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Ramdeo KR, Rehsi RS, Foglia SD, Turco CV, Toepp SL, Nelson AJ. Experimental environment improves the reliability of short-latency afferent inhibition. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281867. [PMID: 36812217 PMCID: PMC9946256 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence indicates attention can alter afferent inhibition, a Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) evoked measure of cortical inhibition following somatosensory input. When peripheral nerve stimulation is delivered prior to TMS, a phenomenon known as afferent inhibition occurs. The latency between the peripheral nerve stimulation dictates the subtype of afferent inhibition evoked, either short latency afferent inhibition (SAI) or long latency afferent inhibition (LAI). While afferent inhibition is emerging as a valuable tool for clinical assessment of sensorimotor function, the reliability of the measure remains relatively low. Therefore, to improve the translation of afferent inhibition within and beyond the research lab, the reliability of the measure must be improved. Previous literature suggests that the focus of attention can modify the magnitude of afferent inhibition. As such, controlling the focus of attention may be one method to improve the reliability of afferent inhibition. In the present study, the magnitude and reliability of SAI and LAI was assessed under four conditions with varying attentional demands focused on the somatosensory input that evokes SAI and LAI circuits. Thirty individuals participated in four conditions; three conditions were identical in their physical parameters and varied only in the focus of directed attention (visual attend, tactile attend, non- directed attend) and one condition consisted of no external physical parameters (no stimulation). Reliability was measured by repeating conditions at three time points to assess intrasession and intersession reliability. Results indicate that the magnitude of SAI and LAI were not modulated by attention. However, the reliability of SAI demonstrated increased intrasession and intersession reliability compared to the no stimulation condition. The reliability of LAI was unaffected by the attention conditions. This research demonstrates the impact of attention/arousal on the reliability of afferent inhibition and has identified new parameters to inform the design of TMS research to improve reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ravjot S. Rehsi
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Stevie D. Foglia
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Claudia V. Turco
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Stephen L. Toepp
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Aimee J. Nelson
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- * E-mail:
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2
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Lacroix A, Proteau-Lemieux M, Côté S, Near J, Hui SC, Edden RA, Lippé S, Çaku A, Corbin F, Lepage JF. Multimodal assessment of the GABA system in patients with fragile-X syndrome and neurofibromatosis of type 1. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 174:105881. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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The effects of aerobic exercise and transcranial direct current stimulation on cognitive function in older adults with and without cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 81:101738. [PMID: 36162707 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aerobic exercise (AE) may slow age-related cognitive decline. However, such cognition-sparing effects are not uniform across cognitive domains and studies. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a form of non-invasive brain stimulation and is also emerging as a potential alternative to pharmaceutical therapies. Like AE, the effectiveness of tDCS is also inconsistent for reducing cognitive impairment in ageing. The unexplored possibility exists that pairing AE and tDCS could produce synergistic effects and reciprocally augment cognition-improving effects in older individuals with and without cognitive impairments. Previous research found such synergistic effects on cognition when cognitive training is paired with tDCS in older individuals with and without mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia. AIM The purpose of this systematic review with meta-analysis was to explore if pairing AE with tDCS could augment singular effects of AE and tDCS on global cognition (GC), working memory (WM) and executive function (EF) in older individuals with or without MCI and dementia. METHODS Using a PRISMA-based systematic review, we compiled studies that examined the effects of AE alone, tDCS alone, and AE and tDCS combined on cognitive function in older individuals with and without mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia. Using a PICOS approach, we systematically searched PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science searches up to December 2021, we focused on 'MoCA', 'MMSE', 'Mini-Cog' (measures) and 'cognition', 'cognitive function', 'cognitive', 'cognitive performance', 'executive function', 'executive process', 'attention', 'memory', 'memory performance' (outcome terms). We included only randomized controlled trials (RTC) in humans if available in English full text over the past 20 years, with participants' age over 60. We assessed the methodological quality of the included studies (RTC) by the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. RESULTS Overall, 68 studies were included in the meta-analyses. AE (ES = 0.56 [95% CI: 0.28-0.83], p = 0.01) and tDCS (ES = 0.69 [95% CI: 0.12-1.26], p = 0.02) improved GC in all three groups of older adults combined (healthy, MCI, demented). In healthy population, AE improved GC (ES = 0.46 [95% CI: 0.22-0.69], p = 0.01) and EF (ES = 0.27 [95% CI: 0.05-0.49], p = 0.02). AE improved GC in older adults with MCI (ES = 0.76 [95% CI: 0.21-1.32], p = 0.01). tDCS improved GC (ES = 0.69 [90% CI: 0.12-1.26], p = 0.02), all three cognitive function (GC, WM and EF) combined in older adults with dementia (ES = 1.12 [95% CI: 0.04-2.19], p = 0.04) and improved cognitive function in older adults overall (ES = 0.69 [95% CI: 0.20-1,18], p = 0.01). CONCLUSION Our systematic review with meta-analysis provided evidence that beyond the cardiovascular and fitness benefits of AE, pairing AE with tDCS may have the potential to slow symptom progression of cognitive decline in MCI and dementia. Future studies will examine the hypothesis of this present review that a potentiating effect would incrementally improve cognition with increasing severity of cognitive impairment.
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Siebner HR, Funke K, Aberra AS, Antal A, Bestmann S, Chen R, Classen J, Davare M, Di Lazzaro V, Fox PT, Hallett M, Karabanov AN, Kesselheim J, Beck MM, Koch G, Liebetanz D, Meunier S, Miniussi C, Paulus W, Peterchev AV, Popa T, Ridding MC, Thielscher A, Ziemann U, Rothwell JC, Ugawa Y. Transcranial magnetic stimulation of the brain: What is stimulated? - A consensus and critical position paper. Clin Neurophysiol 2022; 140:59-97. [PMID: 35738037 PMCID: PMC9753778 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2022.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Transcranial (electro)magnetic stimulation (TMS) is currently the method of choice to non-invasively induce neural activity in the human brain. A single transcranial stimulus induces a time-varying electric field in the brain that may evoke action potentials in cortical neurons. The spatial relationship between the locally induced electric field and the stimulated neurons determines axonal depolarization. The induced electric field is influenced by the conductive properties of the tissue compartments and is strongest in the superficial parts of the targeted cortical gyri and underlying white matter. TMS likely targets axons of both excitatory and inhibitory neurons. The propensity of individual axons to fire an action potential in response to TMS depends on their geometry, myelination and spatial relation to the imposed electric field and the physiological state of the neuron. The latter is determined by its transsynaptic dendritic and somatic inputs, intrinsic membrane potential and firing rate. Modeling work suggests that the primary target of TMS is axonal terminals in the crown top and lip regions of cortical gyri. The induced electric field may additionally excite bends of myelinated axons in the juxtacortical white matter below the gyral crown. Neuronal excitation spreads ortho- and antidromically along the stimulated axons and causes secondary excitation of connected neuronal populations within local intracortical microcircuits in the target area. Axonal and transsynaptic spread of excitation also occurs along cortico-cortical and cortico-subcortical connections, impacting on neuronal activity in the targeted network. Both local and remote neural excitation depend critically on the functional state of the stimulated target area and network. TMS also causes substantial direct co-stimulation of the peripheral nervous system. Peripheral co-excitation propagates centrally in auditory and somatosensory networks, but also produces brain responses in other networks subserving multisensory integration, orienting or arousal. The complexity of the response to TMS warrants cautious interpretation of its physiological and behavioural consequences, and a deeper understanding of the mechanistic underpinnings of TMS will be critical for advancing it as a scientific and therapeutic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hartwig R Siebner
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Klaus Funke
- Department of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Aman S Aberra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Andrea Antal
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sven Bestmann
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Chen
- Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network and Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph Classen
- Department of Neurology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marco Davare
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vincenzo Di Lazzaro
- Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology, Neurobiology, Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Peter T Fox
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Mark Hallett
- Human Motor Control Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anke N Karabanov
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark; Department of Nutrition and Exercise, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Janine Kesselheim
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Mikkel M Beck
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Giacomo Koch
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Non-invasive Brain Stimulation Unit, Laboratorio di NeurologiaClinica e Comportamentale, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - David Liebetanz
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sabine Meunier
- Sorbonne Université, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U 1127, CNRS 4 UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Carlo Miniussi
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences (CIMeC), University of Trento, Italy; Cognitive Neuroscience Section, IRCCS Centro San Giovanni di DioFatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Walter Paulus
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Angel V Peterchev
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Traian Popa
- Center for Neuroprosthetics (CNP) and Brain Mind Institute (BMI), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland; Center for Neuroprosthetics (CNP) and Brain Mind Institute (BMI), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL Valais), Clinique Romande de Réadaptation, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Michael C Ridding
- University of South Australia, IIMPACT in Health, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Axel Thielscher
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark; Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ulf Ziemann
- Department of Neurology & Stroke, University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - John C Rothwell
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yoshikazu Ugawa
- Department of Neurology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan; Fukushima Global Medical Science Centre, Advanced Clinical Research Centre, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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Bonnesen MT, Fuglsang SA, Siebner HR, Christiansen L. The recent history of afferent stimulation modulates corticospinal excitability. Neuroimage 2022; 258:119365. [PMID: 35690256 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is widely used to probe corticospinal excitability and fast sensorimotor integration in the primary motor hand area (M1-HAND). A conditioning electrical stimulus, applied to the contralateral hand, can suppress the motor evoked potential (MEP) elicited by TMS of M1-HAND when the afferent stimulus arrives in M1-HAND at the time of TMS. The magnitude of this short-latency afferent inhibition (SAI) is expressed as the ratio between the conditioned and unconditioned MEP amplitude. OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS We hypothesized that corticospinal excitability and SAI are influenced by the recent history of peripheral electrical stimulation. METHODS In twenty healthy participants, we recorded MEPs from the right first dorsal interosseus muscle. MEPs were evoked by single-pulse TMS of the left M1-HAND alone (unconditioned TMS) or by TMS preceded by electrical stimulation of the right index finger ("homotopic" conditioning) or little finger ("heterotopic" conditioning). The three conditions were either pseudo-randomly intermixed or delivered in blocks in which a single condition was repeated five or ten times. MEP amplitudes and SAI magnitudes were compared using linear mixed-effect models and one-way ANOVAs. RESULTS All stimulation protocols consistently produced SAI, which was stronger after homotopic stimulation. Randomly intermingling the three stimulation conditions reduced the relative magnitude of homotopic and heterotopic SAI as opposed to blocked stimulation. The apparent attenuation of SAI was caused by a suppression of the unconditioned but not the conditioned MEP amplitude during the randomly intermixed pattern. CONCLUSION(S) The recent history of afferent stimulation modulates corticospinal excitability. This "history effect" impacts on the relative magnitude of SAI depending on how conditioned and unconditioned responses are intermixed and needs to be taken into consideration when probing afferent inhibition and corticospinal excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Trolle Bonnesen
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Søren Asp Fuglsang
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Hartwig Roman Siebner
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lasse Christiansen
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark.
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6
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Chou YH, Sundman M, Ton That V, Green J, Trapani C. Cortical excitability and plasticity in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis of transcranial magnetic stimulation studies. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 79:101660. [PMID: 35680080 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique. When stimulation is applied over the primary motor cortex and coupled with electromyography measures, TMS can probe functions of cortical excitability and plasticity in vivo. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the utility of TMS-derived measures for differentiating patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) from cognitively normal older adults (CN). METHODS Databases searched included PubMed, Embase, APA PsycInfo, Medline, and CINAHL Plus from inception to July 2021. RESULTS Sixty-one studies with a total of 2728 participants (1454 patients with AD, 163 patients with MCI, and 1111 CN) were included. Patients with AD showed significantly higher cortical excitability, lower cortical inhibition, and impaired cortical plasticity compared to the CN cohorts. Patients with MCI exhibited increased cortical excitability and reduced plasticity compared to the CN cohort. Additionally, lower cognitive performance was significantly associated with higher cortical excitability and lower inhibition. No seizure events due to TMS were reported, and the mild adverse response rate is approximately 3/1000 (i.e., 9/2728). CONCLUSIONS Findings of our meta-analysis demonstrate the potential of using TMS-derived cortical excitability and plasticity measures as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for AD and MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hui Chou
- Brain Imaging and TMS Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA; Evelyn F McKnight Brain Institute, Arizona Center on Aging, and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA.
| | - Mark Sundman
- Brain Imaging and TMS Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Viet Ton That
- Brain Imaging and TMS Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Jacob Green
- Brain Imaging and TMS Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Chrisopher Trapani
- Brain Imaging and TMS Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
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Tian D, Izumi SI. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Neocortical Neurons: The Micro-Macro Connection. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:866245. [PMID: 35495053 PMCID: PMC9039343 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.866245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the operation of cortical circuits is an important and necessary task in both neuroscience and neurorehabilitation. The functioning of the neocortex results from integrative neuronal activity, which can be probed non-invasively by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Despite a clear indication of the direct involvement of cortical neurons in TMS, no explicit connection model has been made between the microscopic neuronal landscape and the macroscopic TMS outcome. Here we have performed an integrative review of multidisciplinary evidence regarding motor cortex neurocytology and TMS-related neurophysiology with the aim of elucidating the micro–macro connections underlying TMS. Neurocytological evidence from animal and human studies has been reviewed to describe the landscape of the cortical neurons covering the taxonomy, morphology, circuit wiring, and excitatory–inhibitory balance. Evidence from TMS studies in healthy humans is discussed, with emphasis on the TMS pulse and paradigm selectivity that reflect the underlying neural circuitry constitution. As a result, we propose a preliminary neuronal model of the human motor cortex and then link the TMS mechanisms with the neuronal model by stimulus intensity, direction of induced current, and paired-pulse timing. As TMS bears great developmental potential for both a probe and modulator of neural network activity and neurotransmission, the connection model will act as a foundation for future combined studies of neurocytology and neurophysiology, as well as the technical advances and application of TMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongting Tian
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tohoku University Graduates School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- *Correspondence: Dongting Tian,
| | - Shin-Ichi Izumi
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tohoku University Graduates School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Shin-Ichi Izumi,
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8
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Kojima S, Miyaguchi S, Yokota H, Saito K, Inukai Y, Otsuru N, Onishi H. The Number or Type of Stimuli Used for Somatosensory Stimulation Affected the Modulation of Corticospinal Excitability. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11111494. [PMID: 34827493 PMCID: PMC8615945 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11111494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) a few milliseconds after this cortical activity following electrical stimulation (ES) result in an inhibition comparable to that by TMS alone; this is called short-latency afferent inhibition (SAI). Cortical activity is observed after mechanical tactile stimulation (MS) and is affected by the number of stimuli by ES. We determined the effects of somatosensory stimulus methods and multiple conditioning stimuli on SAI in 19 participants. In experiment 1, the interstimulus intervals between the conditioning stimulation and TMS were 25, 27 and 29 ms for ES and 28, 30 and 32 ms for MS. In experiment 2, we used 1, 2, 3 and 4 conditioning stimulations of ES and MS. The interstimulus interval between the ES or MS and TMS was 27 or 30 ms, respectively. In experiment 1, MEPs were significantly decreased in both the ES and MS conditions. In experiment 2, MEPs after ES were significantly decreased in all conditions. Conversely, MEPs after MS were significantly decreased after one stimulus and increased after four stimulations, indicating the SAI according to the number of stimuli. Therefore, the somatosensory stimulus methods and multiple conditioning stimuli affected the SAI.
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Caux-Dedeystère A, Allart E, Morel P, Kreisler A, Derambure P, Devanne H. Late cortical disinhibition in focal hand dystonia. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 54:4712-4720. [PMID: 34061422 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In writer's cramp (WC), a form of focal hand dystonia, cortical GABAergic inhibitory mechanisms are altered and may cause involuntary tonic contractions while writing. The objective of this study was to explore the time course of long-interval intracortical inhibition (LICI) that involves gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA)-B transmission and late cortical disinhibition (LCD) (that combines GABA-A and GABA-B mechanisms) in patients with WC and in control subjects. A double pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation protocol was used to evoke LICI and LCD while the subjects either gripped a cylinder between their thumb and index fingers or relaxed all their upper limb muscles. We measured the ratio between primed and unprimed motor evoked potential in the first dorsal interosseous at interstimulus intervals ranging between 60 and 300 ms. Though the cortical silent period was not different between the groups, LICI lasted longer in patients with WC, that is, LCD was delayed for more than 30 ms and reached a higher level. In addition to the alteration of inhibitory mechanism mediated by GABA-B transmission, LCD which probably involves presynaptic inhibition is also modified in patients with WC with possible consequences on the activity of primary motor cortex inhibitory and excitatory circuits which control the hand muscles.caus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Caux-Dedeystère
- ULR 7369 - URePSSS - Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société, Univ Littoral Côte d'Opale, Univ Lille, Univ Artois, Calais, France
| | - Etienne Allart
- Rééducation Neurologique Cérébrolésion, CHU de Lille, Hôpital Pierre Swynghedauw, Lille, France.,univ Lille, UMR-S-1172 lilncog, Lille, France
| | - Pierre Morel
- ULR 7369 - URePSSS - Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société, Univ Littoral Côte d'Opale, Univ Lille, Univ Artois, Calais, France
| | - Alexandre Kreisler
- Neurologie & Pathologie du Mouvement, CHU de Lille, Hôpital Roger Salengro, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Derambure
- univ Lille, UMR-S-1172 lilncog, Lille, France.,Neurophysiologie Clinique, CHU de Lille, Hôpital Roger Salengro, Lille, France
| | - Hervé Devanne
- ULR 7369 - URePSSS - Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société, Univ Littoral Côte d'Opale, Univ Lille, Univ Artois, Calais, France.,Neurophysiologie Clinique, CHU de Lille, Hôpital Roger Salengro, Lille, France
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10
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Turco CV, Toepp SL, Foglia SD, Dans PW, Nelson AJ. Association of short- and long-latency afferent inhibition with human behavior. Clin Neurophysiol 2021; 132:1462-1480. [PMID: 34030051 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2021.02.402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) paired with nerve stimulation evokes short-latency afferent inhibition (SAI) and long-latency afferent inhibition (LAI), which are non-invasive assessments of the excitability of the sensorimotor system. SAI and LAI are abnormally reduced in various special populations in comparison to healthy controls. However, the relationship between afferent inhibition and human behavior remains unclear. The purpose of this review is to survey the current literature and synthesize observations and patterns that affect the interpretation of SAI and LAI in the context of human behavior. We discuss human behaviour across the motor and cognitive domains, and in special and control populations. Further, we discuss future considerations for research in this field and the potential for clinical applications. By understanding how human behavior is mediated by changes in SAI and LAI, this can allow us to better understand the neurophysiological underpinnings of human motor control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia V Turco
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
| | - Stephen L Toepp
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
| | - Stevie D Foglia
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
| | - Patrick W Dans
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
| | - Aimee J Nelson
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
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Brem AK, Di Iorio R, Fried PJ, Oliveira-Maia AJ, Marra C, Profice P, Quaranta D, Schilberg L, Atkinson NJ, Seligson EE, Rossini PM, Pascual-Leone A. Corticomotor Plasticity Predicts Clinical Efficacy of Combined Neuromodulation and Cognitive Training in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:200. [PMID: 32733232 PMCID: PMC7360860 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) combined with cognitive training for treatment of cognitive symptoms in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). A secondary objective was to analyze associations between brain plasticity and cognitive effects of treatment. METHODS In this randomized, sham-controlled, multicenter clinical trial, 34 patients with AD were assigned to three experimental groups receiving 30 daily sessions of combinatory intervention. Participants in the real/real group (n = 16) received 10 Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) delivered separately to each of six cortical regions, interleaved with computerized cognitive training. Participants in the sham rTMS group (n = 18) received sham rTMS combined with either real (sham/real group, n = 10) or sham (sham/sham group, n = 8) cognitive training. Effects of treatment on neuropsychological (primary outcome) and neurophysiological function were compared between the 3 treatment groups. These, as well as imaging measures of brain atrophy, were compared at baseline to 14 healthy controls (HC). RESULTS At baseline, patients with AD had worse cognition, cerebral atrophy, and TMS measures of cortico-motor reactivity, excitability, and plasticity than HC. The real/real group showed significant cognitive improvement compared to the sham/sham, but not the real/sham group. TMS-induced plasticity at baseline was predictive of post-intervention changes in cognition, and was modified across treatment, in association with changes of cognition. INTERPRETATION Combined rTMS and cognitive training may improve the cognitive status of AD patients, with TMS-induced cortical plasticity at baseline serving as predictor of therapeutic outcome for this intervention, and potential mechanism of action. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT01504958.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Katharine Brem
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Division of Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Riccardo Di Iorio
- Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopaedics, Polyclinic A. Gemelli Foundation-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Peter J. Fried
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Division of Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Albino J. Oliveira-Maia
- Champalimaud Research and Clinical Centre, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Lisbon, Portugal
- NOVA Medical School – Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Lisboa, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Camillo Marra
- Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopaedics, Polyclinic A. Gemelli Foundation-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Profice
- Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopaedics, Polyclinic A. Gemelli Foundation-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Quaranta
- Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopaedics, Polyclinic A. Gemelli Foundation-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Lukas Schilberg
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Division of Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Natasha J. Atkinson
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Division of Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Erica E. Seligson
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Division of Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Paolo Maria Rossini
- Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS San Raffaele, Rome, Italy
| | - Alvaro Pascual-Leone
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research and Center for Memory Health, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Guttmann Brain Health Institut, Institut Guttmann, Universitat Autonoma Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Coppola G, Di Lenola D, Abagnale C, Ferrandes F, Sebastianelli G, Casillo F, Di Lorenzo C, Serrao M, Evangelista M, Schoenen J, Pierelli F. Short-latency afferent inhibition and somato-sensory evoked potentials during the migraine cycle: surrogate markers of a cycling cholinergic thalamo-cortical drive? J Headache Pain 2020; 21:34. [PMID: 32299338 PMCID: PMC7164277 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-020-01104-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Short-latency afferent inhibition (SAI) consists of motor cortex inhibition induced by sensory afferents and depends on the excitatory effect of cholinergic thalamocortical projections on inhibitory GABAergic cortical networks. Given the electrophysiological evidence for thalamo-cortical dysrhythmia in migraine, we studied SAI in migraineurs during and between attacks and searched for correlations with somatosensory habituation, thalamocortical activation, and clinical features. Methods SAI was obtained by conditioning the transcranial magnetic stimulation-induced motor evoked potential (MEP) with an electric stimulus on the median nerve at the wrist with random stimulus intervals corresponding to the latency of individual somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP) N20 plus 2, 4, 6, or 8 ms. We recruited 30 migraine without aura patients, 16 between (MO), 14 during an attack (MI), and 16 healthy volunteers (HV). We calculated the slope of the linear regression between the unconditioned MEP amplitude and the 4-conditioned MEPs as a measure of SAI. We also measured SSEP amplitude habituation, and high-frequency oscillations (HFO) as an index of thalamo-cortical activation. Results Compared to HV, SAI, SSEP habituation and early SSEP HFOs were significantly reduced in MO patients between attacks, but enhanced during an attack. There was a positive correlation between degree of SAI and amplitude of early HFOs in HV, but not in MO or MI. Conclusions The migraine cycle-dependent variations of SAI and SSEP HFOs are further evidence that facilitatory thalamocortical activation (of GABAergic networks in the motor cortex for SAI), likely to be cholinergic, is reduced in migraine between attacks, but increased ictally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Coppola
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome Polo Pontino, Corso della Repubblica 79, 04100, Latina, Italy.
| | - Davide Di Lenola
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome Polo Pontino, Corso della Repubblica 79, 04100, Latina, Italy
| | - Chiara Abagnale
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome Polo Pontino, Corso della Repubblica 79, 04100, Latina, Italy
| | - Fabio Ferrandes
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome Polo Pontino, Corso della Repubblica 79, 04100, Latina, Italy
| | - Gabriele Sebastianelli
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome Polo Pontino, Corso della Repubblica 79, 04100, Latina, Italy
| | - Francesco Casillo
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome Polo Pontino, Corso della Repubblica 79, 04100, Latina, Italy
| | - Cherubino Di Lorenzo
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome Polo Pontino, Corso della Repubblica 79, 04100, Latina, Italy
| | - Mariano Serrao
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome Polo Pontino, Corso della Repubblica 79, 04100, Latina, Italy
| | - Maurizio Evangelista
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore/CIC, Istituto di Anestesiologia, Rianimazione e Terapia del Dolore, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Jean Schoenen
- Headache Research Unit, University Department of Neurology CHR, Citadelle Hospital. University of Liège, Boulevard du Douzième de Ligne 1, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Francesco Pierelli
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome Polo Pontino, Corso della Repubblica 79, 04100, Latina, Italy.,IRCCS - Neuromed, via Atinense, 18, 86077, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
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13
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Mirdamadi JL, Block HJ. Somatosensory changes associated with motor skill learning. J Neurophysiol 2020; 123:1052-1062. [DOI: 10.1152/jn.00497.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Trial-and-error motor adaptation has been linked to somatosensory plasticity and shifts in proprioception (limb position sense). The role of sensory processing in motor skill learning is less understood. Unlike adaptation, skill learning involves the acquisition of new movement patterns in the absence of perturbation, with performance limited by the speed-accuracy trade-off. We investigated somatosensory changes during motor skill learning at the behavioral and neurophysiological levels. Twenty-eight healthy young adults practiced a maze-tracing task, guiding a robotic manipulandum through an irregular two-dimensional track featuring several abrupt turns. Practice occurred on days 1 and 2. Skill was assessed before practice on day 1 and again on day 3, with learning indicated by a shift in the speed-accuracy function between these assessments. Proprioceptive function was quantified with a passive two-alternative forced-choice task. In a subset of 15 participants, we measured short-latency afferent inhibition (SAI) to index somatosensory projections to motor cortex. We found that motor practice enhanced the speed-accuracy skill function ( F4,108 = 32.15, P < 0.001) and was associated with improved proprioceptive sensitivity at retention ( t22 = 24.75, P = 0.0031). Furthermore, SAI increased after training ( F1,14 = 5.41, P = 0.036). Interestingly, individuals with larger increases in SAI, reflecting enhanced somatosensory afference to motor cortex, demonstrated larger improvements in motor skill learning. These findings suggest that SAI may be an important functional mechanism for some aspect of motor skill learning. Further research is needed to test what parameters (task complexity, practice time, etc.) are specifically linked to somatosensory function. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Somatosensory processing has been implicated in motor adaptation, where performance recovers from a perturbation such as a force field. We investigated somatosensory function during motor skill learning, where a new motor pattern is acquired in the absence of perturbation. After skill practice, we found changes in proprioception and short-latency afferent inhibition (SAI), signifying somatosensory change at both the behavioral and neurophysiological levels. SAI may be an important functional mechanism by which individuals learn motor skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine L. Mirdamadi
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
- Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Hannah J. Block
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
- Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
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Martin-Rodriguez JF, Mir P. Short-afferent inhibition and cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease: A quantitative review and challenges. Neurosci Lett 2020; 719:133679. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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15
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Sato D, Yamashiro K, Yamazaki Y, Ikarashi K, Onishi H, Baba Y, Maruyama A. Priming Effects of Water Immersion on Paired Associative Stimulation-Induced Neural Plasticity in the Primary Motor Cortex. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 17:ijerph17010215. [PMID: 31892253 PMCID: PMC6982345 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17010215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to verify whether indirect-wave (I-wave) recruitment and cortical inhibition can regulate or predict the plastic response to paired associative stimulation with an inter-stimulus interval of 25 ms (PAS25), and also whether water immersion (WI) can facilitate the subsequent PAS25-induced plasticity. To address the first question, we applied transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to the M1 hand area, while alternating the direction of the induced current between posterior-to-anterior and anterior-to-posterior to activate two independent synaptic inputs to the corticospinal neurons. Moreover, we used a paired stimulation paradigm to evaluate the short-latency afferent inhibition (SAI) and short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI). To address the second question, we examined the motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitudes before and after PAS25, with and without WI, and used the SAI, SICI, and MEP recruitment curves to determine the mechanism underlying priming by WI on PAS25. We demonstrated that SAI, with an inter-stimulus interval of 25 ms, might serve as a predictor of the response to PAS25, whereas I-wave recruitment evaluated by the MEP latency difference was not predictive of the PAS25 response, and found that 15 min WI prior to PAS25 facilitated long-term potentiation (LTP)-like plasticity due to a homeostatic increase in cholinergic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Sato
- Department of Health and Sports, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Shimamicho 1398, Kita-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-3198, Japan; (K.Y.); (Y.B.)
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Science, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Shimamicho 1398, Kita-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-3198, Japan; (Y.Y.); (K.I.); (H.O.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Koya Yamashiro
- Department of Health and Sports, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Shimamicho 1398, Kita-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-3198, Japan; (K.Y.); (Y.B.)
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Science, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Shimamicho 1398, Kita-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-3198, Japan; (Y.Y.); (K.I.); (H.O.)
| | - Yudai Yamazaki
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Science, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Shimamicho 1398, Kita-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-3198, Japan; (Y.Y.); (K.I.); (H.O.)
- Graduate School, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Shimamicho 1398, Kita-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-3198, Japan
| | - Koyuki Ikarashi
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Science, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Shimamicho 1398, Kita-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-3198, Japan; (Y.Y.); (K.I.); (H.O.)
- Graduate School, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Shimamicho 1398, Kita-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-3198, Japan
| | - Hideaki Onishi
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Science, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Shimamicho 1398, Kita-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-3198, Japan; (Y.Y.); (K.I.); (H.O.)
| | - Yasuhiro Baba
- Department of Health and Sports, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Shimamicho 1398, Kita-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-3198, Japan; (K.Y.); (Y.B.)
| | - Atsuo Maruyama
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kagoshima University, Sakuragaoka 8-35-1, Kagoshima City, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan;
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16
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Reliability of transcranial magnetic stimulation measures of afferent inhibition. Brain Res 2019; 1723:146394. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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17
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Brown MJ, Weissbach A, Pauly MG, Vesia M, Gunraj C, Baarbé J, Münchau A, Bäumer T, Chen R. Somatosensory-motor cortex interactions measured using dual-site transcranial magnetic stimulation. Brain Stimul 2019; 12:1229-1243. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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18
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Meng HJ, Cao N, Lin YT, Liu K, Zhang J, Pi YL. Motor learning enhanced by combined motor imagery and noninvasive brain stimulation is associated with reduced short-interval intracortical inhibition. Brain Behav 2019; 9:e01252. [PMID: 30884212 PMCID: PMC6456775 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Motor imagery (MI) improves motor skill learning, which is further enhanced when MI is paired with primary motor cortex transcranial brain stimulation or with electrical stimulation of the peripheral median nerve. Applying both stimulation types (here with 25 ms intervals) is called paired associative stimulation (PAS25). The final primary motor cortex output is determined by combined excitatory and intracortical inhibitory circuits, and reducing the latter is associated with enhanced synaptic transmission and efficacy. Indeed, short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) inhibits motor evoked potentials (MEPs), and motor learning has been associated with decreased SICI and increased cortical excitability. Here, we investigated whether cortical excitability and SICI are altered by PAS25 applied after MI-induced modulation of motor learning. METHODS Peak acceleration of a hand-grasping movement and MEPs and SICI were measured before and after MI alone, PAS25 alone, and MI followed by PAS25 in 16 healthy participants to evaluate changes in motor learning, corticospinal excitability, and intracortical inhibition. RESULTS After PAS25 alone, MEP amplitude increased while peak acceleration was unchanged. However, PAS25 applied following MI not only significantly enhanced both peak acceleration (p = 0.011) and MEP amplitude (p = 0.004) but also decreased SICI (p = 0.011). Moreover, we found that this decrease in SICI was significantly correlated with both the peak acceleration (r = 0.49, p = 0.029) and the MEP amplitude (r = 0.56, p = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that brain function altered by PAS25 of the motor cortex enhances MI-induced motor learning and corticospinal excitability and decreases SICI, suggesting that SICI underlies, at least in part, PAS25 modulation of motor learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Jiang Meng
- School of Sports, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, China.,School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Cao
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Tong Lin
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Shanghai Punan Hospital of Pudong New District, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Ling Pi
- Shanghai Punan Hospital of Pudong New District, Shanghai, China
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19
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Short-latency afferent-induced facilitation and inhibition as predictors of thermally induced variations in corticomotor excitability. Exp Brain Res 2019; 237:1445-1455. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-019-05522-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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20
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Turco CV, El-Sayes J, Savoie MJ, Fassett HJ, Locke MB, Nelson AJ. Short- and long-latency afferent inhibition; uses, mechanisms and influencing factors. Brain Stimul 2018; 11:59-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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21
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Pharmacological Manipulation of Cortical Inhibition in the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:354-361. [PMID: 28553835 PMCID: PMC5729552 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2017.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cortical inhibition (CI) occurs largely through GABA receptor-mediated inhibitory neurotransmission, which can be modulated by cholinergic, dopaminergic, and glutamatergic inputs. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can be used to index CI through a paradigm known as long-interval CI (LICI). When TMS is combined with electroencephalography (EEG), LICI can index GABA receptor-mediated inhibitory neurotransmission in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). We conducted a hypothesis-driven pharmacological study to assess the role of cholinergic, dopaminergic, GABAergic, and glutamatergic neurotransmission on LICI from the DLPFC using TMS-EEG. In this randomized controlled, double-blind crossover within-subject study, 12 healthy participants received five sessions of LICI to the DLPFC in a random order, each preceded by the administration of placebo or one of the four active drugs. LICI was assessed after each drug administration and compared to LICI after placebo. Relative to placebo, baclofen resulted in a significant increase in LICI, while rivastigmine resulted in a significant decrease in LICI. Dextromethorphan and L-DOPA did not result in a significant change in LICI relative to placebo. Our study confirms that LICI in the DLPFC is largely mediated by GABAB receptor-mediated inhibitory neurotransmission and also suggests that cholinergic modulation decreases LICI in the DLPFC. Such findings may help guide future work examining the neurophysiological impact of these neurotransmitters in healthy and diseased states.
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Matur Z, Öge AE. Sensorimotor Integration During Motor Learning: Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 54:358-363. [PMID: 29321712 DOI: 10.5152/npa.2016.18056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The effect of sensory signals coming from skin and muscle afferents on the sensorimotor cortical networks is entitled as sensory-motor integration (SMI). SMI can be studied electrophysiologically by the motor cortex excitability changes in response to peripheral sensory stimulation. These changes include the periods of short afferent inhibition (SAI), afferent facilitation (AF), and late afferent inhibition (LAI). During the early period of motor skill acquisition, motor cortex excitability increases and changes occur in the area covered by the relevant zone of the motor cortex. In the late period, these give place to the morphological changes, such as synaptogenesis. SAI decreases during learning the motor skills, while LAI increases during motor activity. In this review, the role of SMI in the process of motor learning and transcranial magnetic stimulation techniques performed for studying SMI is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeliha Matur
- Department of Neurology, İstanbul Bilim University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - A Emre Öge
- Department of Neurology, İstanbul University İstanbul School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
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Modulation of short-latency afferent inhibition and short-interval intracortical inhibition by test stimulus intensity and motor-evoked potential amplitude. Neuroreport 2017; 28:1202-1207. [DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000000896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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24
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Huang YZ, Lu MK, Antal A, Classen J, Nitsche M, Ziemann U, Ridding M, Hamada M, Ugawa Y, Jaberzadeh S, Suppa A, Paulus W, Rothwell J. Plasticity induced by non-invasive transcranial brain stimulation: A position paper. Clin Neurophysiol 2017; 128:2318-2329. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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25
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Dubbioso R, Raffin E, Karabanov A, Thielscher A, Siebner HR. Centre-surround organization of fast sensorimotor integration in human motor hand area. Neuroimage 2017; 158:37-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Miyaguchi S, Kojima S, Sasaki R, Kotan S, Kirimoto H, Tamaki H, Onishi H. Decrease in short-latency afferent inhibition during corticomotor postexercise depression following repetitive finger movement. Brain Behav 2017; 7:e00744. [PMID: 28729946 PMCID: PMC5516614 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to clarify cortical circuit mechanisms contributing to corticomotor excitability during postexercise depression (PED) following repetitive nonfatiguing movement. We investigated changes in short-latency afferent inhibition (SAI) and short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) by paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) during PED. METHODS A total of 16 healthy subjects performed repetitive abduction movements of the right index finger at 2.0 Hz for 6 min at 10% maximum voluntary contraction. We measured SAI evoked by pairing ulnar nerve stimulation with TMS (interstimulus interval, 22 ms) before and during PED (n = 10, experiment 1). We also measured SICI evoked by paired TMS (interstimulus interval, 2 ms) at 80% resting motor threshold (n = 10, experiment 2), and at 80% active motor threshold (n = 8, experiment 3) before and during PED. RESULTS Single motor evoked potential amplitude significantly decreased 1-2 min after the movement task in all experiments, indicating reliable PED induction. In experiment 1, SAI significantly decreased (disinhibited) 1-2 min during PED, whereas in experiments 2 and 3, SICI showed no significant change during PED. CONCLUSION This study suggests that cholinergic inhibitory circuit activity decreases during PED following repetitive nonfatiguing movement, whereas GABAA circuit activity remains stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Miyaguchi
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences Niigata University of Health and Welfare Niigata Japan
| | - Sho Kojima
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences Niigata University of Health and Welfare Niigata Japan
| | - Ryoki Sasaki
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences Niigata University of Health and Welfare Niigata Japan
| | - Shinichi Kotan
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences Niigata University of Health and Welfare Niigata Japan
| | - Hikari Kirimoto
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences Niigata University of Health and Welfare Niigata Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tamaki
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences Niigata University of Health and Welfare Niigata Japan
| | - Hideaki Onishi
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences Niigata University of Health and Welfare Niigata Japan
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Effect of Experimental Cutaneous Hand Pain on Corticospinal Excitability and Short Afferent Inhibition. Brain Sci 2016; 6:brainsci6040045. [PMID: 27690117 PMCID: PMC5187559 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci6040045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensorimotor integration is altered in people with chronic pain. While there is substantial evidence that pain interferes with neural activity in primary sensory and motor cortices, much less is known about its impact on integrative sensorimotor processes. Here, the short latency afferent inhibition (SAI) paradigm was used to assess sensorimotor integration in the presence and absence of experimental cutaneous heat pain applied to the hand. Ulnar nerve stimulation was combined with transcranial magnetic stimulation to condition motor evoked potentials (MEPs) in the first dorsal interosseous muscle. Four interstimulus intervals (ISI) were tested, based on the latency of the N20 component of the afferent sensory volley (N20−5 ms, N20+2 ms, N20+4 ms, N20+10 ms). In the PAIN condition, MEPs were smaller compared to the NEUTRAL condition (p = 0.005), and were modulated as a function of the ISI (p = 0.012). Post-hoc planned comparisons revealed that MEPs at N20+2 and N20+4 were inhibited compared to unconditioned MEPs. However, the level of inhibition (SAI) was similar in the PAIN and NEUTRAL conditions. This suggests that the interplay between pain and sensorimotor integration is not mediated through direct and rapid pathways as assessed by SAI, but rather might involve higher-order integrative areas.
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Yarnall A, Ho B, Eshun E, David R, Rochester L, Burn D, Baker M. Short latency afferent inhibition: Effects of ageing. Clin Neurophysiol 2016; 127:2410-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Noda Y, Cash RFH, Zomorrodi R, Dominguez LG, Farzan F, Rajji TK, Barr MS, Chen R, Daskalakis ZJ, Blumberger DM. A combined TMS-EEG study of short-latency afferent inhibition in the motor and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. J Neurophysiol 2016; 116:938-48. [PMID: 27226450 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00260.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Combined transcranial magnetic stimulation and electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) enables noninvasive neurophysiological investigation of the human cortex. A TMS paradigm of short-latency afferent inhibition (SAI) is characterized by attenuation of the motor-evoked potential (MEP) and modulation of N100 of the TMS-evoked potential (TEP) when TMS is delivered to motor cortex (M1) following median nerve stimulation. SAI is a marker of cholinergic activity in the motor cortex; however, the SAI has not been tested from the prefrontal cortex. We aimed to explore the effect of SAI in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). SAI was examined in 12 healthy subjects with median nerve stimulation and TMS delivered to M1 and DLPFC at interstimulus intervals (ISIs) relative to the individual N20 latency. SAI in M1 was tested at the optimal ISI of N20 + 2 ms. SAI in DLPFC was investigated at a range of ISI from N20 + 2 to N20 + 20 ms to explore its temporal profile. For SAI in M1, the attenuation of MEP amplitude was correlated with an increase of TEP N100 from the left central area. A similar spatiotemporal neural signature of SAI in DLPFC was observed with a marked increase of N100 amplitude. SAI in DLPFC was maximal at ISI N20 + 4 ms at the left frontal area. These findings establish the neural signature of SAI in DLPFC. Future studies could explore whether DLPFC-SAI is neurophysiological marker of cholinergic dysfunction in cognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Noda
- Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Robin F H Cash
- Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour-Systems Neuroscience, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Reza Zomorrodi
- Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Luis Garcia Dominguez
- Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Faranak Farzan
- Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Tarek K Rajji
- Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Mera S Barr
- Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Robert Chen
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour-Systems Neuroscience, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zafiris J Daskalakis
- Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Daniel M Blumberger
- Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
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Burns E, Chipchase LS, Schabrun SM. Reduced Short- and Long-Latency Afferent Inhibition Following Acute Muscle Pain: A Potential Role in the Recovery of Motor Output. PAIN MEDICINE 2016; 17:1343-1352. [PMID: 26874884 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnv104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Corticomotor output is reduced in response to acute muscle pain, yet the mechanisms that underpin this effect remain unclear. Here the authors investigate the effect of acute muscle pain on short-latency afferent inhibition, long-latency afferent inhibition, and long-interval intra-cortical inhibition to determine whether these mechanisms could plausibly contribute to reduced motor output in pain. DESIGN Observational same subject pre-post test design. SETTING Neurophysiology research laboratory. SUBJECTS Healthy, right-handed human volunteers (n = 22, 9 male; mean age ± standard deviation, 22.6 ± 7.8 years). METHODS Transcranial magnetic stimulation was used to assess corticomotor output, short-latency afferent inhibition, long-latency afferent inhibition, and long-interval intra-cortical inhibition before, during, immediately after, and 15 minutes after hypertonic saline infusion into right first dorsal interosseous muscle. Pain intensity and quality were recorded using an 11-point numerical rating scale and the McGill Pain Questionnaire. RESULTS Compared with baseline, corticomotor output was reduced at all time points (p = 0.001). Short-latency afferent inhibition was reduced immediately after (p = 0.039), and long-latency afferent inhibition 15 minutes after (p = 0.035), the resolution of pain. Long-interval intra-cortical inhibition was unchanged at any time point (p = 0.36). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest short- and long-latency afferent inhibition, mechanisms thought to reflect the integration of sensory information with motor output at the cortex, are reduced following acute muscle pain. Although the functional relevance is unclear, the authors hypothesize a reduction in these mechanisms may contribute to the restoration of normal motor output after an episode of acute muscle pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Burns
- *Brain Rehabilitation and Neuroplasticity Unit, School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lucinda Sian Chipchase
- *Brain Rehabilitation and Neuroplasticity Unit, School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Siobhan May Schabrun
- *Brain Rehabilitation and Neuroplasticity Unit, School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Lefebvre G, Tremblay S, Théoret H. Probing the effects of mild traumatic brain injury with transcranial magnetic stimulation of the primary motor cortex. Brain Inj 2015; 29:1032-43. [DOI: 10.3109/02699052.2015.1028447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Tamè L, Pavani F, Braun C, Salemme R, Farnè A, Reilly KT. Somatotopy and temporal dynamics of sensorimotor interactions: evidence from double afferent inhibition. Eur J Neurosci 2015; 41:1459-65. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Tamè
- Department of Psychological Sciences; Birkbeck; University of London; Malet Street London; WC1E 7HX London UK
- INSERM U1028; CNRS UMR5292; ImpAct Team; Lyon Neuroscience Research Centre; Lyon France
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences; University of Trento; Rovereto Italy
| | - Francesco Pavani
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences; University of Trento; Rovereto Italy
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences; University of Trento; Rovereto Italy
| | - Christoph Braun
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences; University of Trento; Rovereto Italy
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences; University of Trento; Rovereto Italy
- MEG-Zentrum; University Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
| | - Romeo Salemme
- INSERM U1028; CNRS UMR5292; ImpAct Team; Lyon Neuroscience Research Centre; Lyon France
- University Claude Bernard Lyon I; Lyon France
| | - Alessandro Farnè
- INSERM U1028; CNRS UMR5292; ImpAct Team; Lyon Neuroscience Research Centre; Lyon France
- University Claude Bernard Lyon I; Lyon France
| | - Karen T. Reilly
- INSERM U1028; CNRS UMR5292; ImpAct Team; Lyon Neuroscience Research Centre; Lyon France
- University Claude Bernard Lyon I; Lyon France
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33
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Caux-Dedeystère A, Derambure P, Devanne H. Late cortical disinhibition in relaxed versus active hand muscles. Neuroscience 2015; 298:52-62. [PMID: 25888934 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Recent research suggests that long-interval intracortical inhibition (LICI) is followed by a transitory period of late cortical disinhibition (LCD) that can even lead to a net increase in cortical excitability. The relationship between LICI/LCD and voluntary drive remains poorly understood. Our study aims at investigating the influence of index abduction on LICI and LCD in an actively engaged muscle and a neighboring muscle, while varying the intensity of the conditioning stimulus (CS). Motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) were recorded from the first dorsal interosseus (FDI) and abductor digiti minimi (ADM) muscles in 13 subjects. Paired-pulses were delivered with 10 different interstimulus intervals (ranging from 60 to 290 ms). Whatever the condition (relaxed or active FDI), the test stimulus was set to evoke an MEP of 1mV. The time course of conditioned MEP amplitude was compared for relaxed and active conditions when the CS intensity was set to (i) 130% of the rest motor threshold (RMT) or (ii) to evoke the same size of MEP under both conditions. LICI lasted longer (i.e. disinhibition occurred later) at rest than during abduction when evoked either by similar or matched conditioning stimuli. No post-LICI facilitation was observed at rest - even when the CS intensity was set to 160% RMT. In contrast, long-interval intracortical facilitation (LICF) was observed in the quiescent ADM when FDI was active. LICF may then be associated with voluntary activity albeit with lack of topographic specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Caux-Dedeystère
- Université de Lille, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Neurophysiologie Clinique, F-59037 Lille Cedex, France
| | - P Derambure
- Université de Lille, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Neurophysiologie Clinique, F-59037 Lille Cedex, France
| | - H Devanne
- Université de Lille, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Neurophysiologie Clinique, F-59037 Lille Cedex, France; Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, F-62228 Calais Cedex, France.
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34
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Bradnam L, Shanahan EM, Hendy K, Reed A, Skipworth T, Visser A, Lennon S. Afferent inhibition and cortical silent periods in shoulder primary motor cortex and effect of a suprascapular nerve block in people experiencing chronic shoulder pain. Clin Neurophysiol 2015; 127:769-778. [PMID: 25900020 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2015.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterise short afferent inhibition (SAI) and the cortical silent period (CSP) in the primary motor cortex representations of the infraspinatus muscle in healthy adults and people experiencing chronic shoulder pain, to determine the impact of a suprascapular nerve block (SSNB). METHODS Neurophysiological measures were obtained in 18 controls and 8 patients with chronic shoulder pain, pre and post SSNB and 1 week later. Pain intensity was assessed by a visual analogue scale. RESULTS SAI was apparent in controls (all P<0.03) and a CSP was observed which reduced in the presence of SAI (all P<0.0001). Compared to controls, shoulder pain patients demonstrated higher active motor threshold (P=0.046), less SAI (P=0.044), a longer CSP (P=0.048) and less modulation of the CSP by SAI (P=0.045). Higher motor thresholds were related to higher pain scores (P=0.009). The SSNB immediately restored SAI (P=0.013), with a positive relationship between increased SAI and reduced pain (P=0.031). The SSNB further reduced modulation of CSP by SAI at 1 week post injection (P=0.006). CONCLUSIONS SAI and the CSP were present and demonstrated robust interaction in controls, which was aberrant in patients. The SSNB transiently restored SAI but had no effect on the CSP; however CSP modulation by SAI was further attenuated 1 week post injection. SIGNIFICANCE The current findings improve understanding of the neurophysiology of the shoulder motor cortex and its modulation by chronic pain. The effect of SSNB in shoulder pain patients should be interpreted with caution until proven in a larger population. Interventions that target intracortical inhibition might increase efficacy in people with chronic shoulder pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynley Bradnam
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, South Australia, Australia; Applied Brain Research Laboratory, Centre for Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, South Australia, Australia.
| | - E Michael Shanahan
- Department of Rheumatology, Repatriation General Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, South Australia, Australia
| | - Kirsty Hendy
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, South Australia, Australia
| | - Amalia Reed
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, South Australia, Australia
| | - Tegan Skipworth
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, South Australia, Australia
| | - Anri Visser
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sheila Lennon
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, South Australia, Australia
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Cash RFH, Isayama R, Gunraj CA, Ni Z, Chen R. The influence of sensory afferent input on local motor cortical excitatory circuitry in humans. J Physiol 2015; 593:1667-84. [PMID: 25832926 PMCID: PMC4386965 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2014.286245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In human, sensorimotor integration can be investigated by combining sensory input and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Short latency afferent inhibition (SAI) refers to motor cortical inhibition 20-25 ms after median nerve stimulation. We investigated the interaction between SAI and short-interval intracortical facilitation (SICF), an excitatory motor cortical circuit. Seven experiments were performed. Contrary to expectations, SICF was facilitated in the presence of SAI (SICF(SAI)). This effect is specific to SICF since there was no effect at SICF trough 1 when SICF was absent. Furthermore, the facilitatory SICF(SAI) interaction increased with stronger SICF or SAI. SAI and SICF correlated between individuals, and this relationship was maintained when SICF was delivered in the presence of SAI, suggesting an intrinsic relationship between SAI and SICF in sensorimotor integration. The interaction was present at rest and during muscle contraction, had a broad degree of somatotopic influence and was present in different interneuronal SICF circuits induced by posterior-anterior and anterior-posterior current directions. Our results are compatible with the finding that projections from sensory to motor cortex terminate in both superficial layers where late indirect (I-) waves are thought to originate, as well as deeper layers with more direct effect on pyramidal output. This interaction is likely to be relevant to sensorimotor integration and motor control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin F H Cash
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour – Systems Neuroscience, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health NetworkToronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Reina Isayama
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour – Systems Neuroscience, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health NetworkToronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carolyn A Gunraj
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour – Systems Neuroscience, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health NetworkToronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhen Ni
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour – Systems Neuroscience, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health NetworkToronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert Chen
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour – Systems Neuroscience, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health NetworkToronto, Ontario, Canada
- Corresponding author R. Chen: 13MP-304, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 2S8, Canada.
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36
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Kojima S, Onishi H, Sugawara K, Miyaguchi S, Kirimoto H, Tamaki H, Shirozu H, Kameyama S. No relation between afferent facilitation induced by digital nerve stimulation and the latency of cutaneomuscular reflexes and somatosensory evoked magnetic fields. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:1023. [PMID: 25566038 PMCID: PMC4274984 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.01023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary motor cortex (M1) excitability can be assessed using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and can be modulated by a conditioning electrical stimulus delivered to a peripheral nerve prior to TMS. This is known as afferent facilitation (AF). The aim of this study was to determine whether AF can be induced by digital nerve stimulation and to evaluate the relation between the interstimulus interval (ISI) required for AF and the latency of the E2 component of the cutaneomuscular reflex (CMR) and the prominent somatosensory evoked field (SEF) deflection that occurs approximately 70 ms after digital nerve stimulation (P60m). Stimulation of the digital nerve of the right index finger was followed, at various time intervals, by single-pulse TMS applied to the contralateral hemisphere. The ISI between digital nerve stimulation and TMS was 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 100, 140, 180, 200, or 220 ms. Single-pulse TMS was performed alone as a control. SEFs were recorded following digital nerve stimulation of the index finger, and the equivalent current dipole of prominent deflections that occurred around 70 ms after the stimulation was calculated. CMRs were recorded following digital nerve stimulation during muscle contraction. Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were facilitated at an ISI between 50 and 100 ms in 11 of 13 subjects, and the facilitated MEP amplitude was larger than the unconditioned MEP amplitude (p < 0.01). There was no significant correlation between the ISI at which AF was maximal and the latency of the P60m component of the SEF (r = −0.50, p = 0.12) or the E2 component of the CMR (r = −0.54, p = 0.88). These results indicate that the precise ISI required for AF cannot be predicted using SEF or CMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Kojima
- Graduate School of Health and Welfare, Niigata University of Health and Welfare Niigata City, Niigata, Japan ; Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare Niigata City, Niigata, Japan ; Tokyo Bay Rehabilitation Hospital Narashino City, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hideaki Onishi
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare Niigata City, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sugawara
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare Niigata City, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shota Miyaguchi
- Graduate School of Health and Welfare, Niigata University of Health and Welfare Niigata City, Niigata, Japan ; Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare Niigata City, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hikari Kirimoto
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare Niigata City, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tamaki
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare Niigata City, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shirozu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nishi-Niigata Chuo National Hospital Niigata City, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shigeki Kameyama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nishi-Niigata Chuo National Hospital Niigata City, Niigata, Japan
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37
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Continuous theta-burst stimulation over primary somatosensory cortex modulates short-latency afferent inhibition. Clin Neurophysiol 2014; 125:2253-2259. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2014.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Asmussen MJ, Zapallow CM, Jacobs MF, Lee KGH, Tsang P, Nelson AJ. Modulation of short-latency afferent inhibition depends on digit and task-relevance. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104807. [PMID: 25118700 PMCID: PMC4132120 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Short-latency afferent inhibition (SAI) occurs when a single transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) pulse delivered over the primary motor cortex is preceded by peripheral electrical nerve stimulation at a short inter-stimulus interval (∼ 20-28 ms). SAI has been extensively examined at rest, but few studies have examined how this circuit functions in the context of performing a motor task and if this circuit may contribute to surround inhibition. The present study investigated SAI in a muscle involved versus uninvolved in a motor task and specifically during three pre-movement phases; two movement preparation phases between a "warning" and "go" cue and one movement initiation phase between a "go" cue and EMG onset. SAI was tested in the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) and abductor digiti minimi (ADM) muscles in twelve individuals. In a second experiment, the origin of SAI modulation was investigated by measuring H-reflex amplitudes from FDI and ADM during the motor task. The data indicate that changes in SAI occurred predominantly in the movement initiation phase during which SAI modulation depended on the specific digit involved. Specifically, the greatest reduction in SAI occurred when FDI was involved in the task. In contrast, these effects were not present in ADM. Changes in SAI were primarily mediated via supraspinal mechanisms during movement preparation, while both supraspinal and spinal mechanisms contributed to SAI reduction during movement initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mark F. Jacobs
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Kevin G. H. Lee
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Philemon Tsang
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Aimee J. Nelson
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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Priming sensorimotor cortex to enhance task-specific training after subcortical stroke. Clin Neurophysiol 2014; 125:1451-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2013.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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40
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Udupa K, Ni Z, Gunraj C, Chen R. Effects of short-latency afferent inhibition on short-interval intracortical inhibition. J Neurophysiol 2013; 111:1350-61. [PMID: 24353299 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00613.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve stimulation inhibits the motor cortex, and the process has been termed short-latency afferent inhibition (SAI) at interstimulus intervals (ISIs) of ∼20 ms. The objective of the present study was to test how SAI interacts with short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) under different stimulation conditions. We studied 20 healthy volunteers. Surface electromyogram was recorded from the first dorsal interosseous muscle. Using paired- and triple-pulse paradigms, we investigated how SAI interacts with SICI under these different conditions. The effects of different conditioning stimulus (CS) intensities (0.6-0.9 active motor threshold), SAI latencies (23 and 25 ms), and ISIs (2 and 3 ms) for SICI were examined in rest and active conditions. SAI had inhibitory interactions with SICI at different CS intensities for rest or active SICI, at SAI latencies of 23 and 25 ms. This interaction occurred at weak CS intensities for SICI when there was no inhibition, and SICI became facilitatory in the presence of SAI. This can be explained by SICI inhibiting SAI and not by saturation of inhibition. The interaction between SAI and SICI was greater for SICI at ISI of 3 ms than for ISI of 2 ms, suggesting that different circuits may be activated at these ISIs. We conclude that SAI and SICI have inhibitory interactions that are influenced by factors such as ISI and muscle activities, which should be considered in design and interpretation of cortical interaction studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaviraja Udupa
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour-Systems Neuroscience, Toronto Western Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Short-latency afferent inhibition modulation during finger movement. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60496. [PMID: 23593228 PMCID: PMC3617156 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
When somatosensory input via electrical stimulation of a peripheral nerve precedes a transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) pulse over the primary motor cortex (M1) the corticospinal output is substantially reduced, a phenomenon known as short-latency afferent inhibition (SAI). The present study investigated SAI during rest and during pre-movement, phasic and tonic components of movement. Participants were required to perform an index finger flexion reaction time task in response to an auditory cue. In a series of experiments, SAI was evoked from the mixed, median nerve at the wrist or the cutaneous, digital nerve stimulation of the index finger. To assess the spinal versus cortical origin of movement-related modulation of SAI, F-wave amplitudes were measured during rest and the three movement components. Results indicated that SAI was reduced during all movement components compared to rest, an effect that occurred for both nerves stimulated. Pre-movement SAI reduction was primarily attributed to reduced cortical inhibition, while increased spinal excitability additionally contributed to reduced SAI during tonic and phasic components of movement. SAI was differentially modulated across movement components with mixed but not cutaneous nerve stimulation. These findings reveal that SAI is reduced during movement and this reduction begins as early as the preparation to move. Further, these data suggest that the degree of SAI reduction during movement may be specific to the volume and/or composition of afferent input carried by each nerve.
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42
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Yarnall AJ, Rochester L, Baker MR, David R, Khoo TK, Duncan GW, Galna B, Burn DJ. Short latency afferent inhibition: a biomarker for mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease? Mov Disord 2013; 28:1285-8. [PMID: 23450646 DOI: 10.1002/mds.25360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD) is common and predicts those at risk of dementia. Cholinergic dysfunction may contribute to its pathophysiology and can be assessed using short latency afferent inhibition. METHODS Twenty-two patients with PD (11 cognitively normal; 11 with mild cognitive impairment) and 22 controls participated. Short latency afferent inhibition was measured by conditioning motor evoked potentials, which were elicited by transcranial magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex with electrical stimuli delivered to the contralateral median nerve at varying interstimulus intervals. RESULTS There was no significant difference between cognitively normal PD and controls for short latency afferent inhibition (62.8±30.3% vs. 55.7±21.7%; P=0.447). The PD-mild cognitive impairment group had significantly less inhibition (88.4±25.8%) than both cognitively normal PD (P=0.021) and controls (P=0.01). CONCLUSIONS Cholinergic dysfunction occurs early in those with PD-mild cognitive impairment. Short latency afferent inhibition may be a useful biomarker of increased risk of dementia in PD patients. © 2013 Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison J Yarnall
- Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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43
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Brem AK, Atkinson NJ, Seligson EE, Pascual-Leone A. Differential pharmacological effects on brain reactivity and plasticity in Alzheimer's disease. Front Psychiatry 2013; 4:124. [PMID: 24109459 PMCID: PMC3791426 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 09/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) are the most commonly prescribed monotherapeutic medications for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, their underlying neurophysiological effects remain largely unknown. We investigated the effects of monotherapy (AChEI) and combination therapy (AChEI and memantine) on brain reactivity and plasticity. Patients treated with monotherapy (AChEI) (N = 7) were compared to patients receiving combination therapy (COM) (N = 9) and a group of age-matched, healthy controls (HCs) (N = 13). Cortical reactivity and plasticity of the motor cortex were examined using transcranial magnetic stimulation. Cognitive functions were assessed with the cognitive subscale of the Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog), activities of daily living (ADLs) with the ADCS-ADL. In addition we assessed the degree of brain atrophy by measuring brain-scalp distances in seven different brain areas. Patient groups differed in resting motor threshold and brain atrophy, with COM showing a lower motor threshold but less atrophy than AChEI. COM showed similar plasticity effects as the HC group, while plasticity was reduced in AChEI. Long-interval intracortical inhibition (LICI) was impaired in both patient groups when compared to HC. ADAS-Cog scores were positively correlated with LICI measures and with brain atrophy, specifically in the left inferior parietal cortex. AD patients treated with mono- or combination-therapy show distinct neurophysiological patterns. Further studies should investigate whether these measures might serve as biomarkers of treatment response and whether they could guide other therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Katharine Brem
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA
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44
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Tsutsumi R, Shirota Y, Ohminami S, Terao Y, Ugawa Y, Hanajima R. Conditioning intensity-dependent interaction between short-latency interhemispheric inhibition and short-latency afferent inhibition. J Neurophysiol 2012; 108:1130-7. [DOI: 10.1152/jn.00300.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between sensory and transcallosal inputs into the motor cortex may be important in motor performance, but it has not been well studied, especially in humans. The aim of this study was to reveal this relationship by investigating the interaction between short-latency interhemispheric inhibition (SIHI) and short-latency afferent inhibition (SAI) in humans with transcranial magnetic stimulation. SIHI is the inhibition of the primary motor cortex (M1) elicited by contralateral M1 stimulation given ∼10 ms before, and it reflects transcallosal inhibition. SAI is the inhibition of M1 elicited by contralateral median nerve stimulation preceding M1 stimulation by ∼20 ms. In this investigation, we studied the intensity dependence of SIHI and SAI and the interaction between SIHI and SAI in various conditioning intensities. Subjects were 11 normal volunteers. The degree of effects was evaluated by comparing motor evoked potential sizes recorded from the first dorsal interosseous muscle between a certain condition and control condition. Both SIHI and SAI were potentiated by increment of the conditioning stimulus intensity and saturated at 1.4 times resting motor threshold for SIHI and 3 times sensory threshold for SAI. No significant interaction was observed when either of their intensities was subthreshold for the inhibition on its own. Only when both intensities were strong enough for their inhibition did the presence of one inhibition lessen the other one. On the basis of these findings, we conclude that interneurons mediating SIHI and SAI have mutual, direct, and inhibitory interaction in a conditioning intensity-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Tsutsumi
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Yuichiro Shirota
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Shinya Ohminami
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Yasuo Terao
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Yoshikazu Ugawa
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Ritsuko Hanajima
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; and
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Kumar TS, Muthuraman M, Krishnakumar R. Effect of the Raga Ananda Bhairavi in Post Operative Pain Relief Management. Indian J Surg 2012; 76:363-70. [PMID: 26396469 DOI: 10.1007/s12262-012-0705-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Music is considered as an universal language and has influences the human existence at various levels.In recent years music therapy has evolved as a challenge of research with a clinical approach involving science and art. Music therapy has been used for various therapeutic reasons like Alzheimer's disease,Hypertension and mental disorders to name a few. We conducted a study to establish the effect of the classical ragam Anandhabhairavi on post operative pain relief. A randomized controlled study involving 60 patients who were to undergo surgery was conducted at PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research,Coimbatore.30 patients selected at random and were exposed to the ragam Anandhabhairavi which was played in their room pre operatively (from the day they got admitted for surgery) and 3 days post operatively. The control group did not listen to the music during their stay in the hospital. An observation chart was attached in which the requirement of analgesics by the patient was recorded. On completion of the study and on analysis,the ragam Anandhabhairavi had a significant effect in post operative pain management which was evidenced by the reduction in analgesic requirement by 50 % in those who listened to the ragam.A significant p value of <0.001 was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thirumurthy Sathish Kumar
- Department of General Surgery, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Coimbatore, India ; Office of the Vice Principal, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Peelamedu, Coimbatore, 641004 Tamilnadu India
| | - M Muthuraman
- Department of General Surgery, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Coimbatore, India
| | - R Krishnakumar
- Department of General Surgery, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Coimbatore, India
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Ferreri F, Ponzo D, Hukkanen T, Mervaala E, Könönen M, Pasqualetti P, Vecchio F, Rossini PM, Määttä S. Human brain cortical correlates of short-latency afferent inhibition: a combined EEG–TMS study. J Neurophysiol 2012; 108:314-23. [DOI: 10.1152/jn.00796.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
When linking in time electrical stimulation of the peripheral nerve with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), the excitability of the motor cortex can be modulated to evoke clear inhibition, as reflected by the amplitude decrement in the motor-evoked potentials (MEPs). This specific property, designated short-latency afferent inhibition (SAI), occurs when the nerve–TMS interstimulus interval (ISI) is approximately 25 ms and is considered to be a corticothalamic phenomenon. The aim of the present study was to use the electroencephalographic (EEG) responses to navigated-TMS coregistration to better characterize the neuronal circuits underlying SAI. The present experimental set included magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–navigated TMS and 60-channel TMS-compatible EEG devices. TMS-evoked EEG responses and MEPs were analyzed in eight healthy volunteers; ISIs between median nerve and cortical stimulation were determined relative to the latency of the individual N20 component of the somatosensory-evoked potential (SEP) obtained after stimulation of the median nerve. ISIs from the latency of the N20 plus 3 ms and N20 plus 10 ms were investigated. In all experimental conditions, TMS-evoked EEG responses were characterized by a sequence of negative deflections peaking at approximately 7, 44, and 100 ms alternating with positive peaks at approximately 30, 60, and 180 ms post-TMS. Moreover, ISI N20+3 ms modulated both EEG-evoked activity and MEPs. In particular, it inhibited MEP amplitudes, attenuated cortical P60 and N100 responses, and induced motor cortex beta rhythm selective decrement of phase locking. The findings of the present experiment suggest the cortical origin of SAI that could result from the cortico–cortical activation of GABAergic-mediated inhibition onto the corticospinal neurons modulated by cholinergic activation able to reducing intralaminar inhibition and promoting intracolumnar inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florinda Ferreri
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Kuopio University Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Neurology, University Campus Biomedico, Rome, Italy
| | - David Ponzo
- Department of Neurology, University Campus Biomedico, Rome, Italy
- AFaR Department of Neuroscience, Ospedale Fatebenefratelli, Isola Tiberina, Rome, Italy
| | - Taina Hukkanen
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Kuopio University Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Esa Mervaala
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Kuopio University Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mervi Könönen
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Kuopio University Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Patrizio Pasqualetti
- Department of Neurology, University Campus Biomedico, Rome, Italy
- AFaR Department of Neuroscience, Ospedale Fatebenefratelli, Isola Tiberina, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Vecchio
- AFaR Department of Neuroscience, Ospedale Fatebenefratelli, Isola Tiberina, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Maria Rossini
- Department of Neurology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy; and
- L'Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico San Raffaele Pisana, Rome and Casa di Cura San Raffaele, Cassino, Italy
| | - Sara Määttä
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Kuopio University Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Young-Bernier M, Davidson PS, Tremblay F. Paired-pulse afferent modulation of TMS responses reveals a selective decrease in short latency afferent inhibition with age. Neurobiol Aging 2012; 33:835.e1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2011.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Revised: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 08/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Elahi B, Gunraj C, Chen R. Short-interval intracortical inhibition blocks long-term potentiation induced by paired associative stimulation. J Neurophysiol 2012; 107:1935-41. [PMID: 22236712 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00202.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Paired associative stimulation (PAS) of the motor cortex leads to increased motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitudes in the stimulated hand muscles. We hypothesized that evoking GABA(A) receptor-mediated short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) simultaneously with excitatory PAS would depress long-term potentiation plasticity in motor cortex. Four different PAS paradigms were tested, standard PAS (PAS25) and three conditioned PAS protocols (CS2-PAS25, CS2-PAS25adj, and CS10-PAS25adj). A subthreshold conditioning stimulus 2 ms (CS2) or 10 ms (CS10) before the test stimuli was added to the conditioned PAS protocols. Since CS2 has inhibitory and CS10 has facilitatory effect on cortical excitability, in the CS2-PAS25adj and CS10-PAS25adj protocols, TS intensity was adjusted to produce a 1-mV MEP in the presence of CS2 or CS10 to control for the degree of corticospinal excitation. As expected, MEP amplitudes after PAS25 were higher compared with that at baseline, but importantly, MEP amplitudes did not change after PAS was induced in the presence of SICI in either the CS2-PAS25 or CS2-PAS25adj condition. Furthermore, the CS10-PAS25adj protocol showed significantly increased MEP amplitude at 60 min after PAS compared with baseline. These results show that SICI blocked the induction of long-term potentiation-like plasticity in the motor cortex, indicating that GABAergic circuits play an important role in the regulation of cortical plasticity. The study demonstrates a noninvasive and nonpharmacological way to achieve focal modulation of plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Elahi
- Toronto Western Hospital, 7th Fl., Rm. 7MCL411, 399 Bathurst St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 2S8
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Ni Z, Müller-Dahlhaus F, Chen R, Ziemann U. Triple-pulse TMS to study interactions between neural circuits in human cortex. Brain Stimul 2011; 4:281-93. [PMID: 22032744 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2011.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Revised: 01/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Ni
- Division of Neurology, Krembil Neuroscience Centre and Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Vahabzadeh-Hagh AM, Muller PA, Pascual-Leone A, Jensen FE, Rotenberg A. Measures of cortical inhibition by paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation in anesthetized rats. J Neurophysiol 2010; 105:615-24. [PMID: 21160011 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00660.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (ppTMS) is a noninvasive method to measure cortical inhibition in vivo. Long interpulse interval (50-500 ms) ppTMS (LI-ppTMS) provokes intracortical inhibitory circuits and can reveal pathologically impaired cortical inhibition in disorders such as epilepsy. Adaptation of ppTMS protocols to rodent disease models is highly desirable to facilitate basic and translational research. We previously adapted single-pulse TMS (spTMS) methods to rats, but ppTMS has yet to be applied. Specifically, whether ppTMS elicits an inhibitory response in rodents is unknown. ppTMS in rats also requires anesthesia, a setting under which the preservation of these measures is undetermined. We therefore tested, in anesthetized rats, whether anesthetic choice affects spTMS-motor-evoked potentials (MEPs), LI-ppTMS in rats, as in humans, elicits intracortical inhibition of the MEP, and rat LI-ppTMS inhibition is acutely impaired in a seizure model. Rats were anesthetized with pentobarbital (PB) or ketamine-atropine-xylazine (KAX) and stimulated unilaterally over the motor cortex while recording bilateral brachioradialis MEPs. LI-ppTMS was applied analogous to human long interval intracortical inhibition (LICI) protocols, and acute changes in inhibition were evaluated following injection of the convulsant pentylenetetrazole (PTZ). We find that spTMS-evoked MEPs were reliably present under either anesthetic, and that LI-ppTMS elicits inhibition of the conditioned MEP in rats, similar to human LICI, by as much as 58 ± 12 and 71 ± 11% under PB and KAX anesthesia, respectively. LI-ppTMS inhibition was reduced to as much as 53% of saline controls following PTZ injection, while spTMS-derived measures of corticospinal excitability were unchanged. Our data show that regional inhibition, similar to human LICI, is present in rats, can be elicited under PB or KAX anesthesia, and is reduced following convulsant administration. These results suggest a potential for LI-ppTMS as a biomarker of impaired cortical inhibition in murine disease models.
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