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Mateo S, Guillot A, Henkous S, Gelis A, Daligault S, Rode G, Collet C, Di Rienzo F. Implicit and explicit motor imagery ability after SCI: Moving the elbow makes the difference. Brain Res 2024; 1836:148911. [PMID: 38604558 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) causes dramatic sensorimotor deficits that restrict both activity and participation. Restoring activity and participation requires extensive upper limb rehabilitation focusing elbow and wrist movements, which can include motor imagery. Yet, it remains unclear whether MI ability is impaired or spared after SCI. We investigated implicit and explicit MI ability in individuals with C6 or C7 SCI (SCIC6 and SCIC7 groups), as well as in age- and gender-matched controls without SCI. Inspired by previous studies, implicit MI evaluations involved hand laterality judgments, hand orientation judgments (HOJT) and hand-object interaction judgments. Explicit MI evaluations involved mental chronometry assessments of physically possible or impossible movements due to the paralysis of upper limb muscles in both groups of participants with SCI. HOJT was the paradigm in which implicit MI ability profiles differed the most between groups, particularly in the SCIC6 group who had impaired elbow movements in the horizontal plane. MI ability profiles were similar between groups for explicit MI evaluations, but reflected task familiarity with higher durations in the case of unfamiliar movements in controls or attempt to perform movements which were no longer possible in persons with SCI. Present results, obtained from a homogeneous population of individuals with SCI, suggest that people with long-term SCI rely on embodied cognitive motor strategies, similar to controls. Differences found in behavioral response pattern during implicit MI mirrored the actual motor deficit, particularly during tasks that involved internal representations of affected body parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Mateo
- Universite Lyon, UCBL-Lyon 1, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Trajectoires Team, Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Bâtiment 452, 95 Boulevard Pinel, F-69675 Bron, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Trajectoires Team, Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Bâtiment 452, 95 Boulevard Pinel, F-69675 Bron, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France
| | - Aymeric Guillot
- Universite Lyon, UCBL-Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, UR 7424, 27-29 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France
| | - Sonia Henkous
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Henry Gabrielle, Plate-forme Mouvement et Handicap, 20 route de Vourles, F-69230, Saint Genis Laval, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France; Universite Lyon, UCBL-Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, UR 7424, 27-29 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France
| | - Anthony Gelis
- Centre Mutualiste Neurologique Propara, 263 rue du Caducée, F-34090, Montpellier, Occitanie, France
| | - Sébastien Daligault
- CERMEP, Imagerie du Vivant, 95 Boulevard Pinel, F-69677 Bron, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France
| | - Gilles Rode
- Universite Lyon, UCBL-Lyon 1, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Trajectoires Team, Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Bâtiment 452, 95 Boulevard Pinel, F-69675 Bron, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Trajectoires Team, Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Bâtiment 452, 95 Boulevard Pinel, F-69675 Bron, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France
| | - Christian Collet
- Universite Lyon, UCBL-Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, UR 7424, 27-29 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France
| | - Franck Di Rienzo
- Universite Lyon, UCBL-Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, UR 7424, 27-29 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France.
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2
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Brusa F, Erden MS, Sedda A. More implicit and more explicit motor imagery tasks for exploring the mental representation of hands and feet in action. Exp Brain Res 2023; 241:2765-2778. [PMID: 37855915 PMCID: PMC10635989 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-023-06718-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The mental representation of the body in action can be explored using motor imagery (MI) tasks. MI tasks can be allocated along a continuum going from more implicit to more explicit tasks, where the discriminant is the degree of action monitoring required to solve the tasks (which is the awareness of using the mental representation of our own body to monitor our motor imagery). Tasks based on laterality judgments, such as the Hand Laterality Task (HLT) and the Foot Laterality Task (FLT), provide an example of more implicit tasks (i.e., less action monitoring is required). While, an example of a more explicit task is the Mental Motor Chronometry task (MMC) for hands and feet, where individuals are asked to perform or imagine performing movements with their limbs (i.e., more action monitoring is required). In our study, we directly compared hands and feet at all these tasks for the first time, as these body districts have different physical features as well as functions. Fifty-five participants were asked to complete an online version of the HLT and FLT (more implicit measure), and an online version of the MMC task for hands and feet (more explicit measure). The mental representation of hands and feet in action differed only when the degree of action monitoring decreased (HLT ≠ FLT); we observed the presence of biomechanical constraints only for hands. Differently, when the degree of action monitoring increased hands and feet did not show any difference (MMC hands = MMC feet). Our results show the presence of a difference in the mental representation of hands and feet in action that specifically depends on the degree of action monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Brusa
- Psychology Department, School of Social Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK.
- Centre for Applied Behavioural Sciences, School of Social Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Mustafa Suphi Erden
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
- Edinburgh Centre for Robotics, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Anna Sedda
- Psychology Department, School of Social Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Applied Behavioural Sciences, School of Social Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
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3
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Capozio A, Ichiyama R, Astill SL. The acute effects of motor imagery and cervical transcutaneous electrical stimulation on manual dexterity and neural excitability. Neuropsychologia 2023; 187:108613. [PMID: 37285931 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TCES) of the spinal cord induces changes in spinal excitability. Motor imagery (MI) elicits plasticity in the motor cortex. It has been suggested that plasticity occurring in both cortical and spinal circuits might underlie the improvements in performance observed when training is combined with stimulation. We investigated the acute effects of cervical TCES and MI delivered in isolation or combined on corticospinal excitability, spinal excitability and manual performance. Participants (N = 17) completed three sessions during which they engaged in 20 min of: 1) MI, listening to an audio recording instructing to complete the purdue pegboard test (PPT) of manual performance; 2) TCES at the spinal level of C5-C6; 3) MI + TCES, listening to the MI script while receiving TCES. Before and after each condition, we measured corticospinal excitability via transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) at 100% and 120% motor threshold (MT), spinal excitability via single-pulse TCES and manual performance with the PPT. Manual performance was not improved by MI, TCES or MI + TCES. Corticospinal excitability assessed at 100% MT intensity increased in hand and forearm muscles after MI and MI + TCES, but not after just TCES. Conversely, corticospinal excitability assessed at 120% MT intensity was not affected by any of the conditions. The effects on spinal excitability depended on the recorded muscle: it increased after all conditions in biceps brachii (BB) and flexor carpi radialis (FCR); did not change after any conditions in the abductor pollicis brevis (APB); increased after TCES and MI + TCES, but not after just MI in the extensor carpi radialis (ECR). These findings suggest that MI and TCES increase the excitability of the central nervous system through different but complementary mechanisms, inducing changes in the excitability of spinal and cortical circuits. MI and TCES can be used in combination to modulate spinal/cortical excitability, an approach particularly relevant for people with limited residual dexterity who cannot engage in motor practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Capozio
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, United Kingdom.
| | - Ronaldo Ichiyama
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah L Astill
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
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4
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Event-related potentials during mental rotation of body-related stimuli in spinal cord injury population. Neuropsychologia 2023; 179:108447. [PMID: 36521630 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mental rotations of body-related stimuli are known to engage the motor system and activate body schema. Sensorimotor deficits following spinal cord injury (SCI) alter the representation of the body with a negative impact on the performance during motor-related tasks, such as mental rotation of body parts. Here we investigated the relationship between event-related potentials in SCI participants and the difficulty in mentally rotating a body-part. Participants with SCI and healthy control subjects performed a laterality judgment task, in which left or right images of hands, feet or animals (as a control stimulus) were presented in two different orientation angles (75° and 150°), and participants reported the laterality of the stimulus. We found that reaction times of participants with SCI were slower for the rotation of body-related stimuli compared to non-body-related stimuli and healthy controls. At the brain level, we found that relative to healthy controls SCI participants show: 1) reduced amplitudes of the posterior P100 and anterior N100 and larger amplitudes of the anterior P200 for overall stimuli; 2) an absence of the modulation of the rotation related negativity by stimulus type and rotation angles. Our results show that body representation changes after SCI affecting both components of early stimulus processing and late components that process high-order cognitive aspects of body-representation and task complexity.
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Li Y, Zhang X, Ming D. Early-stage fusion of EEG and fNIRS improves classification of motor imagery. Front Neurosci 2023; 16:1062889. [PMID: 36699533 PMCID: PMC9869134 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1062889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Many research papers have reported successful implementation of hybrid brain-computer interfaces by complementarily combining EEG and fNIRS, to improve classification performance. However, modality or feature fusion of EEG and fNIRS was usually designed for specific user cases, which were generally customized and hard to be generalized. How to effectively utilize information from the two modalities was still unclear. Methods In this paper, we conducted a study to investigate the stage of bi-modal fusion based on EEG and fNIRS. A Y-shaped neural network was proposed and evaluated on an open dataset, which fuses the bimodal information in different stages. Results The results suggests that the early-stage fusion of EEG and fNIRS have significantly higher performance compared to middle-stage and late-stage fusion network configuration (N = 57, P < 0.05). With the proposed framework, the average accuracy of 29 participants reaches 76.21% in the left-or-right hand motor imagery task in leave-one-out cross-validation, using bi-modal data as network inputs respectively, which is in the same level as the state-of-the-art hybrid BCI methods based on EEG and fNIRS data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- The Laboratory of Neural Engineering and Rehabilitation, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- The Tianjin International Joint Research Center for Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dong Ming
- The Laboratory of Neural Engineering and Rehabilitation, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- The Tianjin International Joint Research Center for Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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6
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Wang L, Li X, Zheng W, Chen X, Chen Q, Hu Y, Cao L, Ren J, Qin W, Lu J, Chen N. Motor imagery evokes strengthened activation in sensorimotor areas and its effective connectivity related to cognitive regions in patients with complete spinal cord injury. Brain Imaging Behav 2022; 16:2049-2060. [PMID: 35994188 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-022-00675-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the alterations of brain activation and effective connectivity during motor imagery (MI) in complete spinal cord injury (CSCI) patients and to reveal a potential mechanism of MI in motor rehabilitation of CSCI patients. Fifteen CSCI patients and twenty healthy controls underwent the MI task-related fMRI scan, and the motor execution (ME) task only for healthy controls. The brain activation patterns of the two groups during MI, and CSCI patients during the MI task and healthy controls during the ME task were compared. Then the significantly changed brain activation areas in CSCI patients during the MI task were used as regions of interest for effective connectivity analysis, using a voxel-wise granger causality analysis (GCA) method. Compared with healthy controls, increased activations in left primary sensorimotor cortex and bilateral cerebellar lobules IV-VI were detected in CSCI patients during the MI task, and the activation level of these areas even equaled that of healthy controls during the ME task. Furthermore, GCA revealed decreased effective connectivity from sensorimotor related areas (primary sensorimotor cortex and cerebellar lobules IV-VI) to cognitive related areas (prefrontal cortex, precuneus, middle temporal gyrus, and inferior temporal gyrus) in CSCI patients. Our findings demonstrated that motor related brain areas can be functionally preserved and activated through MI after CSCI, it maybe the potential mechanism of MI in the motor rehabilitation of CSCI patients. In addition, Sensorimotor related brain regions have less influence on the cognitive related regions in CSCI patients during MI (The trial registration number: ChiCTR2000032793).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain Informatics, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Xuejing Li
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.,Department of Radiology, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, 100068, China
| | - Weimin Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain Informatics, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain Informatics, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yongsheng Hu
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Jian Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Wen Qin
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain Informatics, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Nan Chen
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain Informatics, Beijing, 100053, China.
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7
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Bonnet C, Bayram M, El Bouzaïdi Tiali S, Lebon F, Harquel S, Palluel-Germain R, Perrone-Bertolotti M. Kinesthetic motor-imagery training improves performance on lexical-semantic access. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270352. [PMID: 35749512 PMCID: PMC9232155 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of Motor Imagery (MI) training on language comprehension. In line with literature suggesting an intimate relationship between the language and the motor system, we proposed that a MI-training could improve language comprehension by facilitating lexico-semantic access. In two experiments, participants were assigned to a kinesthetic motor-imagery training (KMI) group, in which they had to imagine making upper-limb movements, or to a static visual imagery training (SVI) group, in which they had to mentally visualize pictures of landscapes. Differential impacts of both training protocols on two different language comprehension tasks (i.e., semantic categorization and sentence-picture matching task) were investigated. Experiment 1 showed that KMI training can induce better performance (shorter reaction times) than SVI training for the two language comprehension tasks, thus suggesting that a KMI-based motor activation can facilitate lexico-semantic access after only one training session. Experiment 2 aimed at replicating these results using a pre/post-training language assessment and a longer training period (four training sessions spread over four days). Although the improvement magnitude between pre- and post-training sessions was greater in the KMI group than in the SVI one on the semantic categorization task, the sentence-picture matching task tended to provide an opposite pattern of results. Overall, this series of experiments highlights for the first time that motor imagery can contribute to the improvement of lexical-semantic processing and could open new avenues on rehabilitation methods for language deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Bonnet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LPNC, Grenoble, France
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Mariam Bayram
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LPNC, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Florent Lebon
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences du Sport, Dijon, France
| | - Sylvain Harquel
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LPNC, Grenoble, France
- Defitech Chair of Clinical Neuroengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics (CNP) and Brain Mind Institute (BMI), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Marcela Perrone-Bertolotti
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LPNC, Grenoble, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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8
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Guo Y, Ge Y, Li J, Dou W, Pan Y. Impact of injury duration on a sensorimotor functional network in complete spinal cord injury. J Neurosci Res 2022; 100:1765-1774. [PMID: 35608180 PMCID: PMC9541761 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Connectivity changes after spinal cord injury (SCI) appear as dynamic post‐injury procedures. The present study aimed to investigate the alterations in the functional connectivity (FC) in different injury duration in complete SCI using resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). A total of 30 healthy controls (HCs) and 27 complete SCI patients were recruited in this study. A seed‐based connectivity analysis compared FC differences between HCs and SCI and among SCI subgroups (SCI patients with post‐injury within 6 months (early stage, n = 13) vs. those with post‐injury beyond 6 months (late stage, n = 14)). Compared to HCs, SCI patients showed an increase in FC between sensorimotor cortex and cognitive, visual, and auditory cortices. The FC between motor cortex and cognitive cortex increased over time after injury. The FC between sensory cortex and visual cortex increased within 6 months after SCI, while FC between the sensory cortex and auditory cortex increased beyond 6 months after injury. The FC between sensorimotor cortex and cognitive, visual, auditory regions increased in complete SCI patients. The brain FC changed dynamically, and rehabilitation might be adapted over time after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Guo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing, China.,School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunxiang Ge
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianjun Li
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Weibei Dou
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Pan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing, China.,School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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9
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Suica Z, Behrendt F, Gäumann S, Gerth U, Schmidt-Trucksäss A, Ettlin T, Schuster-Amft C. Imagery ability assessments: a cross-disciplinary systematic review and quality evaluation of psychometric properties. BMC Med 2022; 20:166. [PMID: 35491422 PMCID: PMC9059408 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02295-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the last two centuries, researchers developed several assessments to evaluate the multidimensional construct of imagery. However, no comprehensive systematic review (SR) exists for imagery ability evaluation methods and an in-depth quality evaluation of their psychometric properties. METHODS We performed a comprehensive systematic search in six databases in the disciplines of sport, psychology, medicine, education: SPORTDiscus, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, and ERIC. Two reviewers independently identified and screened articles for selection. COSMIN checklist was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the studies. All included assessments were evaluated for quality using criteria for good measurement properties. The evidence synthesis was summarised by using the GRADE approach. RESULTS In total, 121 articles reporting 155 studies and describing 65 assessments were included. We categorised assessments based on their construct on: (1) motor imagery (n = 15), (2) mental imagery (n = 48) and (3) mental chronometry (n = 2). Methodological quality of studies was mainly doubtful or inadequate. The psychometric properties of most assessments were insufficient or indeterminate. The best rated assessments with sufficient psychometric properties were MIQ, MIQ-R, MIQ-3, and VMIQ-2 for evaluation of motor imagery ability. Regarding mental imagery evaluation, only SIAQ and VVIQ showed sufficient psychometric properties. CONCLUSION Various assessments exist to evaluate an individual's imagery ability within different dimensions or modalities of imagery in different disciplines. However, the psychometric properties of most assessments are insufficient or indeterminate. Several assessments should be revised and further validated. Moreover, most studies were only evaluated with students. Further cross-disciplinary validation studies are needed including older populations with a larger age range. Our findings allow clinicians, coaches, teachers, and researchers to select a suitable imagery ability assessment for their setting and goals based on information about the focus and quality of the assessments. SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS REGISTER PROSPERO CRD42017077004 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Zorica Suica
- Research Department, Reha Rheinfelden, Salinenstrasse 98, CH-4310, Rheinfelden, Switzerland
| | - Frank Behrendt
- Research Department, Reha Rheinfelden, Salinenstrasse 98, CH-4310, Rheinfelden, Switzerland
- Institute for Rehabilitation and Performance Technology, Bern University of Applied Sciences, 3401, Burgdorf, Switzerland
| | - Szabina Gäumann
- Research Department, Reha Rheinfelden, Salinenstrasse 98, CH-4310, Rheinfelden, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Gerth
- Research Department, Reha Rheinfelden, Salinenstrasse 98, CH-4310, Rheinfelden, Switzerland
| | - Arno Schmidt-Trucksäss
- Department for Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, 4052, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Ettlin
- Research Department, Reha Rheinfelden, Salinenstrasse 98, CH-4310, Rheinfelden, Switzerland
| | - Corina Schuster-Amft
- Research Department, Reha Rheinfelden, Salinenstrasse 98, CH-4310, Rheinfelden, Switzerland.
- Institute for Rehabilitation and Performance Technology, Bern University of Applied Sciences, 3401, Burgdorf, Switzerland.
- Department for Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, 4052, Basel, Switzerland.
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10
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Motor Imagery: How to Assess, Improve Its Performance, and Apply It for Psychosis Diagnostics. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12040949. [PMID: 35453997 PMCID: PMC9025310 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12040949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
With this review, we summarize the state-of-the-art of scientific studies in the field of motor imagery (MI) and motor execution (ME). We composed the brain map and description that correlate different brain areas with the type of movements it is responsible for. That gives a more complete and systematic picture of human brain functionality in the case of ME and MI. We systematized the most popular methods for assessing the quality of MI performance and discussed their advantages and disadvantages. We also reviewed the main directions for the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in MI research and considered the principal effects of TMS on MI performance. In addition, we discuss the main applications of MI, emphasizing its use in the diagnostics of various neurodegenerative disorders and psychoses. Finally, we discuss the research gap and possible improvements for further research in the field.
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11
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Parietal Gamma Band Oscillation Induced by Self-Hand Recognition. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12020272. [PMID: 35204035 PMCID: PMC8869977 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12020272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Physiological studies have shown that self-body images receive unique recognition processing in a wide range of brain areas, from the frontal lobe to the parietal-occipital cortex. Event-related potential (ERP) studies have shown that the self-referential effect on the image of a hand increases P300 components, but such studies do not evaluate brain oscillatory activity. In this study, we aimed to discover the self-specific brain electrophysiological activity in relation to hand images. ERPs on the fronto-parietal midline were elicited by a three-stimulus visual oddball task using hand images: the self-hand, another hand (most similar to the self-hand), and another hand (similar to the self-hand). We analyzed ERP waveform and brain oscillatory activity by simple averaging and time-frequency analysis. The simple averaging analysis found no significant differences between the responses for the three stimulus tasks in all time windows. However, time-frequency analysis showed that self-hand stimuli elicited high gamma ERS in 650–900 ms at the Cz electrode compared to other hand stimuli. Our results show that brain activity specific to the self-referential process to the self-hand image was reflected in the long latency gamma band activity in the mid-central region. This high gamma-band activity at the Cz electrode may be similar to the activity of the mirror neuron system, which is involved in hand motion.
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12
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Heena N, Zia NU, Sehgal S, Anwer S, Alghadir A, Li H. Effects of task complexity or rate of motor imagery on motor learning in healthy young adults. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e02122. [PMID: 34612612 PMCID: PMC8613406 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing body of evidence suggests the benefit of motor imagery in motor learning. While some studies tried to look at the effect of isolated mental practice, others evaluated the combined effect of motor imagery and physical practice in clinical rehabilitation. This study aimed to investigate the effects of task complexity or rates of motor imagery on motor learning in health young adults. METHODS Eighty-eight healthy individuals participated in this study. Participants were randomly allocated to either Group A (50% complex, N = 22), Group B (75% complex, N = 22), Group C (50% simple, N = 22), or Group D (75% simple, N = 22). Participants in the complex groups performed their task with nondominant hand and those in simple groups with a dominant hand. All participants performed a task that involved reach, grasp, and release tasks. The performance of the four groups was examined in the acquisition and retention phase. The main outcome measure was the movement time. RESULTS There were significant differences between immediate (i.e., acquisition) and late (i.e., retention) movement times at all three stages of task (i.e., MT1 [reaching time], MT2 [target transport time], and TMT [reaching time plus object transport time]) when individuals performed complex task with 75% imagery rate (p < .05). Similarly, there were significant differences between immediate and late movement times at all stages of task except the MT2 when individuals performed simple task with 75% imagery rate (p < .05). There were significant effects of task complexity (simple vs. complex tasks) on immediate movement time at the first stage of task (i.e., MT1 ) and late movement times of all three stages of task (p < .05). There were significant effects of the rate of imagery (50% vs. 75%) on late movement times at all three stages of tasks (p > .05). Additionally, there were no interaction effects of either task complexity or rate of imagery on both immediate and late movement times at all three stages of tasks (p > .05). CONCLUSION This study supports the use of higher rates (75%) of motor imagery to improve motor learning. Additionally, the practice of a complex task demonstrated better motor learning in healthy young adults. Future longitudinal studies should validate these results in different patient's population such as stroke, spinal cord injury, and Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nargis Heena
- Max Smart Super Specialty HospitalNew DelhiIndia
| | - Nayeem U. Zia
- Directorate of Health Services KashmirJammu and KashmirIndia
| | - Stuti Sehgal
- Institution of Rehabilitation Sciences, ISIC Vasant KunjNew DelhiIndia
| | - Shahnawaz Anwer
- Rehabilitation Research ChairCollege of Applied Medical SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
- Department of Building and Real EstateHong Kong Polytechnic UniversityKowloonHong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Ahmad Alghadir
- Rehabilitation Research ChairCollege of Applied Medical SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Heng Li
- Department of Building and Real EstateHong Kong Polytechnic UniversityKowloonHong Kong Special Administrative Region
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Moro V, Corbella M, Ionta S, Ferrari F, Scandola M. Cognitive Training Improves Disconnected Limbs' Mental Representation and Peripersonal Space after Spinal Cord Injury. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18189589. [PMID: 34574514 PMCID: PMC8470420 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Paraplegia following spinal cord injury (SCI) affects the mental representation and peripersonal space of the paralysed body parts (i.e., lower limbs). Physical rehabilitation programs can improve these aspects, but the benefits are mostly partial and short-lasting. These limits could be due to the absence of trainings focused on SCI-induced cognitive deficits combined with traditional physical rehabilitation. To test this hypothesis, we assessed in 15 SCI-individuals the effects of adding cognitive recovery protocols (motor imagery–MI) to standard physical rehabilitation programs (Motor + MI training) on mental body representations and space representations, with respect to physical rehabilitation alone (control training). Each training comprised at least eight sessions administered over two weeks. The status of participants’ mental body representation and peripersonal space was assessed at three time points: before the training (T0), after the training (T1), and in a follow-up assessment one month later (T2). The Motor + MI training induced short-term recovery of peripersonal space that however did not persist at T2. Body representation showed a slower neuroplastic recovery at T2, without differences between Motor and the Motor + MI. These results show that body and space representations are plastic after lesions, and open new rehabilitation perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Moro
- NPSY-Lab.VR, Human Sciences Department, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy;
- Correspondence: (V.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Michela Corbella
- NPSY-Lab.VR, Human Sciences Department, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy;
- Department of Rehabilitation, IRCCS Sacro Cuore “Don Calabria” Hospital, Negrar, 37024 Verona, Italy;
| | - Silvio Ionta
- Sensory-Motor Lab (SeMoLa), Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules Gonin Eye Hospital-Fondation Asile des Aveugles, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Federico Ferrari
- Department of Rehabilitation, IRCCS Sacro Cuore “Don Calabria” Hospital, Negrar, 37024 Verona, Italy;
| | - Michele Scandola
- NPSY-Lab.VR, Human Sciences Department, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy;
- Correspondence: (V.M.); (M.S.)
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Effect of Motor Imagery Training on Motor Learning in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18189467. [PMID: 34574389 PMCID: PMC8465066 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: There is an urgent need to systematically analyze the growing body of literature on the effect of motor imagery (MI) training in children and adolescents. Methods: Seven databases and clinicaltrials.gov were searched. Two reviewers independently screened references and full texts, and extracted data (studies’ methodology, MI elements, temporal parameters). Two studies were meta-analyzed providing the standard mean difference (SDM). Selected studies were evaluated with the risk of bias (RoB) and GRADE tools. Results: A total of 7238 references were retrieved. The sample size of the 22 included studies, published between 1995 and 2021, ranged from 18 to 136 participants, totaling 934 (nine to 18 years). Studies included healthy pupils, mentally retarded adolescents, children with motor coordination difficulties or with mild mental disabilities. The motor learning tasks focused on upper, lower and whole body movements. SMDs for the primary outcome of pooled studies varied between 0.83 to 1.87 (95% CI, I2, T2 varied 0.33–3.10; p = 0.001; 0–74%; 0–0.59). RoB varied between some concerns and high risk. GRADE rating was low. Conclusions: MI combined with physical practice (PP) might have a high potential for healthy and impaired children and adolescents. However, important reporting recommendations (PETTLEP, TIDieR, CONSORT) should be followed. The systematic review was registered with PROSPERO: CRD42021237361.
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15
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Sharini H, Zolghadriha S, Riyahi Alam N, Jalalvandi M, Khabiri H, Arabalibeik H, Nadimi M. Assessment of Motor Cortex in Active, Passive and Imagery Wrist Movement Using Functional MRI. J Biomed Phys Eng 2021; 11:515-526. [PMID: 34458199 PMCID: PMC8385213 DOI: 10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.1034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background: Functional Magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) measures the small fluctuation of blood flow happening during task-fMRI in brain regions. Objective: This research investigated these active, imagery and passive movements in volunteers design to permit a comparison of their capabilities in activating the brain areas. Material and Methods: In this applied research, the activity of the motor cortex during the right-wrist movement was evaluated in 10 normal volunteers under active, passive, and imagery conditions.
T2* weighted, three-dimensional functional images were acquired using a BOLD sensitive gradient-echo EPI (echo planar imaging) sequence with echo time (TE)
of 30 ms and repetition time (TR) of 2000 ms. The functional data, which included 248 volumes per subject and condition, were acquired using the blocked design paradigm.
The images were analyzed by the SPM12 toolbox, MATLAB software. Results: The findings determined a significant increase in signal intensity of the motor cortex while performing the test compared to the rest time (p< 0.05).
It was also observed that the active areas in hand representation of the motor cortex are different in terms of locations and the number of voxels in different wrist directions.
Moreover, the findings showed that the position of active centers in the brain is different in active, passive, and imagery conditions. Conclusion: Results confirm that primary motor cortex neurons play an essential role in the processing of complex information and are designed to control the direction of movement.
It seems that the findings of this study can be applied for rehabilitation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Sharini
- PhD, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Shokufeh Zolghadriha
- MSc, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nader Riyahi Alam
- PhD, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- PhD, PERFORM Center, Preventive Medicine and Personal Health Care Center, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- PhD, Medical Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (MPRC), the institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maziar Jalalvandi
- MSc, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Khabiri
- PhD, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Arabalibeik
- PhD, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- PhD, Research Center for Science and Technology in Medicine (RCSTM), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohadeseh Nadimi
- MSc, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
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16
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Mihelj E, Bächinger M, Kikkert S, Ruddy K, Wenderoth N. Mental individuation of imagined finger movements can be achieved using TMS-based neurofeedback. Neuroimage 2021; 242:118463. [PMID: 34384910 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurofeedback (NF) in combination with motor imagery (MI) can be used for training individuals to volitionally modulate sensorimotor activity without producing overt movements. However, until now, NF methods were of limited utility for mentally training specific hand and finger actions. Here we employed a novel transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) based protocol to probe and detect MI-induced motor activity patterns in the primary motor cortex (M1) with the aim to reinforce selective facilitation of single finger representations. We showed that TMS-NF training but not MI training with uninformative feedback enabled participants to selectively upregulate corticomotor excitability of one finger, while simultaneously downregulating excitability of other finger representations within the same hand. Successful finger individuation during MI was accompanied by strong desynchronization of sensorimotor brain rhythms, particularly in the beta band, as measured by electroencephalography. Additionally, informative TMS-NF promoted more dissociable EEG activation patterns underlying single finger MI, when compared to MI of the control group where no such feedback was provided. Our findings suggest that selective TMS-NF is a new approach for acquiring the ability of finger individuation even if no overt movements are performed. This might offer new treatment modality for rehabilitation after stroke or spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Mihelj
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Neural Control of Movement Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Auguste-Piccard-Hof 1 Building HPT, Floor EETH, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marc Bächinger
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Neural Control of Movement Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Auguste-Piccard-Hof 1 Building HPT, Floor EETH, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sanne Kikkert
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Neural Control of Movement Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Auguste-Piccard-Hof 1 Building HPT, Floor EETH, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kathy Ruddy
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience and School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nicole Wenderoth
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Neural Control of Movement Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Auguste-Piccard-Hof 1 Building HPT, Floor EETH, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich (ZNZ), University of Zurich, Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland; Future Health Technologies, Singapore-ETH Center, Campus for Research Excellence And Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore.
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17
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Sosnowska A, Gollee H, Vučković A. MRCP as a biomarker of motor action with varying degree of central and peripheral contribution as defined by ultrasound imaging. J Neurophysiol 2021; 126:249-263. [PMID: 33978487 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00028.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor imagination is an alternative rehabilitation strategy for people who cannot execute real movements. However, it is still a matter of debate to which degree it involves activation of deeper muscle structures, which cannot be detected by surface electromyography (SEMG). Sixteen able-bodied participants performed cue based isometric ankle plantar flexion (active movement) followed by active relaxation under four conditions: executed movements with two levels of muscle contraction (fully executed and attempted movements, EM and AM) and motor imagination with and without detectable muscle twitches (IT and I). The most prominent peaks and distinctive phases of movement-related cortical potential (MRCP) were compared between conditions. Ultrasound imaging (USI) and SEMG were used to detect movements. IT showed spatially distinctive significant differences compared to both I and AM during active movement preparation and reafferentation phase; further widespread differences were found between IT and AM during active movement execution and posteriorly during preparation for active relaxation. EM and AM showed the largest differences frontally during active movement planning and posteriorly during execution of active relaxation. Movement preparation positivity P1 showed a significant difference in amplitude between IT and AM but not between IT and I. USI can detect subliminal movements (twitches) better than SEMG. MRCP is a biomarker sensitive to different levels of muscle contraction and relaxation. IT is a motor condition distinguishable from both I and AM. EEG biomarkers of movements could be used to identify pathological conditions, that manifest themselves during either active contraction or active relaxation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Ultrasound imaging can detect subtle muscle movements (twitches) that are not detectable with electromyography. Almost a quarter of trials of imagined movements in able-bodied people are accompanied by twitches. Analysis of movement-related cortical potential showed that motor imagination with twitches is a condition distinguishable from motor imagination without twitches and from motor attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sosnowska
- Biomedical Engineering Research Division, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - H Gollee
- Biomedical Engineering Research Division, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - A Vučković
- Biomedical Engineering Research Division, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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18
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Spatial constraints and cognitive fatigue affect motor imagery of walking in people with multiple sclerosis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21938. [PMID: 33318605 PMCID: PMC7736576 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79095-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor imagery (MI) is the mental simulation of an action without any overt motor execution. Interestingly, a temporal coupling between durations of real and imagined movements, i.e., the so-called isochrony principle, has been demonstrated in healthy adults. On the contrary, anisochrony has frequently been reported in elderly subjects or those with neurological disease such as Parkinson disease or multiple sclerosis (MS). Here, we tested whether people with MS (PwMS) may have impaired MI when they imagined themselves walking on paths with different widths. When required to mentally simulate a walking movement along a constrained pathway, PwMS tended to overestimate mental movement duration with respect to actual movement duration. Interestingly, in line with previous evidence, cognitive fatigue was found to play a role in the MI of PwMS. These results suggest that investigating the relationship between cognitive fatigue and MI performances could be key to shedding new light on the motor representation of PwMS and providing critical insights into effective and tailored rehabilitative treatments.
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19
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Gao F, Guo Y, Chu H, Yu W, Chen Z, Chen L, Li J, Yang D, Yang M, Du L, Li J, Chan CCH. Lower-Limb Sensorimotor Deprivation-Related Brain Activation in Patients With Chronic Complete Spinal Cord Injury. Front Neurol 2020; 11:555733. [PMID: 33123075 PMCID: PMC7573128 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.555733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate functional brain reorganization brought about by the loss of physical movement and sensory feedback in lower limbs in chronic spinal cord injury (SCI). Eleven paraplegia patients with SCI and 13 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. The experimental task used was a visuomotor imagery task requiring subjects to engage in visualization of repetitive tapping movements of the upper or lower limbs. Blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) responses were captured during the experimental task, along with the accuracy rate and the response time. The SCI patients performed worse in the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) and the Trail Making Test. SCI patients had a larger BOLD signal in the left lingual gyrus and right external globus pallidus (GPe) when imagining lower-limb movements. For the upper-limb task, SCI patients showed stronger BOLD responses than the HCs in extensive areas over the brain, including the bilateral precentral gyrus (preCG), bilateral inferior parietal gyrus, right GPe, right thalamus, left postcentral gyrus, and right superior temporal gyrus. In contrast, the HCs displayed stronger BOLD responses in the medial frontal gyrus and anterior cingulate gyrus for both upper- and lower-limb tasks than the SCI patients. In the SCI group, for the upper-limb condition, the amplitudes of BOLD responses in the left preCG were negatively correlated with the time since injury (r = -0.72, p = 0.012). For the lower-limb condition, the amplitudes of BOLD responses in the left lingual gyrus were negatively correlated with the scores on the Short Delay task of the RAVLT (r = -0.73, p = 0.011). Our study provided imaging evidence for abnormal changes in brain function and worsened cognitive test performance in SCI patients. These findings suggested possible compensatory strategies adopted by the SCI patients for the loss of sensorimotor function from the lower limbs when performing a limb imagery task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China.,SCI Unit, China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Beijing, China.,Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Guo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyu Chu
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Weiyong Yu
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Radiology, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenbo Chen
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Radiology, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Chen
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China.,SCI Unit, China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Beijing, China.,Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China.,SCI Unit, China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Beijing, China.,Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Degang Yang
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China.,SCI Unit, China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Beijing, China.,Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Mingliang Yang
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China.,SCI Unit, China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Beijing, China.,Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Liangjie Du
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China.,SCI Unit, China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Beijing, China.,Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Jianjun Li
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China.,SCI Unit, China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Beijing, China.,Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Chetwyn C H Chan
- Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
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20
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Bunno Y. Motor Imagery for Neurorehabilitation: The F-Wave Study. Somatosens Mot Res 2020. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.91834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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21
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Melo MC, Macedo DR, Soares AB. Divergent Findings in Brain Reorganization After Spinal Cord Injury: A Review. J Neuroimaging 2020; 30:410-427. [PMID: 32418286 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to a general lack of sensory and motor functions below the level of injury and may promote deafferentation-induced brain reorganization. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been established as an essential tool in neuroscience research and can precisely map the spatiotemporal distribution of brain activity. Task-based fMRI experiments associated with the tongue, upper limbs, or lower limbs have been used as the primary paradigms to study brain reorganization following SCI. A review of the current literature on the subject shows one common trait: while most articles agree that brain networks are usually preserved after SCI, and that is not the case as some articles describe possible alterations in brain activation after the lesion. There is no consensus if those alterations indeed occur. In articles that show alterations, there is no agreement if they are transient or permanent. Besides, there is no consensus on which areas are most prone to activation changes, or on the intensity and direction (increase vs. decrease) of those possible changes. In this article, we present a critical review of the literature and trace possible reasons for those contradictory findings on brain reorganization following SCI. fMRI studies based on the ankle dorsiflexion, upper-limb, and tongue paradigms are used as case studies for the analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Cardoso Melo
- Biomedical Engineering Lab, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Dhainner Rocha Macedo
- Biomedical Engineering Lab, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alcimar Barbosa Soares
- Biomedical Engineering Lab, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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22
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Foldes ST, Boninger ML, Weber DJ, Collinger JL. Effects of MEG-based neurofeedback for hand rehabilitation after tetraplegia: preliminary findings in cortical modulations and grip strength. J Neural Eng 2020; 17:026019. [PMID: 32135525 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ab7cfb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neurofeedback (NF) trains people to volitionally modulate their cortical activity to affect a behavioral outcome. We evaluated the feasibility of using NF to improve hand function after chronic cervical-level spinal cord injury (SCI) using biologically-relevant visual feedback of motor-related brain activity and an intuitive control scheme. APPROACH The NF system acquired magnetoencephalography (MEG) data in real-time to provide feedback of event-related desynchronization (ERD) measured over the sensorimotor cortex during attempted hand grasping. During brain control, stronger ERD resulting from attempted grasping drove the virtual hand towards a more closed grasp, while less ERD drove the hand more open. MAIN RESULTS Eight individuals with partial or complete hand impairment due to chronic SCI controlled the NF to perform a grasping task that increased in difficulty as the participants achieved success. During their first NF session, participants achieved an average success rate of 63.7 ± 6.4% (chance level of 13.9%). After as few as one intervention session, four of the seven individuals evaluated for ERD changes had significantly strengthened ERD and three of the four participants with measurable grip strength prior to NF had increased grip strength. Interestingly, both individuals who participated in a longer-term study (i.e. >8 NF sessions) had improved grip strength and significantly strengthened ERD. SIGNIFICANCE This study demonstrates that MEG-based NF training can change brain activity in individuals with hand impairment due to SCI and has the potential to induce acute changes in grip strength. Future studies will evaluate whether neuroplasticity induced with long term NF can improve hand function for those with moderate impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen T Foldes
- VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America. Rehab Neural Engineering Labs, Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America. Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America. Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
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23
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Opsommer E, Chevalley O, Korogod N. Motor imagery for pain and motor function after spinal cord injury: a systematic review. Spinal Cord 2019; 58:262-274. [PMID: 31836873 DOI: 10.1038/s41393-019-0390-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Systematic review. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the therapeutic benefits of motor imagery (MI) for the people with spinal cord injury (SCI). SETTING International. METHODS We searched electronic bibliographic databases, trial registers, and relevant reference lists. The review included experimental and quasi-experimental study designs as well as observational studies. For the critical appraisal of the 18 studies retrieved (three RCT, seven quasi-RCT, eight observational), we used instruments from the Joanna Briggs Institute. The primary outcome measure was pain. Secondary outcome measures included motor function and neurophysiological parameters. Adverse effects were extracted if reported in the included studies. Because of data heterogeneity, only a qualitative synthesis is offered. RESULTS The included studies involved 282 patients. In most, results were an improvement in motor function and decreased pain; however, some reported no effect or an increase in pain. Although protocols of MI intervention were heterogeneous, sessions of 8-20 min were used for pain treatments, and of 30-60 min were used for motor function improvement. Neurophysiological measurements showed changes in brain region activation and excitability imposed by SCI, which were partially recovered by MI interventions. No serious adverse effects were reported. CONCLUSIONS High heterogeneity in the SCI population, MI interventions, and outcomes measured makes it difficult to judge the therapeutic effects and best MI intervention protocol, especially for people with SCI with neuropathic pain. Further clinical trials evaluating MI intervention as adjunct therapy for pain in SCI patients are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Opsommer
- School of Health Sciences (HESAV) - University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Avenue de Beaumont 21, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Odile Chevalley
- School of Health Sciences (HESAV) - University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Avenue de Beaumont 21, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Natalya Korogod
- School of Health Sciences (HESAV) - University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Avenue de Beaumont 21, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Yousefi R, Rezazadeh Sereshkeh A, Chau T. Development of a robust asynchronous brain-switch using ErrP-based error correction. J Neural Eng 2019; 16:066042. [PMID: 31571608 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ab4943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The ultimate goal of many brain-computer interface (BCI) research efforts is to provide individuals with severe motor impairments with a communication channel that they can control at will. To achieve this goal, an important system requirement is asynchronous control, whereby users can initiate intentional brain activation in a self-paced rather than system-cued manner. However, to date, asynchronous BCIs have been explored in a minority of BCI studies and their performance is generally below that of system-paced alternatives. In this paper, we present an asynchronous electroencephalography (EEG) BCI that detects a non-motor imagery cognitive task and investigated the possibility of improving its performance using error-related potentials (ErrP). APPROACH Ten able-bodied adults attended two sessions of data collection each, one for training and one for testing the BCI. The visual interface consisted of a centrally located cartoon icon. For each participant, an asynchronous BCI differentiated among the idle state and a personally selected cognitive task (mental arithmetic, word generation or figure rotation). The BCI continuously analyzed the EEG data stream and displayed real-time feedback (i.e. icon fell over) upon detection of brain activity indicative of a cognitive task. The BCI also monitored the EEG signals for the presence of error-related potentials following the presentation of feedback. An ErrP classifier was invoked to automatically alter the task classifier outcome when an error-related potential was detected. MAIN RESULTS The average post-error correction trial success rate across participants, 85% [Formula: see text] 12%, was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that pre-error correction (78% [Formula: see text] 11%). SIGNIFICANCE Our findings support the addition of ErrP-correction to maximize the performance of asynchronous BCIs..
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Affiliation(s)
- Rozhin Yousefi
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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25
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Wang W, Xie W, Zhang Q, Liu L, Liu J, Zhou S, Shi J, Chen J, Ning B. Reorganization of the brain in spinal cord injury: a meta-analysis of functional MRI studies. Neuroradiology 2019; 61:1309-1318. [PMID: 31420686 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-019-02272-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Reorganization of the brain is considered the key mechanism of functional recovery in patients after spinal cord injury (SCI). This meta-analysis assessed abnormal brain activation in SCI patients to understand the pattern of reorganization in the brain after SCI. METHODS Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies that compared SCI patients with controls and were published before August 30, 2018, were extracted from the PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases. Voxel-wise whole-brain meta-analysis and region-of-interest meta-analysis of group differences were separately performed. Then, meta-regression analysis was conducted with several clinical characteristics as regressors. RESULTS Sixteen studies that met the inclusion criteria were identified. Compared with control individuals, SCI patients showed increased activation in the sensorimotor cortex in both whole-brain and region-of-interest (ROI) analyses. In addition, whole-brain meta-analysis revealed increased activation in the cerebellum, and this increase was positively correlated with lesion level and injury severity. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that reorganization occurred mainly in the sensorimotor system of the brain after SCI, implying that brain functions involved in sensorimotor demands can still be preserved in this condition. These findings provide opportunities for future studies in terms of therapeutic strategies and prognosis assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhao Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shandong First Medical University/ West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Shandong/Sichuan, China.,Department Spinal Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Shandong First Medical University/ West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Shandong/Sichuan, China.,Department Spinal Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Department Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shandong First Medical University/ West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Shandong/Sichuan, China.,Department Spinal Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department Spinal Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Song Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Shandong First Medical University/ West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Shandong/Sichuan, China.,Department Spinal Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jixue Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Shandong First Medical University/ West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Shandong/Sichuan, China.,Department Spinal Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jianan Chen
- Department Spinal Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Bin Ning
- Department of Orthopedics, Shandong First Medical University/ West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Shandong/Sichuan, China. .,Department Spinal Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Yousefi R, Rezazadeh Sereshkeh A, Chau T. Online detection of error-related potentials in multi-class cognitive task-based BCIs. BRAIN-COMPUTER INTERFACES 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/2326263x.2019.1614770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rozhin Yousefi
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Tom Chau
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Hospital, Toronto, Canada
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Gandola M, Zapparoli L, Saetta G, De Santis A, Zerbi A, Banfi G, Sansone V, Bruno M, Paulesu E. Thumbs up: Imagined hand movements counteract the adverse effects of post-surgical hand immobilization. Clinical, behavioral, and fMRI longitudinal observations. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2019; 23:101838. [PMID: 31071593 PMCID: PMC6506638 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Motor imagery (M.I.) training has been widely used to enhance motor behavior. To characterize the neural foundations of its rehabilitative effects in a pathological population we studied twenty-two patients with rhizarthrosis, a chronic degenerative articular disease in which thumb-to-fingers opposition becomes difficult due to increasing pain while the brain is typically intact. Before and after surgery, patients underwent behavioral tests to measure pain and motor performance and fMRI measurements of brain motor activity. After surgery, the affected hand was immobilized, and patients were enrolled in a M.I. training. The sample was split in those who had a high compliance with the program of scheduled exercises (T+, average compliance: 84%) and those with low compliance (T−, average compliance: 20%; cut-off point: 55%). We found that more intense M.I. training counteracts the adverse effects of immobilization reducing pain and expediting motor recovery. fMRI data from the post-surgery session showed that T+ patients had decreased brain activation in the premotor cortex and the supplementary motor area (SMA); meanwhile, for the same movements, the T− patients exhibited a reversed pattern. Furthermore, in the post-surgery fMRI session, pain intensity was correlated with activity in the ipsilateral precentral gyrus and, notably, in the insular cortex, a node of the pain matrix. These findings indicate that the motor simulations of M.I. have a facilitative effect on recovery by cortical plasticity mechanisms and optimization of motor control, thereby establishing the rationale for incorporating the systematic use of M.I. into standard rehabilitation for the management of post-immobilization syndromes characteristic of hand surgery. Motor imagery training counteracts the effects of post-surgical hand immobilization. It also reduces pain and expedites motor recovery after immobilization. These effects were accompanied by significant fMRI signs of brain plasticity. The clinical-fMRI evidence advocates for the use of motor imagery in rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Gandola
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
| | | | - Gianluca Saetta
- Neuropsychology Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Giuseppe Banfi
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Valerio Sansone
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy; University of Milano-Statale, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Eraldo Paulesu
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy; Department of Psychology and Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
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28
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What is the functional relevance of reorganization in primary motor cortex after spinal cord injury? Neurobiol Dis 2019; 121:286-295. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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29
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Yousefi R, Sereshkeh AR, Chau T. Exploiting error-related potentials in cognitive task based BCI. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2018. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/aaee99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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30
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Suica Z, Platteau-Waldmeier P, Koppel S, Schmidt-Trucksaess A, Ettlin T, Schuster-Amft C. Motor imagery ability assessments in four disciplines: protocol for a systematic review. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e023439. [PMID: 30552265 PMCID: PMC6303557 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Motor imagery (MI) is a very popular and well-accepted technique in different disciplines. Originating from sport and psychology, MI is now also used in the field of medicine and education. Several studies confirmed the benefits of MI to facilitate motor learning and skill acquisition. The findings indicated that individual's MI ability might influence the effectiveness of MI interventions. Over the last two centuries, researchers have developed several assessments to evaluate MI's abstract construct. However, no systematic reviews (SR) exist for MI ability evaluation methods and their measurement properties. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The SR will evaluate available MI ability assessments and their psychometric properties in four relevant disciplines: sports, psychology, medicine and education. This involves performing searches in SPORTDiscus, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science and ERIC. Working independently, two reviewers will screen articles for selection. Then all raw information will be compiled in an overview table-including the articles' characteristics (eg, a study's setting or the population demographics) and the MI ability assessment (psychometric properties). To evaluate the articles' methodological quality, we will use the COSMIN checklist. Then we will evaluate all the included assessments' quality and perform a best-evidence synthesis. Results of this review will be reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The SR is based on published data, and ethical approval is not required. This review will provide information on assessment performance and equipment, as well as its main focus and usefulness. Furthermore, we will present the methodological quality of all the included articles and assess the included instruments' quality. Ultimately, this will act as a valuable resource, providing an overview of MI ability assessments for individual clinical settings, treatment aims, and various populations. The SR's final report will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at relevant conferences. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42017077004.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zorica Suica
- Research Department, Reha Rheinfelden, Rheinfelden, Switzerland
| | - Petra Platteau-Waldmeier
- School of Health Professions, Institute of Physiotherapy, Zurich University for Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Szabina Koppel
- Research Department, Reha Rheinfelden, Rheinfelden, Switzerland
| | | | - Thierry Ettlin
- Research Department, Reha Rheinfelden, Rheinfelden, Switzerland
| | - Corina Schuster-Amft
- Research Department, Reha Rheinfelden, Rheinfelden, Switzerland
- Department for Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute for Rehabilitation and Performance Technology, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Burgdorf, Switzerland
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Alves SS, Ocamoto GN, de Camargo PS, Santos ATS, Terra AMSV. Effects of virtual reality and motor imagery techniques using Fugl Meyer Assessment scale in post-stroke patients. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERAPY AND REHABILITATION 2018. [DOI: 10.12968/ijtr.2018.25.11.587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suélen Santos Alves
- Physiotherapist, Neurofunctional Physical Therapy Laboratory, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Nagai Ocamoto
- Physiotherapist, Neurofunctional Physical Therapy Laboratory, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Silva de Camargo
- Physiotherapist, Neurofunctional Physical Therapy Laboratory, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Adriana Teresa Silva Santos
- Teacher, Neurofunctional Physical Therapy Laboratory, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Embodying functionally relevant action sounds in patients with spinal cord injury. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15641. [PMID: 30353071 PMCID: PMC6199269 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34133-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that perceptual-motor codes may be associated with and influenced by actual bodily states. Following a spinal cord injury (SCI), for example, individuals exhibit reduced visual sensitivity to biological motion. However, a dearth of direct evidence exists about whether profound alterations in sensorimotor traffic between the body and brain influence audio-motor representations. We tested 20 wheelchair-bound individuals with lower skeletal-level SCI who were unable to feel and move their lower limbs, but have retained upper limb function. In a two-choice, matching-to-sample auditory discrimination task, the participants were asked to determine which of two action sounds matched a sample action sound presented previously. We tested aural discrimination ability using sounds that arose from wheelchair, upper limb, lower limb, and animal actions. Our results indicate that an inability to move the lower limbs did not lead to impairment in the discrimination of lower limb-related action sounds in SCI patients. Importantly, patients with SCI discriminated wheelchair sounds more quickly than individuals with comparable auditory experience (i.e. physical therapists) and inexperienced, able-bodied subjects. Audio-motor associations appear to be modified and enhanced to incorporate external salient tools that now represent extensions of their body schemas.
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López-Larraz E, Escolano C, Montesano L, Minguez J. Reactivating the Dormant Motor Cortex After Spinal Cord Injury With EEG Neurofeedback: A Case Study With a Chronic, Complete C4 Patient. Clin EEG Neurosci 2018; 50:1550059418792153. [PMID: 30084262 DOI: 10.1177/1550059418792153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) patients present poor motor cortex activation during movement attempts. The reactivation of this brain region can be beneficial for them, for instance, allowing them to use brain-machine interfaces for motor rehabilitation or restoration. These brain-machine interfacess generally use electroencephalography (EEG) to measure the cortical activation during the attempts of movement, quantifying it as the event-related desynchronization (ERD) of the alpha/mu rhythm. Based on previous evidence showing that higher tonic EEG alpha power is associated with higher ERD, we hypothesized that artificially increasing the alpha power over the motor cortex of these patients could enhance their ERD (ie, motor cortical activation) during movement attempts. We used EEG neurofeedback (NF) to enhance the tonic EEG alpha power, providing real-time visual feedback of the alpha oscillations measured over the motor cortex. This approach was evaluated in a C4, ASIA A, SCI patient (9 months after the injury) who did not present ERD during the movement attempts of his paralyzed hands. The patient performed 4 NF sessions (in 4 consecutive days) and screenings of his EEG activity before and after each session. After the intervention, the patient presented a significant increase in the alpha power over the motor cortex, and a significant enhancement of the mu ERD in the contralateral motor cortex when he attempted to close the assessed right hand. As a proof of concept investigation, this article shows how a short NF intervention might be used to enhance the motor cortical activation in patients with chronic tetraplegia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo López-Larraz
- 1 Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- 2 Departamento de Informática e Ingeniería de Sistemas, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- 3 Instituto de Investigación en Ingeniería de Aragón (I3A), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carlos Escolano
- 2 Departamento de Informática e Ingeniería de Sistemas, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- 3 Instituto de Investigación en Ingeniería de Aragón (I3A), Zaragoza, Spain
- 4 Bit&Brain Technologies SL, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Luis Montesano
- 2 Departamento de Informática e Ingeniería de Sistemas, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- 3 Instituto de Investigación en Ingeniería de Aragón (I3A), Zaragoza, Spain
- 4 Bit&Brain Technologies SL, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Javier Minguez
- 2 Departamento de Informática e Ingeniería de Sistemas, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- 3 Instituto de Investigación en Ingeniería de Aragón (I3A), Zaragoza, Spain
- 4 Bit&Brain Technologies SL, Zaragoza, Spain
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34
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Opsommer E, Korogod N. Mental practice for chronic pain in people with spinal cord injury: a systematic review protocol. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 15:2004-2012. [PMID: 28800048 DOI: 10.11124/jbisrir-2016-003149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
REVIEW QUESTION/OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this systematic review is to identify the effects of mental practice (MP) interventions on chronic neuropathic and nociceptive pain and motor function recovery in individuals after spinal cord injury (SCI). Where possible, this review will also describe the optimal type and dosage (i.e. frequency, intensity and duration) of MP interventions for patients with SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Opsommer
- 1School of Health Sciences (HESAV), University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Lausanne, Switzerland 2Bureau d'Echanges des Savoirs pour des praTiques exemplaires de soins (BEST): a Joanna Briggs Institute Centre of Excellence, Lausanne, Switzerland
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35
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Saiote C, Tacchino A, Brichetto G, Roccatagliata L, Bommarito G, Cordano C, Battaglia M, Mancardi GL, Inglese M. Resting-state functional connectivity and motor imagery brain activation. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 37:3847-3857. [PMID: 27273577 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor imagery (MI) relies on the mental simulation of an action without any overt motor execution (ME), and can facilitate motor learning and enhance the effect of rehabilitation in patients with neurological conditions. While functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during MI and ME reveals shared cortical representations, the role and functional relevance of the resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) of brain regions involved in MI is yet unknown. Here, we performed resting-state fMRI followed by fMRI during ME and MI with the dominant hand. We used a behavioral chronometry test to measure ME and MI movement duration and compute an index of performance (IP). Then, we analyzed the voxel-matched correlation between the individual MI parameter estimates and seed-based RSFC maps in the MI network to measure the correspondence between RSFC and MI fMRI activation. We found that inter-individual differences in intrinsic connectivity in the MI network predicted several clusters of activation. Taken together, present findings provide first evidence that RSFC within the MI network is predictive of the activation of MI brain regions, including those associated with behavioral performance, thus suggesting a role for RSFC in obtaining a deeper understanding of neural substrates of MI and of MI ability. Hum Brain Mapp 37:3847-3857, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Saiote
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York
| | - Andrea Tacchino
- Scientific Research Area, Italian MS Foundation (FISM), Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Luca Roccatagliata
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), and Neuroradiology Department, IRCCS San Martino University Hospital and IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giulia Bommarito
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Christian Cordano
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mario Battaglia
- Scientific Research Area, Italian MS Foundation (FISM), Genoa, Italy.,Department of Physiopathology, Experimental Medicine and Public Health, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Giovanni Luigi Mancardi
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Matilde Inglese
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York. .,Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy. .,Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York. .,Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York.
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Sasaki H, Urabe Y, Maeda N, Suzuki T. Influence of motor imagery of isometric flexor hallucis brevis activity on the excitability of spinal neural function. Somatosens Mot Res 2018; 35:18-24. [DOI: 10.1080/08990220.2018.1439001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hidefumi Sasaki
- Department of Sports Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Department of Therapeutic Health Promotion and Judo Therapy Unit, Kansai University of Health Sciences, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukio Urabe
- Department of Sports Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Noriaki Maeda
- Department of Sports Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Suzuki
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Kansai University of Health Sciences, Osaka, Japan
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Cebolla AM, Palmero-Soler E, Leroy A, Cheron G. EEG Spectral Generators Involved in Motor Imagery: A swLORETA Study. Front Psychol 2017; 8:2133. [PMID: 29312028 PMCID: PMC5733067 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to characterize the neural generators of the brain oscillations related to motor imagery (MI), we investigated the cortical, subcortical, and cerebellar localizations of their respective electroencephalogram (EEG) spectral power and phase locking modulations. The MI task consisted in throwing a ball with the dominant upper limb while in a standing posture, within an ecological virtual reality (VR) environment (tennis court). The MI was triggered by the visual cues common to the control condition, during which the participant remained mentally passive. As previously developed, our paradigm considers the confounding problem that the reference condition allows two complementary analyses: one which uses the baseline before the occurrence of the visual cues in the MI and control resting conditions respectively; and the other which compares the analog periods between the MI and the control resting-state conditions. We demonstrate that MI activates specific, complex brain networks for the power and phase modulations of the EEG oscillations. An early (225 ms) delta phase-locking related to MI was generated in the thalamus and cerebellum and was followed (480 ms) by phase-locking in theta and alpha oscillations, generated in specific cortical areas and the cerebellum. Phase-locking preceded the power modulations (mainly alpha-beta ERD), whose cortical generators were situated in the frontal BA45, BA11, BA10, central BA6, lateral BA13, and posterior cortex BA2. Cerebellar-thalamic involvement through phase-locking is discussed as an underlying mechanism for recruiting at later stages the cortical areas involved in a cognitive role during MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Maria Cebolla
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ernesto Palmero-Soler
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Axelle Leroy
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Guy Cheron
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Laboratory of Electrophysiology, Université de Mons, Mons, Belgium
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38
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Thomschewski A, Ströhlein A, Langthaler PB, Schmid E, Potthoff J, Höller P, Leis S, Trinka E, Höller Y. Imagine There Is No Plegia. Mental Motor Imagery Difficulties in Patients with Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:689. [PMID: 29311771 PMCID: PMC5732245 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In rehabilitation of patients with spinal cord injury (SCI), imagination of movement is a candidate tool to promote long-term recovery or to control futuristic neuroprostheses. However, little is known about the ability of patients with spinal cord injury to perform this task. It is likely that without the ability to effectively perform the movement, the imagination of movement is also problematic. We therefore examined, whether patients with SCI experience increased difficulties in motor imagery (MI) compared to healthy controls. We examined 7 male patients with traumatic spinal cord injury (aged 23–70 years, median 53) and 20 healthy controls (aged 21–54 years, median 30). All patients had incomplete SCI, with AIS (ASIA Impairment Scale) grades of C or D. All had cervical lesions, except one who had a thoracic injury level. Duration after injury ranged from 3 to 314 months. We performed the Movement Imagery Questionnaire Revised as well as the Beck Depression Inventory in all participants. The self-assessed ability of patients to visually imagine movements ranged from 7 to 36 (Md = 30) and tended to be decreased in comparison to healthy controls (ranged 16–49, Md = 42.5; W = 326.5, p = 0.055). Also, the self-assessed ability of patients to kinesthetically imagine movements (range = 7–35, Md = 31) differed significantly from the control group (range = 23–49, Md = 41; W = 337.5, p = 0.0047). Two patients yielded tendencies for depressive mood and they also reported most problems with movement imagination. Statistical analysis however did not confirm a general relationship between depressive mood and increased difficulty in MI across both groups. Patients with spinal cord injury seem to experience difficulties in imagining movements compared to healthy controls. This result might not only have implications for training and rehabilitation programs, but also for applications like brain-computer interfaces used to control neuroprostheses, which are often based on the brain signals exhibited during the imagination of movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aljoscha Thomschewski
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Department of Psychology, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Anja Ströhlein
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Patrick B Langthaler
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Department of Mathematics, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Schmid
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Department of Psychology, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Jonas Potthoff
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Peter Höller
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Stefan Leis
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Eugen Trinka
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Center for Cognitive Neuroscience Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Yvonne Höller
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Department of Psychology, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Center for Cognitive Neuroscience Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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Schudlo LC, Chau T. Development of a Ternary Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Brain-Computer Interface: Online Classification of Verbal Fluency Task, Stroop Task and Rest. Int J Neural Syst 2017; 28:1750052. [PMID: 29281922 DOI: 10.1142/s0129065717500526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The majority of proposed NIRS-BCIs has considered binary classification. Studies considering high-order classification problems have yielded average accuracies that are less than favorable for practical communication. Consequently, there is a paucity of evidence supporting online classification of more than two mental states using NIRS. We developed an online ternary NIRS-BCI that supports the verbal fluency task (VFT), Stroop task and rest. The system utilized two sessions dedicated solely to classifier training. Additionally, samples were collected prior to each period of online classification to update the classifier. Using a continuous-wave spectrometer, measurements were collected from the prefrontal and parietal cortices while 11 able-bodied adult participants were cued to perform one of the two cognitive tasks or rests. Each task was used to indicate the desire to select a particular letter on a scanning interface, while rest avoided selection. Classification was performed using 25 iteration of bagging with a linear discriminant base classifier. Classifiers were trained on 10-dimensional feature sets. The BCI's classification decision was provided as feedback. An average online classification accuracy of [Formula: see text]% was achieved, representing an ITR of [Formula: see text] bits/min. The results demonstrate that online communication can be achieved with a ternary NIRS-BCI that supports VFT, Stroop task and rest. Our findings encourage continued efforts to enhance the ITR of NIRS-BCIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa C Schudlo
- 1 Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, 150 Kilgour Road, Toronto, ON, Canada.,2 Institute of Biomaterial and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tom Chau
- 1 Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, 150 Kilgour Road, Toronto, ON, Canada.,2 Institute of Biomaterial and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Foldes ST, Weber DJ, Collinger JL. Altered modulation of sensorimotor rhythms with chronic paralysis. J Neurophysiol 2017; 118:2412-2420. [PMID: 28768745 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00878.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
After paralysis, the disconnection between the cortex and its peripheral targets leads to neuroplasticity throughout the nervous system. However, it is unclear how chronic paralysis specifically impacts cortical oscillations associated with attempted movement of impaired limbs. We hypothesized that μ- (8-13 Hz) and β- (15-30 Hz) event-related desynchronization (ERD) would be less modulated for individuals with hand paralysis due to cervical spinal cord injury (SCI). To test this, we compared the modulation of ERD from magnetoencephalography (MEG) during attempted and imagined grasping performed by participants with cervical SCI (n = 12) and able-bodied controls (n = 13). Seven participants with tetraplegia were able to generate some electromyography (EMG) activity during attempted grasping, whereas the other five were not. The peak and area of ERD were significantly decreased for individuals without volitional muscle activity when they attempted to grasp compared with able-bodied subjects and participants with SCI,with some residual EMG activity. However, no significant differences were found between subject groups during mentally simulated tasks (i.e., motor imagery) where no muscle activity or somatosensory consequences were expected. These findings suggest that individuals who are unable to produce muscle activity are capable of generating ERD when attempting to move, but the characteristics of this ERD are altered. However, for people who maintain volitional muscle activity after SCI, there are no significant differences in ERD characteristics compared with able-bodied controls. These results provide evidence that ERD is dependent on the level of intact muscle activity after SCI.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Source space MEG was used to investigate sensorimotor cortical oscillations in individuals with SCI. This study provides evidence that individuals with cervical SCI exhibit decreased ERD when they attempt to grasp if they are incapable of generating muscle activity. However, there were no significant differences in ERD between paralyzed and able-bodied participants during motor imagery. These results have important implications for the design and evaluation of new therapies, such as motor imagery and neurofeedback interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen T Foldes
- Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona; and
| | - Douglas J Weber
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jennifer L Collinger
- Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; .,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Choe AS. Advances in Spinal Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Healthy and Injured Spinal Cords. CURRENT PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION REPORTS 2017; 5:143-150. [PMID: 29255645 DOI: 10.1007/s40141-017-0161-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review This review provides an overview of the current spinal functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies that investigate the healthy and injured spinal cords. Recent Findings Spinal fMRI-derived outcome measures have previously been suggested to be sensitive to changes in neurological function in the spinal cord. A body of recent task-activated fMRI studies seems to confirm that detecting neural activity in the spinal cord using spinal fMRI may be feasible as well as reliable. Furthermore, a growing number of studies has shown that resting state fMRI in the spinal cord is also feasible, demonstrating that the investigation of changes in neural activity can also be performed in the absence of explicit tasks. Summary Current task-activated and resting state fMRI studies suggest that spinal fMRI has a strong potential to provide novel imaging biomarkers that can be used to investigate plastic changes in the injured spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann S Choe
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
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Schudlo LC, Chau T. Development and testing an online near-infrared spectroscopy brain-computer interface tailored to an individual with severe congenital motor impairments. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol 2017; 13:581-591. [PMID: 28758809 DOI: 10.1080/17483107.2017.1357212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE For non-verbal individuals, brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are a potential means of communication. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a brain-monitoring modality that has been considered for BCIs. To date, limited NIRS-BCI testing has involved online classification, particularly with individuals with severe motor impairments. MATERIALS AND METHODS We tested an online NIRS-BCI developed for a non-verbal individual with severe congenital motor impairments. The binary BCI differentiated categorical verbal fluency task (VFT) performance and rest using prefrontal measurements. The participant attended five sessions, the last two of which were online with classification feedback. RESULTS An online classification accuracy of 63.33% was achieved using a linear discriminant classifier trained on a four-dimensional feature set. An offline, cross-validation analysis of all data yielded an optimal adjusted classification accuracy of 66.6 ± 9.11%. Inconsistent functional responses, contradictory effects of feedback, participant fatigue and motion artefacts were identified as challenges to online classification specific to this participant. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest potential in using an NIRS-BCI controlled by the VFT in instances of severe congenital impairments. Further testing with users with severe disabilities is necessary. Implications for Rehabilitation Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) can provide a non-motor based means of communication for individuals with severe motor impairments. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a haemodynamic-based brain-imaging modality used in BCIs. To date, NIRS-BCIs have not been thoroughly tested with potential target users. This case study shows that NIRS-BCIs may offer a means of practical communication for individuals with severe congenital impairments and continued exploration is advisable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa C Schudlo
- a Bloorview Research Institute , Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital , Toronto , Canada.,b Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering , University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
| | - Tom Chau
- a Bloorview Research Institute , Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital , Toronto , Canada.,b Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering , University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
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Chen Q, Zheng W, Chen X, Wan L, Qin W, Qi Z, Chen N, Li K. Brain Gray Matter Atrophy after Spinal Cord Injury: A Voxel-Based Morphometry Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:211. [PMID: 28503142 PMCID: PMC5408078 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore possible changes in whole brain gray matter volume (GMV) after spinal cord injury (SCI) using voxel-based morphometry (VBM), and to study their associations with the injury duration, severity, and clinical variables. In total, 21 patients with SCI (10 with complete and 11 with incomplete SCI) and 21 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. The 3D high-resolution T1-weighted structural images of all subjects were obtained using a 3.0 Tesla MRI system. Disease duration and American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Scale scores were also obtained from each patient. Voxel-based morphometry analysis was carried out to investigate the differences in GMV between patients with SCI and HCs, and between the SCI sub-groups. Associations between GMV and clinical variables were also analyzed. Compared with HCs, patients with SCI showed significant GMV decrease in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, bilateral anterior insular cortex, bilateral orbital frontal cortex (OFC), and right superior temporal gyrus. No significant difference in GMV in these areas was found either between the complete and incomplete SCI sub-groups, or between the sub-acute (duration <1 year) and chronic (duration >1 year) sub-groups. Finally, the GMV of the right OFC was correlated with the clinical motor scores of left extremities in not only all SCI patients, but especially the CSCI subgroup. In the sub-acute subgroup, we found a significant positive correlation between the dACC GMV and the total clinical motor scores, and a significant negative correlation between right OFC GMV and the injury duration. These findings indicate that SCI can cause remote atrophy of brain gray matter, especially in the salient network. In general, the duration and severity of SCI may be not associated with the degree of brain atrophy in total SCI patients, but there may be associations between them in subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain InformaticsBeijing, China
| | - Weimin Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain InformaticsBeijing, China.,Department of Radiology, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain InformaticsBeijing, China
| | - Lu Wan
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Wen Qin
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjin, China
| | - Zhigang Qi
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain InformaticsBeijing, China
| | - Nan Chen
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain InformaticsBeijing, China
| | - Kuncheng Li
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain InformaticsBeijing, China
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Brain White Matter Impairment in Patients with Spinal Cord Injury. Neural Plast 2017; 2017:4671607. [PMID: 28255458 PMCID: PMC5309430 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4671607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
It remains unknown whether spinal cord injury (SCI) could indirectly impair or reshape the white matter (WM) of human brain and whether these changes are correlated with injury severity, duration, or clinical performance. We choose tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) to investigate the possible changes in whole-brain white matter integrity and their associations with clinical variables in fifteen patients with SCI. Compared with the healthy controls, the patients exhibited significant decreases in WM fractional anisotropy (FA) in the left angular gyrus (AG), right cerebellum (CB), left precentral gyrus (PreCG), left lateral occipital region (LOC), left superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF), left supramarginal gyrus (SMG), and left postcentral gyrus (PostCG) (p < 0.01, TFCE corrected). No significant differences were found in all diffusion indices between the complete and incomplete SCI. However, significantly negative correlation was shown between the increased radial diffusivity (RD) of left AG and total motor scores (uncorrected p < 0.05). Our findings provide evidence that SCI can cause not only direct degeneration but also transneuronal degeneration of brain WM, and these changes may be irrespective of the injury severity. The affection of left AG on rehabilitation therapies need to be further researched in the future.
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Mateo S, Di Rienzo F, Reilly KT, Revol P, Delpuech C, Daligault S, Guillot A, Jacquin-Courtois S, Luauté J, Rossetti Y, Collet C, Rode G. Improvement of grasping after motor imagery in C6-C7 tetraplegia: A kinematic and MEG pilot study. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2016; 33:543-55. [PMID: 26409412 DOI: 10.3233/rnn-140466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Grasp recovery after C6-C7-spinal cord injury (SCI) requires learning "tenodesis grasp" whereby active wrist extension elicits passive thumb-to-forefinger and finger-to-palm flexion. Evidence that motor imagery (MI) promotes upper limb function after tetraplegia is growing, but whether MI potentiates grasp recovery in C6-C7-SCI individuals who have successfully learned the "tenodesis grasp" remains unknown. METHODS Six chronic stable C6-C7-SCI inpatients and six healthy control participants were included. C6-C7-SCI participants imagined grasping movements and controls visualized geometric forms for 45 minutes, three times a week for five weeks. Three separate measures taken over a five week period before the intervention formed the baseline. Intervention effects were assessed immediately after the intervention and eight weeks later. Each testing session consisted of kinematic recordings during reach-to-grasp and magnetoencephalographic (MEG) recordings during wrist extension. RESULTS During baseline, kinematic wrist extension angle during "tenodesis grasp" and MEG contralateral sensorimotor cortex (cSMC) activity during wrist extension were stable. Moreover, SCI participants exhibited a greater number of voxels within cSMC than controls. After MI sessions, wrist extension angle increased during "tenodesis grasp" and the number of voxels within cSMC during wrist extension decreased and became similar to controls. CONCLUSION These findings provide further support for the use of MI to reinforce a compensatory grasping movement (tenodesis) and induce brain plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Mateo
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, ImpAct Team, F-69676 Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Henry Gabrielle, Plate-forme Mouvement et Handicap, F-69000 Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Centre de Recherche et d'Innovation sur le Sport, Equipe d'Accueil 647, Performance Motrice, Mentale et du Matériel, 69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Franck Di Rienzo
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Centre de Recherche et d'Innovation sur le Sport, Equipe d'Accueil 647, Performance Motrice, Mentale et du Matériel, 69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Karen T Reilly
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, ImpAct Team, F-69676 Lyon, France
| | - Patrice Revol
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, ImpAct Team, F-69676 Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Henry Gabrielle, Plate-forme Mouvement et Handicap, F-69000 Lyon, France
| | - Claude Delpuech
- CERMEP - imagerie du vivant, Bron, France.,Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Dycog Team, F-69000 Lyon, France
| | | | - Aymeric Guillot
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Centre de Recherche et d'Innovation sur le Sport, Equipe d'Accueil 647, Performance Motrice, Mentale et du Matériel, 69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Jacquin-Courtois
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, ImpAct Team, F-69676 Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Henry Gabrielle, Plate-forme Mouvement et Handicap, F-69000 Lyon, France
| | - Jacques Luauté
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, ImpAct Team, F-69676 Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Henry Gabrielle, Plate-forme Mouvement et Handicap, F-69000 Lyon, France
| | - Yves Rossetti
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, ImpAct Team, F-69676 Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Henry Gabrielle, Plate-forme Mouvement et Handicap, F-69000 Lyon, France
| | - Christian Collet
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Centre de Recherche et d'Innovation sur le Sport, Equipe d'Accueil 647, Performance Motrice, Mentale et du Matériel, 69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Gilles Rode
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, ImpAct Team, F-69676 Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Henry Gabrielle, Plate-forme Mouvement et Handicap, F-69000 Lyon, France
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Chen X, Wan L, Qin W, Zheng W, Qi Z, Chen N, Li K. Functional Preservation and Reorganization of Brain during Motor Imagery in Patients with Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury: A Pilot fMRI Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:46. [PMID: 26913000 PMCID: PMC4753296 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor imagery (MI) is a cognitive process involved in mentally rehearsing movement representations, and it has great potential for the rehabilitation of motor function in patients with spinal cord injuries. The aim of this study was to explore changes in the brain activation patterns in incomplete spinal cord injury (ISCI) patients during motor execution (ME) and MI tasks, and to thereby explore whether MI shares similar motor-related networks with ME in ISCI patients. Seventeen right-handed ISCI patients with impaired motor function of their right ankles and 17 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were enrolled in this study. The activation patterns of the ISCI subjects and those of the healthy subjects were compared, both during mental dorsi-plantar flexion of the right ankle (the MI task) and the actual movement of the joint (the ME task). The patients and the healthy controls shared similar activation patterns during the MI or ME tasks. The activation patterns of the MI task between the patients and the healthy controls were more similar than those of the ME task. These findings indicate that the MI network is more functionally preserved than the ME network in ISCI patients. In addition, increased activation in the motor-related regions during ME task, and decreased activation in the parietal regions during both ME and MI tasks, were identified in the ISCI patients compared to the healthy controls, indicating a functional reorganization of these regions after ISCI. The functional preservation and reorganization of the MI network in the ISCI patients suggests a potential role for MI training in motor rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain InformaticsBeijing, China
| | - Lu Wan
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain InformaticsBeijing, China
| | - Wen Qin
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Tianjin, China
| | - Weimin Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain InformaticsBeijing, China
| | - Zhigang Qi
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain InformaticsBeijing, China
| | - Nan Chen
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain InformaticsBeijing, China
| | - Kuncheng Li
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain InformaticsBeijing, China
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Scandola M, Aglioti SM, Pozeg P, Avesani R, Moro V. Motor imagery in spinal cord injured people is modulated by somatotopic coding, perspective taking, and post-lesional chronic pain. J Neuropsychol 2016; 11:305-326. [PMID: 26800319 DOI: 10.1111/jnp.12098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Motor imagery (MI) allows one to mentally represent an action without necessarily performing it. Importantly, however, MI is profoundly influenced by the ability to actually execute actions, as demonstrated by the impairment of this ability as a consequence of lesions in motor cortices, limb amputations, movement limiting chronic pain, and spinal cord injury. Understanding MI and its deficits in patients with motor limitations is fundamentally important as development of some brain-computer interfaces and daily life strategies for coping with motor disorders are based on this ability. We explored MI in a large sample of patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) using a comprehensive battery of questionnaires to assess the ability to imagine actions from a first-person or a third-person perspective and also imagine the proprioceptive components of actions. Moreover, we correlated MI skills with personality measures and clinical variables such as the level and completeness of the lesion and the presence of chronic pain. We found that the MI deficits (1) concerned the body parts affected by deafferentation and deefferentation, (2) were present in first- but not in third-person perspectives, and (3) were more altered in the presence of chronic pain. MI is thus closely related to bodily perceptions and representations. Every attempt to devise tools and trainings aimed at improving autonomy needs to consider the cognitive changes due to the body-brain disconnection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Scandola
- NPSY-Lab.VR, Department of Philosophy, Education and Psychology, University of Verona, Italy.,IRCCS 'S. Lucia' Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore M Aglioti
- IRCCS 'S. Lucia' Foundation, Rome, Italy.,SCNLab, Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Polona Pozeg
- Center for Neuroprosthetics, School of Life Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland.,Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland
| | - Renato Avesani
- Department of Rehabilitation, 'Sacro Cuore Don Calabria' Hospital, Negrar, Italy
| | - Valentina Moro
- NPSY-Lab.VR, Department of Philosophy, Education and Psychology, University of Verona, Italy
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Cebolla AM, Petieau M, Cevallos C, Leroy A, Dan B, Cheron G. Long-Lasting Cortical Reorganization as the Result of Motor Imagery of Throwing a Ball in a Virtual Tennis Court. Front Psychol 2015; 6:1869. [PMID: 26648903 PMCID: PMC4664627 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to characterize the neural signature of a motor imagery (MI) task, the present study investigates for the first time the oscillation characteristics including both of the time-frequency measurements, event related spectral perturbation and intertrial coherence (ITC) underlying the variations in the temporal measurements (event related potentials, ERP) directly related to a MI task. We hypothesize that significant variations in both of the time-frequency measurements underlie the specific changes in the ERP directly related to MI. For the MI task, we chose a simple everyday task (throwing a tennis ball), that does not require any particular motor expertise, set within the controlled virtual reality scenario of a tennis court. When compared to the rest condition a consistent, long-lasting negative fronto-central ERP wave was accompanied by significant changes in both time frequency measurements suggesting long-lasting cortical activity reorganization. The ERP wave was characterized by two peaks at about 300 ms (N300) and 1000 ms (N1000). The N300 component was centrally localized on the scalp and was accompanied by significant phase consistency in the delta brain rhythms in the contralateral central scalp areas. The N1000 component spread wider centrally and was accompanied by a significant power decrease (or event related desynchronization) in low beta brain rhythms localized in fronto-precentral and parieto-occipital scalp areas and also by a significant power increase (or event related synchronization) in theta brain rhythms spreading fronto-centrally. During the transition from N300 to N1000, a contralateral alpha (mu) as well as post-central and parieto-theta rhythms occurred. The visual representation of movement formed in the minds of participants might underlie a top-down process from the fronto-central areas which is reflected by the amplitude changes observed in the fronto-central ERPs and by the significant phase synchrony in contralateral fronto-central delta and contralateral central mu to parietal theta presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Cebolla
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Petieau
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Carlos Cevallos
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Axelle Leroy
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bernard Dan
- Department of Neurology, Hopital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Guy Cheron
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles , Brussels, Belgium ; Haute École Condorcet , Charleroi, Belgium ; Laboratory of Electrophysiology, Université de Mons-Hainaut , Mons, Belgium
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C Schudlo L, Chau T. Towards a ternary NIRS-BCI: single-trial classification of verbal fluency task, Stroop task and unconstrained rest. J Neural Eng 2015; 12:066008. [PMID: 26447770 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2560/12/6/066008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The majority of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) brain-computer interface (BCI) studies have investigated binary classification problems. Limited work has considered differentiation of more than two mental states, or multi-class differentiation of higher-level cognitive tasks using measurements outside of the anterior prefrontal cortex. Improvements in accuracies are needed to deliver effective communication with a multi-class NIRS system. We investigated the feasibility of a ternary NIRS-BCI that supports mental states corresponding to verbal fluency task (VFT) performance, Stroop task performance, and unconstrained rest using prefrontal and parietal measurements. APPROACH Prefrontal and parietal NIRS signals were acquired from 11 able-bodied adults during rest and performance of the VFT or Stroop task. Classification was performed offline using bagging with a linear discriminant base classifier trained on a 10 dimensional feature set. MAIN RESULTS VFT, Stroop task and rest were classified at an average accuracy of 71.7% ± 7.9%. The ternary classification system provided a statistically significant improvement in information transfer rate relative to a binary system controlled by either mental task (0.87 ± 0.35 bits/min versus 0.73 ± 0.24 bits/min). SIGNIFICANCE These results suggest that effective communication can be achieved with a ternary NIRS-BCI that supports VFT, Stroop task and rest via measurements from the frontal and parietal cortices. Further development of such a system is warranted. Accurate ternary classification can enhance communication rates offered by NIRS-BCIs, improving the practicality of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa C Schudlo
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, 150 Kilgour Road, Toronto, Ontario, M4G 1R8, Canada. Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9, Canada
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