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Stonehouse-Smith D, Ota L, Seehra J, Kwok J, Liu C, Seppala M, Cobourne MT. How do teeth erupt? Br Dent J 2024; 237:217-221. [PMID: 39123030 PMCID: PMC11315668 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-024-7609-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
The development of normal occlusion requires eruptive migration of teeth from their developmental position in the jaw into a functional position within the oral cavity. This process involves significant and coordinated movement in an axial direction and appropriate eruption through the gingival tissues. The mechanisms regulating these developmental events are poorly understood, and teeth retain eruptive potential throughout their lifespan. In recent years, the use of mouse models has helped to elucidate some of the underlying molecular and biological mechanisms of mammalian tooth eruption. Here, we outline our current understanding of tooth eruption mechanisms and discuss their relevance in terms of known human disorders of tooth eruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Stonehouse-Smith
- Centre for Craniofacial & Regenerative Biology, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King´s College London, London, UK
| | - Laura Ota
- Dental Core Trainee, Guy´s and St Thomas´ NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Jadbinder Seehra
- Centre for Craniofacial & Regenerative Biology, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King´s College London, London, UK
| | - Jerry Kwok
- Department of Oral Surgery, Guy´s and St Thomas´ NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Catherine Liu
- Centre for Craniofacial & Regenerative Biology, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King´s College London, London, UK
| | - Maisa Seppala
- Centre for Craniofacial & Regenerative Biology, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King´s College London, London, UK
| | - Martyn T Cobourne
- Centre for Craniofacial & Regenerative Biology, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King´s College London, London, UK.
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Li X, Deng W, Tang K, Zhang S, Liang Z, Liu W, Li Y, Zhang Z, Zhao W, Zou J. Sophoraflavanone G Inhibits RANKL-Induced Osteoclastogenesis via MAPK/NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Mol Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12033-024-01185-8. [PMID: 38780825 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-024-01185-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common chronic bone metabolism disorder characterized by decreased bone mass and reduced bone density in the bone tissue. Osteoporosis can lead to increased fragility of the skeleton, making it prone to brittle fractures. Osteoclasts are macrophage-like cells derived from hematopoietic stem cells, and their excessive activity in bone resorption leads to lower bone formation than absorption during bone remodeling, which is one of the important factors inducing osteoporosis. Therefore, how to inhibit osteoclast formation and reducing bone loss is an important direction for treating osteoporosis. Sophoraflavanone G, derived from Sophora flavescens Alt and Rhizoma Drynariae, is a flavonoid compound with various biological activities. However, there have been few studies on osteoporosis and osteoclasts so far. Therefore, we hypothesize that genistein G can inhibit osteoclast differentiation, alleviate bone loss phenomenon, and conduct in vitro and in vivo experiments for research and verification purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchun Li
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, 510405, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Orthopaedic, Hainan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Hainan City, China
- Department of Orthopaedic, Affiliated Hainan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Hainan City, 570203, Hainan Province, China
- Department of Orthopaedic, Affiliated Hainan Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan City, 570203, Hainan Province, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, 510405, Guangdong Province, China
- The Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, 510405, Guangdong Province, China
- Orthopedics Department, The Affiliated TCM Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou City, 510405, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Kai Tang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, 510405, Guangdong Province, China
- The Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, 510405, Guangdong Province, China
- Orthopedics Department, The Affiliated TCM Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou City, 510405, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shiyin Zhang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, 510405, Guangdong Province, China
- The Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, 510405, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zixuan Liang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, 510405, Guangdong Province, China
- The Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, 510405, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Weiwen Liu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, 510405, Guangdong Province, China
- The Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, 510405, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yongyu Li
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, 510405, Guangdong Province, China
- The Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, 510405, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhida Zhang
- Orthopedics Department, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou City, 510405, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Wenhua Zhao
- Orthopedics Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou City, 510260, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Jian Zou
- Orthopedic Spine Department, Dongguan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dongguan City, 523005, Guangdong Province, China.
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, 510405, Guangdong Province, China.
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3
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Zheng F, Wu T, Wang F, Li H, Tang H, Cui X, Li C, Wang Y, Jiang J. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound promotes the osteogenesis of mechanical force-treated periodontal ligament cells via Piezo1. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1347406. [PMID: 38694622 PMCID: PMC11061374 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1347406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) can accelerate tooth movement and preserve tooth and bone integrity during orthodontic treatment. However, the mechanisms by which LIPUS affects tissue remodeling during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) remain unclear. Periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) are pivotal in maintaining periodontal tissue equilibrium when subjected to mechanical stimuli. One notable mechano-sensitive ion channel, Piezo1, can modulate cellular function in response to mechanical cues. This study aimed to elucidate the involvement of Piezo1 in the osteogenic response of force-treated PDLCs when stimulated by LIPUS. Method After establishing rat OTM models, LIPUS was used to stimulate rats locally. OTM distance and alveolar bone density were assessed using micro-computed tomography, and histological analyses included hematoxylin and eosin staining, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining and immunohistochemical staining. GsMTx4 and Yoda1 were respectively utilized for Piezo1 functional inhibition and activation experiments in rats. We isolated human PDLCs (hPDLCs) in vitro and evaluated the effects of LIPUS on the osteogenic differentiation of force-treated hPDLCs using real-time quantitative PCR, Western blot, alkaline phosphatase and alizarin red staining. Small interfering RNA and Yoda1 were employed to validate the role of Piezo1 in this process. Results LIPUS promoted osteoclast differentiation and accelerated OTM in rats. Furthermore, LIPUS alleviated alveolar bone resorption under pressure and enhanced osteogenesis of force-treated PDLCs both in vivo and in vitro by downregulating Piezo1 expression. Subsequent administration of GsMTx4 in rats and siPIEZO1 transfection in hPDLCs attenuated the inhibitory effect on osteogenic differentiation under pressure, whereas LIPUS efficacy was partially mitigated. Yoda1 treatment inhibited osteogenic differentiation of hPDLCs, resulting in reduced expression of Collagen Ⅰα1 and osteocalcin in the periodontal ligament. However, LIPUS administration was able to counteract these effects. Conclusion This research unveils that LIPUS promotes the osteogenesis of force-treated PDLCs via downregulating Piezo1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Zheng
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Haidian, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Haidian, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Haidian, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Haidian, Beijing, China
| | - Feifei Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Haidian, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Haidian, Beijing, China
- Center of Digital Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian, Beijing, China
| | - Huazhi Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Haidian, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Haidian, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyi Tang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Haidian, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Haidian, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Cui
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Haidian, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Haidian, Beijing, China
| | - Cuiying Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Haidian, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Haidian, Beijing, China
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian, Beijing, China
| | - Yixiang Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Haidian, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Haidian, Beijing, China
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian, Beijing, China
| | - Jiuhui Jiang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Haidian, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Haidian, Beijing, China
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Zheng Z, Liu H, Liu S, Luo E, Liu X. Mesenchymal stem cells in craniofacial reconstruction: a comprehensive review. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1362338. [PMID: 38690295 PMCID: PMC11058977 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1362338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Craniofacial reconstruction faces many challenges, including high complexity, strong specificity, severe injury, irregular and complex wounds, and high risk of bleeding. Traditionally, the "gold standard" for treating craniofacial bone defects has been tissue transplantation, which involves the transplantation of bone, cartilage, skin, and other tissues from other parts of the body. However, the shape of craniofacial bone and cartilage structures varies greatly and is distinctly different from ordinary long bones. Craniofacial bones originate from the neural crest, while long bones originate from the mesoderm. These factors contribute to the poor effectiveness of tissue transplantation in repairing craniofacial defects. Autologous mesenchymal stem cell transplantation exhibits excellent pluripotency, low immunogenicity, and minimally invasive properties, and is considered a potential alternative to tissue transplantation for treating craniofacial defects. Researchers have found that both craniofacial-specific mesenchymal stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells from other parts of the body have significant effects on the restoration and reconstruction of craniofacial bones, cartilage, wounds, and adipose tissue. In addition, the continuous development and application of tissue engineering technology provide new ideas for craniofacial repair. With the continuous exploration of mesenchymal stem cells by researchers and the continuous development of tissue engineering technology, the use of autologous mesenchymal stem cell transplantation for craniofacial reconstruction has gradually been accepted and promoted. This article will review the applications of various types of mesenchymal stem cells and related tissue engineering in craniofacial repair and reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - En Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Wang Y, Yuan T, Wang H, Meng Q, Li H, Feng C, Li Z, Sun S. Inhibition of Protein Disulfide Isomerase Attenuates Osteoclast Differentiation and Function via the Readjustment of Cellular Redox State in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis. Inflammation 2024; 47:626-648. [PMID: 38055120 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-023-01933-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Due to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and heightened activity of osteoclasts, postmenopausal osteoporosis could cause severe pathological bone destruction. Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), an endoplasmic prototypic thiol isomerase, plays a central role in affecting cellular redox state. To test whether suppression of PDI could inhibit osteoclastogenesis through cellular redox regulation, bioinformatics network analysis was performed on the causative genes, followed by biological validation on the osteoclastogenesis in vitro and ovariectomy (OVX) mice model in vivo. The analysis identified PDI as one of gene targets for postmenopausal osteoporosis, which was positively expressed during osteoclastogenesis. Therefore, PDI expression inhibitor and chaperone activity inhibitor were used to verify the effects of PDI inhibitors on osteoclastogenesis. Results demonstrated that PDI inhibitors could reduce osteoclast number and inhibit resorption function via suppression on osteoclast marker genes. The mechanisms behind the scenes were the PDI inhibitors-caused intracellular ROS reduction via enhancement of the antioxidant system. Micro-CT and histological results indicated PDI inhibitors could effectively alleviate or even prevent bone loss in OVX mice. In conclusion, our findings unveiled the suppressive effects of PDI inhibitors on osteoclastogenesis by reducing intracellular ROS, providing new therapeutic options for postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Tao Yuan
- Department of Joint Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Haojue Wang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Qi Meng
- Department of Joint Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Haoyang Li
- Department of Joint Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Changgong Feng
- Department of Joint Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Ziqing Li
- Department of Joint Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China.
| | - Shui Sun
- Department of Joint Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
- Department of Joint Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China.
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Jiang T, Xia T, Qiao F, Wang N, Jiang Y, Xin H. Role and Regulation of Transcription Factors in Osteoclastogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16175. [PMID: 38003376 PMCID: PMC10671247 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Bones serve mechanical and defensive functions, as well as regulating the balance of calcium ions and housing bone marrow.. The qualities of bones do not remain constant. Instead, they fluctuate throughout life, with functions increasing in some situations while deteriorating in others. The synchronization of osteoblast-mediated bone formation and osteoclast-mediated bone resorption is critical for maintaining bone mass and microstructure integrity in a steady state. This equilibrium, however, can be disrupted by a variety of bone pathologies. Excessive osteoclast differentiation can result in osteoporosis, Paget's disease, osteolytic bone metastases, and rheumatoid arthritis, all of which can adversely affect people's health. Osteoclast differentiation is regulated by transcription factors NFATc1, MITF, C/EBPα, PU.1, NF-κB, and c-Fos. The transcriptional activity of osteoclasts is largely influenced by developmental and environmental signals with the involvement of co-factors, RNAs, epigenetics, systemic factors, and the microenvironment. In this paper, we review these themes in regard to transcriptional regulation in osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; (T.J.); (T.X.); (F.Q.)
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Tianshuang Xia
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; (T.J.); (T.X.); (F.Q.)
| | - Fangliang Qiao
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; (T.J.); (T.X.); (F.Q.)
| | - Nani Wang
- Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310007, China;
| | - Yiping Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; (T.J.); (T.X.); (F.Q.)
| | - Hailiang Xin
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; (T.J.); (T.X.); (F.Q.)
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
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Hild V, Mellert K, Möller P, Barth TFE. Giant Cells of Various Lesions Are Characterised by Different Expression Patterns of HLA-Molecules and Molecules Involved in the Cell Cycle, Bone Metabolism, and Lineage Affiliation: An Immunohistochemical Study with a Review of the Literature. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3702. [PMID: 37509363 PMCID: PMC10377796 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Giant cells (GCs) are thought to originate from the fusion of monocytic lineage cells and arise amid multiple backgrounds. To compare GCs of different origins, we immunohistochemically characterised the GCs of reactive and neoplastic lesions (n = 47). We studied the expression of 15 molecules including HLA class II molecules those relevant to the cell cycle, bone metabolism and lineage affiliation. HLA-DR was detectable in the GCs of sarcoidosis, sarcoid-like lesions, tuberculosis, and foreign body granuloma. Cyclin D1 was expressed by the GCs of neoplastic lesions as well as the GCs of bony callus, fibroid epulis, and brown tumours. While cyclin E was detected in the GCs of all lesions, p16 and p21 showed a heterogeneous expression pattern. RANK was expressed by the GCs of all lesions except sarcoid-like lesions and xanthogranuloma. All GCs were RANK-L-negative, and the GCs of all lesions were osteoprotegerin-positive. Osteonectin was limited to the GCs of chondroblastoma. Osteopontin and TRAP were detected in the GCs of all lesions except xanthogranuloma. RUNX2 was heterogeneously expressed in the reactive and neoplastic cohort. The GCs of all lesions except foreign body granuloma expressed CD68, and all GCs were CD163- and langerin-negative. This profiling points to a functional diversity of GCs despite their similar morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien Hild
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Kevin Mellert
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Peter Möller
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas F E Barth
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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8
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Carbonic Anhydrase II Activators in Osteopetrosis Treatment: A Review. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:1373-1386. [PMID: 36826034 PMCID: PMC9954968 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45020089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteopetrosis is a rare hereditary illness generated by failure in osteoclasts resulting in elevated bone densities. Patients with osteopetrosis possess several complications, like dental caries, earlier teeth loss, delayed eruption, malformed crowns and roots, and lamina dura thickening. Since deficiency of carbonic anhydrase II is a major cause behind osteopetrosis, carbonic anhydrase II activators have a large number of applications in osteopetrosis treatment. There is a lack of a comprehensive review on osteopetrosis, pathogenesis of dental abnormalities, and the role of carbonic anhydrase II activators in osteopetrosis treatment. To address this research gap, the authros perfomed a comprehensive review on osteopetrosis and its types, pathogenesis of dental abnormalities, and the role of carbonic anhydrase II activators in osteopetrosis treatment. A brief introduction to the pathogenesis of dental abnormalities and regeneration is provided in this survey. A discussion of types of osteopetrosis depending on genetic inheritance, such as autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, and X-linked inheritance osteopetrosis, is presented in this survey. The paper also focuses on the importance of carbonic anhydrase II activators as a potential drug therapy for dental osteopetrosis. In addition, a brief note on the role of azole and fluconazole in treating osteopetrosis is given. Finally, future directions involving gene therapy for dental osteopetrosis are described.
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9
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Kikuchi H, Amofa E, Mcenery M, Schey SA, Ramasamy K, Farzaneh F, Calle Y. Inhibition of PI3K Class IA Kinases Using GDC-0941 Overcomes Cytoprotection of Multiple Myeloma Cells in the Osteoclastic Bone Marrow Microenvironment Enhancing the Efficacy of Current Clinical Therapeutics. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:462. [PMID: 36672411 PMCID: PMC9856454 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts contribute to bone marrow (BM)-mediated drug resistance in multiple myeloma (MM) by providing cytoprotective cues. Additionally, 80% of patients develop osteolytic lesions, which is a major cause of morbidity in MM. Although targeting osteoclast function is critical to improve MM therapies, pre-clinical studies rarely consider overcoming osteoclast-mediated cytoprotection within the selection criteria of drug candidates. We have performed a drug screening and identified PI3K as a key regulator of a signalling node associated with resistance to dexamethasone lenalidomide, pomalidomide, and bortezomib mediated by osteoclasts and BM fibroblastic stromal cells, which was blocked by the pan-PI3K Class IA inhibitor GDC-0941. Additionally, GDC-0941 repressed the maturation of osteoclasts derived from MM patients and disrupted the organisation of the F-actin cytoskeleton in sealing zones required for bone degradation, correlating with decreased bone resorption by osteoclasts. In vivo, GDC-0941 improved the efficacy of dexamethasone against MM in the syngeneic GFP-5T33/C57-Rawji mouse model. Taken together, our results indicate that GDC-0941 in combination with currently used therapeutic agents could effectively kill MM cells in the presence of the cytoprotective BM microenvironment while inhibiting bone resorption by osteoclasts. These data support investigating GDC-0941 in combination with currently used therapeutic drugs for MM patients with active bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh Kikuchi
- Department of Haemato-Oncology, King’s College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Eunice Amofa
- Department of Haemato-Oncology, King’s College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Maeve Mcenery
- Department of Haemato-Oncology, King’s College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Steve Arthur Schey
- Department of Haemato-Oncology, King’s College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
- Department of Haematology, Guys Hospital, Guys and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Karthik Ramasamy
- Royal Berkshire Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Farzin Farzaneh
- Department of Haemato-Oncology, King’s College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Yolanda Calle
- School of Life Sciences and Health, University of Roehampton, London SW15 4JD, UK
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10
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Wu Z, Li X, Chen X, He X, Chen Y, Zhang L, Li Z, Yang M, Yuan G, Shi B, Chen N, Li N, Feng H, Zhou M, Rui G, Xu F, Xu R. Phosphatidyl Inositol 3-Kinase (PI3K)-Inhibitor CDZ173 protects against LPS-induced osteolysis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:1021714. [PMID: 36686650 PMCID: PMC9854393 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1021714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A major complication of a joint replacement is prosthesis loosening caused by inflammatory osteolysis, leading to the revision of the operation. This is due to the abnormal activation of osteoclast differentiation and function caused by periprosthetic infection. Therefore, targeting abnormally activated osteoclasts is still effective for treating osteolytic inflammatory diseases. CDZ173 is a selective PI3K inhibitor widely used in autoimmune-related diseases and inflammatory diseases and is currently under clinical development. However, the role and mechanism of CDZ173 in osteoclast-related bone metabolism remain unclear. The possibility for treating aseptic prosthesis loosening brought on by inflammatory osteolysis illness can be assessed using an LPS-induced mouse cranial calcium osteolysis model. In this study, we report for the first time that CDZ173 has a protective effect on LPS-induced osteolysis. The data show that this protective effect is due to CDZ173 inhibiting the activation of osteoclasts in vivo. Meanwhile, our result demonstrated that CDZ173 had a significant inhibitory effect on RANKL-induced osteoclasts. Furthermore, using the hydroxyapatite resorption pit assay and podosol actin belt staining, respectively, the inhibitory impact of CDZ173 on bone resorption and osteoclast fusion of pre-OC was determined. In addition, staining with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alizarin red (AR) revealed that CDZ173 had no effect on osteoblast development in vitro. Lastly, CDZ173 inhibited the differentiation and function of osteoclasts by weakening the signal axis of PI3K-AKT/MAPK-NFATc1 in osteoclasts. In conclusion, our results highlight the potential pharmacological role of CDZ173 in preventing osteoclast-mediated inflammatory osteolysis and its potential clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuoxing Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University-ICMRS Collaborating Center for Skeletal Stem Cell, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xuedong Li
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University-ICMRS Collaborating Center for Skeletal Stem Cell, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xuemei He
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University-ICMRS Collaborating Center for Skeletal Stem Cell, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yu Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University-ICMRS Collaborating Center for Skeletal Stem Cell, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Long Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University-ICMRS Collaborating Center for Skeletal Stem Cell, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zan Li
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mengyu Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University-ICMRS Collaborating Center for Skeletal Stem Cell, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Guixin Yuan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University-ICMRS Collaborating Center for Skeletal Stem Cell, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Baohong Shi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University-ICMRS Collaborating Center for Skeletal Stem Cell, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ning Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University-ICMRS Collaborating Center for Skeletal Stem Cell, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Haotian Feng
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co. Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Mengyu Zhou
- Department of Dentistry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Gang Rui
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Subject Planning, Ninth People's Hospital Shanghai, Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ren Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University-ICMRS Collaborating Center for Skeletal Stem Cell, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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11
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Jin R, Zhang H, Lin C, Guo J, Zou W, Chen Z, Liu H. Inhibition of miR338 rescues cleidocranial dysplasia in Runx2 mutant mice partially via the Hif1a-Vegfa axis. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:69-80. [PMID: 36599929 PMCID: PMC9898552 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00914-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Haploinsufficiency of Runt-related transcription factor-2 (RUNX2) is responsible for cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD), a rare hereditary disease with a range of defects, including delayed closure of the cranial sutures and short stature. Symptom-based treatments, such as a combined surgical-orthodontic approach, are commonly used to treat CCD patients. However, there have been few reports of treatments based on Runx2-specific regulation targeting dwarfism symptoms. Previously, we found that the miR338 cluster, a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for postmenopausal osteoporosis, could directly target Runx2 during osteoblast differentiation in vitro. Here, we generated miR338-/-;Runx2+/- mice to investigate whether inhibition of miR338 could rescue CCD defects caused by Runx2 mutation in vivo. We found that the dwarfism phenotype caused by Runx2 haploinsufficiency was recovered in miR338-/-;Runx2+/- mice, with complete bone density restoration and quicker closure of fontanels. Single-cell RNA-seq analysis revealed that knockout of miR338 specifically rescued the osteoblast lineage priming ability of bone marrow stromal cells in Runx2+/- femurs, which was further confirmed by Osterix-specific conditional knockout of miR338 in Runx2+/- mice (OsxCre; miR338 fl/fl;Runx2+/-). Mechanistically, ablation of the miR338 cluster in Runx2+/- femurs directly rescued the Hif1a-Vegfa pathway in Runx2+/- osteoblasts, as proven by gene expression profiles and ChIP and Re-ChIP assays. Collectively, our data revealed the genetic interaction between Runx2 and the miR338 cluster during osteoblast differentiation and implied that the miR338 cluster could be a potential therapeutic target for CCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runze Jin
- grid.49470.3e0000 0001 2331 6153The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079 China
| | - Hanshu Zhang
- grid.49470.3e0000 0001 2331 6153The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079 China
| | - Chujiao Lin
- grid.49470.3e0000 0001 2331 6153The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079 China ,grid.168645.80000 0001 0742 0364Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
| | - Jinqiang Guo
- grid.49470.3e0000 0001 2331 6153The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079 China
| | - Weiguo Zou
- grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, China.
| | - Huan Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, China. .,Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China. .,Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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12
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A Novel lncRNA Mediates the Delayed Tooth Eruption of Cleidocranial Dysplasia. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172729. [PMID: 36078141 PMCID: PMC9454660 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Delayed eruption of permanent teeth is a common symptom of cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD). Previous studies have focused on the anomaly of osteogenesis resulting from mutations in the Runt-related transcription factor-2 gene (RUNX2). However, deficiencies in osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption, and the epigenetic regulation mediated by long non-coding (lnc)RNAs in CCD remain to be elucidated. Here, a novel osteoclast-specific lncRNA (OC-lncRNA) was identified during the osteoclast differentiation of RAW 264.7 cells transfected with a RUNX2 mutation expression cassette. We further confirmed that OC-lncRNA positively regulated osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. The OC-lncRNA promoted the expression of CXC chemokine receptor type 3 (CXCR3) by competitively binding to microRNA (miR)-221-5p. The CXCR3–CXC-motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) interaction and nuclear factor-κB constituted a positive feedback that positively regulated osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. These results demonstrate that OC-lncRNA-mediated osteoclast dysfunction via the OC-lncRNA–miR-221-5p–CXCR3 axis, which is involved in the process of delayed tooth eruption of CCD.
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13
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A Review of Signaling Transduction Mechanisms in Osteoclastogenesis Regulation by Autophagy, Inflammation, and Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179846. [PMID: 36077242 PMCID: PMC9456406 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclastogenesis is an ongoing rigorous course that includes osteoclast precursors fusion and bone resorption executed by degradative enzymes. Osteoclastogenesis is controlled by endogenous signaling and/or regulators or affected by exogenous conditions and can also be controlled both internally and externally. More evidence indicates that autophagy, inflammation, and immunity are closely related to osteoclastogenesis and involve multiple intracellular organelles (e.g., lysosomes and autophagosomes) and certain inflammatory or immunological factors. Based on the literature on osteoclastogenesis induced by different regulatory aspects, emerging basic cross-studies have reported the emerging disquisitive orientation for osteoclast differentiation and function. In this review, we summarize the partial potential therapeutic targets for osteoclast differentiation and function, including the signaling pathways and various cellular processes.
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14
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Zhang Y, Duan X. A Novel 90-kbp Deletion of RUNX2 Associated with Cleidocranial Dysplasia. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:1128. [PMID: 35885911 PMCID: PMC9322484 DOI: 10.3390/genes13071128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is a rare autosomal dominant skeletal dysplasia caused by runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) mutations. In addition to the regular missense, small or large fragment deletions are the common mutation types of RUNX2. This study aimed to find the rules of deletions in RUNX2. The clinical information of one Chinese CCD family was collected. Genomic DNA was extracted for whole-exome sequencing (WES). Bioinformatics analyzed the pathogenicity of the variants. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Sanger sequencing were carried out using specific primers. RT-PCR and Q-PCR were also used to detect the mRNA level of RUNX2. The CCD studies related with deletions in RUNX2 from 1999 to 2021 from HGMD and PubMed were collected and analyzed for the relationship between the phenotypes and the length of deleted fragments. The proband presented typical CCD features, including delayed closure of cranial sutures, clavicle dysplasia, abnormal teeth. WES, PCR with specific primers and Sanger sequencing revealed a novel heterozygous 90-kbp deletion in RUNX2 (NG_008020.2 g.103671~193943), which caused a substitution (p.Asn183Ile) and premature termination (p.Asp184*). In addition, the mRNA expression of RUNX2 was decreased by 75.5% in the proband. Herein, 31 types of deletions varying from 2 bp to 800 kbp or covering the whole gene of RUNX2 were compared and the significant phenotypic difference was not found among these deletions. The CCD phenotypes were related with the final effects of RUNX2 mutation instead of the length of deletion. WES has the defects in identifying large indels, and direct PCR with specific primers and Sanger sequencing could make up for the shortcoming.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaohong Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Biology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China;
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15
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de Wildt BWM, Ito K, Hofmann S. Human Platelet Lysate as Alternative of Fetal Bovine Serum for Enhanced Human In Vitro Bone Resorption and Remodeling. Front Immunol 2022; 13:915277. [PMID: 35795685 PMCID: PMC9251547 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.915277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction To study human physiological and pathological bone remodeling while addressing the principle of replacement, reduction and refinement of animal experiments (3Rs), human in vitro bone remodeling models are being developed. Despite increasing safety-, scientific-, and ethical concerns, fetal bovine serum (FBS), a nutritional medium supplement, is still routinely used in these models. To comply with the 3Rs and to improve the reproducibility of such in vitro models, xenogeneic-free medium supplements should be investigated. Human platelet lysate (hPL) might be a good alternative as it has been shown to accelerate osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and improve subsequent mineralization. However, for a human in vitro bone model, hPL should also be able to adequately support osteoclastic differentiation and subsequent bone resorption. In addition, optimizing co-culture medium conditions in mono-cultures might lead to unequal stimulation of co-cultured cells. Methods We compared supplementation with 10% FBS vs. 10%, 5%, and 2.5% hPL for osteoclast formation and resorption by human monocytes (MCs) in mono-culture and in co-culture with (osteogenically stimulated) human MSCs. Results and Discussion Supplementation of hPL can lead to a less donor-dependent and more homogeneous osteoclastic differentiation of MCs when compared to supplementation with 10% FBS. In co-cultures, osteoclastic differentiation and resorption in the 10% FBS group was almost completely inhibited by MSCs, while the supplementation with hPL still allowed for resorption, mostly at low concentrations. The addition of hPL to osteogenically stimulated MSC mono- and MC-MSC co-cultures resulted in osteogenic differentiation and bone-like matrix formation, mostly at high concentrations. Conclusion We conclude that hPL could support both osteoclastic differentiation of human MCs and osteogenic differentiation of human MSCs in mono- and in co-culture, and that this can be balanced by the hPL concentration. Thus, the use of hPL could limit the need for FBS, which is currently commonly accepted for in vitro bone remodeling models.
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16
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Multiple roles of Runt-related transcription factor-2 in tooth eruption: bone formation and resorption. Arch Oral Biol 2022; 141:105484. [PMID: 35749976 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2022.105484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to provide a comprehensive review of the current knowledge of the multiple roles of Runt-related transcription factor-2 (RUNX2) in regulating tooth eruption, focusing on the molecular mechanisms regarding tooth eruption mediated by RUNX2. DESIGN Relevant literatures in PubMed, Medline, and Scopus database were searched, and a narrative review was performed. The multiple roles of RUNX2 in regulating tooth eruption was reviewed and discussed. RESULTS Aberrant RUNX2 expression leads to disturbed or failed tooth eruption. Tooth eruption involves both the process of bone formation and bone resorption. RUNX2 promotes osteogenesis around the radicular portion of the dental follicle that provides the biological force for tooth eruption through inducing the expression of osteogenesis-related genes in dental follicle cells/osteoblasts. On the other hand, through indirect and direct pathways, RUNX2 regulates osteoclastogenesis and the formation of the eruption pathway. CONCLUSION RUNX2 exerts a pivotal and complex influence in regulating tooth eruption. This review provides a better understanding of the function of RUNX2 in tooth eruption, which is beneficial to illuminate the precise molecular mechanism of osteogenesis and bone resorption, aiding the development of effective therapy for the failure of tooth eruption.
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17
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Wu F, Li B, Hu X, Yu F, Shi Y, Ye L. Wnt7b Inhibits Osteoclastogenesis via AKT Activation and Glucose Metabolic Rewiring. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:771336. [PMID: 34881243 PMCID: PMC8645835 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.771336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The imbalance between bone formation and bone resorption causes osteoporosis, which leads to severe bone fractures. It is known that increases in osteoclast numbers and activities are the main reasons for increasing bone resorption. Although extensive studies have investigated the regulation of osteoclastogenesis of bone marrow macrophages (BMMs), new pharmacological avenues still need to be unveiled for clinical purpose. Wnt ligands have been widely demonstrated as stimulators of bone formation; however, the inhibitory effect of the Wnt pathway in osteoclastogenesis is largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that Wnt7b, a potent Wnt ligand that enhances bone formation and increases bone mass, also abolishes osteoclastogenesis in vitro. Importantly, enforced expression of Wnt in bone marrow macrophage lineage cells significantly disrupts osteoclast formation and activity, which leads to a dramatic increase in bone mass. Mechanistically, Wnt7b impacts the glucose metabolic process and AKT activation during osteoclastogenesis. Thus, we demonstrate that Wnt7b diminishes osteoclast formation, which will be beneficial for osteoporosis therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanzi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Boer Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuchen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fanyuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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18
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Controlled release of dopamine coatings on titanium bidirectionally regulate osteoclastic and osteogenic response behaviors. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 129:112376. [PMID: 34579895 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Bone diseases, for example, osteoporosis, cause excessive differentiation of osteoclasts and decreased bone formation, resulting in imbalance of bone remodeling and poor osseointegration, which can be considered a relative contraindication for titanium implants. Dopamine (DA) might provide a solution to this problem by inhibiting osteoclasts and promoting osteoblasts at different concentrations. However, current commercial implants cannot load bone-active molecules, such as DA. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a surface modification method for implants to achieve a controlled release of DA and enhance the resistance of titanium implants to bone resorption and bone regeneration. DA-loaded alginate-arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) (AlgR) coatings on a vaterite-modified titanium surface were successfully assembled, which continuously and steadily released DA. In vitro studies have shown that materials showing good biocompatibility can not only inhibit receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (NFκB) ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis but also enhance the adhesion and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). The optimal DA-loaded concentration of this bidirectional regulation is 100 μM. Interestingly, DA more effectively attenuated osteoclastogenesis when released in a sustained manner from titanium coatings than it did via traditional, free administration, and the alginate-RGD coating and DA clearly exhibited great synergy. This study provides a design of titanium implant surface modification to improve bone remodeling around implants.
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19
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Lee S, Hong N, Kim Y, Park S, Kim KJ, Jeong J, Jung HI, Rhee Y. Circulating miR-122-5p and miR-375 as Potential Biomarkers for Bone Mass Recovery after Parathyroidectomy in Patients with Primary Hyperparathyroidism: A Proof-of-Concept Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:1704. [PMID: 34574045 PMCID: PMC8472510 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11091704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is the leading cause of secondary osteoporosis. Although bone mineral density (BMD) tends to recover after parathyroidectomy in PHPT patients, the degree of recovery varies. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) profiles are known to be correlated with osteoporosis and fracture. We aimed to investigate whether osteoporotic fracture-related miRNAs are associated with postoperative BMD recovery in PHPT. Here, 16 previously identified osteoporotic fracture-related miRNAs were selected. We analyzed the association between the preoperative level of each miRNA and total hip (TH) BMD change. All 12 patients (among the 18 patients enrolled) were cured of PHPT after parathyroidectomy as parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcium levels were restored to the normal range. Preoperative miR-19b-3p, miR-122-5p, and miR-375 showed a negative association with the percent changes in TH BMD from baseline. The association remained robust for miR-122-5p and miR-375 even after adjusting for sex, age, PTH, and procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide levels in a multivariable model. In conclusion, preoperative circulating miR-122-5p and miR-375 levels were negatively associated with TH BMD changes after parathyroidectomy in PHPT patients. miRNAs have the potential to serve as predictive biomarkers of treatment response in PHPT patients, which merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghyun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (S.L.); (N.H.)
| | - Namki Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (S.L.); (N.H.)
| | - Yongnyun Kim
- Yonsei University Health System, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Sunyoung Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea; (S.P.); (H.-I.J.)
| | - Kyoung-Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Korea;
| | - Jongju Jeong
- Department of Surgery, Thyroid Cancer Clinic, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Hyo-Il Jung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea; (S.P.); (H.-I.J.)
| | - Yumie Rhee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (S.L.); (N.H.)
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20
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da Silva Sasso GR, Florencio-Silva R, Sasso-Cerri E, Gil CD, de Jesus Simões M, Cerri PS. Spatio-temporal immunolocalization of VEGF-A, Runx2, and osterix during the early steps of intramembranous ossification of the alveolar process in rat embryos. Dev Biol 2021; 478:133-143. [PMID: 34245724 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) is expressed by several cell types and is a crucial factor for angiogenic-osteogenic coupling. However, the immunolocalization of VEGF-A during the early stages of the alveolar process formation remains underexplored. Thus, we analyzed the spatio-temporal immunolocalization of VEGF-A and its relationship with Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and osterix (Osx) during the early steps of intramembranous ossification of the alveolar process in rat embryos. Embryo heads (E) of 16, 18 and 20-day-old rats were processed for paraffin embedding. Histomorphometry and immunohistochemistry to detect VEGF-A, Runx2, and Osx (osteoblast differentiation markers) were performed. The volume density of bone tissue including bone cells and blood vessels increased significantly in E18 and E20. Cells showing high VEGF-A immunoreactivity were initially observed within a perivascular niche in the ectomesenchyme; afterwards, these cells were diffusely located near bone formation sites. Runx2-and Osx-immunopositive cells were observed in corresponded regions of cells showing strong VEGF-A immunoreactivity. Although these immunostained cells were observed in all specimens, this immunolocalization pattern was more evident in E16 specimens and gradually decreased in E18 and E20 specimens. Double immunofluorescence labelling showed intracellular co-localization of Osx and VEGF-A in cells surrounding the developing alveolar process, indicating a crucial role of VEGF-A in osteoblast differentiation. Our results showed VEGF-A immunoexpression in osteoblasts and its precursors during the maxillary alveolar process formation of rat embryos. Moreover, the VEGF-A-positive cells located within a perivascular niche at the early stages of the alveolar process development suggest a crosstalk between endothelium and ectomesenchymal cells, reinforcing the angiogenic-osteogenic coupling in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Rodrigues da Silva Sasso
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, Escola Paulista de Medicina - EPM, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Disciplina de Histologia e Biologia Estrutural, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, Escola Paulista de Medicina - EPM, Departamento de Ginecologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rinaldo Florencio-Silva
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, Escola Paulista de Medicina - EPM, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Disciplina de Histologia e Biologia Estrutural, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Estela Sasso-Cerri
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara - Department of Morphology, Genetics, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry - Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Damas Gil
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, Escola Paulista de Medicina - EPM, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Disciplina de Histologia e Biologia Estrutural, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Manuel de Jesus Simões
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, Escola Paulista de Medicina - EPM, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Disciplina de Histologia e Biologia Estrutural, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Sérgio Cerri
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara - Department of Morphology, Genetics, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry - Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
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21
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Gao Q, Hou Y, Li Z, Hu J, Huo D, Zheng H, Zhang J, Yao X, Gao R, Wu X, Sui L. mTORC2 regulates hierarchical micro/nano topography-induced osteogenic differentiation via promoting cell adhesion and cytoskeletal polymerization. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:6695-6708. [PMID: 34114337 PMCID: PMC8278073 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface topography acts as an irreplaceable role in the long‐term success of intraosseous implants. In this study, we prepared the hierarchical micro/nano topography using selective laser melting combined with alkali heat treatment (SLM‐AHT) and explored the underlying mechanism of SLM‐AHT surface‐elicited osteogenesis. Our results show that cells cultured on SLM‐AHT surface possess the largest number of mature FAs and exhibit a cytoskeleton reorganization compared with control groups. SLM‐AHT surface could also significantly upregulate the expression of the cell adhesion‐related molecule p‐FAK, the osteogenic differentiation‐related molecules RUNX2 and OCN as well as the mTORC2 signalling pathway key molecule Rictor. Notably, after the knocked‐down of Rictor, there were no longer significant differences in the gene expression levels of the cell adhesion‐related molecules and osteogenic differentiation‐related molecules among the three titanium surfaces, and the cells on SLM‐AHT surface failed to trigger cytoskeleton reorganization. In conclusion, the results suggest that mTORC2 can regulate the hierarchical micro/nano topography‐mediated osteogenesis via cell adhesion and cytoskeletal reorganization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Gao
- Department of Prosthodontics, Tianjin Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuying Hou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Prosthodontics, Tianjin Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinyang Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dawei Huo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huimin Zheng
- Department of Prosthodontics, Tianjin Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Junjiang Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Tianjin Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yao
- Department of Prosthodontics, Tianjin Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui Gao
- International Education College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xudong Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Sui
- Department of Prosthodontics, Tianjin Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin, China
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