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Castoldi G, Carletti R, Ippolito S, Colzani M, Barzaghi F, Stella A, Zerbini G, Perseghin G, Zatti G, di Gioia CRT. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition prevents renal fibrosis in cyclosporine nephropathy. Acta Diabetol 2021; 58:1059-1070. [PMID: 33760995 PMCID: PMC8272713 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-021-01681-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, a new class of antidiabetic drugs, are nephroprotective in case of diabetes, but whether a similar beneficial effect may be detectable also in case of chronic non-diabetic kidney diseases remains still unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of empagliflozin, a SGLT-2 inhibitor, on the progression of cyclosporine nephropathy, in the absence of diabetes. METHODS Sprague Dawley rats (n = 27) have been fed with low-salt diet starting 10 days before the beginning and finished at the end of the experimental period. Cyclosporine-A (CsA, 15 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneal injection, n = 8) and CsA plus empagliflozin (Empa, 10 mg/kg/day, per os, n = 7) were administered for 4 weeks. The control groups were treated with placebo (Control, n = 7) or empagliflozin (Control + Empa, n = 5). Blood pressure (plethysmographic method) was measured at the beginning and at the end of the experimental period. At the end of the experimental protocol, the kidneys were excised for histomorphometric analysis of renal fibrosis and for immunohistochemical evaluation of inflammatory infiltrates (monocytes/macrophages), type I and type IV collagen expression, and tyrosine hydroxylase expression, used as marker of sympathetic nerve activity. RESULTS CsA-treated rats showed a significant increase (p < 0.01) in blood pressure, which was reduced by administration of empagliflozin (p < 0.05). CsA administration caused an increase in glomerular and tubulo-interstitial fibrosis (p < 0.05), renal inflammatory infiltrates (p < 0.05), type I and type IV collagen expression (p < 0.01), and tyrosine hydroxylase expression (p < 0.01) as compared to the control rats and control + Empa-treated rats. Treatment with empagliflozin in CsA-treated rats reduced glomerular (p < 0.01) and tubulo-interstitial fibrosis (p < 0.05), type I and type IV collagen expression (p < 0.01), inflammatory cell infiltration (p < 0.01) and tyrosine hydroxylase expression (p < 0.05), as compared to rats treated with CsA. CONCLUSION Empagliflozin administration caused a reduction in blood pressure in CsA-treated rats and showed a protective effect on CsA nephropathy by decreasing renal fibrosis, type I and type IV collagen expression, macrophage infiltration and tyrosine hydroxylase expression. These data suggest that empagliflozin promotes nephroprotection also in non-diabetic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Castoldi
- Dipartimento Di Medicina E Chirugia, Università Degli Studi Di Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, Italy.
| | - Raffaella Carletti
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Radiologiche, Oncologiche E Anatomopatologiche, Istituto Di Anatomia Patologica Sapienza Universita' Di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - Silvia Ippolito
- Laboratorio Analisi Chimico Cliniche, Ospedale San Gerardo, ASST Monza, Monza, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Colzani
- Dipartimento Di Medicina E Chirugia, Università Degli Studi Di Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, Italy
| | - Francesca Barzaghi
- Dipartimento Di Medicina E Chirugia, Università Degli Studi Di Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, Italy
| | - Andrea Stella
- Dipartimento Di Medicina E Chirugia, Università Degli Studi Di Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo Zerbini
- Unita' Complicanze del Diabete, Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Istituto Scientifico San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Gianluca Perseghin
- Dipartimento Di Medicina E Chirugia, Università Degli Studi Di Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, Italy
- Dipartimento Di Medicina Interna E Riabilitazione, Policlinico Di Monza, Monza, Italy
| | - Giovanni Zatti
- Dipartimento Di Medicina E Chirugia, Università Degli Studi Di Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, Italy
- Clinica Ortopedica, Ospedale San Gerardo, ASST Monza, Monza, Italy
| | - Cira R T di Gioia
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Radiologiche, Oncologiche E Anatomopatologiche, Istituto Di Anatomia Patologica Sapienza Universita' Di Roma, Roma, Italy
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Effects of vitamin D on drugs: Response and disposal. Nutrition 2020; 74:110734. [PMID: 32179384 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.110734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D supplementation and vitamin D deficiency are common in clinical experience and in daily life. Vitamin D not only promotes calcium absorption and immune regulation, but also changes drug effects (pharmacodynamics and adverse reactions) and drug disposal in vivo when combined with various commonly used clinical drugs. The extensive physiological effects of vitamin D may cause synergism effects or alleviation of adverse reactions, and vitamin D's affect on drugs in vivo disposal through drug transporters or metabolic enzymes may also lead to changes in drug effects. Herein, the effects of vitamin D combined with commonly used drugs were reviewed from the perspective of drug efficacy and adverse reactions. The effects of vitamin D on drug transport and metabolism were summarized and analyzed. Hopefully, more attention will be paid to vitamin D supplementation and deficiency in clinical treatment and drug research and development.
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Ozcan-Kucuk A, Alan H, Gul M, Yolcu U. Evaluating the Effect of Resveratrol on the Healing of Extraction Sockets in Cyclosporine A-Treated Rats. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2018; 76:1404-1413. [PMID: 29605535 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2018.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of resveratrol on alveolar socket healing after tooth extraction in normal and cyclosporin A (CsA)-treated rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy-two female Sprague-Dawley rats were separated into 4 groups of 18. Group 1 was injected with a placebo solution intraperitoneally. Group 2 was injected with resveratrol (10 μmol/kg) intraperitoneally. Groups 3 and 4 were injected with CsA (10 mg/kg) subcutaneously for 8 days once daily before tooth extraction. Next, the teeth were extracted and CsA injection continued until the animals were sacrificed. Eight days after commencing the CsA injections, group 4 was injected with resveratrol while continuing with CsA injections. Nine rats from each group were sacrificed on days 14 and 28, and sections were examined to assess the degree of inflammation, formation of connective tissue, and new bone formation. Immunohistochemical analysis was used to evaluate the alveolar socket healing process using osteocalcin and osteopontin markers. A P value less than .05 was considered significant. RESULTS There was more new bone formation in group 2 than in the other 3 groups on day 14 after tooth extraction (P < .05), and there was more new bone formation in group 2 than in groups 3 and 4 on day 28 after extraction (P < .05). Based on the immunohistochemical assessment, the amount of osteocalcin and osteopontin labeling was greater in group 2 compared with the other 3 groups on day 14 (P < .05); however, on day 28 after extraction, it was greater in group 4 compared with group 3 (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Resveratrol improves alveolar socket healing in normal and CsA-treated rats. Resveratrol also increases levels of osteocalcin and osteopontin in normal and CsA-treated rats. These results suggest that this natural compound is useful for alveolar socket healing after tooth extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Ozcan-Kucuk
- Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey.
| | - Hilal Alan
- Associate Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Gul
- Professor, Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Umit Yolcu
- Associate Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
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Wada-Mihara C, Seto H, Ohba H, Tokunaga K, Kido JI, Nagata T, Naruishi K. Local administration of calcitonin inhibits alveolar bone loss in an experimental periodontitis in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 97:765-770. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Pimentel SP, Casarin RC, Ribeiro FV, Cirano FR, Rovaris K, Haiter Neto F, Casati MZ. Impact of micronutrients supplementation on bone repair around implants: microCT and counter-torque analysis in rats. J Appl Oral Sci 2016; 24:45-51. [PMID: 27008256 PMCID: PMC4775009 DOI: 10.1590/1678-775720150293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The use of natural substances and micronutritional approaches has been suggested as a therapeutic alternative to benefit the bone healing associated with no side effects. Nevertheless, the influence of micronutritional interventions with therapeutic proprieties on the bone repair has yet to be intensely evaluated, and no evidence is available exploring the impact of micronutrient supplementation on the peri-implant bone healing. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effect of micronutrients supplementation on the bone repair around implants. MATERIAL AND METHODS One screw-shaped titanium implant was inserted in each tibia of each rat, which were assigned to: daily administration, for 30 d, of the placebo solution (Placebo group-n:18) or micronutrients supplementation (Micronutrients group-n:18), based on calcium, magnesium, zinc, and vitamin D3 intake. After, the animals were sacrificed. One of the implants was removed by applying a counter-torque force to evaluate the force to rupture the bone-implant interface. The other implant was evaluated by microcomputed tomography (CT) examination to determine the bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and the bone volume (BV/TV). RESULTS No statistically significant differences were observed between the groups for both counter-torque values and microCT parameters (p>0.05). CONCLUSION Within the limits of this study, micronutrients supplementation did not provide additional benefits to the bone healing around dental implants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Karla Rovaris
- Departamento de Radiologia, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brasil
| | - Francisco Haiter Neto
- Departamento de Radiologia, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brasil
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Li ZF, Cao LH, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Fan MW, Xu QA. Inhibitory effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 on Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced inflammation and bone resorption in vivo. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 72:146-156. [PMID: 27597534 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether intragastric administration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) could inhibit the bone resorption and inflammation in a mouse calvarial model infected by Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis). DESIGN Live P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 was injected once daily for 6days into the subcutaneous tissue overlying the calvaria in mice. At the same time, 1,25(OH)2D3 (50μg/kg per day) was administered by gavage for 9days, starting 3d before the infection. Mice were killed under ether anesthesia 8h after the last injection of P. gingivalis. Micro-computed tomography scanning was used to evaluate calvarial bone loss. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase was used to detect osteoclast activity. Real-time PCR was used to assess the mRNA expressions of OPG, RANKL, c-Fos, NFATc1, CTSK and TRAP in calvarial bone and IL-6, IL-10, IL-1β, IL-12p40 and TNF-α in soft tissue. The levels of serum IL-6, IL-10 were determined by ELISA. RESULTS 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment apparently attenuated bone resorption in P. gingivalis-induced mouse calvarial model and markedly reduced the number of osteoclasts. The expression levels of RANKL and osteoclast-related genes such as c-Fos, NFATc1, CTSK and TRAP were also decreased by 1,25(OH)2D3. Besides, 1,25(OH)2D3 inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-12p40 and TNF-α and enormously elevated the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. CONCLUSION 1,25(OH)2D3 may decrease bone resorption in vivo via suppressing the expression of osteoclast-related genes and its anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Fei Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Li-Hua Cao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Ying Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Zhou Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Ming-Wen Fan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Qing-An Xu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
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The long-term administration of calcineurin inhibitors decreases antioxidant enzyme activity in the rat parotid and submandibular salivary glands. Life Sci 2015; 134:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Aral K, Alkan BA, Saraymen R, Yay A, Şen A, Önder GÖ. Therapeutic effects of systemic vitamin k2 and vitamin d3 on gingival inflammation and alveolar bone in rats with experimentally induced periodontitis. J Periodontol 2015; 86:666-73. [PMID: 25569194 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2015.140467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The synergistic effects of vitamin D3 and vitamin K2 on bone loss prevention have been reported. This study evaluates the effects of vitamin D3 and vitamin K2 supplementation in conjunction with conventional periodontal therapy (scaling and root planing [SRP]) on gingival interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-10, serum bone alkaline phosphatase (B-ALP) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRAP-5b), and calcium and alveolar bone levels in rats with experimentally induced periodontitis. METHODS Seventy-two rats were divided into the following groups: 1) healthy; 2) periodontitis; 3) SRP; 4) SRP + vitamin D3; 5) SRP + vitamin K2; and 6) SRP + vitamins K2 and D3. Periodontitis was induced by ligature placement for 7 days, and vitamin K2 (30 mg/kg) and/or vitamin D3 (2 μg/kg) were administered for 10 days in the SRP + vitamin D3, SRP + vitamin K2, and SRP + vitamins K2 and D3 groups by oral gavage. On day 18, the animals were sacrificed, serum B-ALP, TRAP-5b, and calcium levels were measured, gingiva specimens were extracted for IL-1β and IL-10 analysis, and distances between the cemento-enamel junction and alveolar bone crest were evaluated. RESULTS Alveolar bone levels in the periodontitis group were significantly greater than those in the other five groups. No significant differences were found in gingival IL-1β and IL-10, serum B-ALP and TRAP-5b, and calcium and alveolar bone levels between the groups receiving SRP and vitamins and the group receiving SRP alone. CONCLUSION Within the limitations of this study, vitamin D3 and K2 alone or in combination did not affect gingival IL-1β and IL-10, serum B-ALP and TRAP-5b levels, or alveolar bone compared with conventional periodontal therapy alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kübra Aral
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Sifa University, İzmir, Turkey
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Chen RY, Fu MM, Chih YK, Gau CH, Chiang CY, Nieh S, Hsieh YD, Fu E. Effect of cyclosporine-A on orthodontic tooth movement in rats. Orthod Craniofac Res 2012; 14:234-42. [PMID: 22008303 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-6343.2011.01528.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to examine the effect of cyclosporine-A (CsA) on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement in rats. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION This is a randomized controlled trial with a split-mouth design in Sprague-Dawley rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS Eighteen rats, divided at random in two groups, were fed with 8 mg/kg CsA (experiment) or mineral oil (control) daily after initial healing of bilateral maxillary second molar removal. All rats received orthodontic coil springs (10 cN) secured to the maxillary incisors and first molars at the rights side, while no springs were placed at the left. Distances between first and third molars were measured on days 0, 3, 6, and 12. After sacrificing on day 12, the alveolar ridges of the maxillae were sectioned and blood samples were collected for serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-5b level detection and for histology, respectively. RESULTS Significantly larger changes in intermolar distances were found after orthodontic force application in the CsA group at days 3 and 12 when compared with the control group. The inter-radicular dental alveolus of CSA-fed rats was osteopenic. Significantly increased TRAP-5b serum level was noted in the CsA group when compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that CsA enhanced the rate of orthodontic tooth movement. The osteopenia and the increased osteoclastic activity could be the underlying factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Y Chen
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, National Defense Medical Center and Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Dvorak G, Fügl A, Watzek G, Tangl S, Pokorny P, Gruber R. Impact of dietary vitamin D on osseointegration in the ovariectomized rat. Clin Oral Implants Res 2011; 23:1308-13. [PMID: 22151621 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2011.02346.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
AIM Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in the population and associated with impaired peri-implant bone regeneration. Yet, there is a gap in understanding the impact of vitamin D supplementation on the process of osseointegration. In this study, the effect of vitamin D supplementation on peri-implant bone regeneration was investigated. METHODS Fifty ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups. The depletion group was fed a vitamin D-free diet for 8 weeks. The repletion group received vitamin D-free diet for 6 weeks, before animals were switched to standard diet containing 2400 IU/kg vitamin D. The control group was fed the standard diet. Two titanium mini-implants were placed in the tibia. All groups remained on their previous diet until sacrifice. Blood sample testing and histomorphometric analysis were performed. RESULTS Vitamin D depletion caused a significant reduction in 25-hydroxvitamin D in rat serum that returned to control levels in the repletion group. This vitamin deficiency was associated with a decrease in bone-to-implant contact in the cortical area, which was leveled to controls in the repletion group. No significant changes by vitamin D depletion were noticed in the medullar compartment. Moreover, also the peri-implant bone area and the mineral apposition rate remained unchanged upon vitamin D depletion. CONCLUSION These results indicate that vitamin D deficiency has a negative impact on cortical peri-implant bone formation in ovariectomized rats, which can be compensated by vitamin D supplementation. This study provides first insight into the potential beneficial effect of vitamin D supplementation in implant dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Dvorak
- Department of Oral Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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