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Ortiz GG, Ramírez-Jirano J, Arizaga RL, Delgado-Lara DLC, Torres-Sánchez ED. Frontotemporal-TDP and LATE Neurocognitive Disorders: A Pathophysiological and Genetic Approach. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1474. [PMID: 37891841 PMCID: PMC10605418 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13101474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) belongs to a heterogeneous group of highly complex neurodegenerative diseases and represents the second cause of presenile dementia in individuals under 65. Frontotemporal-TDP is a subgroup of frontotemporal dementia characterized by the aggregation of abnormal protein deposits, predominantly transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43), in the frontal and temporal brain regions. These deposits lead to progressive degeneration of neurons resulting in cognitive and behavioral impairments. Limbic age-related encephalopathy (LATE) pertains to age-related cognitive decline primarily affecting the limbic system, which is crucial for memory, emotions, and learning. However, distinct, emerging research suggests a potential overlap in pathogenic processes, with some cases of limbic encephalopathy displaying TDP-43 pathology. Genetic factors play a pivotal role in both disorders. Mutations in various genes, such as progranulin (GRN) and chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9orf72), have been identified as causative in frontotemporal-TDP. Similarly, specific genetic variants have been associated with an increased risk of developing LATE. Understanding these genetic links provides crucial insights into disease mechanisms and the potential for targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genaro Gabriel Ortiz
- Department of Philosophical and Methodological Disciplines, University Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico;
- Postgraduate Gerontology Program, University Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Javier Ramírez-Jirano
- Neurosciences Division, Western Biomedical Research Center, Mexican Social Security Institute, IMSS, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Raul L. Arizaga
- Public Health Department, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina;
| | - Daniela L. C. Delgado-Lara
- Department of Philosophical and Methodological Disciplines, University Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico;
- Departamento Académico de Formación Universitaria, Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Zapopan 45129, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Erandis D. Torres-Sánchez
- Department of Medical and Life Sciences, University Center of la Cienega, University of Guadalajara, Ocotlan 47820, Jalisco, Mexico
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Ortiz GG, Torres-Mendoza BMG, Ramírez-Jirano J, Marquez-Pedroza J, Hernández-Cruz JJ, Mireles-Ramirez MA, Torres-Sánchez ED. Genetic Basis of Inflammatory Demyelinating Diseases of the Central Nervous System: Multiple Sclerosis and Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1319. [PMID: 37510224 PMCID: PMC10379341 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Demyelinating diseases alter myelin or the coating surrounding most nerve fibers in the central and peripheral nervous systems. The grouping of human central nervous system demyelinating disorders today includes multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) as distinct disease categories. Each disease is caused by a complex combination of genetic and environmental variables, many involving an autoimmune response. Even though these conditions are fundamentally similar, research into genetic factors, their unique clinical manifestations, and lesion pathology has helped with differential diagnosis and disease pathogenesis knowledge. This review aims to synthesize the genetic approaches that explain the differential susceptibility between these diseases, explore the overlapping clinical features, and pathological findings, discuss existing and emerging hypotheses on the etiology of demyelination, and assess recent pathogenicity studies and their implications for human demyelination. This review presents critical information from previous studies on the disease, which asks several questions to understand the gaps in research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genaro Gabriel Ortiz
- Department of Philosophical and Methodological Disciplines and Service of Molecular Biology in Medicine Hospital, Civil University Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
- Department of Neurology, High Specialty Medical Unit, Western National Medical Center of the Mexican Institute of Social Security, Guadalajara 44329, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Blanca M G Torres-Mendoza
- Department of Philosophical and Methodological Disciplines and Service of Molecular Biology in Medicine Hospital, Civil University Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
- Neurosciences Division, Western Biomedical Research Center, Mexican Social Security Institute (Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS), Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Javier Ramírez-Jirano
- Neurosciences Division, Western Biomedical Research Center, Mexican Social Security Institute (Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS), Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Jazmin Marquez-Pedroza
- Neurosciences Division, Western Biomedical Research Center, Mexican Social Security Institute (Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS), Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
- Coordination of Academic Activities, Western Biomedical Research Center, Mexican Social Security Institute (Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS), Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - José J Hernández-Cruz
- Department of Neurology, High Specialty Medical Unit, Western National Medical Center of the Mexican Institute of Social Security, Guadalajara 44329, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Mario A Mireles-Ramirez
- Department of Neurology, High Specialty Medical Unit, Western National Medical Center of the Mexican Institute of Social Security, Guadalajara 44329, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Erandis D Torres-Sánchez
- Department of Medical and Life Sciences, University Center of la Cienega, University of Guadalajara, Ocotlan 47820, Jalisco, Mexico
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González-Usigli HA, Ortiz GG, Charles-Niño C, Mireles-Ramírez MA, Pacheco-Moisés FP, Torres-Mendoza BMDG, Hernández-Cruz JDJ, Delgado-Lara DLDC, Ramírez-Jirano LJ. Neurocognitive Psychiatric and Neuropsychological Alterations in Parkinson's Disease: A Basic and Clinical Approach. Brain Sci 2023; 13:508. [PMID: 36979318 PMCID: PMC10046896 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13030508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The main histopathological hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD) are the degeneration of the dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta and the loss of neuromelanin as a consequence of decreased dopamine synthesis. The destruction of the striatal dopaminergic pathway and blocking of striatal dopamine receptors cause motor deficits in humans and experimental animal models induced by some environmental agents. In addition, neuropsychiatric symptoms such as mood and anxiety disorders, hallucinations, psychosis, cognitive impairment, and dementia are common in PD. These alterations may precede the appearance of motor symptoms and are correlated with neurochemical and structural changes in the brain. This paper reviews the most crucial pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric alterations in PD. It is worth noting that PD patients have global task learning deficits, and cognitive functions are compromised in a way is associated with hypoactivation within the striatum, anterior cingulate cortex, and inferior frontal sulcus regions. An appropriate and extensive neuropsychological screening battery in PD must accurately assess at least five cognitive domains with some tests for each cognitive domain. This neuropsychological screening should consider the pathophysiological and clinical heterogeneity of cognitive dysfunction in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Alberto González-Usigli
- Department of Neurology, Clinic of Movements Disorders, High Specialty Medical Unit, Western National Medical Center of the Mexican Institute of Social Security, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Genaro Gabriel Ortiz
- Department of Neurology, Clinic of Movements Disorders, High Specialty Medical Unit, Western National Medical Center of the Mexican Institute of Social Security, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
- Department of Philosophical and Methodological Disciplines, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Claudia Charles-Niño
- Department of Microbiology, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Mario Alberto Mireles-Ramírez
- Department of Neurology, Clinic of Movements Disorders, High Specialty Medical Unit, Western National Medical Center of the Mexican Institute of Social Security, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Fermín Paul Pacheco-Moisés
- Department of Chemistry, University Center of Exact Sciences and Engineering, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44430, Mexico
| | - Blanca Miriam de Guadalupe Torres-Mendoza
- Department of Philosophical and Methodological Disciplines, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
- Division of Neurosciences, Western Biomedical Research Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - José de Jesús Hernández-Cruz
- Department of Philosophical and Methodological Disciplines, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | | | - Luis Javier Ramírez-Jirano
- Division of Neurosciences, Western Biomedical Research Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
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Torres-Mendoza BMG, Ortiz GG, Sánchez-Romero L, Delgado-Lara DLC, García Martínez MT, Mireles-Ramírez MA, Cruz Serrano JA, Pacheco Moisés FP. Dietary fish oil increases catalase activity in patients with probable Alzheimer's disease. NUTR HOSP 2022; 39:1364-1368. [PMID: 36327127 DOI: 10.20960/nh.04153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the presence of neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles that finally result in synaptic and neuronal loss. Oxidative stress accompanies pathological changes in AD. Objective: to assess the efficacy of dietary omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids supplementation on the levels of proteins oxidation, hydroperoxides and enzymatic activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase in AD patients. Methods: clinical, controlled, randomized, double-blind trial. Patients consumed fish oil or placebo for one year. Oxidative stress markers were assessed in plasma using spectrophotometric methods. Results: carbonyl groups in proteins and hydroperoxides in plasma have similar values in both treatment groups at the beginning of the study. At six and 12 months of treatment, these values decreased significantly in the fish oil group, while in the placebo group no changes were observed in both oxidative stress markers. Catalase activity increased significantly at six and twelve months after treatment in patients treated with fish oil. While the superoxide dismutase activity was not modified in both study groups. Conclusions: patients who consume omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids at a stable dose of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) show decreased oxidation of proteins and lipids in plasma. In addition, an increase in catalase activity was detected. Thus, the presented data warrants further studies evaluating the antioxidant effect of omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca M G Torres-Mendoza
- Neurosciences Division. Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO). Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS)
| | - Genaro Gabriel Ortiz
- Neurosciences Division. Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO). Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS)
| | - Lorenzo Sánchez-Romero
- Neurosciences Division. Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO). Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS)
| | - Daniela L C Delgado-Lara
- Department of Philosophical and Methodological Disciplines and Molecular Biology in Medicine HC. Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad de Guadalajara
| | - María T García Martínez
- Laboratory of Biochemistry. Department of Chemistry. Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingeniería. Universidad de Guadalajara
| | - Mario-Alberto Mireles-Ramírez
- Department of Neurology. High Speciality Medical Unit. Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO). Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS)
| | | | - Fermín Paul Pacheco Moisés
- Laboratory of Biochemistry. Department of Chemistry. Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingeniería. Universidad de Guadalajara
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Mireles-Ramírez MA, Pacheco-Moises FP, González-Usigli HA, Sánchez-Rosales NA, Hernández-Preciado MR, Delgado-Lara DLC, Hernández-Cruz JJ, Ortiz GG. Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: pathophysiological approach. Int J Neurosci 2022:1-13. [PMID: 36453541 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2022.2153046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Aim: To review the main pathological findings of Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD) associated with the presence of autoantibodies to aquaporin-4 (AQP4) as well as the mechanisms of astrocyte dysfunction and demyelination. Methods: An comprehensive search of the literature in the field was carried out using the database of The National Center for Biotechnology Information from . Systematic searches were performed until July 2022. Results: NMOSD is an inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system mainly in the areas of the optic nerves and spinal cord, thus explaining mostly the clinical findings. Other areas affected in NMOSD are the brainstem, hypothalamus, and periventricular regions. Relapses in NMOSD are generally severe and patients only partially recover. NMOSD includes clinical conditions where autoantibodies to aquaporin-4 (AQP4-IgG) of astrocytes are detected as well as similar clinical conditions where such antibodies are not detected. AQP4 are channel-forming integral membrane proteins of which AQ4 isoforms are able to aggregate in supramolecular assemblies termed orthogonal arrays of particles (OAP) and are essential in the regulation of water homeostasis and the adequate modulation of neuronal activity and circuitry. AQP4 assembly in orthogonal arrays of particles is essential for AQP4-IgG pathogenicity since AQP4 autoantibodies bind to OAPs with higher affinity than for AQP4 tetramers. NMOSD has a complex background with prominent roles for genes encoding cytokines and cytokine receptors. AQP4 autoantibodies activate the complement-mediated inflammatory demyelination and the ensuing damage to AQP4 water channels, leading to water influx, necrosis and axonal loss. Conclusions: NMOSD as an astrocytopathy is a nosological entity different from multiple sclerosis with its own serological marker: immunoglobulin G-type autoantibodies against the AQP4 protein which elicits a complement-dependent cytotoxicity and neuroinflammation. Some patients with typical manifestations of NMSOD are AQP4 seronegative and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein positive. Thus, the detection of autoantibodies against AQP4 or other autoantibodies is crucial for the correct treatment of the disease and immunosuppressant therapy is the first choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario A Mireles-Ramírez
- Department of Neurology, High Specialty Medical Unit, Western National Medical Center of the Mexican Institute of Social Security, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Fermín P Pacheco-Moises
- Department of Chemistry, University Center of Exact Sciences and Engineering; University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Héctor A González-Usigli
- Department of Neurology, High Specialty Medical Unit, Western National Medical Center of the Mexican Institute of Social Security, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Nayeli A Sánchez-Rosales
- Department of Neurology, High Specialty Medical Unit, Western National Medical Center of the Mexican Institute of Social Security, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Martha R Hernández-Preciado
- Department of Neurology, High Specialty Medical Unit, Western National Medical Center of the Mexican Institute of Social Security, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | | | - José J Hernández-Cruz
- Department of Philosophical and Methodological Disciplines and Service of Molecular Biology in medicine HC, University Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Genaro Gabriel Ortiz
- Department of Neurology, High Specialty Medical Unit, Western National Medical Center of the Mexican Institute of Social Security, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
- Department of Philosophical and Methodological Disciplines and Service of Molecular Biology in medicine HC, University Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
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Ortiz GG, Velázquez-Brizuela IE, Ortiz-Velázquez GE, Ocampo-Alfaro MJ, Salazar-Flores J, Delgado-Lara DLC, Torres-Sanchez ED. Alzheimer’s Disease and SARS-CoV-2: Pathophysiological Analysis and Social Context. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12101405. [PMID: 36291338 PMCID: PMC9599687 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12101405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has proven to be a challenge for healthcare systems, especially in terms of the care of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Age is one of the major risk factors for severe forms of COVID-19, most probably due to the presence of comorbidities and inflammations. It is known that SARS-CoV-2 invades nerve endings and olfactory nerves through the binding of the spike protein to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. This interaction triggers an inflammatory cascade that results in cognitive impairment. In turn, the isoform of apolipoprotein-E4 (APOE-4ε) in AD is a risk factor for increased neuroinflammation through microglia activation, increased oxidative stress, and neurodegeneration. AD and SARS-CoV-2 are associated with increases in levels of inflammatory markers, as well as increases in levels of APOE-4ε, ACE2 and oxidative stress. Thus, there is a synergistic relationship between AD and SARS-CoV-2. In addition, the social isolation and other health measures resulting from the pandemic have led to a higher level of anxiety and depression among AD patients, a situation which may lead to a decline in cognitive function. Therefore, there is a need to develop strategies for keeping the patient calm but active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genaro Gabriel Ortiz
- Department of Philosophical and Methodological Disciplines and Molecular Biology in Medicine Service Hospital Civil, University Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Irma E. Velázquez-Brizuela
- Department of Philosophical and Methodological Disciplines and Molecular Biology in Medicine Service Hospital Civil, University Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | | | | | - Joel Salazar-Flores
- Department of Medical and Life Sciences, University Center of la Cienega, University of Guadalajara, Ocotlan 47820, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Daniela L. C. Delgado-Lara
- Department of Philosophical and Methodological Disciplines and Molecular Biology in Medicine Service Hospital Civil, University Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
- Academic Department University Training Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Guadalajara, Zapopan 45129, Jalisco, Mexico
- Correspondence: (D.L.C.D.-L.); (E.D.T.-S.)
| | - Erandis D. Torres-Sanchez
- Department of Medical and Life Sciences, University Center of la Cienega, University of Guadalajara, Ocotlan 47820, Jalisco, Mexico
- Correspondence: (D.L.C.D.-L.); (E.D.T.-S.)
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Bricio-Barrios JA, Ríos-Bracamontes E, Ríos-Silva M, Huerta M, Serrano-Moreno W, Barrios-Navarro JE, Ortiz GG, Huerta-Trujillo M, Guzmán-Esquivel J, Trujillo X. Alterations in blink and masseter reflex latencies in older adults with neurocognitive disorder and/or diabetes mellitus. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:177-188. [PMID: 35071517 PMCID: PMC8727253 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i1.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blink and masseter reflexes provide reliable, quantifiable data on the function of the central nervous system: Delayed latencies have been found in patients with neurocognitive disorder (ND) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but this has not been studied in patients with both pathologies.
AIM To investigate if older adults with ND plus T2DM have prolonged latencies of blink and masseter-reflex and if they were associated with disease progression.
METHODS This cross-sectional study included 227 older adults (> 60 years) from Colima, Mexico. Neurocognitive disorder was identified by a neuropsychological battery test, and T2DM identified by medical history, fasting glucose, and glycosylated hemoglobin. Latencies in the early reflex (R1), ipsilateral late (R2), and contralateral late (R2c) components of the blink reflex were analyzed for all subjects, and 183 subjects were analyzed for latency of the masseter reflex.
RESULTS In 20.7% of participants, ND was detected. In 37%, T2DM was detected. Latencies in R1, R2, and R2c were significantly prolonged for groups with ND plus T2DM, ND, and T2DM, compared with the control group (P < 0.0001). The masseter reflex was only prolonged in older adults (regardless of T2DM status) with ND vs controls (P = 0.030). In older adults with ND and without T2DM, the more the cognitive impairment progressed, the more prolonged latencies in R2 and R2c presented (P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION These findings suggest that blink and masseter reflexes could be used to evaluate possible changes in brainstem circuits in older adults with ND and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eder Ríos-Bracamontes
- General Hospital Zone #1, Mexican Social Security Institute, Villa de Alvarez 28983, Colima, Mexico
| | - Mónica Ríos-Silva
- University Biomedical Research Center, University of Colima, Colima 28045, Colima, Mexico
- University Biomedical Research Center, CONACYT, Colima 28045, Colima, Mexico
| | - Miguel Huerta
- University Biomedical Research Center, University of Colima, Colima 28045, Colima, Mexico
| | - Walter Serrano-Moreno
- University Biomedical Research Center, University of Colima, Colima 28045, Colima, Mexico
| | | | - Genaro Gabriel Ortiz
- Department of Philosophical and Methodological Disciplines, University Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | | | - José Guzmán-Esquivel
- General Hospital Zone #1, Mexican Social Security Institute, Villa de Alvarez 28983, Colima, Mexico
| | - Xóchitl Trujillo
- University Biomedical Research Center, University of Colima, Colima 28045, Colima, Mexico
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Ramos González EJ, Ramirez Jirano LJ, García Martínez DZ, Ortiz GG, Jave Suárez LF, Leal Cortes CA, Bitzer Quintero OK. A comparative study of melatonin and immunomodulatory therapy with interferon beta and glatiramer acetate in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Neurologia 2021. [PMID: 29526318 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, demyelinating, autoimmune disease of the central nervous system causing neuroinflammation. Experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE) is a model of the disease. MS is classically treated with interferon beta (IFN-β) and glatiramer acetate (GA). Melatonin (MLT) has been reported to modulate immune system responses. The aim of the present study is to analyse the effects of MLT administration in comparison with the first-line treatments for MS (IFN-β and GA). METHODS EAE was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats; the animals subsequently received either IFN-β, GA, or MLT. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were analysed by multiplex assay to determine the levels of proinflammatory cytokines. The neurological evaluation of EAE was also recorded. RESULTS All immunised animals developed EAE. We evaluated the first relapse-remission cycle, observing that IFN-β and GA had better results than MLT in the clinical evaluation. Neither EAE nor any of the treatments administered modified CSF IL-1β and IL-12p70 concentrations. However, IFN-β and MLT did decrease CSF TNF-α concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Further studies are needed to evaluate the molecular mechanisms involved in the behaviour of MLT in EAE, and to quantify other cytokines in different biological media in order for MLT to be considered an anti-inflammatory agent capable of regulating MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Ramos González
- Departamento de Fisiología, Centro Universitario Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México; División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - L J Ramirez Jirano
- División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - D Z García Martínez
- División de Investigación Quirúrgica, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - G G Ortiz
- División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - L F Jave Suárez
- División de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - C A Leal Cortes
- División de Investigación Quirúrgica, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - O K Bitzer Quintero
- División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
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Sánchez-Romero L, Pacheco-Moisés FP, Mohammed EH, Mireles-Ramírez MA, Cruz-Serrano JA, Velázquez-Brizuela IE, Delgado-Lara DLC, Briones-Torres AL, Ortiz GG. Effect of fish oil on oxidative stress markers in patients with probable Alzheimer´s disease. ALAN 2020. [DOI: 10.37527/2020.70.2.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
High intake of omega-3 fatty acids has been associated with synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis and memory in several experimental models. To assess the efficacy of fish oil supplementation on oxidative stress markers in patients diagnosed with probable Alzheimer´s disease (AD) we conducted a double blind, randomized, placebo controlled clinical trial. AD patients who met the inclusive criteria were given fish oil (containing 0.45 g eicosapentaenoic acid and 1 g docosahexaenoic acid) or placebo daily for 12 months. Oxidative stress markers [lipoperoxides, nitric oxide catabolites levels, oxidized/reduced glutathione ratio, and membrane fluidity] and fatty acid profile in erythrocytes were assessed at enrollment, and 6 and 12 months after the start of the testing period. At the end of the trial, in patients who received fish oil, we detected a decrease in the omega 6/omega 3 ratio in erythrocyte membrane phospholipids. This change was parallel with decreases in plasma levels of lipoperoxides and nitric oxide catabolites. Conversely, the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione was significantly increased. In addition, membrane fluidity was increased significantly in plasma membrane samples. In conclusion fish oil administration has a beneficial effect in decreasing the levels of oxidative stress markers and improving the membrane fluidity in plasma.
El alto consumo de ácidos grasos omega-3 se asocia con la plasticidad sináptica, neurogénesis y memoria en varios modelos experimentales. Para evaluar la eficacia de la suplementación con aceite de pescado en los marcadores de estrés oxidativo en pacientes con diagnóstico de la enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) probable realizamos un ensayo clínico doble ciego, aleatorizado, controlado con placebo. A los pacientes con la EA que cumplían los criterios de inclusión se les administró aceite de pescado (que contenía 0,45 g de ácido eicosapentaenoico y 1 g de ácido docosahexaenoico) o placebo diariamente durante 12 meses. Los marcadores de estrés oxidativo plasmático [niveles de lipoperóxidos y catabolitos del óxido nítrico, cociente de glutatión reducido a glutatiónoxidado) y fluidez de la membrana] y el perfil de ácidos grasos en los eritrocitos se evaluaron al inicio, 6 meses y alos 12 meses. Al final del ensayo, en pacientes que recibieron aceite de pescado detectamos una disminución en el cociente de ácidos grasos omega 6/omega 3 en los fosfolípidos de la membrana eritrocitaria. Este cambio ocurrió en paralelo a la disminución de los niveles plasmáticos de lipoperóxidos y catabolitos del óxido nítrico. Por el contrario, el cociente de glutatión reducido a glutatión oxidado se incrementó significativamente. Además, la fluidez de la membrana aumentó significativamente en las muestras analizadas. En conclusión, la administración de aceite de pescado tiene un efecto beneficioso al disminuir los niveles de marcadores de estrés oxidativo plasmático y mejorar la fluidez de la membrana plasmática.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Sánchez-Romero
- Department of Neurology. Hight Speciality Medical Unit. Western Medical Center; Mexican Social Security Institute (Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS), Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Fermín P. Pacheco-Moisés
- Laboratory of Biochemistry. Department of Chemistry. University Center of Exact Sciences and Engineering. University of Guadalajara. Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - El Hafidi Mohammed
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine. National Institute of Cardiology, Ignacio Chávez. Juan Badiano 1. México City. México
| | - Mario A. Mireles-Ramírez
- Department of Neurology. Hight Speciality Medical Unit. Western Medical Center; Mexican Social Security Institute (Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS), Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | | | - Irma E. Velázquez-Brizuela
- Department of Neurology. Hight Speciality Medical Unit. Western Medical Center; Mexican Social Security Institute (Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS), Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Daniela L. C. Delgado-Lara
- Department of Neurology. Hight Speciality Medical Unit. Western Medical Center; Mexican Social Security Institute (Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS), Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Ana Laura Briones-Torres
- Laboratory of Biochemistry. Department of Chemistry. University Center of Exact Sciences and Engineering. University of Guadalajara. Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Genaro Gabriel Ortiz
- Department of Philosophical and Methodological Disciplines. University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara. Guadalajara, Jalisco. México
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Delgado-Lara DL, González-Enríquez GV, Torres-Mendoza BM, González-Usigli H, Cárdenas-Bedoya J, Macías-Islas MA, de la Rosa AC, Jiménez-Delgado A, Pacheco-Moisés F, Cruz-Serrano JA, Ortiz GG. Effect of melatonin administration on the PER1 and BMAL1 clock genes in patients with Parkinson's disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110485. [PMID: 32768967 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep disorders are a widespread condition in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), which has been linked to a deregulation of the circadian cycle and therefore of the clock genes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of melatonin (MEL) on the PER1 and BMAL1 clock genes in patients with PD. A double-blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial pilot study was conducted in 26 patients with stage 1-3 PD according to the Hoehn & Yahr scale, who received either 25 mg of MEL or a placebo at noon and 30 min before bedtime for three months. The relative expression of the PER1 and BMAL1 genes was measured, as well as the presence of daytime, nocturnal, and global sleepiness, and the progression of PD. The levels of the PER1 and BMAL1 genes at baseline were 0.9 (0.1-3) vs. 0.56 (0.1-2.5), respectively; while after the intervention with MEL or placebo the BMAL1 levels increased to 2.5 (0-3.70) vs. 2.2 (0.10-3.30), respectively (d = 0.387). Fifty percent (50 %) of patients had daytime sleepiness and sixty-five percent (65 %) had abnormal nighttime sleepiness, yet neither group showed changes after the intervention. Patients with PD exhibited an alteration in the levels of the clock genes: MEL increased the levels of BMAL1, but the PER1 levels remained unchanged.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Delgado-Lara
- Department of Philosophical and Methodological Disciplines, University Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - G V González-Enríquez
- Department of Philosophical and Methodological Disciplines, University Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - B M Torres-Mendoza
- Department of Philosophical and Methodological Disciplines, University Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Division of Neurosciences, Western Biomedical Research Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - H González-Usigli
- Department of Neurology, Sub-Specialty Medical Unit, Western National Medical Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - J Cárdenas-Bedoya
- Department of Philosophical and Methodological Disciplines, University Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - M A Macías-Islas
- Department of Neurosciences, University Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - A Celis de la Rosa
- Department of Public Health, University Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - A Jiménez-Delgado
- Department of Chemistry, University Center of Exact Sciences and Engineering, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - F Pacheco-Moisés
- Department of Chemistry, University Center of Exact Sciences and Engineering, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | | | - G G Ortiz
- Department of Philosophical and Methodological Disciplines, University Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Department of Neurology, Sub-Specialty Medical Unit, Western National Medical Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
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11
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Ortiz GG, Mireles-Ramírez MA, Pacheco-Moisés FP, Ramírez-Jirano LJ, Bitzer-Quintero OK, Delgado-Lara DLC, Flores-Alvarado LJ, Mora-Navarro MA, Huerta M, Torres-Mendoza BMG. Are electrophysiological and oligodendrocyte alterations an element in the development of multiple sclerosis at the same time as or before the immune response? Int J Neurosci 2020; 131:1221-1230. [PMID: 32571126 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1786087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Efficient communication between the glial cells and neurons is a bi-directional process that is essential for conserving normal functioning in the central nervous system (CNS). Neurons dynamically regulate other brain cells in the healthy brain, yet little is known about the first pathways involving oligodendrocytes and neurons. Oligodendrocytes are the myelin-forming cells in the CNS that are needed for the propagation of action potentials along axons and additionally serve to support neurons by neurotrophic factors (NFTs). In demyelinating diseases, like multiple sclerosis (MS), oligodendrocytes are thought to be the victims. Axonal damage begins early and remains silent for years, and neurological disability develops when a threshold of axonal loss is reached, and the compensatory mechanisms are depleted. Three hypotheses have been proposed to explain axonal damage: 1) the damage is caused by an inflammatory process; 2) there is an excessive accumulation of intra-axonal calcium levels; and, 3) demyelinated axons evolve to a degenerative process resulting from the lack of trophic support provided by myelin or myelin-forming cells. Although MS was traditionally considered to be a white matter disease, the demyelination process also occurs in the cerebral cortex. Recent data supports the notion that initial response is triggered by CNS injury. Thus, the understanding of the role of neuron-glial neurophysiology would help provide us with further explanations. We should take in account the suggestion that MS is in part an autoimmune disease that involves genetic and environmental factors, and the pathological response leads to demyelination, axonal loss and inflammatory infiltrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genaro Gabriel Ortiz
- Department of Philosophical and Methodological Disciplines, University Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico.,Department of Neurology, Sub-Specialty Medical Unit, National Occidental Medical Center, The Mexican Social Security Institute (Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS), Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Mario A Mireles-Ramírez
- Department of Neurology, Sub-Specialty Medical Unit, National Occidental Medical Center, The Mexican Social Security Institute (Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS), Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Fermín P Pacheco-Moisés
- Department of Chemistry, University Center of Exact Sciences and Engineering, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Luis J Ramírez-Jirano
- Neurosciences Division, Western Biomedical Research Center (IMSS), Guadalajara, Mexico
| | | | - Daniela L C Delgado-Lara
- Department of Philosophical and Methodological Disciplines, University Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - L Javier Flores-Alvarado
- Department of Biochemistry, University Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Miriam A Mora-Navarro
- Department of Philosophical and Methodological Disciplines, University Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Miguel Huerta
- Biomedical Research Center, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | - Blanca M G Torres-Mendoza
- Department of Philosophical and Methodological Disciplines, University Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico.,Neurosciences Division, Western Biomedical Research Center (IMSS), Guadalajara, Mexico
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Ortiz GG, Moráles-Sánchez EW, Pacheco-Moisés FP, Jiménez-Gil FJ, Macías-Islas MA, Mireles-Ramírez MA, González-Usigli H. Effect of melatonin administration on cyclooxygenase-2 activity, serum levels of nitric oxide metabolites, lipoperoxides and glutathione peroxidase activity in patients with Parkinson’s disease. GAC MED MEX 2019; 153:S72-S81. [PMID: 29099102 DOI: 10.24875/gmm.m000008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the effect of melatonin (MEL) administration on ciclooxigenase 2 (COX-2) activity and serum concentration of nitric oxide metabolites, lipoperoxides and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in patients with Parkinson's disease. Methods Prospective double-blind randomized clinical pilot trial. 13 patients were included and two groups were formed: MEL at doses of 25 mg orally every 12 hours for 12 months and placebo with corn starch. Patients were assessed using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Scale. A blood sample was taken at baseline and every 3 months until 12 months. Results COX-2 activity decreased as did nitrates/nitrites (3, 6 and 9 months) and lipoperoxides (9 and 12 months); GPx exhibited no significant differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genaro Gabriel Ortiz
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo-Envejecimiento, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México
| | | | - F P Pacheco-Moisés
- Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Departamento de Química, Universidad de Guadalajara, México
| | - F J Jiménez-Gil
- Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad-Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Departamento de Neurología, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México
| | - M A Macías-Islas
- Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Neurociencias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - M A Mireles-Ramírez
- Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad-Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Departamento de Neurología, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México
| | - H González-Usigli
- Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad-Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Departamento de Neurología, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México
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13
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Ortiz GG, Moráles-Sánchez E, Pacheco-Moisés F, Jiménez-Gil F, Macías-Islas M, Mireles-Ramírez M, González-Usigli H. Efecto de la administración de melatonina sobre la actividad de la ciclooxigenasa-2, la concentración sérica de metabolitos del óxido nítrico, los lipoperóxidos y la actividad de la glutatión peroxidasa en pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson. GAC MED MEX 2019. [DOI: 10.24875/gmm.m17000008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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14
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Sánchez-López AL, Ortiz GG, Pacheco-Moises FP, Mireles-Ramírez MA, Bitzer-Quintero OK, Delgado-Lara DLC, Ramírez-Jirano LJ, Velázquez-Brizuela IE. Efficacy of Melatonin on Serum Pro-inflammatory Cytokines and Oxidative Stress Markers in Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis. Arch Med Res 2018; 49:391-398. [PMID: 30595364 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease, which leads to focal plaques of demyelination and tissue injury in the central nervous system (CNS). Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are involved in the pathogenesis of MS, promoting tissue damage and demielinization. Current research findings suggest that melatonin has antioxidant and neuroprotective effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of melatonin on serum pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). 36 patients diagnose with RRMS treated with Interferon β-1b (IFNβ-1b) were enrolled in a double bind, randomized, placebo controlled trial. The experimental group received orally 25 mg/d of melatonin for 6 months. After melatonin administration, we observed a significant decrease in serum concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers; 18% for TNF-α (p <0.05), 34.8% for IL-1β (p <0.05), 34.7% for IL-6 (p <0.05), 39.9% for lipoperoxides (LPO) (p <0.05) and 24% for nitric oxide catabolites (NOC) levels (p <0.05), compared with placebo group. No significant difference in clinical efficacy outcomes were found between groups. Melatonin treatment was well tolerated and we did not observe significant differences in rates of side effects between the two groups. We concluded that melatonin administration during 6 months period is effective in reducing levels of serum pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers in patients with RRMS. These data support future studies evaluating the safety and effectiveness of melatonin supplementation in RRMS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica L Sánchez-López
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo, Envejecimiento y Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México; Departamento de Bioingenierias, Instituto Tecnologico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Genaro Gabriel Ortiz
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo, Envejecimiento y Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México; Departamento de Neurología, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico de Nacional de Occidente, IMSS, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
| | - Fermín P Pacheco-Moises
- Departamento de Química, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Mario A Mireles-Ramírez
- Departamento de Neurología, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico de Nacional de Occidente, IMSS, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Oscar K Bitzer-Quintero
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunomodulación, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Daniela L C Delgado-Lara
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo, Envejecimiento y Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Luis J Ramírez-Jirano
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo, Envejecimiento y Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Irma E Velázquez-Brizuela
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo, Envejecimiento y Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
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Ortiz GG, Pacheco Moisés FP, Mireles-Ramírez M, Flores-Alvarado LJ, González-Usigli H, Sánchez-González VJ, Sánchez-López AL, Sánchez-Romero L, Díaz-Barba EI, Santoscoy-Gutiérrez JF, Rivero-Moragrega P. Oxidative Stress: Love and Hate History in Central Nervous System. Adv Protein Chem Struct Biol 2017; 108:1-31. [PMID: 28427557 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Molecular oxygen is essential for aerobic organisms in order to synthesize large amounts of energy during the process of oxidative phosphorylation and it is harnessed in the form of adenosine triphosphate, the chemical energy of the cell. Oxygen is toxic for anaerobic organisms but it is also less obvious that oxygen is poisonous to aerobic organisms at higher concentrations of oxygen. For instance, oxygen toxicity is a condition resulting from the harmful effects of breathing molecular oxygen at increased partial pressures. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are chemically reactive molecules containing oxygen that are formed as a natural byproduct of the normal metabolism of oxygen and have important roles in cell signaling and homeostasis. However, in pathological conditions ROS levels can increase dramatically. This may result in significant damage to cell structures. Living organisms have been adapted to the ROS in two ways: they can mitigate the unwanted effects through removal by the antioxidant systems and can advantageously use them as messengers in cell signaling and regulation of body functions. Some other physiological functions of ROS include the regulation of vascular tone, detection, and adaptation to hypoxia. In this review, we describe the mechanisms of oxidative damage and its relationship with the most highly studied neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genaro Gabriel Ortiz
- Laboratorio de Mitocondria-Estrés Oxidativo y Patología, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
| | - Fermín P Pacheco Moisés
- Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Mario Mireles-Ramírez
- Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Luis J Flores-Alvarado
- Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Héctor González-Usigli
- Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | | | - Angélica L Sánchez-López
- Laboratorio de Mitocondria-Estrés Oxidativo y Patología, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Lorenzo Sánchez-Romero
- Laboratorio de Mitocondria-Estrés Oxidativo y Patología, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Eduardo I Díaz-Barba
- Laboratorio de Mitocondria-Estrés Oxidativo y Patología, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - J Francisco Santoscoy-Gutiérrez
- Laboratorio de Mitocondria-Estrés Oxidativo y Patología, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Paloma Rivero-Moragrega
- Laboratorio de Mitocondria-Estrés Oxidativo y Patología, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
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16
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Navarro-Meza M, Morales-Sánchez EW, Pacheco-Moisés F, Ortiz GG. [NUTRITIONAL AND SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS IN PARKINSON'S DISEASE: RURAL VIEW]. NUTR HOSP 2015; 32:2783-91. [PMID: 26667735 DOI: 10.3305/nh.2015.32.6.9742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), its prevalent in population to 65 years of age, nevertheless can occur earlier. Patients with PD exhibit motor and no motor symptoms these may relate with changes in nutritional habits during disease progression. The prevalence of PD and nutritional factor could be different in rural areas compared to urban regions and can be associated with sociocultural and demographic features. It has been suggested a possible association between excessive intake of saturated fats and low consumption of vitamins such as B6 with EP, however, the results are still not conclusive. Some of significant factors could affect nutritional habits and status in PD in rural areas, are: health status, economic availability, environmental and geographical factors, among others. This review presents some eating habits and sociodemographic factors in PD principally in rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Navarro-Meza
- Centro de Investigación en Comportamiento alimentario (CICAN). Centro Universitario del Sur. Universidad de Guadalajara. Ciudad Guzmán, municipio de Zapotlán el Grande, Jalisco..
| | - Eddic Willie Morales-Sánchez
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud. Centro Universitario de Tonalá. Universidad de Guadalajara. Ejido San José Tateposco, Tonalá, Jalisco..
| | - Fermin Pacheco-Moisés
- Departamento de Química. Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías. Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco..
| | - Genaro Gabriel Ortiz
- Departamento de Química. Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías. Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco..
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Sánchez Lafarga AK, Pacheco Moisés FP, Gurinov A, Ortiz GG, Carbajal Arízaga GG. Dual responsive dysprosium-doped hydroxyapatite particles and toxicity reduction after functionalization with folic and glucuronic acids. Materials Science and Engineering: C 2015; 48:541-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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González-Esquivel AE, Charles-Niño CL, Pacheco-Moisés FP, Ortiz GG, Jaramillo-Juárez F, Rincón-Sánchez AR. Beneficial effects of quercetin on oxidative stress in liver and kidney induced by titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles in rats. Toxicol Mech Methods 2015; 25:166-75. [DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2015.1006491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Ortiz GG, Pacheco-Moisés FP, Macías-Islas MÁ, Flores-Alvarado LJ, Mireles-Ramírez MA, González-Renovato ED, Hernández-Navarro VE, Sánchez-López AL, Alatorre-Jiménez MA. Role of the blood-brain barrier in multiple sclerosis. Arch Med Res 2014; 45:687-97. [PMID: 25431839 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2014.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system associated with demyelination and axonal loss eventually leading to neurodegeneration. MS exhibits many of the hallmarks of an inflammatory autoimmune disorder including breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a complex organization of cerebral endothelial cells, pericytes and their basal lamina, which are surrounded and supported by astrocytes and perivascular macrophages. In pathological conditions, lymphocytes activated in the periphery infiltrate the central nervous system to trigger a local immune response that ultimately damages myelin and axons. Cytotoxic factors including pro-inflammatory cytokines, proteases, and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species accumulate and may contribute to myelin destruction. Dysregulation of the BBB and transendothelial migration of activated leukocytes are among the earliest cerebrovascular abnormalities seen in MS brains and parallel the release of inflammatory cytokines. In this review we establish the importance of the role of the BBB in MS. Improvements in our understanding of molecular mechanism of BBB functioning in physiological and pathological conditions could lead to improvement in the quality of life of MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genaro Gabriel Ortiz
- Laboratorio Desarrollo-Envejecimiento, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
| | - Fermín Paul Pacheco-Moisés
- Departamento de Química, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Miguel Ángel Macías-Islas
- Departamento de Neurología, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad (UMAE), Hospital de Especialidades (HE), Centro Médico de Nacional de Occidente (CMNO), IMSS, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Luis Javier Flores-Alvarado
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Mario A Mireles-Ramírez
- Departamento de Neurología, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad (UMAE), Hospital de Especialidades (HE), Centro Médico de Nacional de Occidente (CMNO), IMSS, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Erika Daniela González-Renovato
- Laboratorio Desarrollo-Envejecimiento, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Vanessa Elizabeth Hernández-Navarro
- Laboratorio Desarrollo-Envejecimiento, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Angélica Lizeth Sánchez-López
- Laboratorio Desarrollo-Envejecimiento, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Moisés Alejandro Alatorre-Jiménez
- Laboratorio Desarrollo-Envejecimiento, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
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Rodríguez-Carrizalez AD, Castellanos-González JA, Martínez-Romero EC, Miller-Arrevillaga G, Villa-Hernández D, Hernández-Godínez PP, Ortiz GG, Pacheco-Moisés FP, Cardona-Muñoz EG, Miranda-Díaz AG. Oxidants, antioxidants and mitochondrial function in non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy. J Diabetes 2014; 6:167-75. [PMID: 23875878 PMCID: PMC4232896 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a preventable cause of visual disability. The aims of the present study were to investigate levels and behavior oxidative stress markers and mitochondrial function in non-proliferative DR (NPDR) and to establish the correlation between the severity of NPDR and markers of oxidative stress and mitochondrial function. METHODS In a transverse analysis, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with mild, moderate and severe non-proliferative DR (NPDR) were evaluated for markers of oxidative stress (i.e. products of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and nitric oxide (NO) catabolites) and antioxidant activity (i.e. total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity of erythrocytes). Mitochondrial function was also determined as the fluidity of the submitochondrial particles of platelets and the hydrolytic activity of F0 /F1 -ATPase. RESULTS Levels of LPO and NO were significantly increased in T2DM patients with severe NPDR (3.19 ± 0.05 μmol/mL and 45.62 ± 1.27 pmol/mL, respectively; P < 0.007 and P < 0.0001 vs levels in health volunteers, respectively), suggesting the presence of oxidative stress. TAC had significant decrease levels with minimum peak in severe retinopathy with 7.98 ± 0.48 mEq/mL (P < 0.0001). In contrast with TAC, erythrocyte catalase and GPx activity was increased in patients with severe NPDR (139.4 ± 4.4 and 117.13 ± 14.84 U/mg, respectively; P < 0.0001 vs healthy volunteers for both), suggesting an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants. The fluidity of membrane submitochondrial particles decreased significantly in T2DM patients with mild, moderate, or severe NPDR compared with that in healthy volunteers (P < 0.0001 for all). Furthermore, there was a significant increase in the hydrolytic activity of the F0 /F1 -ATPase in T2DM patients with mild NPDR (265.07 ± 29.55 nmol/PO4 ; P < 0.0001 vs healthy volunteers), suggesting increased catabolism. CONCLUSIONS Patients with NPDR exhibit oxidative deregulation with decreased membrane fluidity of submitochondrial particles and increased systemic catabolism (mitochondrial dysfunction) with the potential for generalized systemic damage in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Esaú César Martínez-Romero
- Departament of Ophthalmology, Specialties Hospital of the National Occidental Medical CentreGuadalajara, México
| | | | - David Villa-Hernández
- Departament of Ophthalmology, Specialties Hospital of the National Occidental Medical CentreGuadalajara, México
| | | | - Genaro Gabriel Ortiz
- Oxidative Stress and Pathology Laboratory, Division of Neurosciences, Occidental Biomedical Research Centre, Social Security Institute of MexicoGuadalajara, México
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Bladen CL, Thompson R, Jackson JM, Garland C, Wegel C, Ambrosini A, Pisano P, Walter MC, Schreiber O, Lusakowska A, Jedrzejowska M, Kostera-Pruszczyk A, van der Pol L, Wadman RI, Gredal O, Karaduman A, Topaloglu H, Yilmaz O, Matyushenko V, Rasic VM, Kosac A, Karcagi V, Garami M, Herczegfalvi A, Monges S, Moresco A, Chertkoff L, Chamova T, Guergueltcheva V, Butoianu N, Craiu D, Korngut L, Campbell C, Haberlova J, Strenkova J, Alejandro M, Jimenez A, Ortiz GG, Enriquez GVG, Rodrigues M, Roxburgh R, Dawkins H, Youngs L, Lahdetie J, Angelkova N, Saugier-Veber P, Cuisset JM, Bloetzer C, Jeannet PY, Klein A, Nascimento A, Tizzano E, Salgado D, Mercuri E, Sejersen T, Kirschner J, Rafferty K, Straub V, Bushby K, Verschuuren J, Beroud C, Lochmüller H. Mapping the differences in care for 5,000 spinal muscular atrophy patients, a survey of 24 national registries in North America, Australasia and Europe. J Neurol 2014; 261:152-63. [PMID: 24162038 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-013-7154-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterised by the degeneration of motor neurons and progressive muscle weakness. It is caused by homozygous deletions in the survival motor neuron gene on chromosome 5. SMA shows a wide range of clinical severity, with SMA type I patients often dying before 2 years of age, whereas type III patients experience less severe clinical manifestations and can have a normal life span. Here, we describe the design, setup and utilisation of the TREAT-NMD national SMA patient registries characterised by a small, but fully standardised set of registry items and by genetic confirmation in all patients. We analyse a selection of clinical items from the SMA registries in order to provide a snapshot of the clinical data stratified by SMA subtype, and compare these results with published recommendations on standards of care. Our study included 5,068 SMA patients in 25 countries. A total of 615 patients were ventilated, either invasively (178) or non-invasively (437), 439 received tube feeding and 455 had had scoliosis surgery. Some of these interventions were not available to patients in all countries, but differences were also noted among high-income countries with comparable wealth and health care systems. This study provides the basis for further research, such as quality of life in ventilated SMA patients, and will inform clinical trial planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine L Bladen
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases at Newcastle, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK,
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Ortiz GG, Pacheco-Moisés FP, Gómez-Rodríguez VM, González-Renovato ED, Torres-Sánchez ED, Ramírez-Anguiano AC. Fish oil, melatonin and vitamin E attenuates midbrain cyclooxygenase-2 activity and oxidative stress after the administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridine. Metab Brain Dis 2013; 28:705-9. [PMID: 23703110 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-013-9416-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease whose hallmark pathological features include a selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain. Ciclooxygenase-2 activity induction and oxidative stress have been implicated in the aetiology of Parkinson's disease and in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) animal model of Parkinson disease. Upon administration of fish oil, melatonin and vitamin E, neuroprotective effects on MPTP-induced neurotoxicity have been indicated. The aim of this study was to investigate the time course and compare the potency of these agents alone, on several parameters such as COX-2 and lipid peroxides (LPO) products associated with MPTP neurotoxicity in midbrain homogenates of C57BL/6 mice. Using fish oil (0.0368 g EPA and 0.0184 g DHA, per day), melatonin (10 mg/kg/day), and vitamin E (50 mg/Kg/day) we have now shown that COX-2 activity, LPO and nitrite/nitrate levels were significantly increased in MPTP treated mice (p < 0.001) while fish oil, melatonin and vitamin E treatment were capable of decreasing significantly the outcome of all above noted parameters (p < 0.05). The effect of fish oil on COX-2 activity and nitrite/nitrate levels was more profound than that of vitamin E or melatonin while the latter was more effective on reducing the LPO levels compared to fish oil and vitamin E. In conclusion, the outcome of the neuroprotective effects of these agents is long lasting and of variable potency indicating a different anti-inflammatory mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genaro Gabriel Ortiz
- Laboratorio de Mitocondria-Estrés Oxidativo & Patología, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
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23
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Ortiz GG, Arias-Merino ED, Velázquez-Brizuela IE, Pacheco-Moisés FP, Flores-Alvarado LJ, Torres-Sánchez ED, Cortés-Enríquez F, González-Renovato ED, Ortiz-Velázquez IG. [Aging and metabolism: changes and regulation]. Arch Latinoam Nutr 2012; 62:249-257. [PMID: 24617027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Studies about the effects of aging in the physiology and metabolism are increasingly, one of its objectives is to help implement programs to improve the quality of life and prevent disability in elderly. It is relevant to mention that, during aging, there is a natural metabolic deceleration, a series of changes in the regulation of energy are produced, which contributes to loss of weight and fat; the changes in the regulation of caloric intake contribute to increase the susceptibility to energy imbalance both positive and negative, which is associated with a deterioration in health. However, to grow old, is not a death sentence for metabolism, on the other hand, it can be controlled by maintaining an active lifestyle, coupled with this, research has shown that the metabolism'can be regulated by a synchronized clock (circadian rhythms), which is mediated by regulatory proteins, this relationship ensures the proper functioning of the cells and therefore good health. The aim of this review is to provide updated information on the energy- metabolism-regulation and its relationship with the great variety of components involved in energy expenditure that accompany aging, to analyze the regulation of this system to improve the quality of life and maintenance of health in old age.
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Arias-Merino ED, Mendoza-Ruvalcaba NM, Ortiz GG, Velázquez-Brizuela IE, Meda-Lara RM, Cueva-Contreras J. Physical function and associated factors in community-dwelling elderly people in Jalisco, Mexico. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2012; 54:e271-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2012.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Revised: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Miranda-Díaz AG, Hermosillo-Sandoval JM, Ortiz GG, Lizardi-García D, Cardona-Muñoz EG, Pacheco-Moisés F. Serum oxidative stress is increased in patients with post cholecystectomy bile duct injury. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 2010; 102:352-6. [PMID: 20575594 DOI: 10.4321/s1130-01082010000600002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-cholecystectomy bile duct injuries are identified by the onset of jaundice as well as elevated bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase levels during the peri-operative period. It is unknown how serum oxidative stress markers are modified in patients with post-cholecystectomy bile duct injuries. OBJECTIVE To determine serum oxidative stress marker levels (lipid peroxidation by-products, nitrites/nitrates and total antioxidant capacity) in patients with post-cholecystectomy bile duct injuries. PATIENTS AND METHODS A prospective, transversal and analytical study was designed with two groups. Group 1: 5 healthy volunteer subjects. Group 2: 52 patients with post-cholecystectomy bile duct injuries (43 female and 9 male). An elective bilio-digestive reconstruction was performed at week 8. The serum oxidative stress marker levels were quantified by colorimetric method. RESULTS Patients with bile duct injuries had a significant increased serum lipid peroxides (malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxy-alkenals) and nitric oxide metabolites (nitrites/nitrates) levels compared to the control group. In contrast, total antioxidant capacity in patients with bile duct injuries remained similar compared to healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS The results show that oxidative stress is usually associated to bile duct injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Miranda-Díaz
- General Surgery, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
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Ramírez-Iñiguez AL, Ortiz GG, El Hafidi M, Rincón-Sánchez AR, Macías-Rodríguez E, Pacheco-Moisés FP. Acute treatment of constant darkness increases the efficiency of ATP synthase in rat liver mitochondria. Ann Hepatol 2010; 8:371-6. [PMID: 20009138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The circadian oscillations of many physiological processes provide an endogenous temporal program for the adaptive synchronization of mammals to the fluctuating external world. The lack of exposure to light causes the circadian system to undergo a process of dark adaptation similar to dark adaptation in the visual system. The aim of the present work was investigate the effect of acute treatment of constant darkness on mitochondrial ATP synthase activities and membrane fluidity in liver from male rat. We found that ATP synthase activity was not changed by the treatment. However ATPase activity and membrane fluidity were significantly diminished and pH gradient driven by ATP hydrolysis was incremented, in comparison from samples from rats kept on normal light/dark cycles. Additionally, the treatment of constant darkness diminishes the passive proton permeability of the inner mitochondrial membrane. In conclusion constant darkness induces a more efficient coupling between proton transport and catalysis, and increment the efficiency of the enzyme because the ratio of ATP synthase/ATPase activity was higher. These results exhibited the physiological adaptation of liver mitochondria to acute treatment of constant darkness in order to satisfy the cellular energy demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Laura Ramírez-Iñiguez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
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27
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Gallegos-Arreola MP, Figuera LE, Ortiz GG, Jiménez-Gil FJ, Ramírez-Vega J, Ruíz-Sandoval JL, Puebla-Pérez AM, Troyo-Sanroman R, García-Ortiz JE, Sanchez-Corona J, Zúñiga-González GM. Apolipoprotein E genotypes in Mexican patients with Parkinson's disease. Dis Markers 2010; 27:225-30. [PMID: 20037210 PMCID: PMC3834675 DOI: 10.3233/dma-2009-0667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background: The association of the apolipoprotein (Apo E) -epsilon4 allele to neurodegenerative diseases such as
Parkinson’s disease (PD) has been analyzed in several studies. This association has been identified by amyloid deposits and
neurofibrillary tangles in the brains of patients with neurodegenerative diseases.
Method: In this study the possible relationship between Apo E alleles and PD patients was analyzed in 105 patients with PD and
107 healthy controls from a Mexican population.
Results: Allele analysis in PD vs. controls was: ε2 in 6% and 2.3%, respectively; ε3 in 73% and 88.3%; and ε4 in 21% and
9.4%. The ε3 allele showed a protective risk effect with an Odds ratio (OR) of 0.36 (95%CI 0.20-0.61) and p < 0.05; contrary
results were observed for the ε4 allele, which showed an increased risk for PD, with an OR of 2.57(95% CI 1.42-4.79) and p <
0.05. Upon multivariate analysis showed PD risk was evident in patients who were carriers of the genotype ε3/ε4; age group
(fifty or more years) and had exposure to pesticides and solvents (p < 0.05).
Conclusions: The ε3/ε3; ε3/ε4 genotypes of the Apo E, were positively associated with sporadic PD.
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Bitzer-Quintero OK, Dávalos-Marín AJ, Ortiz GG, Meza ARDA, Torres-Mendoza BM, Robles RG, Huerta VC, Beas-Zárate C. Antioxidant activity of tryptophan in rats under experimental endotoxic shock. Biomed Pharmacother 2010; 64:77-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2009.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2009] [Accepted: 07/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Ortiz GG, Feria-Velasco A, Pacheco-Moisés FP, Rodríguez-Reinoso S, Cruz-Ramos JA, Rosales-Corral SA, Reiter RJ. Scanning electron microscopy of the orbital Harderian gland in the male Atlantic bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). Anat Histol Embryol 2009; 38:279-81. [PMID: 19614629 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0264.2009.00937.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The ultrastructure of the Harderian gland of Atlantic bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We found the following surface features: the typical round appearance of the ascinar glandular unit with a finely granular surface, a thin cortex and immediately below two types of cells: type I cells (characterized by small lipid vacuoles) and type II cells (characterized by large lipid vacuoles). It has been suggested that different cells forms represent a single cell type in varying activity states. Additionally, a coalescent tubular complex, a small balloon-like structures and large globular structures were observed. These structures may be reservoirs of secretion products.
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Affiliation(s)
- G G Ortiz
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo-Envejecimiento, Division of Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
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Arias‐Merino ED, Diaz‐Gracia IF, Velazquez‐Brizuela IE, Gabriel Ortiz G, Mendoza‐Ruvalcaba NM, Meda‐Lara RM, Cueva‐Contreras J. P1‐188: Quality of life, depression and stress in caregivers of elderly with dementia in jalisco, mexico. Alzheimers Dement 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2009.04.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Arias‐Merino ED, Ortiz GG, Velazquez‐Brizuela IE, Meda‐Lara RM, Morales‐Sanchez AE, Mendoza‐Ruvalcaba NM. P3‐169: Cognitive impairment in elderly in the rural area of Western Mexico. Alzheimers Dement 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2009.04.1043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ortiz GG, Macías-Islas MA, Pacheco-Moisés FP, Cruz-Ramos JA, Sustersik S, Barba EA, Aguayo A. Oxidative stress is increased in serum from Mexican patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Dis Markers 2009; 26:35-9. [PMID: 19242067 PMCID: PMC3833233 DOI: 10.3233/dma-2009-0602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the oxidative stress markers in serum from patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. METHODS Blood samples from healthy controls and 22 patients 15 women (7 aged from 20 to 30 and 8 were > 40 years old) and 7 men (5 aged from 20 to 30 and 2 were > 40 years old) fulfilling the McDonald Criteria and classified as having Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis accordingly with Lublin were collected for oxidative stress markers quantification. RESULTS Nitric oxide metabolites (nitrates/nitrites), lipid peroxidation products (malondialdehyde plus 4-hidroxialkenals), and glutathione peroxidase activity were significantly increased in serum of subjects with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis in comparison with that of healthy controls. These data support the hypothesis that multiple sclerosis is a component closely linked to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genaro Gabriel Ortiz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
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Ibáñez-Hernández MG, Macías-Islas MA, Zavalza-Gómez AB, Pacheco-Moisés FP, Ortiz GG. [The effect of ibuprofen and acetylsalicylic acid on cognitive impairment, total antioxidant power and isoprostane serum]. GAC MED MEX 2008; 144:497-502. [PMID: 19112722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There are controversial studies on the prevention of Alzheimer's disease with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of ibuprofen and acetylsalicylic acid on cognitive impairment, serum total antioxidant power (TAP) and isoprostane (8-iso-PGF2alpha). METHODS From April 2004 to February 2006, a Folstein mini-mental state (MMSE), Syndrome Kurtz Test (SKT) and a geriatric depression scale (Yasevage) were applied to eighteen, 55-56 years old eligible women. All women (n= 18) with normal cognitive state were randomized to ibuprofen 400 mg per day (n= 9) and acetylsalicylic acid 500 mg per day (n= 9) for one year. Serum TAP and 8-iso-PGF2alpha were performed at baseline, after six months and one year of treatment. RESULTS After one year of treatment with acetylsalicylic acid five women (55.6%) raised their score 4 points in MMSE compared with 3 points increased (33.3%) showed by the ibuprofen group. TAP increased (p=0.01) and 8-iso-PGF2alpha reduced (p=0.01) in both groups compared with baseline. CONCLUSIONS Both drugs improved the cognitive state andoxidative status of our population.
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Larios-Arceo F, Ortiz GG, Huerta M, Leal-Cortés C, Saldaña JA, Bitzer-Quintero OK, Rodríguez-Reynoso S. Protective effects of melatonin against caustic esophageal burn injury in rats. J Pineal Res 2008; 45:219-23. [PMID: 18373556 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2008.00562.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Caustic ingestion is one of the most life-threatening events in the pediatric age group, which requires the immediate management and subsequent treatment of its most significant complication, i.e. alterations in esophageal structure. We investigated whether melatonin could reduce the esophageal burn damage induced by sodium hydroxide. It was assumed that melatonin could be effective because of its function as a direct free radical scavenger, its antioxidative actions and its ability to diminish tissue hydroxyproline (HP) levels. Esophageal burns were induced in male rats by the administration of 10% sodium hydroxide. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) products were then measured at the following times: 0, 1, 6, 24, 48 and 72 hr after treatment. Tissue HP concentrations in the injured area were assessed at 14 days after the administration of sodium hydroxide. The groups received either systemic melatonin or normal saline. There were two, non-ischemic, sham control groups treated with or without melatonin. LPO products, malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxyalkenal (4-HDA), increased immediately after the administration of sodium hydroxide; this indicates the participation of free radicals in the development of damage. Melatonin diminished the oxidative response and the amount of HP in the late phase of the lesion. Melatonin reduced oxidative damage in the early phase of the esophageal burns induced by sodium hydroxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Larios-Arceo
- Servicio de Cirugía Pediátrica, Hospital de Pediatría, IMSS, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
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Ortiz GG, Feria-Velasco A, Tarpley RL, Bitzer-Quintero OK, Rosales-Corral SA, Velázquez-Brizuela IE, López-Navarro OG, Reiter RJ. The Orbital Harderian Gland of the Male Atlantic Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus): A Morphological Study. Anat Histol Embryol 2007; 36:209-14. [PMID: 17535354 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0264.2007.00757.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The ultrastructure of the Atlantic Bottlenose dolphin Harderian gland (HG) has been described but some questions remain unanswered. The purpose of this work was to define the gland's structure, ultrastructure and the differences between cells (types I and II) of the male dolphin using optic, fluorescence and electron transmission microscopy. Three different cells were observed under optic and fluorescence microscopic examination, while only two cell types (types I and II) were distinguished by electron transmission microscopy. Type I (oval nuclear envelope) exhibited three different cell populations and type II (indented nuclear envelope) exhibited two different cell populations. Although, we observed both types of vesicles in both types of cells they differed, principally, in quantity. The glands also possessed prominent duct systems, with three orders of complexity. The dolphin orbital HG appears to function as a mixed heterologous gland with two types of cells that exhibit both types of vesicles and other distinguishable differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- G G Ortiz
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo-Envejecimiento, Div. Neurociencias, CIBO-IMSS, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
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36
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Ortiz GG, Bitzer-Quintero OK, Zárate CB, Rodríguez-Reynoso S, Larios-Arceo F, Velázquez-Brizuela IE, Pacheco-Moisés F, Rosales-Corral SA. Monosodium glutamate-induced damage in liver and kidney: a morphological and biochemical approach. Biomed Pharmacother 2006; 60:86-91. [PMID: 16488110 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2005.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2005] [Accepted: 07/11/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that high concentrations of monosodium glutamate in the central nervous system induce neuronal necrosis and damage in retina and circumventricular organs. In this model, the monosodium glutamate is used to induce an epileptic state; one that requires highly concentrated doses. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the toxic effects of the monosodium glutamate in liver and kidney after an intra-peritoneal injection. For the experiment, we used 192 Wistar rats to carry out the following assessments: a) the quantification of the enzymes alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, b) the quantification of the lipid peroxidation products and c) the morphological evaluation of the liver and kidney. During the experiment, all of these assessments were carried out at 0, 15, 30 and 45 min after the intra-peritoneal injection. In the rats that received monosodium glutamate, we observed increments in the concentration of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase at 30 and 45 min. Also, an increment of the lipid peroxidation products, in kidney, was exhibited at 15, 30 and 45 min while in liver it was observed at 30 and 45 min. Degenerative changes were observed (edema-degeneration-necrosis) at 15, 30 and 45 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- G G Ortiz
- Lab. de Desarrollo-Envejecimiento, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
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Abstract
AIMS Nitric oxide (NO) is a free radical which reportedly causes damage to living cells. This study evaluated the damaging effect of NO and the protection of melatonin on the retina in vivo. METHODS Female Wistar rats (230-250 g) received two intraperitoneal injections of either melatonin (5 mg/kg) or vehicle alone. After general anaesthesia, the animals received 1 microl intravitreal injections of 0.9% saline and 1 mM sodium nitroprusside (SNP) into the right eye and the left eye, respectively. The animals were divided into two groups and then sacrificed after 24 hours (day 1) and 96 hours (day 4). The mean inner retinal layer thickness (mIRLT), the number of retinas expressing hyperchromatic (HC) nuclei in the inner nuclear layer (INL) and the apoptotic ganglion cell detection were compared. RESULTS After 1 day, SNP significantly increased the mIRLT by 45% (p = 0.004), initiated more INL nuclear HC expression (p = 0.01) and apoptotic nuclei (p<0.05) compared with the control eyes. Injection of melatonin ameliorated these changes. On day 4, SNP demonstrated similar effects in all parameters on the retina. After the injection of melatonin, both INL HC expression and apoptotic ganglion nuclei in the SNP treated eyes were similar to the controls but the mIRLT was significantly greater than in controls (p = 0.006). CONCLUSION Uncontrolled NO elevation caused morphological and nuclear changes in the retina. Melatonin significantly suppressed the NO induced increase in mIRLT, INL HC expression, and apoptotic ganglion cells on day 1, but not after day 4. Melatonin may have a protective role in the NO elevated retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- A W Siu
- Division of Neurociencias, Centro de Investigacion Biomedical de Occidente, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
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Ortiz GG, García JJ, Feria-Velasco A, Rosales-Corral SA, Reiter RJ. Scanning electron microscopy of the superficial pineal gland of the 15-day-old rat (Rattus norvegicus). Anat Histol Embryol 2004; 33:158-60. [PMID: 15144284 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0264.2004.00527.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The presence of a cortex and medulla in the superficial pineal gland has been a controversial point in the morphology of this structure in mammals. The published reports indicate contradictory data especially in rodents. In this study the pineal gland of 15-day-old male rats (Rattus norvegicus) were studied, using scanning electron microscopy, in an attempt to determine whether or not a cortex and medulla are apparent in the pineal gland of young rats. The superficial pineal gland of the 15-day-old rat exhibited both a cortex and a medulla; these areas exhibited different structural organizations. The cortex had a thickness of 40-80 microm and the cells did not show a particular arrangement. The center of the gland was composed of a medulla, which had a width of 1000-1200 microm, and consisted of cells arranged in cords; its morphology was distinctly different from that of the cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- G G Ortiz
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo-Envejecimiento, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
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García JJ, Reiter RJ, Karbownik M, Calvo JR, Ortiz GG, Tan DX, Martínez-Ballarín E, Acuña-Castroviejo D. N-acetylserotonin suppresses hepatic microsomal membrane rigidity associated with lipid peroxidation. Eur J Pharmacol 2001; 428:169-75. [PMID: 11675033 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(01)01342-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
N-acetylserotonin, the immediate precursor of melatonin in the tryptophan metabolic pathway in the pineal gland, has been reported to be an antioxidant. The aim of this work was to test the effect of N-acetylserotonin in stabilizing biological membranes against oxidative stress. Hepatic microsomal membranes from male adult rats were incubated with N-acetylserotonin (0.001-3 mM) before inducing lipid peroxidation using FeCl(3), ADP and NADPH. Control experiments were done by incubating microsomal membranes with N-acetylserotonin in the absence of lipid peroxidation-inducing drugs. Membrane fluidity was assessed by fluorescence spectroscopy and malonaldehyde plus 4-hydroxyalkenals concentrations were measured to estimate the degree of lipid peroxidation. Free radicals induced by the combination of FeCl(3)+ADP+NADPH produced a significant decrease in the microsomal membrane fluidity, which was associated with an increase in the malonaldehyde plus 4-hydroxyalkenals levels. These changes were suppressed in a concentration-dependent manner when N-acetylserotonin was added in the incubation buffer. In the absence of lipid peroxidation, N-acetylserotonin (0.001-3 mM) did not change membrane fluidity nor malonaldehyde plus 4-hydroxyalkenals levels. These results suggest that the protective role of N-acetylserotonin in preserving optimal levels of fluidity of the biological membranes may be related to its ability to reduce lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J García
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, Mail code 7762, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
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Ortiz GG, Sánchez-Ruiz Y, Tan DX, Reiter RJ, Benítez-King G, Beas-Zárate C. Melatonin, vitamin E, and estrogen reduce damage induced by kainic acid in the hippocampus: potassium-stimulated GABA release. J Pineal Res 2001; 31:62-7. [PMID: 11485006 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-079x.2001.310109.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin, vitamin E and estrogen have been shown to exert neuroprotective effects against kainic acid (KA)-induced damage in the hippocampus. The aim of the present study was to examine the changes in potassium-evoked gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) release in the hippocampus of KA-treated rats and to test the possible protective effects of melatonin, vitamin E or estrogen. Following the treatment of mice with KA, a marked reduction in potassium-evoked [3H]GABA release was observed. Melatonin or estrogen prevented the reduction in potassium-evoked GABA release due to kainate administration. Vitamin E also exhibited some protective effect, but it was less than that provided by melatonin or estrogen. Melatonin, estrogen and, to a lesser extent, vitamin E reduce the physiological toxicity of KA. Since KA is believed to cause neuronal alterations via oxidative processes, it is assumed that the free radical scavenging and oxidative properties of melatonin, estrogen and vitamin E account for the protective effects of these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- G G Ortiz
- División de Neurociencias, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
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41
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Calvo JR, Reiter RJ, García JJ, Ortiz GG, Tan DX, Karbownik M. Characterization of the protective effects of melatonin and related indoles against alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate-induced liver injury in rats. J Cell Biochem 2001; 80:461-70. [PMID: 11169730 DOI: 10.1002/1097-4644(20010315)80:4<461::aid-jcb1000>3.0.co;2-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The protective effect of melatonin, 6-hydroxymelatonin and N-acetylserotonin against alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT)-induced liver injury was investigated and compared in rats injected once with the hepatotoxicant (75 mg/kg body weight). In rats injected with ANIT alone, liver injury with cholestasis developed within 24 h, as indicated by both serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (SGPT) and aspartic acid aminotransferase (SGOT) activities and serum total bilirubin concentration. The administration of melatonin or 6-hydroxymelatonin (10 mg/kg body weight) to ANIT-injected rats reduced significantly the serum levels of both SGPT and SGOT and the serum total bilirubin concentration. For all hepatic biochemical markers, melatonin was more effective that 6-hydroxymelatonin. By comparison, the administration of N-acetylserotonin (10 mg/kg body weight) to ANIT-injected rats did not reduce the serum levels of either hepatic enzymes or the serum total bilirubin concentration. In ANIT-injected rats, hepatic lipid peroxidation (LPO) was significantly higher than in control animals and this increase was significantly reduced by either melatonin, 6-hydroxymelatonin or N-acetylserotonin. Furthermore, ANIT treatment caused a significant reduction in liver microsomal membrane fluidity and this reduction was completely reversed by the three indoles. The liver from ANIT-injected rats showed several histopathological alterations; above all there was an acute infiltration of polymorphonuclear neutrophils and an increase in the number of apparent apoptotic hepatocytes. The concurrent administration of melatonin reduced the severity of all morphological alterations, specially the neutrophil infiltration and the number of presumed apoptotic cells. On the contrary, the administration of 6-hydroxymelatonin or N-acetylserotonin did not provide any protective effect in terms of the histopathological alterations. These results indicate that melatonin protects against ANIT-induced liver injury with cholestasis in rats, and suggests that this protective effect is likely due to its antioxidant properties and above all to its capacity to inhibit liver neutrophil infiltration, a critical factor in the pathogenesis of ANIT-induced liver injury. 6-hydroxymelatonin, although able to provide partial protection against the ANIT-induced hepatic injury, probably through its antioxidant properties by mechanisms that are unclear, was unable to reduce neutrophil infiltration. Finally, N-acetylserotonin in the experimental conditions of this study, only exhibited some antioxidant protection but had no protective effect against ANIT-induced hepatic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Calvo
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
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Calvo JR, Reiter RJ, García JJ, Ortiz GG, Tan DX, Karbownik M. Characterization of the protective effects of melatonin and related indoles against alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate-induced liver injury in rats. J Cell Biochem 2001. [PMID: 11169730 DOI: 10.1002/1097-4644(20010315)80:4<461::aid-jcb1000>3.0.co;2-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The protective effect of melatonin, 6-hydroxymelatonin and N-acetylserotonin against alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT)-induced liver injury was investigated and compared in rats injected once with the hepatotoxicant (75 mg/kg body weight). In rats injected with ANIT alone, liver injury with cholestasis developed within 24 h, as indicated by both serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (SGPT) and aspartic acid aminotransferase (SGOT) activities and serum total bilirubin concentration. The administration of melatonin or 6-hydroxymelatonin (10 mg/kg body weight) to ANIT-injected rats reduced significantly the serum levels of both SGPT and SGOT and the serum total bilirubin concentration. For all hepatic biochemical markers, melatonin was more effective that 6-hydroxymelatonin. By comparison, the administration of N-acetylserotonin (10 mg/kg body weight) to ANIT-injected rats did not reduce the serum levels of either hepatic enzymes or the serum total bilirubin concentration. In ANIT-injected rats, hepatic lipid peroxidation (LPO) was significantly higher than in control animals and this increase was significantly reduced by either melatonin, 6-hydroxymelatonin or N-acetylserotonin. Furthermore, ANIT treatment caused a significant reduction in liver microsomal membrane fluidity and this reduction was completely reversed by the three indoles. The liver from ANIT-injected rats showed several histopathological alterations; above all there was an acute infiltration of polymorphonuclear neutrophils and an increase in the number of apparent apoptotic hepatocytes. The concurrent administration of melatonin reduced the severity of all morphological alterations, specially the neutrophil infiltration and the number of presumed apoptotic cells. On the contrary, the administration of 6-hydroxymelatonin or N-acetylserotonin did not provide any protective effect in terms of the histopathological alterations. These results indicate that melatonin protects against ANIT-induced liver injury with cholestasis in rats, and suggests that this protective effect is likely due to its antioxidant properties and above all to its capacity to inhibit liver neutrophil infiltration, a critical factor in the pathogenesis of ANIT-induced liver injury. 6-hydroxymelatonin, although able to provide partial protection against the ANIT-induced hepatic injury, probably through its antioxidant properties by mechanisms that are unclear, was unable to reduce neutrophil infiltration. Finally, N-acetylserotonin in the experimental conditions of this study, only exhibited some antioxidant protection but had no protective effect against ANIT-induced hepatic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Calvo
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
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Ortiz GG, Crespo-López ME, Morán-Moguel C, García JJ, Reiter RJ, Acuña-Castroviejo D. Protective role of melatonin against MPTP-induced mouse brain cell DNA fragmentation and apoptosis in vivo. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2001; 22:101-8. [PMID: 11335886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2001] [Accepted: 02/04/2001] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) is a neurotoxin that induces a Parkinsonian-type syndrome in animals which is similar to Parkinson's disease in humans. MPTP toxicity partially depends on the production of free radicals which in turn play a key role in the apoptotic death of neurons. In the present study melatonin, a potent free radical scavenger with antiapoptotic properties, was given to determine whether it would reduce oxidative stress in mice treated with MPTP. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male mice were given MPTP with or without melatonin and the brain was studied either 6h, 24h, 7 days or 15 days after the last MPTP injection. RESULTS The results show that melatonin counteracted in vivo MPTP-induced apoptosis in midbrain neurons at 6 and 24 h after MPTP treatment, and partially prevented apoptosis at 7 and 15 days after MPTP administration. MPTP treatment also produced time-dependent cell damage, whereas melatonin reduced the percentage of damaged cells at all time points, the effect being most evident at 15 days after treatment. Moreover, melatonin counteracted MPTP-dependent DNA fragmentation in the midbrain and striatum at 7 and 15 days after drug administration. CONCLUSION These results support a role for melatonin in protecting neurons against MPTP toxicity in vivo, and suggest that its antiapoptotic action is one of the mechanisms by which melatonin protects neuronal cells from neurotoxic insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- G G Ortiz
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo-Envejecimiento, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO)-Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara (Jalisco), México
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Ortiz GG, Feria-Velasco A, Falcón-Franco MA, Bitzer-Quintero OK, García JJ, Rosales SA, Ruiz-Rizo L, Reiter RJ. Different patterns in the histology and autofluorescence of the Harderian glands of the Syrian Hamster, rat, mouse, Mongolian gerbil and guinea pig. Anat Histol Embryol 2001; 30:107-15. [PMID: 11379365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the natural fluorescence in the Harderian glands of the Syrian hamster, rat, mouse, Mongolian gerbil and guinea pig (both sexes). For each species, 10 animals (five males and five females) were used. Histological autofluorescence studies were performed using a fluorescence microscope (450-490 nm filter). Two different types of fluorescent cells were observed in both hamster (type AFI high intensity and type AFII, low fluorescence) and rat (type AFI, low fluorescence and type AFII, high fluorescence) Harderian glands. The fluorescence was basally located in all mice cells, whereas it was observed near the epithelial cell nuclei in the Mongolian gerbil (occupying two-thirds and one-third of the cells in males and females, respectively). A high intensity of fluorescence was present throughout the acinar cells in the guinea pig. The patterns of fluorescence identified exhibited a sexual dimorphism in all species studied. These results demonstrate that the Harderian glands of the animal species examined exhibit a variety of histological autofluorescence patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- G G Ortiz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
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Ortiz GG, Feria-Velasco A, Falcon-Franco MA, Bitzer-Quintero OK, Garcia JJ, Rosales A, Ruiz-Rizo A, Reiter RJ. Different Patterns in the Histology and Autofluorescence of the Harderian Glands of the Syrian Hamster, Rat, Mouse, Mongolian Gerbil and Guinea Pig. Anat Histol Embryol 2001. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1439-0264.2001.00309.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Ortiz GG, Condé-Salazar L, Guimaraens D, de la Hoz C, Agustin MC. Occupational protein contact dermatitis from fruits. Contact Dermatitis 2000; 43:43. [PMID: 10902589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G G Ortiz
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina y Seguridad del Trabajo, Department of Dermatology, Madrid, Spain
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Martín M, Macías M, Escames G, Reiter RJ, Agapito MT, Ortiz GG, Acuña-Castroviejo D. Melatonin-induced increased activity of the respiratory chain complexes I and IV can prevent mitochondrial damage induced by ruthenium red in vivo. J Pineal Res 2000; 28:242-8. [PMID: 10831160 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-079x.2000.280407.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin displays antioxidant and free radical scavenger properties. Due to its ability with which it enters cells, these protective effects are manifested in all subcellular compartments. Recent studies suggest a role for melatonin in mitochondrial metabolism. To study the effects of melatonin on this organelle we used ruthenium red to induce mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress. The results show that melatonin (10 mg/kg i.p.) can increase the activity of the mitochondrial respiratory complexes I and IV after its administration in vivo in a time-dependent manner; these changes correlate well with the half-life of the indole in plasma. Melatonin administration also prevented the decrease in the activity of complexes I and IV due to ruthenium red (60 microg/kg i.p.) administration. At this dose, ruthenium red did not induce lipid peroxidation but it significantly reduced the activity of the antioxidative enzyme glutathione peroxidase, an effect also counteracted by melatonin. These results suggest that melatonin modulates mitochondrial respiratory activity, an effect that may account for some of the protective properties of the indoleamine. The mitochondria-modulating role of melatonin may be of physiological significance since it seems that the indoleamine is concentrated into normal mitochondria. The data also support a pharmacological use of melatonin in drug-induced mitochondrial damage in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Martín
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Spain
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48
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Ortiz GG, Reiter RJ, Zúñiga G, Melchiorri D, Sewerynek E, Pablos MI, Oh CS, García JJ, Bitzer-Quintero OK. Genotoxicity of paraquat: micronuclei induced in bone marrow and peripheral blood are inhibited by melatonin. Mutat Res 2000; 464:239-45. [PMID: 10648910 DOI: 10.1016/s1383-5718(99)00197-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The ability of melatonin to influence paraquat-induced genotoxicity was tested using micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes as an index of damage in both bone marrow and peripheral blood cells of mice. Melatonin (10 mg/kg) or an equal volume of saline were administered intraperitoneally (ip) to mice 30 min prior to an ip injection of paraquat (20 mg/kgx2), and thereafter at 6-h intervals until the conclusion of the study (72 h). The number of the micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes increased after paraquat administration both in peripheral blood and bone marrow cells. Melatonin administration to paraquat-treated mice significantly reduced micronuclei formation in both peripheral blood and bone marrow cells; these differences were apparent at 24, 48 and 72 h after paraquat administration. The induction of micronuclei was time-dependent with peak values occurring at 24 and 48 h. The reduction in paraquat-related genotoxicity by melatonin is likely due in part to the antioxidant activity of the indole. We did not observe effects of melatonin over paraquat in paraquat+melatonin groups incubated at 0, 60 and 120 min. Mitomycin C, which was used as a positive control, also caused the expected large rises in micronuclei in both bone marrow and peripheral blood cells at 24, 48 and 72 h after its administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- G G Ortiz
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, USA
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García JJ, Reiter RJ, Pié J, Ortiz GG, Cabrera J, Sáinz RM, Acuña-Castroviejo D. Role of pinoline and melatonin in stabilizing hepatic microsomal membranes against oxidative stress. J Bioenerg Biomembr 1999; 31:609-16. [PMID: 10682918 DOI: 10.1023/a:1005425213253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the influence of pinoline (0.01-1.5 mM) on microsomal membrane fluidity before and after rigidity was induced by oxidative stress. In addition, we tested the effect of pinoline in the presence of 1 mM melatonin. The fluidity in rat hepatic microsomes was monitored using fluorescence spectroscopy and it was compared to the inhibition of malonaldehyde (MDA) plus 4-hydroxyalkenals (4-HDA) production as a reflection of lipid peroxidation. Below 0.6 mM, pinoline inhibited membrane rigidity in a manner parallel to its inhibitory effect on MDA + 4-HDA formation. At concentrations between 1-1.5 mM, pinoline was less effective in stabilizing microsomal membranes than was predicted from its inhibition of lipid peroxidation. The addition of 1 mM melatonin enhanced the membrane-stabilizing activity of pinoline (0.01-0.6 mM). This cooperative effect was not observed for concentrations of pinoline between 1-1.5 mM. When pinoline was tested without induced oxidative damage, 1-1.5 mM pinoline maintained membrane fluidity at the same level as that recorded after induced lipid peroxidation. The results suggest that pinoline may be another pineal molecule that prevents membrane rigidity mediated by lipid peroxidation and this ability is enhanced by melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J García
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 78229-3900, USA
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Ortiz GG, Coto-Montes A, Bitzer-Quintero OK, Falcón-Franco MA, Ruiz-Rizo L, Bravo-Cuellar A, Reiter RJ, Feria-Velasco A. Effects of melatonin on the Harderian gland of lipopolysaccharide-treated rats: morphological observations. Biomed Pharmacother 1999; 53:432-7. [PMID: 10554679 DOI: 10.1016/s0753-3322(99)80123-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a free radical scavenger and antioxidant. This indol is reported to efficiently scavenge both hydroxyl and peroxyl radicals and it also reduces both in vitro and in vivo tissue damage due to oxidants which generate oxygen toxic radicals. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration induces oxidative damage in various tissues mainly due to its ability to increase reactive oxygen species. In the present work, we studied the morphological changes and lipid peroxidation in the Harderian gland after LPS administration and the effects of melatonin in preventing the induced changes. Hyperchromasia, vesicular degeneration, necrosis and infiltration with macrophages, monocytes and neutrophils were observed in the LPS-treated group (10 mg/kg, intraperitonally [i.p.]). Also, a typical structure of the glandular acini of the gland exhibited diffuse damage. In the LPS rats treated with melatonin (10 mg/kg, i.p.), a diminished number of infiltrative cells was seen, and cloudy swelling was reduced, as was nuclear hyperchromasia. Neither necrosis nor vesicular degeneration were noted in the melatonin-treated rats, and in general, glandular structure was preserved. Lipid peroxidation products increased significantly within six hours after LPS administration, and melatonin treatment decreased the LPS-dependent lipid peroxidation products. These data together suggest that melatonin protects the Harderian gland against LPS toxicity in terms of morphological damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- G G Ortiz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, CIBO-IMSS, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
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