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Simon MV, Rutkove SB, Ngo L, Fehnel CR, Das AS, Sarge T, Bose S, Selim M, Kumar S. Understanding the variability of the electrophysiologic laryngeal adductor reflex. Clin Neurophysiol 2024; 162:141-150. [PMID: 38631074 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2024.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The laryngeal adductor reflex (LAR) is vital for airway protection and can be electrophysiologically obtained under intravenous general anesthesia (IGA). This makes the electrophysiologic LAR (eLAR) an important tool for monitoring of the vagus nerves and relevant brainstem circuitry during high-risk surgeries. We investigated the intra-class variability of normal and expected abnormal eLAR. METHODS Repeated measures of contralateral R1 (cR1) were performed under IGA in 58 patients. Data on presence/absence of cR2 and potential confounders were also collected. Review of neuroimaging, pathology and clinical exam, allowed classification into normal and expected abnormal eLAR groups. Using univariate and multivariate analysis we studied the variability of cR1 parameters and their differences between the two groups. RESULTS In both groups, cR1 latencies had coefficients of variation of <2%. In the abnormal group, cR1 had longer latencies, required higher activation currents and was more frequently desynchronized and unsustained; cR2 was more frequently absent. CONCLUSIONS cR1 latencies show high analytical precision for measurements. Delayed onset, difficult to elicit, desynchronized and unsustained cR1, and absence of cR2 signal an abnormal eLAR. SIGNIFICANCE Understanding the variability and behavior of normal and abnormal eLAR under IGA can aid in the interpretation of its changes during monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirela V Simon
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Seward B Rutkove
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Long Ngo
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Corey R Fehnel
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alvin S Das
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Todd Sarge
- Department of Anesthesia, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Somnath Bose
- Department of Anesthesia, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Magdy Selim
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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2
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Bologna M, Paparella G, Valls-Solé J, Hallett M, Berardelli A. Neural control of blinking. Clin Neurophysiol 2024; 161:59-68. [PMID: 38447495 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2024.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Blinking is a motor act characterized by the sequential closing and opening of the eyelids, which is achieved through the reciprocal activation of the orbicularis oculi and levator palpebrae superioris muscles. This stereotyped movement can be triggered reflexively, occur spontaneously, or voluntarily initiated. During each type of blinking, the neural control of the antagonistic interaction between the orbicularis oculi and levator palpebrae superioris muscles is governed by partially overlapping circuits distributed across cortical, subcortical, and brainstem structures. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the anatomical and physiological foundations underlying the neural control of blinking. We describe the infra-nuclear apparatus, as well as the supra-nuclear control mechanisms, i.e., how cortical, subcortical, and brainstem structures regulate and coordinate the different types of blinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Bologna
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy; IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS, Italy.
| | - Giulia Paparella
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy; IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Josep Valls-Solé
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mark Hallett
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alfredo Berardelli
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy; IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
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3
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Bricio-Barrios JA, Ríos-Bracamontes E, Ríos-Silva M, Huerta M, Serrano-Moreno W, Barrios-Navarro JE, Ortiz GG, Huerta-Trujillo M, Guzmán-Esquivel J, Trujillo X. Alterations in blink and masseter reflex latencies in older adults with neurocognitive disorder and/or diabetes mellitus. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:177-188. [PMID: 35071517 PMCID: PMC8727253 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i1.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blink and masseter reflexes provide reliable, quantifiable data on the function of the central nervous system: Delayed latencies have been found in patients with neurocognitive disorder (ND) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but this has not been studied in patients with both pathologies.
AIM To investigate if older adults with ND plus T2DM have prolonged latencies of blink and masseter-reflex and if they were associated with disease progression.
METHODS This cross-sectional study included 227 older adults (> 60 years) from Colima, Mexico. Neurocognitive disorder was identified by a neuropsychological battery test, and T2DM identified by medical history, fasting glucose, and glycosylated hemoglobin. Latencies in the early reflex (R1), ipsilateral late (R2), and contralateral late (R2c) components of the blink reflex were analyzed for all subjects, and 183 subjects were analyzed for latency of the masseter reflex.
RESULTS In 20.7% of participants, ND was detected. In 37%, T2DM was detected. Latencies in R1, R2, and R2c were significantly prolonged for groups with ND plus T2DM, ND, and T2DM, compared with the control group (P < 0.0001). The masseter reflex was only prolonged in older adults (regardless of T2DM status) with ND vs controls (P = 0.030). In older adults with ND and without T2DM, the more the cognitive impairment progressed, the more prolonged latencies in R2 and R2c presented (P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION These findings suggest that blink and masseter reflexes could be used to evaluate possible changes in brainstem circuits in older adults with ND and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eder Ríos-Bracamontes
- General Hospital Zone #1, Mexican Social Security Institute, Villa de Alvarez 28983, Colima, Mexico
| | - Mónica Ríos-Silva
- University Biomedical Research Center, University of Colima, Colima 28045, Colima, Mexico
- University Biomedical Research Center, CONACYT, Colima 28045, Colima, Mexico
| | - Miguel Huerta
- University Biomedical Research Center, University of Colima, Colima 28045, Colima, Mexico
| | - Walter Serrano-Moreno
- University Biomedical Research Center, University of Colima, Colima 28045, Colima, Mexico
| | | | - Genaro Gabriel Ortiz
- Department of Philosophical and Methodological Disciplines, University Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | | | - José Guzmán-Esquivel
- General Hospital Zone #1, Mexican Social Security Institute, Villa de Alvarez 28983, Colima, Mexico
| | - Xóchitl Trujillo
- University Biomedical Research Center, University of Colima, Colima 28045, Colima, Mexico
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4
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Doughty MJ. Influence of mouth and jaw movements on dynamics of spontaneous eye blink activity assessed during slitlamp biomicroscopy. Clin Exp Optom 2021; 101:345-353. [DOI: 10.1111/cxo.12648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Doughty
- Department of Vision Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK,
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5
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Versace V, Campostrini S, Sebastianelli L, Saltuari L, Valls-Solé J, Kofler M. Prepulse inhibition vs cognitive modulation of the hand-blink reflex. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4618. [PMID: 33633320 PMCID: PMC7907410 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84241-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The excitability of brainstem circuitries mediating defensive blinking in response to abrupt sensory inputs is continuously modulated by cortical areas, e.g., the hand-blink reflex (HBR), elicited by intense electrical median nerve stimulation, is enhanced when the stimulated hand is close to the face, with the behavioural purpose to optimize self-protection from increased threat. Here we investigated whether such cortically mediated HBR facilitation can be influenced by prepulse inhibition (PPI), which is known to occur entirely at the subcortical level. Twenty healthy volunteers underwent HBR recordings in five experimental conditions. In conditions 1 and 2, the stimulated hand was held either near (1) or far (2) from the face, respectively. In conditions 3 and 4, stimulation of the hand near the face was preceded by a peri-liminal prepulse to the index finger of the contralateral hand held either near (3) or far from the face (4). In condition 5, participants self-triggered the stimulus eliciting the HBR. We observed a reproducible HBR in 14 out of 20 participants and measured onset latency and area of the HBR in orbicularis oculi muscles bilaterally. HBR area decreased and latency increased in condition 2 relative to condition 1; HBR area decreased and latency increased markedly in condition 3, and somewhat less in condition 4, relative to conditions 1 and 2; self-stimulation (condition 5) also suppressed HBRs, but less than prepulses. These findings indicate that PPI of the HBR is more robust than the cognitive modulation exerted by top-down cortical projections. Possibly, an attentional shift to a prepulse may serve to reduce blinking in response to perturbation when it is convenient, in a given situation, not to interrupt ongoing visual processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Versace
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Hospital of Vipiteno-Sterzing (SABES-ASDAA), Margarethenstr. 24, 39049, Vipiteno-Sterzing, BZ, Italy.
| | - Stefania Campostrini
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Hospital of Vipiteno-Sterzing (SABES-ASDAA), Margarethenstr. 24, 39049, Vipiteno-Sterzing, BZ, Italy
| | - Luca Sebastianelli
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Hospital of Vipiteno-Sterzing (SABES-ASDAA), Margarethenstr. 24, 39049, Vipiteno-Sterzing, BZ, Italy
| | - Leopold Saltuari
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Hospital of Vipiteno-Sterzing (SABES-ASDAA), Margarethenstr. 24, 39049, Vipiteno-Sterzing, BZ, Italy
| | - Josep Valls-Solé
- IDIBAPS (Institut d'Investigació August Pi i Sunyer), Facultat de Medicina, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Markus Kofler
- Department of Neurology, Hochzirl Hospital, Zirl, Austria
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6
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Yildirim MA, Topkara B, Aydin T, Paker N, Soy D, Coskun E, Ones K, Bardak A, Kesiktas N, Ozyurt MG, Celik B, Onder B, Kılıc A, Kucuk HC, Karacan I, Türker KS. Exploring the receptor origin of vibration-induced reflexes. Spinal Cord 2020; 58:716-723. [PMID: 31942042 DOI: 10.1038/s41393-020-0419-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN An experimental design. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine the latencies of vibration-induced reflexes in individuals with and without spinal cord injury (SCI), and to compare these latencies to identify differences in reflex circuitries. SETTING A tertiary rehabilitation center in Istanbul. METHODS Seventeen individuals with chronic SCI (SCI group) and 23 participants without SCI (Control group) were included in this study. Latency of tonic vibration reflex (TVR) and whole-body vibration-induced muscular reflex (WBV-IMR) of the left soleus muscle was tested for estimating the reflex origins. The local tendon vibration was applied at six different vibration frequencies (50, 85, 140, 185, 235, and 265 Hz), each lasting for 15 s with 3-s rest intervals. The WBV was applied at six different vibration frequencies (35, 37, 39, 41, 43, and 45 Hz), each lasting for 15 s with 3-s rest intervals. RESULTS Mean (SD) TVR latency was 39.7 (5.3) ms in the SCI group and 35.9 (2.7) ms in the Control group with a mean (95% CI) difference of -3.8 (-6.7 to -0.9) ms. Mean (SD) WBV-IMR latency was 45.8 (7.4) ms in the SCI group and 43.3 (3.0) ms in the Control group with a mean (95% CI) difference of -2.5 (-6.5 to 1.4) ms. There were significant differences between TVR latency and WBV-IMR latency in both the groups (mean (95% CI) difference; -6.2 (-9.3 to -3.0) ms, p = 0.0001 for the SCI group and -7.4 (-9.3 to -5.6) ms, p = 0.011 for Control group). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the receptor of origin of TVR and WBV-IMR may be different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa A Yildirim
- İstanbul Physical Medicine Rehabilitation Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Betilay Topkara
- Physiology Department, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tugba Aydin
- İstanbul Physical Medicine Rehabilitation Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nurdan Paker
- İstanbul Physical Medicine Rehabilitation Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Derya Soy
- İstanbul Physical Medicine Rehabilitation Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Evrim Coskun
- İstanbul Physical Medicine Rehabilitation Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kadriye Ones
- İstanbul Physical Medicine Rehabilitation Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aysenur Bardak
- İstanbul Physical Medicine Rehabilitation Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nur Kesiktas
- İstanbul Physical Medicine Rehabilitation Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa G Ozyurt
- Physiology Department, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Berna Celik
- İstanbul Physical Medicine Rehabilitation Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burcu Onder
- İstanbul Physical Medicine Rehabilitation Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aysegul Kılıc
- İstanbul Physical Medicine Rehabilitation Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Habib C Kucuk
- İstanbul Physical Medicine Rehabilitation Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ilhan Karacan
- İstanbul Physical Medicine Rehabilitation Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Kemal S Türker
- Physiology Department, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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7
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Lin CS. Functional Adaptation of Oromotor Functions and Aging: A Focused Review of the Evidence From Brain Neuroimaging Research. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 11:354. [PMID: 31998112 PMCID: PMC6962247 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
“Practice makes perfect” is a principle widely applied when one is acquiring a new sensorimotor skill to cope with challenges from a new environment. In terms of oral healthcare, the traditional view holds that restoring decayed structures is one of the primary aims of treatment. This assumes that the patient’s oromotor functions would be recovered back to normal levels after the restoration. However, in older patients, such a structural–functional coupling after dental treatment shows a great degree of individual variations. For example, after prosthodontic treatment, some patients would adapt themselves quickly to the new dentures, while others would not. In this Focused Review, I argue that the functional aspects of adaptation—which would be predominantly associated with the brain mechanisms of cognitive processing and motor learning—play a critical role in the individual differences in the adaptive behaviors of oromotor functions. This thesis is critical to geriatric oral healthcare since the variation in the capacity of cognitive processing and motor learning is critically associated with aging. In this review, (a) the association between aging and the brain-stomatognathic axis will be introduced; (b) the brain mechanisms underlying the association between aging, compensatory behavior, and motor learning will be briefly summarized; (c) the neuroimaging evidence that suggests the role of cognitive processing and motor learning in oromotor functions will be summarized, and critically, the brain mechanisms underlying mastication and swallowing in older people will be discussed; and (d) based on the current knowledge, an experimental framework for investigating the association between aging and the functional adaptation of oromotor functions will be proposed. Finally, I will comment on the practical implications of this framework and postulate questions open for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Shu Lin
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Brain Science, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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8
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Nguyen GL, Putnam S, Haile M, Raza Z, Bremer M, Wilkinson KA. Diet-induced obesity decreases rate-dependent depression in the Hoffmann's reflex in adult mice. Physiol Rep 2019; 7:e14271. [PMID: 31660698 PMCID: PMC6818099 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with balance and motor control deficits. We have recently shown that Group Ia muscle spindle afferents, the sensory arm of the muscle stretch reflex, are less responsive in mice fed a high-fat diet. Here we test the hypothesis that reflex excitability to sensory information from Group Ia muscle spindle afferents is altered in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. We measured the anesthetized Hoffmann's or H-reflex, the electrical analog of the muscle stretch reflex. Adult mice of both sexes were fed a control diet (CD; 10% kcal from fat) or a high-fat diet (HFD; 60% kcal from fat) for 5, 10, or 15 weeks. We used three quantitative measures of H-reflex excitability: (1) H-reflex latency; (2) the percentage of motor neurons recruited from electrical stimulation of Group Ia muscle spindle afferents (Hmax /Mmax ); and (3) rate-dependent depression (RDD), the decrease in H-reflex amplitude to high frequency stimulation (20 stimuli at 5 Hz). A HFD did not significantly alter H latency (P = 0.16) or Hmax /Mmax ratios (P = 0.06), but RDD was significantly lower in HFD compared to CD groups (P < 0.001). Interestingly, HFD males exhibited decreased RDD compared to controls only after 5 and 10 weeks of feeding, but females showed progressive decreases in RDD that were only significant at 10 and 15 weeks on the HFD. These results suggest that high-fat feeding increases H-reflex excitability. Future studies are needed to determine whether these changes alter muscle stretch reflex strength and/or balance and to determine the underlying mechanism(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard L. Nguyen
- Department of Biological SciencesSan José State UniversitySan JoseCalifornia
| | - Shea Putnam
- Department of Biological SciencesSan José State UniversitySan JoseCalifornia
| | - Mulatwa Haile
- Department of Biological SciencesSan José State UniversitySan JoseCalifornia
| | - Zahra Raza
- Department of Biological SciencesSan José State UniversitySan JoseCalifornia
| | - Martina Bremer
- Department of Mathematics and StatisticsSan José State UniversitySan JoseCalifornia
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9
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Sessle BJ. Can you be too old for oral implants? An update on ageing and plasticity in the oro‐facial sensorimotor system. J Oral Rehabil 2019; 46:936-951. [DOI: 10.1111/joor.12830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barry J. Sessle
- Faculty of Dentistry University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
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10
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Feasibility and reliability of intraorally evoked “nociceptive-specific” blink reflexes. Clin Oral Investig 2019; 24:883-896. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-02966-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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Hanzlíková Z, Kofler M, Slovák M, Věchetová G, Fečíková A, Kemlink D, Sieger T, Růžička E, Valls‐Solé J, Edwards MJ, Serranová T. Prepulse inhibition of the blink reflex is abnormal in functional movement disorders. Mov Disord 2019; 34:1022-1030. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.27706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Hanzlíková
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical NeuroscienceCharles University in Prague, 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital Prague Czech Republic
| | - Markus Kofler
- Department of NeurologyHochzirl Hospital Hochzirl Austria
| | - Matěj Slovák
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical NeuroscienceCharles University in Prague, 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital Prague Czech Republic
| | - Gabriela Věchetová
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical NeuroscienceCharles University in Prague, 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital Prague Czech Republic
| | - Anna Fečíková
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical NeuroscienceCharles University in Prague, 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital Prague Czech Republic
| | - David Kemlink
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical NeuroscienceCharles University in Prague, 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital Prague Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Sieger
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical NeuroscienceCharles University in Prague, 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital Prague Czech Republic
- Department of Cybernetics, Faculty of Electrical EngineeringCzech Technical University in Prague Prague Czech Republic
| | - Evžen Růžička
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical NeuroscienceCharles University in Prague, 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital Prague Czech Republic
| | - Josep Valls‐Solé
- Neurology Service, Hospital Clíınic, Facultad de MedicinaUniversitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Mark J. Edwards
- Neuroscience Research Centre, Institute of Molecular and Clinical SciencesSt George's University of London London United Kingdom
| | - Tereza Serranová
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical NeuroscienceCharles University in Prague, 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital Prague Czech Republic
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12
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Ferrazzano G, Conte A, Gigante A, Defazio G, Berardelli A, Fabbrini G. Disease progression in blepharospasm: a 5-year longitudinal study. Eur J Neurol 2018; 26:268-273. [PMID: 30308706 DOI: 10.1111/ene.13832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The clinical manifestation of dystonic spasms in blepharospasm (BSP) patients may be heterogeneous. Whether the varying phenomenology of eyelid spasms becomes manifest sequentially during the course of the disease or aggregates in separate clusters according to different disease courses is still unclear. For this purpose, the clinical features in BSP patients were evaluated longitudinally over a 5-year period and also the blink reflex recovery cycle was tested in a subgroup of BSP patients. METHODS Sixty BSP patients were videotaped at time 0 and after approximately 5 years of follow-up. Two experts in movement disorders, who were blinded to the video order, reviewed the videotapes and scored the severity of BSP using the Blepharospasm Severity Rating Scale. Changes in the R2 recovery index were also evaluated in 18 patients twice, i.e. upon enrolment and at the follow-up. RESULTS The severity of BSP worsened significantly over the 5-year follow-up period owing to the appearance or the increased duration and frequency of prolonged spasms. It was also found that the blink reflex recovery cycle worsened at follow-up in comparison with the baseline. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that the disease progression of BSP is characterized by the appearance or worsening of prolonged spasms. Prolonged spasms are accompanied by changes in the excitability of brainstem interneurons. Aging-related effects may exacerbate the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying spasms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A Conte
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy.,Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - A Gigante
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, 'Aldo Moro', University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - G Defazio
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, 'Aldo Moro', University of Bari, Bari, Italy.,Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - A Berardelli
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy.,Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - G Fabbrini
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy.,Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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13
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Gündüz A, Uygunoğlu U, Uluduz D, Saip S, Siva A, Göksan B, Kızıltan ME. Reduced inhibition in brainstem circuits in classical trigeminal neuralgia. Eur J Pain 2018; 23:142-149. [PMID: 30055103 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that prepulse modulation (PPM) would be altered in trigeminal neuralgia (TN) if suprasegmental inhibitory network involvement was present and tested our hypothesis in a group of patients with classical TN. METHODS The study enrolled nine consecutive patients with classical TN and 14 healthy subjects. Diagnosis and classification followed the International Classification of Headache Disorders-third edition (beta version). The blink reflex (BR) and BR-PPM were recorded. Ipsilateral recordings were made after stimulating each trigeminal nerve in the patient group whereas right-sided recordings were performed after stimulating the right trigeminal nerve in the healthy subjects. A conditioning electrical stimulus was applied to the ipsilateral median nerve at interstimulus intervals (ISIs) of 50 and 100 ms before the test stimulus to the supraorbital nerve. RESULTS The unconditioned BR recordings were similar in all groups. In the healthy subjects, the prepulse stimulus resulted in a reduced R2 magnitude (p = 0.000, Friedman's test) and longer R2 latency (p = 0.008, Friedman's test) at ISIs of 50 and 100 ms in comparison with unconditioned recordings. The R2 latency differed significantly between the unconditioned recordings and the ISI of 100 ms. In the patients with TN, no significant change was observed on either the symptomatic or asymptomatic sides. CONCLUSIONS There is a bilateral prepulse inhibition deficit in TN, even on the asymptomatic side. Our findings provide electrophysiological evidence for suprasegmental changes and loss of filtering activity at the brainstem in level TN.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gündüz
- Department of Neurology, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University, Turkey
| | - U Uygunoğlu
- Department of Neurology, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University, Turkey
| | - D Uluduz
- Department of Neurology, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University, Turkey
| | - S Saip
- Department of Neurology, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University, Turkey
| | - A Siva
- Department of Neurology, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University, Turkey
| | - B Göksan
- Department of Neurology, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University, Turkey
| | - M E Kızıltan
- Department of Neurology, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University, Turkey
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Avivi-Arber L, Sessle BJ. Jaw sensorimotor control in healthy adults and effects of ageing. J Oral Rehabil 2017; 45:50-80. [DOI: 10.1111/joor.12554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Avivi-Arber
- Faculty of Dentistry; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
| | - B. J. Sessle
- Faculty of Dentistry; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
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Sohn JH, Kim CH, Choi HC. Differences in central facilitation between episodic and chronic migraineurs in nociceptive-specific trigeminal pathways. J Headache Pain 2016; 17:35. [PMID: 27084694 PMCID: PMC4833765 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-016-0637-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The trigeminal nociceptive system plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of migraines. The present study investigated whether there are differences between patients with episodic migraine (EM) and patients with chronic migraine (CM) in trigeminal pain processing at the brainstem and cortical levels using the nociceptive blink reflex (nBR) and pain-related evoked potentials (PREP). Methods This study assessed 68 female migraineurs (38 EM patients and 30 CM patients) and 40 age-matched controls using simultaneous recordings of nBR and PREP during the interictal period. Results In terms of the nBR, EM patients displayed significantly decreased latencies and larger amplitudes and area-under-the-curve (AUC) values for the R2 component, whereas CM patients showed significantly prolonged latencies and smaller amplitudes and AUC values for the R2 component (p < 0.05). In terms of PREP, both the EM and CM patients had decreased latencies (N1, P1), with larger amplitude compared with the controls (p < 0.05), which indicates facilitation at the cortical level. Additionally, the amplitude and AUC values of the R2 component exhibited a negative correlation, whereas the latency of the R2 component for the nBR showed a positive correlation, with the frequency of headaches in migraineurs (p < 0.01). Conclusions In the present study, the facilitation in the trigeminal nociceptive pathway of the EM group suggests the occurrence of migraine-specific hyperexcitability. Additionally, the suppression of R2 at the brainstem level in the CM group may relate to impaired or dysfunctional descending pain modulation. These findings suggest that there are adaptive or maladaptive responses due to the chronification of migraine attacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Hee Sohn
- Department of Neurology, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, 153 Gyo-dong, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 200-704, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chul-Ho Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, 153 Gyo-dong, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 200-704, Republic of Korea
| | - Hui-Chul Choi
- Department of Neurology, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, 153 Gyo-dong, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 200-704, Republic of Korea
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Pilurzi G, Mercante B, Ginatempo F, Follesa P, Tolu E, Deriu F. Transcutaneous trigeminal nerve stimulation induces a long-term depression-like plasticity of the human blink reflex. Exp Brain Res 2015; 234:453-61. [PMID: 26514812 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-015-4477-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The beneficial effects of trigeminal nerve stimulation (TNS) on several neurological disorders are increasingly acknowledged. Hypothesized mechanisms include the modulation of excitability in networks involved by the disease, and its main site of action has been recently reported at brain stem level. Aim of this work was to test whether acute TNS modulates brain stem plasticity using the blink reflex (BR) as a model. The BR was recorded from 20 healthy volunteers before and after 20 min of cyclic transcutaneous TNS delivered bilaterally to the infraorbital nerve. Eleven subjects underwent sham-TNS administration and were compared to the real-TNS group. In 12 subjects, effects of unilateral TNS were tested. The areas of the R1 and R2 components of the BR were recorded before and after 0 (T0), 15 (T15), 30 (T30), and 45 (T45) min from TNS. In three subjects, T60 and T90 time points were also evaluated. Ipsi- and contralateral R2 areas were significantly suppressed after bilateral real-TNS at T15 (p = 0.013), T30 (p = 0.002), and T45 (p = 0.001), while R1 response appeared unaffected. The TNS-induced inhibitory effect on R2 responses lasted up to 60 min. Real- and sham-TNS protocols produced significantly different effects (p = 0.005), with sham-TNS being ineffective at any time point tested. Bilateral TNS was more effective (p = 0.009) than unilateral TNS. Acute TNS induced a bilateral long-lasting inhibition of the R2 component of the BR, which resembles a long-term depression-like effect, providing evidence of brain stem plasticity produced by transcutaneous TNS. These findings add new insight into mechanisms of TNS neuromodulation and into physiopathology of those neurological disorders where clinical benefits of TNS are recognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Pilurzi
- Neurological Clinic, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 10, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Beniamina Mercante
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/b, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Francesca Ginatempo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/b, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Paolo Follesa
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria Monserrato, 09042, Monserrato, Italy.
| | - Eusebio Tolu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/b, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Franca Deriu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/b, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
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18
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Alterations in excitatory and inhibitory brainstem interneuronal circuits in fibromyalgia: Evidence of brainstem dysfunction. Clin Neurophysiol 2014; 125:593-601. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2013.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Sohn JH, Choi HC, Kim CH. Differences between episodic and chronic tension-type headaches in nociceptive-specific trigeminal pathways. Cephalalgia 2013; 33:330-9. [PMID: 23297379 DOI: 10.1177/0333102412461889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The trigeminal nociceptive system plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of tension-type headaches (TTH). OBJECTIVE This study investigated and compared nociceptive-specific trigeminal pathways in patients with episodic and chronic TTH (ETTH and CTTH, respectively) using the nociceptive blink reflex (nBR) and nociceptive trigeminocervical reflex (nTCR). METHODS We recorded nBR and nTCR in patients with ETTH and CTTH, and healthy controls using concentric electrodes and subsequently compared the threshold (i.e. sensory, pain) and parameters of reflex (i.e. the R2 component of the nBR and the late responses of the nTCR). RESULTS Women with ETTH ( N = 40) and CTTH ( N = 32) and age-matched controls ( N = 40) were recruited. CTTH patients displayed significantly lower amplitude and area under the curve (AUC) values of the R2 component for the nBR compared with those displayed by ETTH patients and controls ( P < 0.05). Moreover, the amplitude and AUC of the R2 component was negatively correlated with the frequency of headaches, whereas the latency of the R2 component for the nBR was positively correlated with the frequency and duration of headaches in the TTH groups ( P < 0.05). However, no significant differences in the late response parameters (i.e. latency, duration, amplitude, or AUC) were noted between the groups in terms of the nTCR. CONCLUSIONS R2 suppression associated with CTTH suggests decreased brainstem excitability. This may be the result of excessive descending inhibitory influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hee Sohn
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
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Blink reflex prepulse inhibition and excitability recovery: Influence of age and sex. Clin Neurophysiol 2013; 124:126-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2012.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2012] [Revised: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Influence of age and gender on trigeminal sensory function and magnetically evoked masseteric exteroceptive suppression reflex. Arch Oral Biol 2012; 57:995-1002. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2012.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Revised: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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22
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Larivière C, Forget R, Vadeboncoeur R, Bilodeau M, Mecheri H. The effect of sex and chronic low back pain on back muscle reflex responses. Eur J Appl Physiol 2010; 109:577-90. [PMID: 20174929 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-010-1389-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Different back muscle reflex assessment protocols have shown abnormally longer reflex latency responses of back muscles in chronic low back pain (CLBP). However, many confounding variables are difficult to control, such as the load magnitude and the preactivation of trunk muscles. The aims of this study were to evaluate, in 30 subjects with CLBP and 30 healthy controls, the activation levels of back muscles during pre-loading and their reflex responses to sudden loading. After subjected to six practice perturbations, 20 sudden and unexpected forward perturbations of the trunk were applied in 30 CLBP subjects (14 women) and 31 controls (17 women), while attempting to minimize the confounding effect of preactivation level and perturbation amplitude. Reflex latency and amplitudes were computed from the surface EMG signals of four back muscles (bilaterally at L5, L3, L1, T10 vertebral levels). EMG was also collected from abdominal muscles. Subjects with CLBP significantly increased the preactivation of back muscles (abdominal preactivation the same) relative to controls while no sex effect was observed. While adjusting statistically for these differences, reflex amplitude was significantly higher in subjects with CLBP and men, compared to healthy controls and women, respectively. Interestingly, contrary to most of the literature available, no between-group effects were detected for reflex latency, which could potentially be explained by an appropriate control of confounding variables, but this remains to be clarified in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Larivière
- Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail (IRSST), 505, boul. De Maisonneuve Ouest, Montreal, QC, H3A 3C2, Canada.
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Koutris M, Naeije M, Lobbezoo F, Wang K, Arendt-Nielsen L, Svensson P, Farina D. Normalization reduces the spatial dependency of the jaw-stretch reflex activity in the human masseter muscle. Muscle Nerve 2010; 41:78-84. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.21436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Peddireddy A, Wang K, Svensson P, Arendt-Nielsen L. Blink reflexes in chronic tension-type headache patients and healthy controls. Clin Neurophysiol 2009; 120:1711-6. [PMID: 19632150 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2009.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2008] [Revised: 06/22/2009] [Accepted: 06/28/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To use the R2 component of nociceptive-specific blink reflex (nBR) to probe the trigeminal nociceptive system and compare chronic tension-type headache (CTTH) patients and healthy controls. METHODS Thirty patients with CTTH and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects were included. nBR were evoked by painful electrical pulses (0.5ms duration), delivered by a concentric electrode placed on the left lower forehead close to the supraorbital foramen. The EMG activity in the orbicularis oculi muscles was recorded bilaterally. The electrical stimulus intensities to evoke individual sensory threshold (Is) and pin-prick pain sensation (Ip) were assessed. A fixed stimulation intensity of 1.5x Ip was used to evoke the nBR. The perceived pain intensity of the electrical stimulus (I(BR)) was assessed by the subjects on a 0-10cm visual analogue scale (VAS). RESULTS Is did not differ between CTTH patients and controls (P=0.687) but were lower in females than in males (P=0.020). CTTH patients had higher scores on I(BR) than controls (P=0.026). ANOVA showed significantly higher pre-stimulus EMG values in CTTH patients on the left (stimulated) side (P<0.001), whereas there were no differences between males and females (P>0.168). There were no significant differences in the absolute values of the nBR, however CTTH patients had significantly lower values of the normalized root mean square (RMS) (P=0.035) and area under the curve (AUC) (P=0.042) of the nBR on the left side compared with control subjects with no sex-related differences (P>0.070). The onset latencies and duration were not significantly different between CTTH and control subjects or between female and male subjects (P>0.270). There was no significant correlation between any of the BR parameters (RMS, AUC) and clinical characteristics of CTTH (headache intensity and duration) (P>0.163). CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study did not detect a significantly different blink reflex response in CTTH patients, but suggested that painful electrical stimulation was associated with consistent increases in eye muscle activity on the same side. SIGNIFICANCE These findings add further information to central nociceptive pathways in CTTH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anitha Peddireddy
- Orofacial Pain Laboratory, Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction, Aalborg University, Denmark
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Reproducible effects of subjectively assessed muscle fatigue on an inhibitory jaw reflex in humans. Arch Oral Biol 2009; 54:879-83. [PMID: 19555924 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2009.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2008] [Revised: 05/13/2009] [Accepted: 06/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of exercise-induced, subjectively assessed muscle fatigue on an inhibitory jaw reflex, evoked by electrical stimulation of the upper lip. In addition, the reproducibility of these effects was assessed. DESIGN Eight subjects participated in two experimental sessions that were two weeks apart. During each session, a baseline recording, a post-conditioning recording, and two recovery recordings were obtained. The post-conditioning recording was obtained immediately after provocation of jaw muscle fatigue by intense chewing. The endpoint of provocation was reached 30s after a subject had crossed the value '6' on a 10 cm long visual analogue scale. RESULTS Subjectively assessed jaw muscle fatigue caused a decrease of about 50% in the size of the late inhibition in the post-conditioning recording (ANOVA: p=0.001; Bonferroni contrasts: p<0.05). Full recovery to baseline values was already achieved at the first recovery recording. No significant differences were found between both sessions (ANOVA, p=0.677). CONCLUSION Exercise-induced, subjectively assessed jaw muscle fatigue causes a reproducible, transient suppression in the size of the late inhibitory jaw reflex wave.
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Hodges PW, Galea MP, Holm S, Holm AK. Corticomotor excitability of back muscles is affected by intervertebral disc lesion in pigs. Eur J Neurosci 2009; 29:1490-500. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2009.06670.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Rottmann S, Jung K, Ellrich J. Electrical low-frequency stimulation induces homotopic long-term depression of nociception and pain from hand in man. Clin Neurophysiol 2008; 119:1895-1904. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2008.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2007] [Revised: 02/15/2008] [Accepted: 02/26/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Cheng NC, Liao SL, Wang IJ, Lin IC, Tang YB. Fiber type and myosin heavy chain compositions of adult pretarsal orbicularis oculi muscle. J Mol Histol 2007; 38:177-82. [PMID: 17370042 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-007-9085-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2007] [Accepted: 02/16/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Pretarsal orbicularis oculi muscle (POOM) is an important structure of eyelid movement in human. The aim of this study was to investigate fiber histomorphology and myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoform composition of adult POOM, and to clarify their age-related changes. Eyelid specimens from 58 subjects (age range, 21 to 91 years) were collected during upper blepharoplasty procedures. Serial cross sections of POOM were ATPase-stained and examined under miscroscope. Quantitative measures of muscle fiber size and fiber type distribution were obtained in 35 subjects with adequate fiber cross sections. Relative MyHC isoform contents of POOM were retrieved by gel electrophoresis in all 58 subjects. Examination of the histochemical staining revealed an abundance of type II fiber ( >85%) in human POOM, with more type IIX than IIA fibers. Decreased mean area of all fibers and type IIA fibers were noted in the old group when compared to the young. As for MyHC analysis, the relative content of MyHC isoforms exhibited an order of IIX > IIA > I, and the relative MyHC IIA content showed a negative correlation with age. Comparing with previous studies of limb or masticatory muscles, adult POOM exhibits a unique fiber and MyHC composition, as well as a different aging pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Chen Cheng
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, 7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan
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