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Oslan SNH, Yusof NY, Lim SJ, Ahmad NH. Rapid and sensitive detection of Salmonella in agro-Food and environmental samples: A review of advances in rapid tests and biosensors. J Microbiol Methods 2024; 219:106897. [PMID: 38342249 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2024.106897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Salmonella is as an intracellular bacterium, causing many human fatalities when the host-specific serotypes reach the host gastrointestinal tract. Nontyphoidal Salmonella are responsible for numerous foodborne outbreaks and product recalls worldwide whereas typhoidal Salmonella are responsible for Typhoid fever cases in developing countries. Yet, Salmonella-related foodborne disease outbreaks through its food and water contaminations have urged the advancement of rapid and sensitive Salmonella-detecting methods for public health protection. While conventional detection methods are time-consuming and ineffective for monitoring foodstuffs with short shelf lives, advances in microbiology, molecular biology and biosensor methods have hastened the detection. Here, the review discusses Salmonella pathogenic mechanisms and its detection technology advancements (fundamental concepts, features, implementations, efficiency, benefits, limitations and prospects). The time-efficiency of each rapid test method is discussed in relation to their limit of detections (LODs) and time required from sample enrichment to final data analysis. Importantly, the matrix effects (LODs and sample enrichments) were compared within the methods to potentially speculate Salmonella detection from environmental, clinical or food matrices using certain techniques. Although biotechnological advancements have led to various time-efficient Salmonella-detecting techniques, one should consider the usage of sophisticated equipment to run the analysis by moderately to highly trained personnel. Ultimately, a fast, accurate Salmonella screening that is readily executed by untrained personnels from various matrices, is desired for public health procurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Nur Hazwani Oslan
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia; Food Security Research Laboratory, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
| | - Nik Yusnoraini Yusof
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Si Jie Lim
- Enzyme Technology and X-ray Crystallography Laboratory, VacBio 5, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Enzyme and Microbial Technology (EMTech) Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Hawa Ahmad
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Delgado E, Katchman B, Stice S, Calle A. Independent evaluation of a DNA microarray system for Salmonella detection in ground beef. Food Microbiol 2024; 118:104406. [PMID: 38049268 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2023.104406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
A new DNA microarray test kit has been developed to detect foodborne pathogens in various food matrices. This study focuses on evaluating the PathogenDx microarray-based system to detect Salmonella in ground beef and verify critical parameters that could interfere with the method's effectiveness, such as enrichment incubation time, ground beef fat content, inclusivity, exclusivity, and analytical sensitivity. Sample preparation protocols were evaluated at 6, 8, 12, 18, and 24 h enrichment times at varying bacterial levels to identify optimal conditions to detect the invA gene using the PathogenDx microarray. An 8 h enrichment step was selected based on 100% detection when initial inoculum levels were ≥5 CFU/g, and fractional detection was achieved when the concentration was as low as 1 CFU/g. Thus, the detection of Salmonella using the PathogenDx microarray system can be conducted in 12.5 h, including sample preparation, labeling PCR, hybridization, and analysis. Regarding fat content, there was no significant difference in detection rates of PathogenDx protocol among the highest and lowest commercially sold lean-to-fat ratios of ground beef. Inclusivity and exclusivity experiments showed that Salmonella was correctly identified 100% of the time. Using the ground beef matrix, PathogenDx method is comparable to the United States Department of Agriculture's Microbiology Laboratory Guidebook methodology for detection, which correctly identified Salmonella in 100% of the samples. Salmonella was detected between 93.33 and 100% when ground beef was inoculated with 1 and 5 CFU/g, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Delgado
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA
| | | | | | - Alexandra Calle
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA.
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Qiao Z, Xue L, Sun M, Zhang M, Chen M, Xu X, Yang W, Wang R. Highly sensitive detection of Salmonella based on dual-functional HCR-mediated multivalent aptamer and amplification-free CRISPR/Cas12a system. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1284:341998. [PMID: 37996158 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salmonella infection severely threatens human health and causes substantial medical and financial concerns. Sensitive and specific detection of Salmonella in food samples is crucial but remains challenging. While some traditional assays for S. typhimurium are reliable, they suffer from various limitations, such as being time-consuming (culture-based methods), involving intricate nucleic molecular extraction (polymerization chain reaction, PCR), and exhibiting inadequate sensitivity (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA). In this case, it is essential to establish a rapid, simple-operation, and sensitive method for monitoring S. typhimurium to preserve food quality and prevent contamination. RESULT Herein, an amplification-free detection method for Salmonella was developed by coupling the aptamer magnetic separation with dual-functional HCR (hybridization chain reaction)-scaffold multivalent aptamer and the activity of CRISPR/Cas12a. In the detection system, the dual-functional HCR-scaffold multivalent aptamer with high binding affinity and specificity was fabricated in advance by assembling numerous Salmonella specific aptamers on the long HCR products. In addition to the enhanced affinity, the HCR-multiApt also contains a massive amount of repeated CRISPR-targetable DNA units in its HCR scaffold, which could trigger the trans-cleavage activity of Cas12a. In the presence of target bacteria, the HCR-scaffold multivalent aptamer could attach on the surface of bacteria effectively and amplified the signal of bacteria into CRISPR/Cas12a based fluorescent readout. The proposed detection system allowed for ultrasensitive detection of Salmonella in a linear range from 100 to 107 cfu mL-1 with a LOD (limit of detection) of 2 cfu mL-1. SIGNIFICANCE The novel dual-functional HCR-multiApt presents a simple and powerful strategy for improving the aptamer binding affinity toward Salmonella. Simultaneously, integrating this dual-functional HCR-multiApt with the CRISPR/Cas12a system significantly enhances the sensitivity by cascade signal amplification in a nucleic acids amplification-free way. Finally, leveraging the versatility of the aptamer, this highly sensitive method can be further extended for application in the detection of other bacteria, food safety monitoring, or clinical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315800, China.
| | - Liangliang Xue
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315800, China
| | - Mengni Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315800, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315800, China
| | - Min Chen
- Ningbo Fotile Kitchen Ware Company, Ningbo, 315336, China
| | - Xia Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Wenge Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315800, China
| | - Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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Silva GBL, Campos FV, Guimarães MCC, Oliveira JP. Recent Developments in Lateral Flow Assays for Salmonella Detection in Food Products: A Review. Pathogens 2023; 12:1441. [PMID: 38133324 PMCID: PMC10747123 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12121441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonellosis is a disease transmitted by contaminated food and is one of the leading causes of infections worldwide, making the early detection of Salmonella of crucial importance for public health. However, current detection methods are laborious and time-consuming, thus impacting the entire food supply chain and leading to production losses and economic sanctions. To mitigate these issues, a number of different biosensors have been developed, including lateral flow assays (LFAs), which have emerged as valuable tools in pathogen detection due to their portability, ease of use, time efficiency, and cost effectiveness. The performance of LFAs has been considerably enhanced by the development of new nanomaterials over the years. In this review, we address the principles and formats of the assay and discuss future prospects and challenges with an emphasis on LFAs developed for the detection of different Salmonella serovars in food.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jairo P. Oliveira
- Morphology Department, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av Marechal Campos 1468, Vitória 29040-090, Brazil; (G.B.L.S.); (F.V.C.); (M.C.C.G.)
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Pena-Hernandez DC, Joneson J, Wilkes RP, Hendrix GK. Evaluation of RapidChek® SELECT™ for the detection of Salmonella spp. in environmental samples from a veterinary hospital. J Microbiol Methods 2023; 214:106843. [PMID: 37852476 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2023.106843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Nosocomial salmonellosis in hospitalized animals is a recognized hazard, especially in large animal clinics. A standardized culture protocol (SCP) for detecting Salmonella spp. in environmental samples using a 48-h enrichment step results in a 5-day turnaround time for negative results. The RapidChek® SELECT™ Salmonella (RCSS) test system offers detection of organisms in 22-44 h through double enrichment followed by a lateral flow immunoassay. Negative results are reported within 48 h. To determine the most sensitive and rapid method for detecting Salmonella spp. from environmental samples collected at the large animal Purdue Veterinary Hospital (LA-PVH), a preliminary study compared the performance of RCSS and a SCP when testing artificially spiked and naturally contaminated samples. An expanded study analyzed results obtained using the RCSS method to test 872 environmental samples over a 12-month period. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry was chosen as the confirmation method for RCSS-presumptive positive samples. A randomly selected subset of samples received additional confirmation by real-time PCR. Here, we reported the performance data of RCSS in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value using MALDI-TOF results as reference for comparison. We also provide guidelines for reporting results obtained using this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela C Pena-Hernandez
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States; Indiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, 406 S University St, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States.
| | - Jessica Joneson
- Indiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, 406 S University St, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Rebecca P Wilkes
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States; Indiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, 406 S University St, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - G Kenitra Hendrix
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States; Indiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, 406 S University St, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
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Ma N, Sun M, Shi H, Xue L, Zhang M, Yang W, Dang Y, Qiao Z. A Colorimetric/Fluorescent Dual-Mode Aptasensor for Salmonella Based on the Magnetic Separation of Aptamers and a DNA-Nanotriangle Programmed Multivalent Aptamer. Foods 2023; 12:3853. [PMID: 37893744 PMCID: PMC10606715 DOI: 10.3390/foods12203853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella infection has emerged as a global health threat, causing death, disability, and socioeconomic disruption worldwide. The rapid and sensitive detection of Salmonella is of great significance in guaranteeing food safety. Herein, we developed a colorimetric/fluorescent dual-mode method based on a DNA-nanotriangle programmed multivalent aptamer for the sensitive detection of Salmonella. In this system, aptamers are precisely controlled and assembled on a DNA nanotriangle structure to fabricate a multivalent aptamer (NTri-Multi-Apt) with enhanced binding affinity and specificity toward Salmonella. The NTri-Multi-Apt was designed to carry many streptavidin-HRPs for colorimetric read-outs and a large load of Sybr green I in the dsDNA scaffold for the output of a fluorescent signal. Therefore, combined with the magnetic separation of aptamers and the prefabricated NTri-Multi-Apt, the dual-mode approach achieved simple and sensitive detection, with LODs of 316 and 60 CFU/mL for colorimetric and fluorescent detection, respectively. Notably, the fluorescent mode provided a self-calibrated and fivefold-improved sensitivity over colorimetric detection. Systematic results also revealed that the proposed dual-mode method exhibited high specificity and applicability for milk, egg white, and chicken meat samples, serving as a promising tool for real bacterial sample testing. As a result, the innovative dual-mode detection method showed new insights for the detection of other pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Ma
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Mengni Sun
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Hanxing Shi
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Liangliang Xue
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Min Zhang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Wenge Yang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Yali Dang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Zhaohui Qiao
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
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Kabiraz MP, Majumdar PR, Mahmud MC, Bhowmik S, Ali A. Conventional and advanced detection techniques of foodborne pathogens: A comprehensive review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15482. [PMID: 37151686 PMCID: PMC10161726 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Foodborne pathogens are a major public health concern and have a significant economic impact globally. From harvesting to consumption stages, food is generally contaminated by viruses, parasites, and bacteria, which causes foodborne diseases such as hemorrhagic colitis, hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), typhoid, acute, gastroenteritis, diarrhea, and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). Hence, early detection of foodborne pathogenic microbes is essential to ensure a safe food supply and to prevent foodborne diseases. The identification of foodborne pathogens is associated with conventional (e.g., culture-based, biochemical test-based, immunological-based, and nucleic acid-based methods) and advances (e.g., hybridization-based, array-based, spectroscopy-based, and biosensor-based process) techniques. For industrial food applications, detection methods could meet parameters such as accuracy level, efficiency, quickness, specificity, sensitivity, and non-labor intensive. This review provides an overview of conventional and advanced techniques used to detect foodborne pathogens over the years. Therefore, the scientific community, policymakers, and food and agriculture industries can choose an appropriate method for better results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meera Probha Kabiraz
- Department of Biotechnology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Priyanka Rani Majumdar
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Department of Fisheries and Marine Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - M.M. Chayan Mahmud
- CASS Food Research Centre, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | - Shuva Bhowmik
- Department of Fisheries and Marine Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
- Centre for Bioengineering and Nanomedicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
- Corresponding author. Centre for Bioengineering and Nanomedicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.
| | - Azam Ali
- Centre for Bioengineering and Nanomedicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
- Corresponding author.
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Kang Y, Shi S, Sun H, Dan J, Liang Y, Zhang Q, Su Z, Wang J, Zhang W. Magnetic Nanoseparation Technology for Efficient Control of Microorganisms and Toxins in Foods: A Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:16050-16068. [PMID: 36533981 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Outbreaks of foodborne diseases mediated by food microorganisms and toxins remain one of the leading causes of disease and death worldwide. It not only poses a serious threat to human health and safety but also imposes a huge burden on health care and socioeconomics. Traditional methods for the removal and detection of pathogenic bacteria and toxins in various samples such as food and drinking water have certain limitations, requiring a rapid and sensitive strategy for the enrichment and separation of target analytes. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) exhibit excellent performance in this field due to their fascinating properties. The strategy of combining biorecognition elements with MNPs can be used for fast and efficient enrichment and isolation of pathogens. In this review, we describe new trends and practical applications of magnetic nanoseparation technology in the detection of foodborne microorganisms and toxins. We mainly summarize the biochemical modification and functionalization methods of commonly used magnetic nanomaterial carriers and discuss the application of magnetic separation combined with other instrumental analysis techniques. Combined with various detection techniques, it will increase the efficiency of detection and identification of microorganisms and toxins in rapid assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Kang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Shuo Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Hao Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Jie Dan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Yanmin Liang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Qiuping Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Zehui Su
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Jianlong Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Wentao Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
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Aptamer-AuNP-conjugated carboxymethyl chitosan-functionalized graphene oxide for colorimetric identification of Salmonella typhimurium. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:408. [PMID: 36205828 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05494-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
Abstract
A novel aptamer-AuNP-conjugated carboxymethyl chitosan-functionalized graphene oxide (CMC/GO@Apt-Au NP) probe was for the first time developed for the determination of Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium). Owing to the conformational change of the aptamers in the presence of S. typhimurium, the Au NPs, which were pre-adsorbed on the aptamers through van der Waals forces, were released into the solution phase and induced the color change of the solution. As a result, S. typhimurium ranging from 102 to 107 CFU/mL was successfully identified using the designed assay with a limit of detection (LOD) of 10 CFU/mL. This low detection level allowed the sensitive recognition of S. typhimurium in milk samples within 40 min without sample pretreatment, a conclusion that agreed well with the traditional plate counting method. The developed method not only provides a rapid way for the determination of S. typhimurium with simplicity and sensitivity but also shows potential universality in the quantification of other pathogenic microorganisms.
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Liu S, Zhao K, Huang M, Zeng M, Deng Y, Li S, Chen H, Li W, Chen Z. Research progress on detection techniques for point-of-care testing of foodborne pathogens. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:958134. [PMID: 36003541 PMCID: PMC9393618 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.958134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The global burden of foodborne disease is enormous and foodborne pathogens are the leading cause of human illnesses. The detection of foodborne pathogenic bacteria has become a research hotspot in recent years. Rapid detection methods based on immunoassay, molecular biology, microfluidic chip, metabolism, biosensor, and mass spectrometry have developed rapidly and become the main methods for the detection of foodborne pathogens. This study reviewed a variety of rapid detection methods in recent years. The research advances are introduced based on the above technical methods for the rapid detection of foodborne pathogenic bacteria. The study also discusses the limitations of existing methods and their advantages and future development direction, to form an overall understanding of the detection methods, and for point-of-care testing (POCT) applications to accurately and rapidly diagnose and control diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Kaixuan Zhao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Meiyuan Huang
- Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Meimei Zeng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Yan Deng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Song Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Wen Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Zhu Chen
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhu Chen,
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Nnachi RC, Sui N, Ke B, Luo Z, Bhalla N, He D, Yang Z. Biosensors for rapid detection of bacterial pathogens in water, food and environment. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 166:107357. [PMID: 35777116 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Conventional techniques (e.g., culture-based method) for bacterial detection typically require a central laboratory and well-trained technicians, which may take several hours or days. However, recent developments within various disciplines of science and engineering have led to a major paradigm shift in how microorganisms can be detected. The analytical sensors which are widely used for medical applications in the literature are being extended for rapid and on-site monitoring of the bacterial pathogens in food, water and the environment. Especially, within the low-resource settings such as low and middle-income countries, due to the advantages of low cost, rapidness and potential for field-testing, their use is indispensable for sustainable development of the regions. Within this context, this paper discusses analytical methods and biosensors which can be used to ensure food safety, water quality and environmental monitoring. In brief, most of our discussion is focused on various rapid sensors including biosensors and microfluidic chips. The analytical performances such as the sensitivity, specificity and usability of these sensors, as well as a brief comparison with the conventional techniques for bacteria detection, form the core part of the discussion. Furthermore, we provide a holistic viewpoint on how future research should focus on exploring the synergy of different sensing technologies by developing an integrated multiplexed, sensitive and accurate sensors that will enable rapid detection for food safety, water and environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Chukwuka Nnachi
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Milton Keynes MK43, 0AL, United Kingdom
| | - Ning Sui
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Bowen Ke
- Laboratory of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 61004, PR China
| | - Zhenhua Luo
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Milton Keynes MK43, 0AL, United Kingdom
| | - Nikhil Bhalla
- Nanotechnology and Integrated Bioengineering Centre (NIBEC), School of Engineering, Ulster University, Shore Road, BT37 0QB Jordanstown, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom; Healthcare Technology Hub, Ulster University, Jordanstown Shore Road, BT37 0QB, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Daping He
- School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhugen Yang
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Milton Keynes MK43, 0AL, United Kingdom.
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Angelopoulou M, Petrou P, Misiakos K, Raptis I, Kakabakos S. Simultaneous Detection of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Drinking Water and Milk with Mach–Zehnder Interferometers Monolithically Integrated on Silicon Chips. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12070507. [PMID: 35884310 PMCID: PMC9313075 DOI: 10.3390/bios12070507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The consumption of water and milk contaminated with bacteria can lead to foodborne disease outbreaks. For this reason, the development of rapid and sensitive analytical methods for bacteria detection is of primary importance for public health protection. Here, a miniaturized immunosensor based on broadband Mach–Zehnder Interferometry for the simultaneous determination of S. typhimurium and E. coli O157:H7 in drinking water and milk is presented. For the assay, mixtures of bacteria solutions with anti-bacteria-specific antibodies were run over the chip, followed by solutions of biotinylated anti-species-specific antibody and streptavidin. The assay was fast (10 min for water, 15 min for milk), accurate, sensitive (LOD: 40 cfu/mL for S. typhimurium; 110 cfu/mL for E. coli) and reproducible. The analytical characteristics achieved combined with the small chip size make the proposed biosensor suitable for on-site bacteria determination in drinking water and milk samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michailia Angelopoulou
- Immunoassays–Immunosensors Lab, Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15341 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece;
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (S.K.); Tel.: +30-2106503819 (M.A. & S.K.)
| | - Panagiota Petrou
- Immunoassays–Immunosensors Lab, Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15341 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece;
| | - Konstantinos Misiakos
- Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15341 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece; (K.M.); (I.R.)
| | - Ioannis Raptis
- Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15341 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece; (K.M.); (I.R.)
| | - Sotirios Kakabakos
- Immunoassays–Immunosensors Lab, Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15341 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece;
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (S.K.); Tel.: +30-2106503819 (M.A. & S.K.)
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13
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Angelopoulou M, Petrou P, Misiakos K, Raptis I, Kakabakos S. Simultaneous Detection of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Drinking Water and Milk with Mach-Zehnder Interferometers Monolithically Integrated on Silicon Chips. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12070507. [PMID: 35884310 DOI: 10.3390/iecb2022-12269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The consumption of water and milk contaminated with bacteria can lead to foodborne disease outbreaks. For this reason, the development of rapid and sensitive analytical methods for bacteria detection is of primary importance for public health protection. Here, a miniaturized immunosensor based on broadband Mach-Zehnder Interferometry for the simultaneous determination of S. typhimurium and E. coli O157:H7 in drinking water and milk is presented. For the assay, mixtures of bacteria solutions with anti-bacteria-specific antibodies were run over the chip, followed by solutions of biotinylated anti-species-specific antibody and streptavidin. The assay was fast (10 min for water, 15 min for milk), accurate, sensitive (LOD: 40 cfu/mL for S. typhimurium; 110 cfu/mL for E. coli) and reproducible. The analytical characteristics achieved combined with the small chip size make the proposed biosensor suitable for on-site bacteria determination in drinking water and milk samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michailia Angelopoulou
- Immunoassays-Immunosensors Lab, Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, NCSR "Demokritos", 15341 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Panagiota Petrou
- Immunoassays-Immunosensors Lab, Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, NCSR "Demokritos", 15341 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Misiakos
- Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, NCSR "Demokritos", 15341 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Ioannis Raptis
- Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, NCSR "Demokritos", 15341 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Sotirios Kakabakos
- Immunoassays-Immunosensors Lab, Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, NCSR "Demokritos", 15341 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
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Du J, Ma B, Li J, Wang Y, Dou T, Xu S, Zhang M. Rapid Detection and Differentiation of Legionella pneumophila and Non-Legionella pneumophila Species by Using Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Combined With EuNPs-Based Lateral Flow Immunochromatography. Front Chem 2022; 9:815189. [PMID: 35198541 PMCID: PMC8859533 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.815189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Legionella, a waterborne pathogen, is the main cause of Legionnaires’ disease. Therefore, timely and accurate detection and differentiation of Legionella pneumophila and non-Legionella pneumophila species is crucial. In this study, we develop an easy and rapid recombinase polymerase amplification assay combined with EuNPs-based lateral flow immunochromatography (EuNPs-LFIC-RPA) to specifically distinguish Legionella pneumophila and non-Legionella pneumophila. We designed primers based on the mip gene of Legionella pneumophila and the 5S rRNA gene of non-Legionella pneumophila. The recombinase polymerase amplification reaction could go to completion in 10 min at 37°C, and the amplification products could be detected within 5 min with EuNPs-LFIC strips. Using a florescent test strip reader, the quantitative results were achieved by reading the colored signal intensities on the strips. The sensitivity was 1.6 × 101 CFU/ml, and a linear standard linear curve plotted from the test strip reader had a correlation coefficient for the determination of Legionella pneumophila (R2 = 0.9516). Completed concordance for the presence or absence of Legionella pneumophila by EuNPs-LFIC-RPA and qPCR was 97.32% (κ = 0.79, 95% CI), according to an analysis of practical water samples (n = 112). In short, this work shows the feasibility of EuNPs-LFIC-RPA for efficient and rapid monitoring of Legionella pneumophila and non-Legionella pneumophila in water samples.
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Overview of Rapid Detection Methods for Salmonella in Foods: Progress and Challenges. Foods 2021; 10:foods10102402. [PMID: 34681451 PMCID: PMC8535149 DOI: 10.3390/foods10102402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella contamination in food production and processing is a serious threat to consumer health. More and more rapid detection methods have been proposed to compensate for the inefficiency of traditional bacterial cultures to suppress the high prevalence of Salmonella more efficiently. The contamination of Salmonella in foods can be identified by recognition elements and screened using rapid detection methods with different measurable signals (optical, electrical, etc.). Therefore, the different signal transduction mechanisms and Salmonella recognition elements are the key of the sensitivity, accuracy and specificity for the rapid detection methods. In this review, the bioreceptors for Salmonella were firstly summarized and described, then the current promising Salmonella rapid detection methods in foodstuffs with different signal transduction were objectively summarized and evaluated. Moreover, the challenges faced by these methods in practical monitoring and the development prospect were also emphasized to shed light on a new perspective for the Salmonella rapid detection methods applications.
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Advancement in Salmonella Detection Methods: From Conventional to Electrochemical-Based Sensing Detection. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2021; 11:bios11090346. [PMID: 34562936 PMCID: PMC8468554 DOI: 10.3390/bios11090346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale food-borne outbreaks caused by Salmonella are rarely seen nowadays, thanks to the advanced nature of the medical system. However, small, localised outbreaks in certain regions still exist and could possess a huge threat to the public health if eradication measure is not initiated. This review discusses the progress of Salmonella detection approaches covering their basic principles, characteristics, applications, and performances. Conventional Salmonella detection is usually performed using a culture-based method, which is time-consuming, labour intensive, and unsuitable for on-site testing and high-throughput analysis. To date, there are many detection methods with a unique detection system available for Salmonella detection utilising immunological-based techniques, molecular-based techniques, mass spectrometry, spectroscopy, optical phenotyping, and biosensor methods. The electrochemical biosensor has growing interest in Salmonella detection mainly due to its excellent sensitivity, rapidity, and portability. The use of a highly specific bioreceptor, such as aptamers, and the application of nanomaterials are contributing factors to these excellent characteristics. Furthermore, insight on the types of biorecognition elements, the principles of electrochemical transduction elements, and the miniaturisation potential of electrochemical biosensors are discussed.
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Chen K, Ma B, Li J, Chen E, Xu Y, Yu X, Sun C, Zhang M. A Rapid and Sensitive Europium Nanoparticle-Based Lateral Flow Immunoassay Combined with Recombinase Polymerase Amplification for Simultaneous Detection of Three Food-Borne Pathogens. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094574. [PMID: 33925871 PMCID: PMC8123443 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Food-borne pathogens have become an important public threat to human health. There are many kinds of pathogenic bacteria in food consumed daily. A rapid and sensitive testing method for multiple food-borne pathogens is essential. Europium nanoparticles (EuNPs) are used as fluorescent probes in lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs) to improve sensitivity. Here, recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) combined with fluorescent LFIA was established for the simultaneous and quantitative detection of Listeria monocytogenes, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Escherichia coliO157:H7. In this work, the entire experimental process could be completed in 20 min at 37 °C. The limits of detection (LODs) of EuNP-based LFIA–RPA were 9.0 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL for Listeria monocytogenes, 7.0 CFU/mL for Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and 4.0 CFU/mL for Escherichia coliO157:H7. No cross-reaction could be observed in 22 bacterial strains. The fluorescent LFIA–RPA assay exhibits high sensitivity and good specificity. Moreover, the average recovery of the three food-borne pathogens spiked in food samples was 90.9–114.2%. The experiments indicate the accuracy and reliability of the multiple fluorescent test strips. Our developed EuNP-based LFIA–RPA assay is a promising analytical tool for the rapid and simultaneous detection of multiple low concentrations of food-borne pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (K.C.); (B.M.); (J.L.); (E.C.); (Y.X.); (X.Y.)
| | - Biao Ma
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (K.C.); (B.M.); (J.L.); (E.C.); (Y.X.); (X.Y.)
| | - Jiali Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (K.C.); (B.M.); (J.L.); (E.C.); (Y.X.); (X.Y.)
| | - Erjing Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (K.C.); (B.M.); (J.L.); (E.C.); (Y.X.); (X.Y.)
| | - Ying Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (K.C.); (B.M.); (J.L.); (E.C.); (Y.X.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xiaoping Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (K.C.); (B.M.); (J.L.); (E.C.); (Y.X.); (X.Y.)
| | - Chuanxin Sun
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, EuSwedish University of Agricultural Science (SLU), P.O. Box 7080, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Mingzhou Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (K.C.); (B.M.); (J.L.); (E.C.); (Y.X.); (X.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-571-8691-4476; Fax: +86-571-8691-4510
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Zhang X, Wu Y, Chen J, Yang Y, Li G. Bioinspired Artificial "Clickase" for the Catalytic Click Immunoassay of Foodborne Pathogens. Anal Chem 2021; 93:3217-3225. [PMID: 33525867 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) click reaction has drawn increasing attention in the field of analytical science. However, the poor stability of Cu(I) usually hinders not only the simplicity of the click reaction but also its applications in precise analyses. Therefore, the development of a nanocatalyst containing stable Cu(I) is of great significance for broadening the application of CuAAC-based assays. Herein, inspired by the active center structure of natural multicopper oxidases (MCOs), we successfully prepared a novel nanocatalyst containing abundant stable Cu(I) as an artificial "clickase" (namely, CCN) by using glutathione to stabilize Cu(I). The stability and enzyme-like catalytic activity in the CuAAC reaction of the prepared CCN clickase were studied, and the catalytic mechanism of the CCN clickase-mediated CuAAC reaction between 3-azide-7-hydroxycoumarin (Azide 1) and propargyl alcohol (Alkyne 2) was also revealed. Compared with the existing solid CuO nanocatalysts used in CuAAC-based assays, CCN clickases exhibited plenty of superior properties (including high stability, excellent catalytic activity, no requirements of dissolution and reducing agents/radical initiator during the detection, well-defined porosities benefiting the substrate diffusion, and good biocompatibility), which can greatly increase the reaction efficiency and shorten the detection time. Encouraged by these remarkable performances, CCN clickases were used as labels to establish a new catalytic click fluorescence immunoassay for foodborne pathogens. Notably, the proposed CCN clickase-based immunoassay exhibited high analytical performances for the quantification of Salmonella enteritidis in the linear range of 102-106 CFU/mL with a limit of detection as low as 11 CFU/mL. The developed method has also been used in the determination of S. enteritidis in food samples, showing its great potential in the detection of foodborne pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianlong Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Yongning Wu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Juhong Chen
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Yan Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Guoliang Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
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Jamal RB, Shipovskov S, Ferapontova EE. Electrochemical Immuno- and Aptamer-Based Assays for Bacteria: Pros and Cons over Traditional Detection Schemes. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E5561. [PMID: 32998409 PMCID: PMC7582323 DOI: 10.3390/s20195561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Microbiological safety of the human environment and health needs advanced monitoring tools both for the specific detection of bacteria in complex biological matrices, often in the presence of excessive amounts of other bacterial species, and for bacteria quantification at a single cell level. Here, we discuss the existing electrochemical approaches for bacterial analysis that are based on the biospecific recognition of whole bacterial cells. Perspectives of such assays applications as emergency-use biosensors for quick analysis of trace levels of bacteria by minimally trained personnel are argued.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elena E. Ferapontova
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (R.B.J.); (S.S.)
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Mourão J, Rebelo A, Ribeiro S, Peixe L, Novais C, Antunes P. Atypical Non-H 2S-Producing Monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium ST3478 Strains from Chicken Meat at Processing Stage Are Adapted to Diverse Stresses. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9090701. [PMID: 32859122 PMCID: PMC7557518 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9090701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Poultry products are still an important cause of Salmonella infections worldwide, with an increasingly reported expansion of less-frequent serotypes or atypical strains that are frequently multidrug-resistant. Nevertheless, the ability of Salmonella to survive antimicrobials promoted in the context of antibiotic reducing/replacing and farming rethinking (e.g., organic acids and copper in feed/biocides) has been scarcely explored. We investigated Salmonella occurrence (conventional and molecular assays) among chicken meat at the processing stage (n = 53 batches/29 farms) and characterized their tolerance to diverse stress factors (antibiotics, copper, acid pH, and peracetic acid). Whole-genome sequencing was used to assess adaptive features and to perform comparative analysis. We found a low Salmonella occurrence (4%) and identified S. Enteritidis/ST11 plus atypical non-H2S-producing S. 1,4,[5],12:i:-/ST3478. The ST3478 presented the ability to grow under diverse stresses (antibiotics, copper, and acid-pH). Comparative genomics among ST3478 isolates showed similar antibiotic/metal resistance gene repertoires and identical nonsense phsA thiosulfate reductase mutations (related to H2S-negative phenotype), besides their close phylogenetic relationship by cgMLST and SNPs. This study alerts for the ongoing national and international spread of an emerging monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium clonal lineage with an enlarged ability to survive to antimicrobials/biocides commonly used in poultry production, being unnoticed by conventional Salmonella detection approaches due to an atypical non-H2S-producing phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Mourão
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (J.M.); (A.R.); (S.R.); (L.P.); (C.N.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Andreia Rebelo
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (J.M.); (A.R.); (S.R.); (L.P.); (C.N.)
- Scientific Area of Environmental Health, School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia Ribeiro
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (J.M.); (A.R.); (S.R.); (L.P.); (C.N.)
| | - Luísa Peixe
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (J.M.); (A.R.); (S.R.); (L.P.); (C.N.)
- ESCMID Food- and Water-borne Infections Study Group (EFWISG), 4010 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Carla Novais
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (J.M.); (A.R.); (S.R.); (L.P.); (C.N.)
- ESCMID Food- and Water-borne Infections Study Group (EFWISG), 4010 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Patrícia Antunes
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (J.M.); (A.R.); (S.R.); (L.P.); (C.N.)
- ESCMID Food- and Water-borne Infections Study Group (EFWISG), 4010 Basel, Switzerland
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-507-4320
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