the optimized Q tended to improve the total body weight gain and the final body weight of broiler chickens (P = 0.10). The antioxidant traces analyzed in the blood (GSH-Px), plasma (FRAP, ABTS·+, DPPH·, TAS), serum (DPPH·), and pectoral muscles (SOD, CAT) of chickens were not altered by either Oil or Q factor. FLO supplementation increased MDA content in the liver of chickens (P < 0.05) and increased liver CAT activity, which was not improved by optimized Q. Meanwhile, the Oil × Q interaction suggests that optimized Q could reduce the liver burden and negative effects of oxidized lipid by-products associated with FLO diets. Our results indicate that optimizing the addition of natural polyphenols to feed may be a valuable alternative to the application of polyphenolic antioxidants in animal nutrition, allowing for an economical use of the antioxidant additives when customized to the peroxidability of fat sources, which is line to the conception of sustainable development covering 'The European Green Deal' and 'Farm to Fork Strategy'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Sierżant
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, The Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego St. 38C, 51-630, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Eliza Piksa
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, The Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego St. 38C, 51-630, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Damian Konkol
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, The Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego St. 38C, 51-630, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Kamila Lewandowska
- Department of Environmental Hygiene and Animal Welfare, The Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego St. 38C, 51-630, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Muhammad Umair Asghar
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, The Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego St. 38C, 51-630, Wrocław, Poland
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Atuahene D, Costale A, Martello E, Mannelli A, Radice E, Ribaldone DG, Chiofalo B, Stefanon B, Meineri G. A Supplement with Bromelain, Lentinula edodes, and Quercetin: Antioxidant Capacity and Effects on Morphofunctional and Fecal Parameters (Calprotectin, Cortisol, and Intestinal Fermentation Products) in Kennel Dogs. Vet Sci 2023; 10:486. [PMID: 37624273 PMCID: PMC10459215 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10080486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress causes several pathological conditions in humans and animals, including gastrointestinal disorders. The aim of this study was to analyze the antioxidant capacity of three natural powdered raw materials containing quercetin, bromelain, and Lentinula edodes and develop a new feed supplement for dogs using a combination of them. The total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activity, DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), and ABTS (2,2'-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt) of the extracts, either individually or in combination, were evaluated colorimetrically. The effects of this supplement on healthy adult dogs' nutritional, inflammatory, and stress status were evaluated. American Staffordshire Terrier adult female dogs (n = 30) were randomly assigned to a control (n = 15) or a treated (n = 15) group. The supplement was added as powder to the food of the treated dogs once daily for 28 days. There was no significant difference in the body weight and body condition scores between the initial and final phases of the experiment. At the end of our study, a significant decrease in fecal calprotectin, cortisol, indole/skatole, and N-methylhistamine and a significant increase in short-chain fatty acids were observed as compared to the control group. In conclusion, this natural feed supplement can be used to improve gastrointestinal health and psycho-physical conditions in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Atuahene
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, University of Turin, 10124 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Annalisa Costale
- Department of Science and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Turin, 10100 Turin, Italy
| | - Elisa Martello
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Alessandro Mannelli
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, University of Turin, 10124 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Radice
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Medical School, University of Turin, 10100 Turin, Italy
| | | | - Biagina Chiofalo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Bruno Stefanon
- Department of Agrifood, Environmental and Animal Science, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Giorgia Meineri
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, University of Turin, 10124 Grugliasco, Italy
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5
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Sarkar S, Karmakar S, Basu M, Ghosh P, Ghosh MK. Neurological damages in COVID-19 patients: Mechanisms and preventive interventions. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e247. [PMID: 37035134 PMCID: PMC10080216 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel coronavirus, causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) which led to neurological damage and increased mortality worldwide in its second and third waves. It is associated with systemic inflammation, myocardial infarction, neurological illness including ischemic strokes (e.g., cardiac and cerebral ischemia), and even death through multi-organ failure. At the early stage, the virus infects the lung epithelial cells and is slowly transmitted to the other organs including the gastrointestinal tract, blood vessels, kidneys, heart, and brain. The neurological effect of the virus is mainly due to hypoxia-driven reactive oxygen species (ROS) and generated cytokine storm. Internalization of SARS-CoV-2 triggers ROS production and modulation of the immunological cascade which ultimately initiates the hypercoagulable state and vascular thrombosis. Suppression of immunological machinery and inhibition of ROS play an important role in neurological disturbances. So, COVID-19 associated damage to the central nervous system, patients need special care to prevent multi-organ failure at later stages of disease progression. Here in this review, we are selectively discussing these issues and possible antioxidant-based prevention therapies for COVID-19-associated neurological damage that leads to multi-organ failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibani Sarkar
- Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory DisorderSignal Transduction in Cancer and Stem Cells LaboratoryCouncil of Scientific and Industrial Research‐Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR‐IICB)KolkataIndia
| | - Subhajit Karmakar
- Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory DisorderSignal Transduction in Cancer and Stem Cells LaboratoryCouncil of Scientific and Industrial Research‐Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR‐IICB)KolkataIndia
| | - Malini Basu
- Department of MicrobiologyDhruba Chand Halder College, University of CalcuttaDakshin BarasatWBIndia
| | - Pratyasha Ghosh
- Department of EconomicsBethune CollegeUniversity of CalcuttaKolkataIndia
| | - Mrinal K Ghosh
- Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory DisorderSignal Transduction in Cancer and Stem Cells LaboratoryCouncil of Scientific and Industrial Research‐Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR‐IICB)KolkataIndia
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6
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Dietary supplementation of kaempferol improved the growth, lipid metabolism and flesh quality of juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) based on metabolomics. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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7
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Abdelrahman RE, Khalaf AAA, Elhady MA, Ibrahim MA, Hassanen EI, Noshy PA. Antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects of quercetin against ochratoxin A-induced nephrotoxicity in broiler chickens. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 96:103982. [PMID: 36179809 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The mycotoxin ochratoxin A (OTA) is produced by the fungi Aspergillus and Penicillium. The flavonoid quercetin (QUE) is distinguished by its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties. This study was designed to determine whether QUE can protect broiler chickens against OTA-induced nephrotoxicity. Forty broiler chicks were randomly divided into four equal groups: control, OTA, QUE, and OTA + QUE. For 6 weeks, OTA (0.5 mg/kg) and/or QUE (0.5 g/kg) were added to the diet of chickens. The results demonstrated that OTA exposure increased serum levels of creatinine, uric acid, and blood urea nitrogen. OTA exposure also increased renal malondialdehyde content but decreased renal antioxidants. OTA-exposed chickens exhibited multiple pathological kidney lesions. Moreover, OTA exposure induced apoptosis in renal tissue, which was manifested by the up-regulation of proapoptotic genes and down-regulation of antiapoptotic genes via the suppression of the PI3K/AKT pathway. In addition, coadministration of QUE and OTA mitigated most of these nephrotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab E Abdelrahman
- Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Abdel Azeim A Khalaf
- Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Elhady
- Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry and Metabolism, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman I Hassanen
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Peter A Noshy
- Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
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8
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Morita C, Tokunaga Y, Ueda Y, Ono M, Kinoshita H, Kurogi K, Sakakibara Y, Suiko M, Liu MC, Yasuda S. Investigation of radical scavenging effects of acetaminophen, p-aminophenol and their O-sulfated conjugates. J Toxicol Sci 2022; 47:421-428. [PMID: 36184561 DOI: 10.2131/jts.47.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) and p-aminophenol (p-AP) are the analogous simple phenolic compounds that undergo sulfate conjugation (sulfation) by cytosolic sulfotransferases. Sulfation is generally thought to lead to the inactivation and disposal of endogenous as well as xenobiotic compounds. This study aimed to investigate the antioxidative effects of O-sulfated form of APAP and p-AP, i.e., APAPS and p-APS, in comparison with their unsulfated counterparts. Using a 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay, the antioxidant capacity of APAPS was shown to be approximately 126-times lower than that of APAP. In contrast, p-APS displayed comparable activity as unsulfated p-AP. Similar trends concerning the suppressive effects of these chemicals on cellular O2- radical generation were found using an activated granulocytic neutrophil cell model. Collectively, these results indicated that, depending on the presence of an additional "active site", sulfation may not always decrease the antioxidant activities of phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yuto Ueda
- Department of Life Science, Shokei University
| | - Masateru Ono
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokai University.,Department of Food and Life Sciences (Formerly, Department of Bioscience), School of Agriculture, Tokai University
| | - Hideki Kinoshita
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokai University.,Department of Food and Life Sciences (Formerly, Department of Bioscience), School of Agriculture, Tokai University
| | - Katsuhisa Kurogi
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki
| | - Yoichi Sakakibara
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki
| | - Masahito Suiko
- Support Office for the Next Generation Researcher, University of Miyazaki
| | - Ming-Cheh Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Toledo, USA
| | - Shin Yasuda
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokai University.,Department of Food and Life Sciences (Formerly, Department of Bioscience), School of Agriculture, Tokai University
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9
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Alizadeh SR, Ebrahimzadeh MA. O-substituted quercetin derivatives: Structural classification, drug design, development, and biological activities, a review. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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10
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Speisky H, Shahidi F, Costa de Camargo A, Fuentes J. Revisiting the Oxidation of Flavonoids: Loss, Conservation or Enhancement of Their Antioxidant Properties. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11010133. [PMID: 35052636 PMCID: PMC8772813 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids display a broad range of health-promoting bioactivities. Among these, their capacity to act as antioxidants has remained most prominent. The canonical reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging mode of the antioxidant action of flavonoids relies on the high susceptibility of their phenolic moieties to undergo oxidation. As a consequence, upon reaction with ROS, the antioxidant capacity of flavonoids is severely compromised. Other phenol-compromising reactions, such as those involved in the biotransformation of flavonoids, can also markedly affect their antioxidant properties. In recent years, however, increasing evidence has indicated that, at least for some flavonoids, the oxidation of such residues can in fact markedly enhance their original antioxidant properties. In such apparent paradoxical cases, the antioxidant activity arises from the pro-oxidant and/or electrophilic character of some of their oxidation-derived metabolites and is exerted by activating the Nrf2–Keap1 pathway, which upregulates the cell’s endogenous antioxidant capacity, and/or, by preventing the activation of the pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory NF-κB pathway. This review focuses on the effects that the oxidative and/or non-oxidative modification of the phenolic groups of flavonoids may have on the ability of the resulting metabolites to promote direct and/or indirect antioxidant actions. Considering the case of a metabolite resulting from the oxidation of quercetin, we offer a comprehensive description of the evidence that increasingly supports the concept that, in the case of certain flavonoids, the oxidation of phenolics emerges as a mechanism that markedly amplifies their original antioxidant properties. An overlooked topic of great phytomedicine potential is thus unraveled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernan Speisky
- Laboratory of Antioxidants, Nutrition and Food Technology Institute, University of Chile, Santiago 7810000, Chile;
- Correspondence: (H.S.); (J.F.); Tel.: +56-(2)-2978-1519 (H.S.)
| | - Fereidoon Shahidi
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X9, Canada;
| | - Adriano Costa de Camargo
- Laboratory of Antioxidants, Nutrition and Food Technology Institute, University of Chile, Santiago 7810000, Chile;
| | - Jocelyn Fuentes
- Laboratory of Antioxidants, Nutrition and Food Technology Institute, University of Chile, Santiago 7810000, Chile;
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Kinesiology, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago 7501015, Chile
- Correspondence: (H.S.); (J.F.); Tel.: +56-(2)-2978-1519 (H.S.)
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11
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Saleh-E-In MM, Choi YE. Anethum sowa Roxb. ex fleming: A review on traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological and toxicological activities. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 280:113967. [PMID: 33640440 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Anethum sowa Roxb. ex Fleming (Syn. Peucedanum sowa Roxb. ex Fleming, Family: Apiaceae) is a pharmacologically important as aromatic and medicinal plant. Various parts of this plant are used in traditional medicine systems for carminative, uterine and colic pain, digestion disorder, flatulence in babies, appetite-stimulating agent and used to treat mild flue and cough. The essential oil is used for aromatherapy. It is also used as a spice for food flavouring and culinary preparations in many Asian and European countries. AIM OF THE REVIEW This review aims to provide a comprehensive and critical assessment from the reported traditional and pharmaceutical uses and pharmacological activities of the extracts, essential oil and phytoconstituents with emphasis on its therapeutic potential as well as toxicological evaluation of A. sowa. MATERIALS AND METHODS Online search engines such as SciFinder®, GoogleScholar®, ResearchGate®, Web of Science®, Scopus®, PubMed and additional data from books, proceedings and local prints were searched using relevant keywords and terminologies related to A. sowa for critical analyses. RESULTS The literature studies demonstrated that A. sowa possesses several ethnopharmacological activities, including pharmaceutical prescriptions, traditional applications, and spice in food preparations. The phytochemical investigation conducted on crude extracts has been characterized and identified various classes of compounds, including coumarins, anthraquinone, terpenoids, alkaloid, benzodioxoles, phenolics, polyphenols, phenolic and polyphenols, fatty acids, phthalides and carotenoids. The extracts and compounds from the different parts of A. sowa showed diverse in vitro and in vivo biological activities including antioxidant, antiviral, antibacterial, analgesic and anti-inflammatory, Alzheimer associating neuromodulatory, cytotoxic, anticancer, antidiabetes, insecticidal and larvicidal. CONCLUSION A. sowa is a valuable medicinal plant which is especially used in food flavouring and culinary preparations. This review summarized the pertinent information on A. sowa and its traditional and culinary uses, as well as potential pharmacological properties of essential oils, extracts and isolated compounds. The traditional uses of A. sowa are supported by in vitro/vivo pharmacological studies; however, further investigation on A. sowa should be focused on isolation and identification of more active compounds and establish the links between the traditional uses and reported pharmacological activities with active compounds, as well as structure-activity relationship and in vivo mechanistic studies before integrated into the medicine. The toxicological report confirmed its safety. Nonetheless, pharmacokinetic evaluation tests to validate its bioavailability should be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Moshfekus Saleh-E-In
- Division of Forest Resources, College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Eui Choi
- Division of Forest Resources, College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 200-701, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Augusti PR, Conterato GMM, Denardin CC, Prazeres ID, Serra AT, Bronze MR, Emanuelli T. Bioactivity, bioavailability, and gut microbiota transformations of dietary phenolic compounds: implications for COVID-19. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 97:108787. [PMID: 34089819 PMCID: PMC8169570 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The outbreak of mysterious pneumonia at the end of 2019 is associated with widespread research interest worldwide. The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) targets multiple organs through inflammatory, immune, and redox mechanisms, and no effective drug for its prophylaxis or treatment has been identified until now. The use of dietary bioactive compounds, such as phenolic compounds (PC), has emerged as a putative nutritional or therapeutic adjunct approach for COVID-19. In the present study, scientific data on the mechanisms underlying the bioactivity of PC and their usefulness in COVID-19 mitigation are reviewed. In addition, antioxidant, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects of dietary PC are studied. Moreover, the implications of digestion on the putative benefits of dietary PC against COVID-19 are presented by addressing the bioavailability and biotransformation of PC by the gut microbiota. Lastly, safety issues and possible drug interactions of PC and their implications in COVID-19 therapeutics are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula R Augusti
- Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Greicy M M Conterato
- Laboratório de Fisiologia da Reprodução Animal, Departamento de Agricultura, Biodiversidade e Floresta, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus de Curitibanos, Curitibanos, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Inês D Prazeres
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ana Teresa Serra
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Maria R Bronze
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal; iMED, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tatiana Emanuelli
- Núcleo Integrado de Desenvolvimento em Análises Laboratoriais (NIDAL), Departamento de Tecnologia e Ciência dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Fernández-Jalao I, Balderas C, Calvo MV, Fontecha J, Sánchez-Moreno C, De Ancos B. Impact of High-Pressure Processed Onion on Colonic Metabolism Using a Dynamic Gastrointestinal Digestion Simulator. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11050262. [PMID: 33922352 PMCID: PMC8145356 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11050262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Onions are the main dietary source of flavonols that have been associated with important health-promoting properties. Onion treated by high-pressure processing (HPP-treated onion) was subjected to a dynamic gastrointestinal digestion and colon fermentation simulator (DGID-CF) to study the effect on the gut microbiota metabolism in the three colon regions (ascending—AC, transverse—TC, and descending—DC) by means of chronic feeding with 27 g/day for 14 days. HPP-treated onion presented a high content of the flavonols quercetin-3,4’-diglucoside and quercetin-4’-glucoside, and a large percentage of them reached the AC without change. TC and DC progressively increased the total phenolic metabolites 2.5 times respective to day 2, mainly 3-hydroxyphenylacetic, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic, 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionic, and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acids. In addition, the chronic feeding increased the beneficial colon bacteria Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. and the production of total SCFAs (acetic, propionic, and butyric acids) 9 times (AC), 2.2 times (TC), and 4.4 times (DC) respective to day 1. A multivariate analysis (principal component analysis, PCA) showed a clear separation between the three colon regions based on their phenolic composition (precursors and metabolites). These results showed that HPP-treated onion modulated the human gut microbiota’s metabolism and the DGID-CF is a good system to study these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Fernández-Jalao
- Department of Characterization, Quality and Safety, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.F.-J.); (C.B.); (C.S.-M.)
| | - Claudia Balderas
- Department of Characterization, Quality and Safety, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.F.-J.); (C.B.); (C.S.-M.)
| | - María V. Calvo
- Department of Bioactivity and Food Analysis, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.V.C.); (J.F.)
| | - Javier Fontecha
- Department of Bioactivity and Food Analysis, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.V.C.); (J.F.)
| | - Concepción Sánchez-Moreno
- Department of Characterization, Quality and Safety, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.F.-J.); (C.B.); (C.S.-M.)
| | - Begoña De Ancos
- Department of Characterization, Quality and Safety, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.F.-J.); (C.B.); (C.S.-M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-915-492-300
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Phenolic Compounds from Leaves and Flowers of Hibiscus roseus: Potential Skin Cosmetic Applications of an Under-Investigated Species. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10030522. [PMID: 33802222 PMCID: PMC8000889 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The use of plant extracts in skin-care cosmetics is a modern trend due to their richness in polyphenols that act as anti-aging molecules. Hibiscus roseus is a perennial species naturalized in Italy, with beautiful soft pink flowers; its phenolic composition and biological activities have not been studied yet. The aim of this study was to characterize and quantify the phenolics and to evaluate the antioxidant, sun protection factor (SPF), and anti-collagenase activities of the ethanolic extracts of H. roseus leaves (HL) and flowers (HF). p-Coumaric, chlorogenic, and trans-ferulic acids derivatives as well as quercetin and kaempferol flavonoids were the main phenolic compounds detected. Catechin, epicatechin, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, kaempferol-3-O-glucoside, kaempferol-7-O-glucoside, tiliroside, oenin, and peonidin-3-O-glucoside were detected only in HF, while phloridzin was exclusive from HL, which also showed greater amounts of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives. HF was richer in flavonoids and total phenolics, also exhibiting greater antioxidant capacity. The SPF and anti-collagenase activity of both extracts were similar and comparable to those of synthetic standards. The overall results demonstrate that H. roseus extracts are promising sources of bioactive phenolic compounds that could be potentially applied as anti-aging agents in skin-care cosmetics.
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15
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Alipour E, Norouzi S, Moradi S. The development of an electrochemical DNA biosensor based on quercetin as a new electroactive indicator for DNA hybridization detection. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:719-729. [PMID: 33491010 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay01993c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
An electrochemical DNA biosensor was designed for the detection of a specific target DNA after hybridization with a complementary DNA probe immobilized onto a glassy carbon electrode surface. Quercetin was successfully used as a new electroactive indicator for the hybridization detection. Different interactions of quercetin with single-stranded DNA (ss-DNA) and double-stranded DNA (ds-DNA) led to different electrochemical signals, which were recorded as cyclic and differential pulse voltammograms enabling hybridization detection. Various parameters influencing the biosensor performance were evaluated, and optimized conditions were obtained. Also, the detection limit of 83 pM with a relative standard deviation of 4.6% was obtained for the determination of complementary oligonucleotides. Then, the developed biosensor was applied successively for the detection of short sequences of hepatitis C virus (HCV1). The hybridization between the probe (PHCV1) and its complementary sequence (HCV1a) as the target was studied. Some hybridization experiments with noncomplementary oligonucleotides also showed that the suggested DNA sensor responds selectively to the target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmaeel Alipour
- Electroanalytical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
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16
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Lamponi S, Baratto MC, Miraldi E, Baini G, Biagi M. Chemical Profile, Antioxidant, Anti-Proliferative, Anticoagulant and Mutagenic Effects of a Hydroalcoholic Extract of Tuscan Rosmarinus officinalis. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10010097. [PMID: 33418860 PMCID: PMC7825123 DOI: 10.3390/plants10010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize the chemical profile of an ethanolic extract of Tuscan Rosmarinus officinalis (Roex) and to determine its in vitro bioactivity. The content of phenolic and flavonoid compounds, hydroxycinnamic acids and triterpenoids was determined, and high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) analysis revealed that rosmarinic acid and other hydroxycinnamic derivatives were the main constituents of the extract. Roex demonstrated to have both antioxidant activity and the capability to scavenge hydrogen peroxide in a concentration dependent manner. Moreover, NIH3T3 mouse fibroblasts and human breast adenocarcinoma cells MDA-MB-231 viability was influenced by the extract with an IC50 of 2.4 × 10-1 mg/mL and 4.8 × 10-1 mg/mL, respectively. The addition of Roex to the culture medium of both the above cell lines, resulted also in the reduction of cell death after H2O2 pre-treatment. The Ames test demonstrated that Roex was not genotoxic towards both TA98 and TA100 strains, with and without S9 metabolic activation. The extract, by inactivating thrombin, showed to also have an anti-coagulating effect at low concentration values. All these biological activities exerted by Roex are tightly correlated to its phytochemical profile, rich in bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Lamponi
- Department of Biotechnologies, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0577-234386; Fax: +39-0577-234254
| | - Maria Camilla Baratto
- Department of Biotechnologies, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Elisabetta Miraldi
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Strada Laterina 8, 53100 Siena, Italy; (E.M.); (G.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Giulia Baini
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Strada Laterina 8, 53100 Siena, Italy; (E.M.); (G.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Marco Biagi
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Strada Laterina 8, 53100 Siena, Italy; (E.M.); (G.B.); (M.B.)
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17
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Hassan FU, Arshad MA, Li M, Rehman MSU, Loor JJ, Huang J. Potential of Mulberry Leaf Biomass and Its Flavonoids to Improve Production and Health in Ruminants: Mechanistic Insights and Prospects. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E2076. [PMID: 33182363 PMCID: PMC7695318 DOI: 10.3390/ani10112076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaf biomass from the mulberry plant (genus Morus and family Moraceae) is considered a potential resource for livestock feeding. Mulberry leaves (MLs) contain high protein (14.0-34.2%) and metabolizable energy (1130-2240 kcal/kg) with high dry matter (DM) digestibility (75-85%) and palatability. Flavonoid contents of MLs confer unique antioxidant properties and can potentially help alleviate oxidative stress in animals during stressful periods, such as neonatal, weaning, and periparturient periods. In addition, mulberry leaf flavonoids (MLFs) possess antimicrobial properties and can effectively decrease the population of ruminal methanogens and protozoa to reduce enteric methane (CH4) production. Owing to its rich flavonoid content, feeding MLs increases fiber digestion and utilization leading to enhanced milk production in ruminants. Dietary supplementation with MLFs alters ruminal fermentation kinetics by increasing total volatile fatty acids, propionate, and ammonia concentrations. Furthermore, they can substantially increase the population of specific cellulolytic bacteria in the rumen. Owing to their structural homology with steroid hormones, the MLFs can potentially modulate different metabolic pathways particularly those linked with energy homeostasis. This review aims to highlight the potential of ML and its flavonoids to modulate the ruminal microbiome, fermentation, and metabolic status to enhance productive performance and health in ruminants while reducing CH4 emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiz-ul Hassan
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530001, China; (F.H.); (M.L.)
- Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; (M.A.A.); (M.S.R.)
| | - Muhammad Adeel Arshad
- Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; (M.A.A.); (M.S.R.)
| | - Mengwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530001, China; (F.H.); (M.L.)
| | - Muhammad Saif-ur Rehman
- Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; (M.A.A.); (M.S.R.)
| | - Juan J. Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
| | - Jiaxiang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530001, China; (F.H.); (M.L.)
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18
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Hai Y, Zhang Y, Liang Y, Ma X, Qi X, Xiao J, Xue W, Luo Y, Yue T. Advance on the absorption, metabolism, and efficacy exertion of quercetin and its important derivatives. FOOD FRONTIERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/fft2.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hai
- College of Food Science and Technology Northwest University Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Yuanxiao Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering Northwest University Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Yingzhi Liang
- College of Food Science and Technology Northwest University Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Ma
- College of Life Science Northwest University Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Xiao Qi
- College of Food Science and Technology Northwest University Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology University of Vigo ‐ Ourense Campus Ourense E‐32004 Spain
| | - Weiming Xue
- School of Chemical Engineering Northwest University Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Yane Luo
- College of Food Science and Technology Northwest University Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Tianli Yue
- College of Food Science and Technology Northwest University Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro‐products (Yangling) Ministry of Agriculture Beijing P. R. China
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Ayuda-Durán B, González-Manzano S, González-Paramás AM, Santos-Buelga C. Caernohabditis elegans as a Model Organism to Evaluate the Antioxidant Effects of Phytochemicals. Molecules 2020; 25:E3194. [PMID: 32668705 PMCID: PMC7397024 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The nematode Caernohabditis elegans was introduced as a model organism in biological research by Sydney Brenner in the 1970s. Since then, it has been increasingly used for investigating processes such as ageing, oxidative stress, neurodegeneration, or inflammation, for which there is a high degree of homology between C. elegans and human pathways, so that the worm offers promising possibilities to study mechanisms of action and effects of phytochemicals of foods and plants. In this paper, the genes and pathways regulating oxidative stress in C. elegans are discussed, as well as the methodological approaches used for their evaluation in the worm. In particular, the following aspects are reviewed: the use of stress assays, determination of chemical and biochemical markers (e.g., ROS, carbonylated proteins, lipid peroxides or altered DNA), influence on gene expression and the employment of mutant worm strains, either carrying loss-of-function mutations or fluorescent reporters, such as the GFP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Ayuda-Durán
- Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles (GIP-USAL), Universidad de Salamanca, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain; (B.A.-D.); (S.G.-M.); (A.M.G.-P.)
| | - Susana González-Manzano
- Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles (GIP-USAL), Universidad de Salamanca, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain; (B.A.-D.); (S.G.-M.); (A.M.G.-P.)
- Unidad de Excelencia Producción, Agrícola y Medioambiente (AGRIENVIRONMENT), Parque Científico, Universidad de Salamanca, E-37185 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ana M. González-Paramás
- Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles (GIP-USAL), Universidad de Salamanca, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain; (B.A.-D.); (S.G.-M.); (A.M.G.-P.)
- Unidad de Excelencia Producción, Agrícola y Medioambiente (AGRIENVIRONMENT), Parque Científico, Universidad de Salamanca, E-37185 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Celestino Santos-Buelga
- Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles (GIP-USAL), Universidad de Salamanca, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain; (B.A.-D.); (S.G.-M.); (A.M.G.-P.)
- Unidad de Excelencia Producción, Agrícola y Medioambiente (AGRIENVIRONMENT), Parque Científico, Universidad de Salamanca, E-37185 Salamanca, Spain
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20
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Sakai M, Ohnishi K, Masuda M, Ohminami H, Yamanaka-Okumura H, Hara T, Taketani Y. Isorhamnetin, a 3'-methoxylated flavonol, enhances the lysosomal proteolysis in J774.1 murine macrophages in a TFEB-independent manner. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2020; 84:1221-1231. [PMID: 32046625 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2020.1727309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Lysosome is the principal organelle for the ultimate degradation of cellular macromolecules, which are delivered through endocytosis, phagocytosis, and autophagy. The lysosomal functions have been found to be impaired by fatty foods and aging, and more importantly, the lysosomal dysfunction in macrophages has been reported as a risk of atherosclerosis development. In this study, we searched for dietary polyphenols which possess the activity for enhancing the lysosomal degradation in J774.1, a murine macrophage-like cell line. Screening test utilizing DQ-BSA digestion identified isorhamnetin (3'-O-methylquercetin) as an active compound. Interestingly, structural comparison to inactive flavonols revealed that the chemical structure of the B-ring moiety in isorhamnetin is the primary determinant of its lysosome-enhancing activity. Unexpectedly isorhamnetin failed to inhibit mTORC1-TFEB signaling, a master regulator of lysosomal biogenesis and function. Our data suggested that the other molecular mechanism might be critical for the regulation of lysosomes in macrophages.Abbreviations: ANOVA: analysis of variance; ApoE: apolipoprotein E; ATP6V0D2: ATPase H+ transporting V0 subunit d2; BAF: bafilomycin A1; BODIPY: boron dipyrromethene; BSA: bovine serum albumin; CTSD: cathepsin D; CTSF: cathepsin F; DMEM: Dulbecco's modified eagle medium; DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide; EGCG: epigallocatechin-3-gallate; FBS: fetal bovine serum; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; HPLC: high-performance liquid chromatography; LAMP1: lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1; LAMP2A: lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2A; LC-MS/MS: liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry; MITF: microphthalmia-associated transcription factor; MRM: multiple reaction monitoring; mTORC1: mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; PPARγ: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ; RT-qPCR: reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction; SDS: sodium dodecyl sulfate; SNARE: soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive-factor attachment protein receptor; TBS: Tris-buffered saline; TFA: trifluoroacetic acid; TFE3: transcription factor binding to IGHM enhancer 3; TFEB: transcriptional factor EB; TFEC: transcription factor EC; V-ATPase: vacuolar-type proton ATPase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiko Sakai
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Management, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kohta Ohnishi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Management, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masashi Masuda
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Management, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Ohminami
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Management, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hisami Yamanaka-Okumura
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Management, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Taichi Hara
- Laboratory of Food and Life Science, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yutaka Taketani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Management, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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21
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González-Paramás AM, Ayuda-Durán B, Martínez S, González-Manzano S, Santos-Buelga C. The Mechanisms Behind the Biological Activity of Flavonoids. Curr Med Chem 2020; 26:6976-6990. [PMID: 29984643 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180706104829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are phenolic compounds widely distributed in the human diet. Their intake has been associated with a decreased risk of different diseases such as cancer, immune dysfunction or coronary heart disease. However, the knowledge about the mechanisms behind their in vivo activity is limited and still under discussion. For years, their bioactivity was associated with the direct antioxidant and radical scavenging properties of phenolic compounds, but nowadays this assumption is unlikely to explain their putative health effects, or at least to be the only explanation for them. New hypotheses about possible mechanisms have been postulated, including the influence of the interaction of polyphenols and gut microbiota and also the possibility that flavonoids or their metabolites could modify gene expression or act as potential modulators of intracellular signaling cascades. This paper reviews all these topics, from the classical view as antioxidants in the context of the Oxidative Stress theory to the most recent tendencies related with the modulation of redox signaling pathways, modification of gene expression or interactions with the intestinal microbiota. The use of C. elegans as a model organism for the study of the molecular mechanisms involved in biological activity of flavonoids is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Begoña Ayuda-Durán
- Área de Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Sofía Martínez
- Área de Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Susana González-Manzano
- Área de Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Celestino Santos-Buelga
- Área de Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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22
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Preparation and application of magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers for rutin determination in green tea. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-019-01039-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Chirumbolo S. Increased bioavailability of plasma polyphenols via the intestinal fermentation of soybean fibers: a role for gut microbiome? Eur J Nutr 2019; 58:2561-2562. [PMID: 31263984 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-02029-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 9, 37134, Verona, Italy.
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24
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Synthesis and characterization of core–shell magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers for selective recognition and determination of quercetin in apple samples. Food Chem 2019; 287:100-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.02.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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25
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Kawabata K, Yoshioka Y, Terao J. Role of Intestinal Microbiota in the Bioavailability and Physiological Functions of Dietary Polyphenols. Molecules 2019; 24:E370. [PMID: 30669635 PMCID: PMC6359708 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24020370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 347] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are categorized as plant secondary metabolites, and they have attracted much attention in relation to human health and the prevention of chronic diseases. In recent years, a considerable number of studies have been published concerning their physiological function in the digestive tract, such as their prebiotic properties and their modification of intestinal microbiota. It has also been suggested that several hydrolyzed and/or fission products, derived from the catabolism of polyphenols by intestinal bacteria, exert their physiological functions in target sites after transportation into the body. Thus, this review article focuses on the role of intestinal microbiota in the bioavailability and physiological function of dietary polyphenols. Monomeric polyphenols, such as flavonoids and oligomeric polyphenols, such as proanthocyanidins, are usually catabolized to chain fission products by intestinal bacteria in the colon. Gallic acid and ellagic acid derived from the hydrolysis of gallotannin, and ellagitannin are also subjected to intestinal catabolism. These catabolites may play a large role in the physiological functions of dietary polyphenols. They may also affect the microbiome, resulting in health promotion by the activation of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) excretion and intestinal immune function. The intestinal microbiota is a key factor in mediating the physiological functions of dietary polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyuichi Kawabata
- Faculty of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Konan Women's University, 6-2-23 Morikita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe City, Hyogo 658-0001, Japan.
| | - Yasukiyo Yoshioka
- Faculty of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Konan Women's University, 6-2-23 Morikita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe City, Hyogo 658-0001, Japan.
| | - Junji Terao
- Faculty of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Konan Women's University, 6-2-23 Morikita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe City, Hyogo 658-0001, Japan.
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Stepanić V, Matić S, Amić A, Lučić B, Milenković D, Marković Z. Effects of conjugation metabolism on radical scavenging and transport properties of quercetin – In silico study. J Mol Graph Model 2019; 86:278-285. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2018.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lesjak M, Beara I, Simin N, Pintać D, Majkić T, Bekvalac K, Orčić D, Mimica-Dukić N. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of quercetin and its derivatives. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 353] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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Lee YJ, Beak SY, Choi I, Sung JS. Quercetin and its metabolites protect hepatocytes against ethanol-induced oxidative stress by activation of Nrf2 and AP-1. Food Sci Biotechnol 2017; 27:809-817. [PMID: 30263806 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-017-0287-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol-induced liver disease progresses due to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cellular lipid peroxidation. Quercetin is a flavonoid with strong antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects. We investigated whether 3'-O-methyl quercetin (3'MQ) and quercetin-3-O-glucuronide (Q3GA), two metabolites of quercetin, have protective effects against ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity. Cell viability was increased by quercetin, 3'MQ, and Q3GA in HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells exposed to ethanol. Our results show that this effect was mediated by diminished ROS generation, decreased lipid peroxidation and up-regulation of antioxidant capacity, including glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase. Moreover, down-regulated heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression by ethanol was restored by quercetin, 3'MQ, and Q3GA through the activation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 and activator protein-1, but not nuclear factor-kappa B. Overall results suggest that 3'MQ, Q3GA, and quercetin attenuate oxidative stress in hepatocytes exposed to ethanol by up-regulating HO-1 expression and can be used as therapeutic agents for ameliorating alcohol-induced liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo-Jung Lee
- 1Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Biomedi Campus, Dongguk-ro 32, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10326 Republic of Korea
| | - Song-Yi Beak
- 1Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Biomedi Campus, Dongguk-ro 32, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10326 Republic of Korea
| | - Inho Choi
- 2Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hoseo University, Hoseo-ro 79-20, Asan, Chungcheongnam-do 31499 Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Suk Sung
- 1Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Biomedi Campus, Dongguk-ro 32, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10326 Republic of Korea
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Valentová K, Káňová K, Di Meo F, Pelantová H, Chambers CS, Rydlová L, Petrásková L, Křenková A, Cvačka J, Trouillas P, Křen V. Chemoenzymatic Preparation and Biophysical Properties of Sulfated Quercetin Metabolites. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112231. [PMID: 29068411 PMCID: PMC5713201 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfated quercetin derivatives are important authentic standards for metabolic studies. Quercetin-3′-O-sulfate, quercetin-4′-O-sulfate, and quercetin-3-O-sulfate as well as quercetin-di-O-sulfate mixture (quercetin-7,3′-di-O-sulfate, quercetin-7,4′-di-O-sulfate, and quercetin-3′,4′-di-O-sulfate) were synthetized by arylsulfotransferase from Desulfitobacterium hafniense. Purified monosulfates and disulfates were fully characterized using MS and NMR and tested for their 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS+) and N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine (DMPD) radical scavenging, Folin-Ciocalteau reduction (FCR), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and anti-lipoperoxidant activities in rat liver microsomes damaged by tert-butylhydroperoxide. Although, as expected, the sulfated metabolites were usually less active than quercetin, they remained still effective antiradical and reducing agents. Quercetin-3′-O-sulfate was more efficient than quercetin-4′-O-sulfate in DPPH and FCR assays. In contrast, quercetin-4′-O-sulfate was the best ferric reductant and lipoperoxidation inhibitor. The capacity to scavenge ABTS+• and DMPD was comparable for all substances, except for disulfates, which were the most efficient. Quantum calculations and molecular dynamics simulations on membrane models supported rationalization of free radical scavenging and lipid peroxidation inhibition. These results clearly showed that individual metabolites of food bioactives can markedly differ in their biological activity. Therefore, a systematic and thorough investigation of all bioavailable metabolites with respect to native compounds is needed when evaluating food health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Valentová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Kristýna Káňová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Florent Di Meo
- INSERM U850, Univ. Limoges, School of Pharmacy, 2 rue du Docteur Marcland, F-87025 Limoges, France.
| | - Helena Pelantová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | | | - Lenka Rydlová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Lucie Petrásková
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Alena Křenková
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Josef Cvačka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, CZ-16610 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Patrick Trouillas
- INSERM U850, Univ. Limoges, School of Pharmacy, 2 rue du Docteur Marcland, F-87025 Limoges, France.
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, tř. 17. listopadu 12, CZ-77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Vladimír Křen
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Prague, Czech Republic.
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Omondi EO, Engels C, Nambafu G, Schreiner M, Neugart S, Abukutsa-Onyango M, Winkelmann T. Nutritional compound analysis and morphological characterization of spider plant (Cleome gynandra) - an African indigenous leafy vegetable. Food Res Int 2017; 100:284-295. [PMID: 28873690 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Spider plant is among the important indigenous African leafy vegetables having the potential to contribute to food and nutritional security in sub-Saharan Africa. The main objective of this study was to quantify the mineral concentration, to identify and quantify glucosinolates and flavonoids in spider plant and further to characterize spider plant entries using important morphological traits. Thirty spider plant entries from different African countries, comprising of farmers' cultivars, gene bank accessions and advanced lines were grown in a field experiment and harvested for leaves, stems, flowers and siliques at different developmental stages. Five plant types based on the stem and petiole colorations were identified. Significant genotypic differences were shown for all the morphological traits except for 100 seed weight and silique weight. High mineral concentrations in the leaf tissue were observed especially for potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, manganese and zinc. The aliphatic 3-hydroxypropyl glucosinolate was the main glucosinolate detected in all tissues with the highest concentrations in the reproductive organs. Glycosides of quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin were the main flavonoids. Isorhamnetin glycosides were detected in trace amounts in both, leaves and inflorescences, while quercetin and kaempferol glycosides were the dominant flavonoids in the leaves and inflorescences, respectively. This knowledge of beneficial nutrient contents is an incentive for promoting spider plant consumption for improved human health while the morphological diversity analysis will be important for the further development of the spider plant germplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel O Omondi
- Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Woody Plant and Propagation Physiology, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christof Engels
- Department of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Godfrey Nambafu
- Department of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Monika Schreiner
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Grossbeeren, Germany
| | - Susanne Neugart
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Grossbeeren, Germany
| | - Mary Abukutsa-Onyango
- Department Horticulture, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture & Technology (JKUAT), Juja, Kenya
| | - Traud Winkelmann
- Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Woody Plant and Propagation Physiology, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
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31
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Importance of hydrogen bonding and aromaticity indices in QSAR modeling of the antioxidative capacity of selected (poly)phenolic antioxidants. J Mol Graph Model 2017; 72:240-245. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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32
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Free radical scavenging potency of quercetin catecholic colonic metabolites: Thermodynamics of 2H+/2e− processes. Food Chem 2017; 218:144-151. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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33
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Cueva C, Gil-Sánchez I, Ayuda-Durán B, González-Manzano S, González-Paramás AM, Santos-Buelga C, Bartolomé B, Moreno-Arribas MV. An Integrated View of the Effects of Wine Polyphenols and Their Relevant Metabolites on Gut and Host Health. Molecules 2017; 22:E99. [PMID: 28067835 PMCID: PMC6155716 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22010099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last few decades, polyphenols, and flavonoids in particular, have attracted the interest of researchers, as they have been associated with the health-promoting effects derived from diets rich in vegetables and fruits, including moderate wine consumption. Recent scientific evidence suggests that wine polyphenols exert their effects through interactions with the gut microbiota, as they seem to modulate microbiota and, at the same time, are metabolized by intestinal bacteria into specific bioavailable metabolites. Microbial metabolites are better absorbed than their precursors and may be responsible for positive health activities in the digestive system (local effects) and, after being absorbed, in tissues and organs (systemic effects). Differences in gut microbiota composition and functionality among individuals can affect polyphenol activity and, therefore, their health effects. The aim of this review is to integrate the understanding of the metabolism and mechanisms of action of wine polyphenols at both local and systemic levels, underlining their impact on the gut microbiome and the inter-individual variability associated with polyphenols' metabolism and further physiological effects. The advent of promising dietary approaches linked to wine polyphenols beyond the gut microbiota community and metabolism are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Cueva
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL), CSIC-UAM. Nicolás Cabrera, 9. Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Irene Gil-Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL), CSIC-UAM. Nicolás Cabrera, 9. Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Begoña Ayuda-Durán
- Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Susana González-Manzano
- Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Ana María González-Paramás
- Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Celestino Santos-Buelga
- Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Begoña Bartolomé
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL), CSIC-UAM. Nicolás Cabrera, 9. Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - M Victoria Moreno-Arribas
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL), CSIC-UAM. Nicolás Cabrera, 9. Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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Amić A, Marković Z, Marković JMD, Jeremić S, Lučić B, Amić D. Free radical scavenging and COX-2 inhibition by simple colon metabolites of polyphenols: A theoretical approach. Comput Biol Chem 2016; 65:45-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Giménez-Bastida JA, Zielinski H, Piskula M, Zielinska D, Szawara-Nowak D. Buckwheat bioactive compounds, their derived phenolic metabolites and their health benefits. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 61. [PMID: 27709826 PMCID: PMC6599964 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Buckwheat (BW) consumption has been associated with a broad range of health benefits: antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer. These beneficial effects have been partially related to the presence of flavonoids. However, some of these compounds (i.e., rutin and quercetin) are metabolized in the gastrointestinal tract generating derived phenolic metabolites. In this study, we investigated the biological activity of rutin (Ru), quercetin (Q) an their derived phenolic metabolites 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (3,4-DHPAA), 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (3-HPAA), and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylacetic acid (homovanillic acid, HVA). METHODS AND RESULTS Q showed the highest antioxidant and reducing activity, and Ru the maximum chelating activity (85.33%). Antioxidant activity of 3,4-DHPAA was 5-fold higher than that of HVA, whereas their reducing activity was similar. The formation of methylglyoxal (MGO)-BSA and glucose-BSA (advanced glycation end products) was inhibited by Ru (98.5 and 92.7%), Q (95.6 and 89.1%) and 3,4-DHPPA (84.4.6 and 77.5%). Furthermore, Q (10-50 μM) and Ru (1-50 μM) downregulated the release of PGE2 , IL-8 and MCP-1, molecules involved in the inflammatory response, in IL1β-inflamed myofibroblasts of colon CCD-18Co. CONCLUSION This study suggests that BW phytochemicals and their phenolic metabolites may be responsible for the beneficial effects against chronic diseases attributed to BW consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Antonio Giménez-Bastida
- Department of Chemistry and Biodynamics of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, Olsztyn, Poland.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Henryk Zielinski
- Department of Chemistry and Biodynamics of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Mariusz Piskula
- Department of Chemistry and Biodynamics of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Danuta Zielinska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Dorota Szawara-Nowak
- Department of Chemistry and Biodynamics of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, Olsztyn, Poland
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Yang P, Xu F, Li HF, Wang Y, Li FC, Shang MY, Liu GX, Wang X, Cai SQ. Detection of 191 Taxifolin Metabolites and Their Distribution in Rats Using HPLC-ESI-IT-TOF-MS(n). Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21091209. [PMID: 27649117 PMCID: PMC6273498 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21091209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Taxifolin is a ubiquitous bioactive constituent of foods and herbs. To thoroughly explore its metabolism in vivo, an HPLC-ESI-IT-TOF-MSn method combined with specific metabolite detection strategy was used to detect and identify the metabolites of taxifolin in rats. Of the 191 metabolites tentatively identified, 154 were new metabolites, 69 were new compounds and 32 were dimers. This is the first report of the in vivo biotransformation of a single compound into more than 100 metabolites. Furthermore, acetylamination and pyroglutamic acid conjugation were identified as new metabolic reactions. Seventeen metabolites were found to have various taxifolin-related bioactivities. The potential targets of taxifolin and 63 metabolites were predicted using PharmMapper, with results showing that more than 60 metabolites have the same five targets. Metabolites with the same fragment pattern may have the same pharmacophore. Thus these metabolites may exert the same pharmacological effects as taxifolin through an additive effect on the same drug targets. This observation indicates that taxifolin is bioactive not only in the parent form, but also through its metabolites. These findings enhance understanding of the metabolism and effective forms of taxifolin and may provide further insight of the beneficial effects of taxifolin and its derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Feng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Hong-Fu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Feng-Chun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Ming-Ying Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Guang-Xue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Xuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Shao-Qing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
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Karaman Ersoy Ş, Tütem E, Sözgen Başkan K, Apak R, Nergiz C. Preparation, characterization and usage of molecularly imprinted polymer for the isolation of quercetin from hydrolyzed nettle extract. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1017-1018:89-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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38
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Damerum A, Selmes SL, Biggi GF, Clarkson GJJ, Rothwell SD, Truco MJ, Michelmore RW, Hancock RD, Shellcock C, Chapman MA, Taylor G. Elucidating the genetic basis of antioxidant status in lettuce (Lactuca sativa). HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2015; 2:15055. [PMID: 26640696 PMCID: PMC4660231 DOI: 10.1038/hortres.2015.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A diet rich in phytonutrients from fruit and vegetables has been acknowledged to afford protection against a range of human diseases, but many of the most popular vegetables are low in phytonutrients. Wild relatives of crops may contain allelic variation for genes determining the concentrations of these beneficial phytonutrients, and therefore understanding the genetic basis of this variation is important for breeding efforts to enhance nutritional quality. In this study, lettuce recombinant inbred lines, generated from a cross between wild and cultivated lettuce (Lactuca serriola and Lactuca sativa, respectively), were analysed for antioxidant (AO) potential and important phytonutrients including carotenoids, chlorophyll and phenolic compounds. When grown in two environments, 96 quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified for these nutritional traits: 4 for AO potential, 2 for carotenoid content, 3 for total chlorophyll content and 87 for individual phenolic compounds (two per compound on average). Most often, the L. serriola alleles conferred an increase in total AOs and metabolites. Candidate genes underlying these QTL were identified by BLASTn searches; in several cases, these had functions suggesting involvement in phytonutrient biosynthetic pathways. Analysis of a QTL on linkage group 3, which accounted for >30% of the variation in AO potential, revealed several candidate genes encoding multiple MYB transcription factors which regulate flavonoid biosynthesis and flavanone 3-hydroxylase, an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of the flavonoids quercetin and kaempferol, which are known to have powerful AO activity. Follow-up quantitative RT-PCR of these candidates revealed that 5 out of 10 genes investigated were significantly differentially expressed between the wild and cultivated parents, providing further evidence of their potential involvement in determining the contrasting phenotypes. These results offer exciting opportunities to improve the nutritional content and health benefits of lettuce through marker-assisted breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle Damerum
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Life Sciences, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Stacey L Selmes
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Life Sciences, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Gaia F Biggi
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Life Sciences, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Graham JJ Clarkson
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Life Sciences, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- Vitacress Limited, Lower Link Farm, St Mary Bourne, Andover, Hampshire SP11 6DB, UK
| | - Steve D Rothwell
- Vitacress Limited, Lower Link Farm, St Mary Bourne, Andover, Hampshire SP11 6DB, UK
| | - Maria José Truco
- The Genome Centre and the Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Richard W Michelmore
- The Genome Centre and the Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | | | | | - Mark A Chapman
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Life Sciences, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Gail Taylor
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Life Sciences, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
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Tedesco D, Garavaglia L, Spagnuolo MS, Pferschy-Wenzig EM, Bauer R, Franz C. In vivo assessment of an industrial waste product as a feed additive in dairy cows: Effects of larch (Larix decidua L.) sawdust on blood parameters and milk composition. Vet J 2015; 206:322-6. [PMID: 26526868 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
When larch (Larix spp.) is processed in the wood industry, the sawdust is currently disposed of as waste or used as combustible material, even though it is rich in biologically active compounds. In this study the effect of larch sawdust supplementation on blood parameters as well as milk composition was examined in healthy mid-lactating dairy cows. Twenty-four multiparous Italian Friesian dairy cows were assigned to groups receiving either 300 g/day/cow of larch sawdust or a control diet, and treatments were continued for a 20 day period. Milk parameters were unaffected by treatment. A lower plasma total protein concentration was observed and can be attributed to a decrease in globulin concentration. A lower plasma urea concentration was also detected in the larch group. Moreover, biomarkers of liver function were influenced by the treatment. Total bilirubin was lower in larch-treated animals, and cholesterol tended to be lower. In addition, an interaction between day and treatment was observed for very low density lipoprotein. The concentration of other parameters, including reactive oxygen metabolites, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and nitrotyrosine, did not differ between treatments. The observed benefits, together with the good palatability, make larch sawdust a promising candidate for the development of beneficial feed supplements for livestock. Further studies will be useful, particularly to evaluate its efficacy in different health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Tedesco
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - L Garavaglia
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - M S Spagnuolo
- Institute of Animal Production Systems in Mediterranean Environments (ISPAAM), National Research Council (CNR), Via Argine 1085, 80147 Naples, Italy
| | - E M Pferschy-Wenzig
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - R Bauer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - C Franz
- Institute for Applied Botany and Pharmacognosy, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
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40
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QSAR of the free radical scavenging potency of selected hydroxybenzoic acids and simple phenolics. CR CHIM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Delgado L, Fernandes I, González-Manzano S, de Freitas V, Mateus N, Santos-Buelga C. Anti-proliferative effects of quercetin and catechin metabolites. Food Funct 2014; 5:797-803. [PMID: 24573487 DOI: 10.1039/c3fo60441a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Dietary flavonoids have been associated with a lower incidence of some chronic diseases. However, the mechanisms behind the in vivo biological activity of flavonoids are still mostly unknown. Flavonoids are metabolized in the human body to conjugated forms (methylated, sulphated and glucuronidated derivatives) that should play a role in flavonoid activity. In this study, the anti-proliferative effects of conjugated metabolites of quercetin and (epi)catechin, major flavonoids in the diet, have been evaluated against three different cancer cell lines from breast (MCF-7), colon (Caco-2) and pancreas (BxPC-3) and one normal cell line of human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF-1), and compared with the effect of their unconjugated forms. Quercetin showed anti-proliferative activity on the three assayed cell models, whereas catechin and epicatechin were not active. Methylation on ring-B of quercetin decreased the anti-proliferative effects, especially when the methylation occurred in position 3' (isorhamnetin), although methylated metabolites still showed significant anti-proliferative activity. As to catechins, 4'-O-methyl-epicatechin and 3'-O-methyl-epicatechin were the only ones to show some activity on MCF-7 and BxPC-3 cell lines, respectively. Conjugation of quercetin with glucose or glucuronic acid eliminated the anti-proliferative effects of aglycones. Sulphated metabolites were also tested and found to be inactive in most of the explored cell lines, although quercetin-4'-O-sulphate and epicatechin-3'-O-sulphate still showed some anti-proliferative activity on MCF-7 and Caco-2 cells, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Delgado
- Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles, Unidad de Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Salamanca, Facultad de Farmacia, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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Wiczkowski W, Szawara-Nowak D, Topolska J, Olejarz K, Zieliński H, Piskuła MK. Metabolites of dietary quercetin: Profile, isolation, identification, and antioxidant capacity. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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43
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Szawara-Nowak D, Koutsidis G, Wiczkowski W, Zieliński H. Evaluation of the in vitro inhibitory effects of buckwheat enhanced wheat bread extracts on the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). Lebensm Wiss Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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44
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Biotransformation and resulting biological properties of green tea polyphenols produced by probiotic bacteria. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2014.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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45
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Lee J, Choi JR, Ha SK, Choi I, Lee SH, Kim D, Choi N, Sung JH. A microfluidic device for evaluating the dynamics of the metabolism-dependent antioxidant activity of nutrients. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:2948-2957. [PMID: 24920301 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00332b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Various food components are known for their health-promoting effects. However, their biochemical effects are generally evaluated in vitro, and their actual in vivo effect can vary significantly, depending on their metabolic profiles. To evaluate the effect of the liver metabolism on the antioxidant activity, we have developed a two-compartment microfluidic system that integrates the dynamics of liver metabolism and the subsequent antioxidant activity of food components. In the first compartment of the device, human liver enzyme fractions were immobilized inside a poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogel to mimic the liver metabolism. The radical scavenging activity was evaluated by the change of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) absorbance in the second compartment. Reaction engineering and fluid mechanics principles were used to develop a simplified analytical model and a more complex finite element model, which were used to design the chip and determine the optimal flow conditions. For real-time measurements of the reaction on a chip, we developed a custom-made photospectrometer system with an LED light source. The developed microfluidic system showed a linear and dose-dependent antioxidant activity in response to increasing concentration of flavonoid. We also compared the antioxidant activity of flavonoid after various liver metabolic reactions. This microfluidic system can serve as a novel in vitro platform for predicting the antioxidant activity of various food components in a more physiologically realistic manner, as well as for studying the mechanism of action of such food components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungwoo Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul, Korea.
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46
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47
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Characterization and Modulation of Glucose Uptake in a Human Blood–Brain Barrier Model. J Membr Biol 2013; 246:669-77. [DOI: 10.1007/s00232-013-9583-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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48
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49
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Benzophenone Suppression of Quercetin Antioxidant Activity towards Lipids under UV-B Irradiation Regime: Detection by HPLC Chromatography. J CHEM-NY 2013. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/761675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Quercetin, a well-known flavonoid antioxidant, has been employed to control benzophenone-sensitized peroxidation of the lipid mixture in methanol solution, induced by continuous UV-B irradiation. Surprisingly, the detected quercetin antioxidant activity was almost negligible. The presented data suggests that the reason is not in its own UV-B-induced degradation but rather in its interrelationship with benzophenone during UV-B stress. On the other side of this relationship, benzophenone anticipated sensitizing role towards lipids; that is, the initiation of lipid peroxidation has been affected as well. These results, obtained by HPLC chromatography, partly confirm but partly relativize to some extent recent results obtained with the same system by spectrophotometric method.
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Beekmann K, Actis-Goretta L, van Bladeren PJ, Dionisi F, Destaillats F, Rietjens IMCM. A state-of-the-art overview of the effect of metabolic conjugation on the biological activity of flavonoids. Food Funct 2012; 3:1008-18. [DOI: 10.1039/c2fo30065f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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