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Hernández D, Puupponen A, Keränen J, Ortega G, Jantunen T. Between bodily action and conventionalized structure: The neural mechanisms of constructed action in sign language comprehension. Brain Lang 2024; 252:105413. [PMID: 38608511 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2024.105413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Sign languages (SLs) are expressed through different bodily actions, ranging from re-enactment of physical events (constructed action, CA) to sequences of lexical signs with internal structure (plain telling, PT). Despite the prevalence of CA in signed interactions and its significance for SL comprehension, its neural dynamics remain unexplored. We examined the processing of different types of CA (subtle, reduced, and overt) and PT in 35 adult deaf or hearing native signers. The electroencephalographic-based processing of signed sentences with incongruent targets was recorded. Attenuated N300 and early N400 were observed for CA in deaf but not in hearing signers. No differences were found between sentences with CA types in all signers, suggesting a continuum from PT to overt CA. Deaf signers focused more on body movements; hearing signers on faces. We conclude that CA is processed less effortlessly than PT, arguably because of its strong focus on bodily actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Hernández
- Sign Language Centre, Department of Language and Communication, University of Jyväskylä, Finland; Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Research (CIBR), Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Anna Puupponen
- Sign Language Centre, Department of Language and Communication, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jarkko Keränen
- Sign Language Centre, Department of Language and Communication, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Gerardo Ortega
- Department of English Language and Applied Linguistics, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Tommi Jantunen
- Sign Language Centre, Department of Language and Communication, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
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2
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Smith CM, Federmeier KD. Multiple mechanisms of visual prediction as revealed by the timecourse of scene-object facilitation. Psychophysiology 2024; 61:e14503. [PMID: 38178793 PMCID: PMC11021179 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Not only semantic, but also recently learned arbitrary associations have the potential to facilitate visual processing in everyday life-for example, knowledge of a (moveable) object's location at a specific time may facilitate visual processing of that object. In our prior work, we showed that previewing a scene can facilitate processing of recently associated objects at the level of visual analysis (Smith and Federmeier in Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 32(5):783-803, 2020). In the current study, we assess how rapidly this facilitation unfolds by manipulating scene preview duration. We then compare our results to studies using well-learned object-scene associations in a first-pass assessment of whether systems consolidation might speed up high-level visual prediction. In two ERP experiments (N = 60), we had participants study categorically organized novel object-scene pairs in an explicit paired associate learning task. At test, we varied contextual pre-exposure duration, both between (200 vs. 2500 ms) and within subjects (0-2500 ms). We examined the N300, an event-related potential component linked to high-level visual processing of objects and scenes and found that N300 effects of scene congruity increase with longer scene previews, up to approximately 1-2 s. Similar results were obtained for response times and in a separate component-neutral ERP analysis of visual template matching. Our findings contrast with prior evidence that scenes can rapidly facilitate visual processing of commonly associated objects. This raises the possibility that systems consolidation might mediate different kinds of predictive processing with different temporal profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cybelle M. Smith
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Kara D. Federmeier
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA
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3
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Inanc G, Ozgoren M. Primed Tactile Stimulus Processing during Sleep. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2216. [PMID: 38004356 PMCID: PMC10671935 DOI: 10.3390/life13112216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim was to investigate how the primed and unprimed non-painful tactile stimuli during sleep would be processed. A total of 22 healthy subjects (19.55 ± 1.10 years) were randomly divided into two groups. The same stimuli were applied to both groups, but the study group (SG) received them twice (daytime and sleep), whereas the control group (CG) received them only during sleep. A 40-channel PSG and a pneumatic tactile stimulator unit were used. Evoked potential components of the CZ electrode were examined in four sleep stages (N1, N2, N3, and REM). The Mann-Whitney U test was used for group comparison, and the Wilcoxon test was used for in-group evaluations. The P50 and N300 response components were observed in all sleep stages in both groups. P50 decreased as sleep deepened in the SG. The N300 increased as sleep deepened and started to decrease again in the REM stage. Moreover, in N1, the amplitudes of P200-N300 and N300-P450 in the SG were significantly greater than those in the CG. The fact that P50 was observed even in N3 indicates that bottom-up sensory processing continues during sleep. Moreover, the central processing of primed and unprimed stimuli exhibited dynamic differences. Furthermore, an increase in N300 amplitude suggests suppressive processes to facilitate and maintain sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonca Inanc
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, 99138 Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Neuroscience, Post Graduate Institute, Near East University, 99138 Nicosia, Cyprus
- Brain and Conscious States Research Center, Near East University, 99138 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Murat Ozgoren
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, 99138 Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Neuroscience, Post Graduate Institute, Near East University, 99138 Nicosia, Cyprus
- Brain and Conscious States Research Center, Near East University, 99138 Nicosia, Cyprus
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Niu N, Wu Y, Li H, Li M, Yang D, Fan W, Zhong Y. Influence of voluntary action and outcome valence on the sense of agency. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1206858. [PMID: 37746056 PMCID: PMC10512953 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1206858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that people might experience a lessened sense of agency for negative consequences by claiming that they were obeying orders. However, little is known about the cognitive neural mechanism behind the reduced sense of agency when individuals are forced to inflict physical harm on others. This study adopted temporal estimation tasks to investigate the internal mechanism of voluntary action on the sense of agency and the moderating effect of outcome valence as measured by event-related potentials (ERPs). In the temporal estimation task, participants were asked to make trade-offs of monetary gains for themselves against painful electric stimuli experienced by strangers, subjectively estimated the perceptual temporal interval between keypress actions (i.e., free or coercive actions) and consequent outcomes (i.e., positive or negative tones) and rated the feeling of control. The results showed that perceived temporal interval was shorter for positive tones compared with negative tones in the coercive condition, and induced more negative N1 and N300 amplitudes, which indicated that the implicit sense of agency was higher. However, the explicit sense of agency was stronger in the free condition than in the coercive condition, which was not influenced by outcome valence. We discuss the implications of utilizing positive feedback and free choice as significant strategies for those experiencing the abnormal sense of agency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Niu
- Department of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yun Wu
- Department of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui'e Li
- Department of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Danping Yang
- Department of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Fan
- Department of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yiping Zhong
- Department of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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5
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Baker KS, Johnston P, Yamamoto N, Pegna AJ. Event-Related Potentials Index Prediction Error Signalling During Perceptual Processing of Emotional Facial Expressions. Brain Topogr 2023. [PMID: 36917320 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-023-00951-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Humans use socially relevant stimuli to guide perceptual processing of the surrounding environment, with emotional stimuli receiving preferential attention due to their social importance. Predictive coding theory asserts this cognitive process occurs efficiently by combining predictions about what is to be perceived with incoming sensory information, generating prediction errors that are then used to update future predictions. Recent evidence has identified differing neural activity that demonstrates how spatial and feature-based attention may interact with prediction, yet how emotion-guided attention may influence this relationship remains unknown. In the present study, participants viewed a display of two faces in which attention, prediction, and emotion were manipulated, and responded to a face expressing a specific emotion (anger or happiness). The N170 was found to be enhanced by unpredictable as opposed to predictable stimuli, indicating that it indexes general prediction error signalling processes. The N300 amplitudes were also enhanced by unpredictable stimuli, but they were also affected by the attentional status of angry but not happy faces, suggesting that there are differences in prediction error processes indexed by the N170 and N300. Overall, the findings suggest that the N170 and N300 both index violations of expectation for spatial manipulations of stimuli in accordance with prediction error responding processes.
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Baker KS, Yamamoto N, Pegna AJ, Johnston P. Violated Expectations for Spatial and Feature Attributes of Visual Trajectories Modulate Event-Related Potential Amplitudes across the Visual Processing Hierarchy. Biol Psychol 2022; 174:108422. [PMID: 36038082 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2022.108422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
During visual perception the brain must combine its predictions about what is to be perceived with incoming relevant information. The present study investigated how this process interacts with attention by using event-related potentials that index these cognitive mechanisms. Specifically, this study focused on examining how the amplitudes of the N170, N2pc, and N300 would be modulated by violations of expectations for spatial and featural attributes of visual stimuli. Participants viewed a series of shape stimuli in which a salient shape moved across a set of circular locations so that the trajectory of the shape implied the final position and shape of the stimulus. The final salient stimuli occurred in one of four possible outcomes: predictable position and shape, predictable position but unpredictable shape, unpredictable position but predictable shape, and unpredictable position and shape. The N170 was enhanced by unpredictable positions and shapes, whereas the N300 was enlarged only by unpredictable positions. The N2pc was not modulated by violations of expectation for shapes or positions. Additionally, it was observed post-hoc that the P1pc amplitude was increased by unpredictable shapes. These findings revealed that incorrect prediction increases neural activity. Furthermore, they suggest that prediction and attention interact differently in different stages of visual perception, depending on the type of attention being engaged: The N170 indexes initial prediction error signalling irrespective of the type of information (spatial or featural) in which error occurs, followed by the N300 as a marker of prediction updating involving reorientation of spatial attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen S Baker
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Naohide Yamamoto
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Alan J Pegna
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Experimental Neuropsychology, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Patrick Johnston
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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7
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Chen L, Cichy RM, Kaiser D. Semantic Scene-Object Consistency Modulates N300/400 EEG Components, but Does Not Automatically Facilitate Object Representations. Cereb Cortex 2022; 32:3553-3567. [PMID: 34891169 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During natural vision, objects rarely appear in isolation, but often within a semantically related scene context. Previous studies reported that semantic consistency between objects and scenes facilitates object perception and that scene-object consistency is reflected in changes in the N300 and N400 components in EEG recordings. Here, we investigate whether these N300/400 differences are indicative of changes in the cortical representation of objects. In two experiments, we recorded EEG signals, while participants viewed semantically consistent or inconsistent objects within a scene; in Experiment 1, these objects were task-irrelevant, while in Experiment 2, they were directly relevant for behavior. In both experiments, we found reliable and comparable N300/400 differences between consistent and inconsistent scene-object combinations. To probe the quality of object representations, we performed multivariate classification analyses, in which we decoded the category of the objects contained in the scene. In Experiment 1, in which the objects were not task-relevant, object category could be decoded from ~100 ms after the object presentation, but no difference in decoding performance was found between consistent and inconsistent objects. In contrast, when the objects were task-relevant in Experiment 2, we found enhanced decoding of semantically consistent, compared with semantically inconsistent, objects. These results show that differences in N300/400 components related to scene-object consistency do not index changes in cortical object representations but rather reflect a generic marker of semantic violations. Furthermore, our findings suggest that facilitatory effects between objects and scenes are task-dependent rather than automatic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixiang Chen
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Radoslaw Martin Cichy
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Daniel Kaiser
- Mathematical Institute, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Physics, Geography, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Gießen 35392, Germany.,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Philipps-Universität Marburg and Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Marburg 35032, Germany
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8
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Ke H, Vuong QC, Geangu E. Three- and six-year-old children are sensitive to natural body expressions of emotion: An event-related potential emotional priming study. J Exp Child Psychol 2022; 224:105497. [PMID: 35850023 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2022.105497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Body movements provide a rich source of emotional information during social interactions. Although the ability to perceive biological motion cues related to those movements begins to develop during infancy, processing those cues to identify emotions likely continues to develop into childhood. Previous studies used posed or exaggerated body movements, which might not reflect the kind of body expressions children experience. The current study used an event-related potential (ERP) priming paradigm to investigate the development of emotion recognition from more naturalistic body movements. Point-light displays (PLDs) of male adult bodies expressing happy or angry emotional movements while narrating a story were used as prime stimuli, whereas audio recordings of the words "happy" and "angry" spoken with an emotionally neutral prosody were used as targets. We recorded the ERPs time-locked to the onset of the auditory target from 3- and 6-year-old children, and we compared amplitude and latency of the N300 and N400 responses between the two age groups in the different prime-target conditions. There was an overall effect of prime for the N300 amplitude, with more negative-going responses for happy PLDs compared with angry PLDs. There was also an interaction between prime and target for the N300 latency, suggesting that all children were sensitive to the emotional congruency between body movements and words. For the N400 component, there was only an interaction among age, prime, and target for latency, suggesting an age-dependent modulation of this component when prime and target did not match in emotional information. Overall, our results suggest that the emergence of more complex emotion processing of body expressions occurs around 6 years of age, but it is not fully developed at this point in ontogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Ke
- Department of Psychology, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YF, UK.
| | - Quoc C Vuong
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Elena Geangu
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
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Ji L, Zhao Q, Zhang Y, Wan J, Yu Y, Zhao J, Li X. Event-Related Brain Potential Correlates of Event-Based Prospective Memory in Children With Learning Disability. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:898536. [PMID: 35815023 PMCID: PMC9256924 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.898536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prospective memory (PM) has been reported to be impaired in children with learning disabilities (LD), but few studies have examined the underlying neural mechanism of this impairment. To address this issue, the present study applied ERP technique to explore the difference of event-based prospective memory (EBPM) in 21 children with LD and 20 non-LD children with double task paradigm. Results from behavioral data showed that LD children exhibited lower accuracy than non-LD children. The ERP results showed that the two groups displayed significant difference in the ERP components, with longer N300 latency in LD group, but there was no obvious difference found in the prospective positivity component. The present findings seem to indicate that the poor performance of LD children on PM task might be result from deficits in PM cues detection. These results provided evidence for the existence of altered PM processing in LD children, which was characterized by a selective deficit in cues detection of PM. Therefore, these findings shed new light on the neurophysiological processes underlying PM in children with LD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Ji
- Institute of Behavior and Psychology, School of Psychology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, Macau SAR, China
- Center for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Yafei Zhang
- Institute of Behavior and Psychology, School of Psychology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jiaojiao Wan
- Institute of Behavior and Psychology, School of Psychology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yifan Yu
- Institute of Behavior and Psychology, School of Psychology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Junfeng Zhao
- Institute of Behavior and Psychology, School of Psychology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
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10
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López-Rojas C, Rossi E, Marful A, Bajo MT. Prospective memory in bilinguals and monolinguals: ERP and behavioural correlates of prospective processing in bilinguals. Brain Lang 2022; 225:105059. [PMID: 34971925 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2021.105059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Prospective memory (PM) allows us to form intentions and execute them in the future. Successful retrieval of prospective intentions depends on adequate context monitoring and disengagement from the ongoing task. These processes are also central in predicting incoming language information and guiding language production in bilinguals. We investigated if different bilingual experiences (early/late bilinguals, monolinguals) modulate performance in PM tasks that varied in attentional requirements (focal vs. non-focal). Behavioural and event-related potential (ERP) results indicated that early bilinguals differed from late bilinguals and monolinguals in how they performed the prospective task. Specifically, they showed larger differences between the ongoing activity and the prospective task in the N300 and P3b components when performing the more difficult non-focal PM task, indicating that they engaged in monitoring/updating to adapt to the task's demands. These differences were not observed in late bilinguals and monolinguals, suggesting that prospective processing is dependent on the bilingual experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina López-Rojas
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | | | - Alejandra Marful
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Mª Teresa Bajo
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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11
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Kumar M, Federmeier KD, Beck DM. The N300: An Index for Predictive Coding of Complex Visual Objects and Scenes. Cereb Cortex Commun 2021; 2:tgab030. [PMID: 34296175 PMCID: PMC8171016 DOI: 10.1093/texcom/tgab030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Predictive coding models can simulate known perceptual or neuronal phenomena, but there have been fewer attempts to identify a reliable neural signature of predictive coding for complex stimuli. In a pair of studies, we test whether the N300 component of the event-related potential, occurring 250–350-ms poststimulus-onset, has the response properties expected for such a signature of perceptual hypothesis testing at the level of whole objects and scenes. We show that N300 amplitudes are smaller to representative (“good exemplars”) compared with less representative (“bad exemplars”) items from natural scene categories. Integrating these results with patterns observed for objects, we establish that, across a variety of visual stimuli, the N300 is responsive to statistical regularity, or the degree to which the input is “expected” (either explicitly or implicitly) based on prior knowledge, with statistically regular images evoking a reduced response. Moreover, we show that the measure exhibits context-dependency; that is, we find the N300 sensitivity to category representativeness when stimuli are congruent with, but not when they are incongruent with, a category pre-cue. Thus, we argue that the N300 is the best candidate to date for an index of perceptual hypotheses testing for complex visual objects and scenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Kara D Federmeier
- Department of Psychology, Program in Neuroscience, and the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Diane M Beck
- Department of Psychology, Program in Neuroscience, and the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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12
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Walla P, Chang M, Schaefer K, Windhager S. Social Perception of Faces: Brain Imaging and Subjective Ratings. Brain Sci 2020; 10:E861. [PMID: 33207720 PMCID: PMC7696491 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10110861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate how a female face is perceived in terms of its attractiveness, dominance, health, femininity-masculinity, and maturity in direct relation to the body fat percentage (BFP) conveyed by the face. To compare how young adults (ages 18 to 35) respond to different levels of body fat percentage both subjectively and objectively we collected survey ratings and electroencephalography (EEG) data across five different levels of BFP from 40 participants. We adapted the experimental design from a prior behavioral study and used calibrated and morphed female face images of five different BFP levels. The results of the survey are in consensus with the previous study and assessed to be a successful replication. From the EEG data, event-related potentials (ERPs) were extracted from one electrode location (right occipitotemporal brain region) known to be particularly sensitive to face-stimuli. We found statistically significant differences in the amplitudes of the P200 component (194 ms post stimulus onset) between the thickest face and all four other BFP conditions, and in the amplitudes of the N300 component (274 ms post stimulus onset) between the average face and three other BFP conditions. As expected, there were no significant differences among the N170 amplitudes of all five BFP conditions since this ERP component simply reflects the processing of faces in general. From these results, we can infer that holistic face encoding characterized by the N170 component in the right occipitotemporal area is followed by serial evaluative processes, whose categorical and qualitative matrix and spatiotemporal dynamics should be further explored in future studies, especially in relation to the social constructs that were focused on in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Walla
- CanBeLab, Department of Psychology, Webster Vienna Private University, Palais Wenkheim, Praterstrasse 23, 1020 Vienna, Austria;
- School of Psychology, Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan 2308, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Psychology, Sigmund Freud University, Freudplatz 1, 1020 Vienna, Austria
- Faculty of Medicine, Sigmund Freud University, Freudplatz 3, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - Minah Chang
- CanBeLab, Department of Psychology, Webster Vienna Private University, Palais Wenkheim, Praterstrasse 23, 1020 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Katrin Schaefer
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (K.S.); (S.W.)
| | - Sonja Windhager
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (K.S.); (S.W.)
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Wodniecka Z, Szewczyk J, Kałamała P, Mandera P, Durlik J. When a second language hits a native language. What ERPs (do and do not) tell us about language retrieval difficulty in bilingual language production. Neuropsychologia 2020; 141:107390. [PMID: 32057934 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The accumulating evidence suggests that prior usage of a second language (L2) leads to processing costs on the subsequent production of a native language (L1). However, it is unclear what mechanism underlies this effect. It has been proposed that the L1 cost reflects inhibition of L1 representation acting during L1 production; however, previous studies exploring this issue were inconclusive. It is also unsettled whether the mechanism operates on the whole-language level or is restricted to translation equivalents in the two languages. We report a study that allowed us to address both issues behaviorally with the use of ERPs while focusing on the consequences of using L2 on the production of L1. In our experiment, native speakers of Polish (L1) and learners of English (L2) named a set of pictures in L1 following a set of pictures in either L1 or L2. Half of the pictures were repeated from the preceding block and half were new; this enabled dissociation of the effects on the level of the whole language from those specific to individual lexical items. Our results are consistent with the notion that language after-effects operate at a whole-language level. Behaviorally, we observed a clear processing cost on the whole-language level and a small facilitation on the item-specific level. The whole-language effect was accompanied by an enhanced, fronto-centrally distributed negativity in the 250-350 ms time-window which we identified as the N300 (in contrast to previous research, which probably misidentified the effect as the N2), a component that presumably reflects retrieval difficulty of relevant language representations during picture naming. As such, unlike previous studies that reported N2 for naming pictures in L1 after L2 use, we propose that the reported ERPs (N300) indicate that prior usage of L2 hampers lexical access to names in L1. Based on the literature, the after-effects could be caused by L1 inhibition and/or L2 interference, but the ERPs so far have not been informative about the causal mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zofia Wodniecka
- Psychology of Language and Bilingualism Lab, Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Jakub Szewczyk
- Psychology of Language and Bilingualism Lab, Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Patrycja Kałamała
- Psychology of Language and Bilingualism Lab, Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Paweł Mandera
- Psychology of Language and Bilingualism Lab, Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Durlik
- Psychology of Language and Bilingualism Lab, Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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Li S, Chen S, Zhang H, Zhao Q, Zhou Z, Huang F, Sui D, Wang F, Hong J. Dynamic cognitive processes of text-picture integration revealed by event-related potentials. Brain Res 2019; 1726:146513. [PMID: 31669828 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The integration of text and picture is the core of multimedia information processing. Relevant theories suggest that text and picture are processed through different channels in the early stage, and integrated in the late stage of processing. Based on these theories, the current study adopted measures of event-related potentials to examine the cognitive and neural processes of text-picture integration. The results showed that in the early stage of text-picture integration, picture processing evoked a more negative N1 over the occipital area and a N300 over the prefrontal area, which might reflect the discrimination process of visual stimuli and the imagery representation of the picture, respectively; in the late stage, the text-picture induced a N400 in the central area and an LPC over the central, parietal and temporal areas, which might be associated with the semantic activation and integration of text and picture, respectively. These results not only provide support for existing theories, but also further elucidate the dynamic neural processing of text-picture integration in terms of its temporal and spatial characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songqing Li
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China; Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Shi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China; Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Hongpo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China; Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Qingbai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China; Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Zhijin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China; Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Furong Huang
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China.
| | - Danni Sui
- School of Foreign Languages, Shenyang University, Shenyang 110044, China
| | - Fuxing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China; Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Jianzhong Hong
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China; Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China.
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15
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Chang YT, Chen HY, Huang YC, Shih WY, Chan HL, Wu PY, Meng LF, Chen CC, Wang CI. Left centro-parieto-temporal response to tool-gesture incongruity: an ERP study. Behav Brain Funct 2018; 14:6. [PMID: 29534746 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-018-0138-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Action semantics have been investigated in relation to context violation but remain less examined in relation to the meaning of gestures. In the present study, we examined tool-gesture incongruity by event-related potentials (ERPs) and hypothesized that the component N400, a neural index which has been widely used in both linguistic and action semantic congruence, is significant for conditions of incongruence. METHODS Twenty participants performed a tool-gesture judgment task, in which they were asked to judge whether the tool-gesture pairs were correct or incorrect, for the purpose of conveying functional expression of the tools. Online electroencephalograms and behavioral performances (the accuracy rate and reaction time) were recorded. RESULTS The ERP analysis showed a left centro-parieto-temporal N300 effect (220-360 ms) for the correct condition. However, the expected N400 (400-550 ms) could not be differentiated between correct/incorrect conditions. After 700 ms, a prominent late negative complex for the correct condition was also found in the left centro-parieto-temporal area. CONCLUSIONS The neurophysiological findings indicated that the left centro-parieto-temporal area is the predominant region contributing to neural processing for tool-gesture incongruity in right-handers. The temporal dynamics of tool-gesture incongruity are: (1) firstly enhanced for recognizable tool-gesture using patterns, (2) and require a secondary reanalysis for further examination of the highly complicated visual structures of gestures and tools. The evidence from the tool-gesture incongruity indicated altered brain activities attributable to the N400 in relation to lexical and action semantics. The online interaction between gesture and tool processing provided minimal context violation or anticipation effect, which may explain the missing N400.
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Meade G, Lee B, Midgley KJ, Holcomb PJ, Emmorey K. Phonological and semantic priming in American Sign Language: N300 and N400 effects. Lang Cogn Neurosci 2018; 33:1092-1106. [PMID: 30662923 PMCID: PMC6335044 DOI: 10.1080/23273798.2018.1446543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the electrophysiological signatures of phonological and semantic priming in American Sign Language (ASL). Deaf signers made semantic relatedness judgments to pairs of ASL signs separated by a 1300 ms prime-target SOA. Phonologically related sign pairs shared two of three phonological parameters (handshape, location, and movement). Target signs preceded by phonologically related and semantically related prime signs elicited smaller negativities within the N300 and N400 windows than those preceded by unrelated primes. N300 effects, typically reported in studies of picture processing, are interpreted to reflect the mapping from the visual features of the signs to more abstract linguistic representations. N400 effects, consistent with rhyme priming effects in the spoken language literature, are taken to index lexico-semantic processes that appear to be largely modality independent. Together, these results highlight both the unique visual-manual nature of sign languages and the linguistic processing characteristics they share with spoken languages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Meade
- Joint Doctoral Program in Language and Communicative Disorders, San Diego State University and University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Brittany Lee
- Joint Doctoral Program in Language and Communicative Disorders, San Diego State University and University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Phillip J. Holcomb
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Karen Emmorey
- School of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
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Ding Y, Guo F, Zhang X, Qu Q, Liu W. Using event related potentials to identify a user's behavioural intention aroused by product form design. Appl Ergon 2016; 55:117-123. [PMID: 26995041 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2016.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The capacity of product form to arouse user's behavioural intention plays a decisive role in further user experience, even in purchase decision, while traditional methods rarely give a fully understanding of user experience evoked by product form, especially the feeling of anticipated use of product. Behavioural intention aroused by product form designs has not yet been investigated electrophysiologically. Hence event related potentials (ERPs) were applied to explore the process of behavioural intention when users browsed different smart phone form designs with brand and price not taken into account for mainly studying the brain activity evoked by variety of product forms. Smart phone pictures with different anticipated user experience were displayed with equiprobability randomly. Participants were asked to click the left mouse button when certain picture gave them a feeling of behavioural intention to interact with. The brain signal of each participant was recorded by Curry 7.0. The results show that pictures with an ability to arouse participants' behavioural intention for further experience can evoke enhanced N300 and LPPs (late positive potentials) in central-parietal, parietal and occipital regions. The scalp topography shows that central-parietal, parietal and occipital regions are more activated. The results indicate that the discrepancy of ERPs can reflect the neural activities of behavioural intention formed or not. Moreover, amplitude of ERPs occurred in corresponding brain areas can be used to measure user experience. The exploring of neural correlated with behavioural intention provide an accurate measurement method of user's perception and help marketers to know which product can arouse users' behavioural intention, maybe taken as an evaluating indicator of product design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ding
- School of Business Administration, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110167, PR China.
| | - Fu Guo
- School of Business Administration, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110167, PR China.
| | - Xuefeng Zhang
- School of Business Administration, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110167, PR China
| | - Qingxing Qu
- School of Business Administration, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110167, PR China
| | - Weilin Liu
- School of Business Administration, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110167, PR China
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18
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Abstract
Temporal contiguity between an action and corresponding auditory feedback is crucial to the perception of self-generated sound. However, the neural mechanisms underlying motor–auditory temporal integration are unclear. Here, we conducted four experiments with an oddball paradigm to examine the specific event-related potentials (ERPs) elicited by delayed auditory feedback for a self-generated action. The first experiment confirmed that a pitch-deviant auditory stimulus elicits mismatch negativity (MMN) and P300, both when it is generated passively and by the participant’s action. In our second and third experiments, we investigated the ERP components elicited by delayed auditory feedback for a self-generated action. We found that delayed auditory feedback elicited an enhancement of P2 (enhanced-P2) and a N300 component, which were apparently different from the MMN and P300 components observed in the first experiment. We further investigated the sensitivity of the enhanced-P2 and N300 to delay length in our fourth experiment. Strikingly, the amplitude of the N300 increased as a function of the delay length. Additionally, the N300 amplitude was significantly correlated with the conscious detection of the delay (the 50% detection point was around 200 ms), and hence reduction in the feeling of authorship of the sound (the sense of agency). In contrast, the enhanced-P2 was most prominent in short-delay (≤200 ms) conditions and diminished in long-delay conditions. Our results suggest that different neural mechanisms are employed for the processing of temporally deviant and pitch-deviant auditory feedback. Additionally, the temporal window for subjective motor–auditory integration is likely about 200 ms, as indicated by these auditory ERP components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Toida
- Department of Architecture, School of Science and Technology, Meiji UniversityKawasaki, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency, Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology (CREST)Saitama, Japan
| | - Kanako Ueno
- Department of Architecture, School of Science and Technology, Meiji UniversityKawasaki, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency, Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology (CREST)Saitama, Japan
| | - Sotaro Shimada
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology (CREST)Saitama, Japan; Department of Electronics and Bioinformatics, School of Science and Technology, Meiji UniversityKawasaki, Japan
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Cebolla AM, Petieau M, Cevallos C, Leroy A, Dan B, Cheron G. Long-Lasting Cortical Reorganization as the Result of Motor Imagery of Throwing a Ball in a Virtual Tennis Court. Front Psychol 2015; 6:1869. [PMID: 26648903 PMCID: PMC4664627 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to characterize the neural signature of a motor imagery (MI) task, the present study investigates for the first time the oscillation characteristics including both of the time-frequency measurements, event related spectral perturbation and intertrial coherence (ITC) underlying the variations in the temporal measurements (event related potentials, ERP) directly related to a MI task. We hypothesize that significant variations in both of the time-frequency measurements underlie the specific changes in the ERP directly related to MI. For the MI task, we chose a simple everyday task (throwing a tennis ball), that does not require any particular motor expertise, set within the controlled virtual reality scenario of a tennis court. When compared to the rest condition a consistent, long-lasting negative fronto-central ERP wave was accompanied by significant changes in both time frequency measurements suggesting long-lasting cortical activity reorganization. The ERP wave was characterized by two peaks at about 300 ms (N300) and 1000 ms (N1000). The N300 component was centrally localized on the scalp and was accompanied by significant phase consistency in the delta brain rhythms in the contralateral central scalp areas. The N1000 component spread wider centrally and was accompanied by a significant power decrease (or event related desynchronization) in low beta brain rhythms localized in fronto-precentral and parieto-occipital scalp areas and also by a significant power increase (or event related synchronization) in theta brain rhythms spreading fronto-centrally. During the transition from N300 to N1000, a contralateral alpha (mu) as well as post-central and parieto-theta rhythms occurred. The visual representation of movement formed in the minds of participants might underlie a top-down process from the fronto-central areas which is reflected by the amplitude changes observed in the fronto-central ERPs and by the significant phase synchrony in contralateral fronto-central delta and contralateral central mu to parietal theta presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Cebolla
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Petieau
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Carlos Cevallos
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Axelle Leroy
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bernard Dan
- Department of Neurology, Hopital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Guy Cheron
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles , Brussels, Belgium ; Haute École Condorcet , Charleroi, Belgium ; Laboratory of Electrophysiology, Université de Mons-Hainaut , Mons, Belgium
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20
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Chen G, Zhang L, Ding W, Zhou R, Xu P, Lu S, Sun L, Jiang Z, Li H, Li Y, Cui H. Event-related brain potential correlates of prospective memory in symptomatically remitted male patients with schizophrenia. Front Behav Neurosci 2015; 9:262. [PMID: 26483650 PMCID: PMC4588002 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Prospective memory (PM) refers to the ability to remember to perform intended actions in the future. Although PM deficits are a prominent impairment in schizophrenia, little is still known about the nature of PM in symptomatically remitted patients with schizophrenia. To address this issue, event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were recorded from 20 symptomatically remitted patients with schizophrenia and 20 healthy controls during an event-based PM paradigm. Behavioral results showed that symptomatically remitted patients with schizophrenia performed poorly on the PM task compared with healthy controls. On the neural level, the N300, a component of the ERPs related to PM cue detection, was reliable across these two groups, suggesting a degree of functional recovery of processes supporting cue detection in patients with symptomatically remitted schizophrenia. By contrast, the amplitude of the prospective positivity, a component of the ERPs related to PM intention retrieval, was significantly attenuated in symptomatically remitted schizophrenia patients relative to healthy controls. Furthermore, a significant positive correlation between the amplitude of the prospective positivity and accuracy on the PM task was found in those patients, indicating that patients’ poor performance on this task may result from the failure to recover PM cue-induced intention from memory. These results provide evidence for the existence of altered PM processing in patients with symptomatically remitted schizophrenia, which is characterized by a selective deficit in retrospective component (intention retrieval) of PM. Therefore, these findings shed new light on the neurophysiological processes underlying PM in schizophrenia patients during clinical remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Chen
- 215th Clinical Division, 406th Hospital of PLA Dalian, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- 215th Clinical Division, 406th Hospital of PLA Dalian, China
| | - Weiyan Ding
- 215th Clinical Division, 406th Hospital of PLA Dalian, China
| | - Renlai Zhou
- Department of Psychology, School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Nanjing University Nanjing, China ; The Research Center for Social and Behavioral Sciences of Jiangsu Provience Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Xu
- 215th Clinical Division, 406th Hospital of PLA Dalian, China
| | - Shan Lu
- 215th Clinical Division, 406th Hospital of PLA Dalian, China
| | - Li Sun
- 215th Clinical Division, 406th Hospital of PLA Dalian, China
| | - Zhongdong Jiang
- 215th Clinical Division, 406th Hospital of PLA Dalian, China
| | - Huiju Li
- The Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University Dalian, China
| | - Yansong Li
- Department of Psychology, School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Nanjing University Nanjing, China ; The Research Center for Social and Behavioral Sciences of Jiangsu Provience Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Cui
- Department of Medical Psychology, General Hospital of PLA Beijing, China
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21
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Meier B, Matter S, Baumann B, Walter S, Koenig T. From episodic to habitual prospective memory: ERP-evidence for a linear transition. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:489. [PMID: 25071519 PMCID: PMC4079104 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Performing a prospective memory task repeatedly changes the nature of the task from episodic to habitual. The goal of the present study was to investigate the neural basis of this transition. In two experiments, we contrasted event-related potentials (ERPs) evoked by correct responses to prospective memory targets in the first, more episodic part of the experiment with those of the second, more habitual part of the experiment. Specifically, we tested whether the early, middle, or late ERP-components, which are thought to reflect cue detection, retrieval of the intention, and post-retrieval processes, respectively, would be changed by routinely performing the prospective memory task. The results showed a differential ERP effect in the middle time window (450–650 ms post-stimulus). Source localization using low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography analysis suggests that the transition was accompanied by an increase of activation in the posterior parietal and occipital cortex. These findings indicate that habitual prospective memory involves retrieval processes guided more strongly by parietal brain structures. In brief, the study demonstrates that episodic and habitual prospective memory tasks recruit different brain areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beat Meier
- Institute of Psychology, Experimental Psychology and Neuropsychology, University of Bern Bern, Switzerland ; Center for Cognition, Learning and Memory, University of Bern Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sibylle Matter
- Institute of Psychology, Experimental Psychology and Neuropsychology, University of Bern Bern, Switzerland
| | - Brigitta Baumann
- Institute of Psychology, Experimental Psychology and Neuropsychology, University of Bern Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Walter
- Institute of Psychology, Experimental Psychology and Neuropsychology, University of Bern Bern, Switzerland ; Center for Cognition, Learning and Memory, University of Bern Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Koenig
- Center for Cognition, Learning and Memory, University of Bern Bern, Switzerland ; Department of Psychiatric Neurophysiology, University Hospital of Psychiatry Bern, Switzerland
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22
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Hasko S, Groth K, Bruder J, Bartling J, Schulte-Körne G. What does the brain of children with developmental dyslexia tell us about reading improvement? ERP evidence from an intervention study. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:441. [PMID: 25018723 PMCID: PMC4071643 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Intervention is key to managing developmental dyslexia (DD), but not all children with DD benefit from treatment. Some children improve (improvers, IMP), whereas others do not improve (non-improvers, NIMP). Neurobiological differences between IMP and NIMP have been suggested, but studies comparing IMP and NIMP in childhood are missing. The present study examined whether ERP patterns change with treatment and differ between IMP and NIMP. We investigated the ERPs of 28 children with DD and 25 control children (CON) while performing a phonological lexical decision (PLD) task before and after a 6-month intervention. After intervention children with DD were divided into IMP (n = 11) and NIMP (n = 17). In the PLD–task children were visually presented with words, pseudohomophones, pseudowords, and false fonts and had to decide whether the presented stimulus sounded like an existing German word or not. Prior to intervention IMP showed higher N300 amplitudes over fronto-temporal electrodes compared to NIMP and CON and N400 amplitudes were attenuated in both IMP and NIMP compared to CON. After intervention N300 amplitudes of IMP were comparable to those of CON and NIMP. This suggests that the N300, which has been related to phonological access of orthographic stimuli and integration of orthographic and phonological representations, might index a compensatory mechanism or precursor that facilitates reading improvement. The N400, which is thought to reflect grapheme-phoneme conversion or the access to the orthographic lexicon increased in IMP from pre to post and was comparable to CON after intervention. Correlations between N300 amplitudes pre, growth in reading ability and N400 amplitudes post indicated that higher N300 amplitudes might be important for reading improvement and increase in N400 amplitudes. The results suggest that children with DD, showing the same cognitive profile might differ regarding their neuronal profile which could further influence reading improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Hasko
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Munich Munich, Germany
| | - Katarina Groth
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Munich Munich, Germany
| | - Jennifer Bruder
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Munich Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Bartling
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Munich Munich, Germany
| | - Gerd Schulte-Körne
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Munich Munich, Germany
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23
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Shu IW, Onton JA, Prabhakar N, O'Connell RM, Simmons AN, Matthews SC. Combat veterans with PTSD after mild TBI exhibit greater ERPs from posterior-medial cortical areas while appraising facial features. J Affect Disord 2014; 155:234-40. [PMID: 24342149 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) worsens prognosis following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Combat personnel with histories of mTBI exhibit abnormal activation of distributed brain networks-including emotion processing and default mode networks. How developing PTSD further affects these abnormalities has not been directly examined. We recorded electroencephalography in combat veterans with histories of mTBI, but without active PTSD (mTBI only, n=16) and combat veterans who developed PTSD after mTBI (mTBI+PTSD, n=16)-during the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET), a validated test of empathy requiring emotional appraisal of facial features. Task-related event related potentials (ERPs) were identified, decomposed using independent component analysis (ICA) and localized anatomically using dipole modeling. We observed larger emotional face processing ERPs in veterans with mTBI+PTSD, including greater N300 negativity. Furthermore, greater N300 negativity correlated with greater PTSD severity, especially avoidance/numbing and hyperarousal symptom clusters. This correlation was dependent on contributions from the precuneus and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). Our results support a model where, in combat veterans with histories of mTBI, larger ERPs from over-active posterior-medial cortical areas may be specific to PTSD, and is likely related to negative self-referential activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Wei Shu
- VISN-22 Mental Illness, Research, Education and Clinical Center, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, #116A, San Diego, CA 92161, USA; Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, #116A, San Diego, CA 92161, USA.
| | - Julie A Onton
- Naval Health Research Center, 140 Sylvester Rd, Department 162, San Diego, CA 92106, USA
| | - Nitin Prabhakar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive #9116A, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ryan M O'Connell
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, #116A, San Diego, CA 92161, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive #9116A, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Alan N Simmons
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, #116A, San Diego, CA 92161, USA; Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, #116A, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Scott C Matthews
- VISN-22 Mental Illness, Research, Education and Clinical Center, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, #116A, San Diego, CA 92161, USA; Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, #116A, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
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24
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Abstract
The emotions displayed by others can be cues to predict their behavior. Happy expressions are usually linked to positive consequences, whereas angry faces are associated with probable negative outcomes. However, there are situations in which the expectations we generate do not hold. Here, control mechanisms must be put in place. We designed an interpersonal game in which participants received good or bad economic offers from several partners. A cue indicated whether the emotion of their partner could be trusted or not. Trustworthy partners with happy facial expressions were cooperative, and angry partners did not cooperate. Untrustworthy partners cooperated when their expression was angry and did not cooperate when they displayed a happy emotion. Event-Related Potential (ERP) results showed that executive attention already influenced the frontal N1. The brain initially processed emotional expressions regardless of their contextual meaning but by the N300, associated to affective evaluation, emotion was modulated by control mechanisms. Our results suggest a cascade of processing that starts with the instantiation of executive attention, continues by a default processing of emotional features and is then followed by an interaction between executive attention and emotional factors before decision-making and motor stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Ruz
- Dept. of Experimental Psychology, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
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