1
|
Huang X, Lin R, Liu H, Dai M, Guo J, Hui W, Liu W, Haerken M, Zheng R, Yushanjiang T, Gao F. Resatorvid (TAK-242) Ameliorates Ulcerative Colitis by Modulating Macrophage Polarization and T Helper Cell Balance via TLR4/JAK2/STAT3 Signaling Pathway. Inflammation 2024:10.1007/s10753-024-02028-z. [PMID: 38760646 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-024-02028-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Resatorvid (TAK-242), a specific inhibitor of Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4), has attracted attention for its anti-inflammatory properties. Despite this, few studies have evaluated its effects on ulcerative colitis (UC). This study aimed to investigate the effects of TAK-242 on macrophage polarization and T helper cell balance and the mechanism by which it alleviates UC. Our findings indicated that TLR4 expression was elevated in patients with UC, a mouse model of UC, and HT29 cells undergoing an inflammatory response. TAK‑242 treatment reduced apoptosis in TNF-α and LPS-stimulated HT29 cells and alleviated symptoms of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‑induced colitis in vivo. TAK‑242 downregulated TLR4 expression and decreased the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β while enhancing IL-10 production. TAK-242 also reduced M1 macrophage polarization and diminished Th1 and Th17 cell infiltration while increasing Th2 cell infiltration and M2 macrophage polarization both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, TAK-242 inhibited the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway, an important regulator of macrophage polarization and T helper cell balance. Furthermore, the in vivo and in vitro effects of TAK-242 were partially negated by the administration of the JAK2/STAT3 antagonist AG490, suggesting that TAK-242 inhibits the JAK2/STAT3 pathway to exert its biological activities. Taken together, this study underscores TAK-242 as a promising anti-UC agent, functioning by modulating macrophage polarization and T helper cell balance via the TLR4/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830001, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, 830001, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Rong Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830001, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, 830001, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Mengying Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830001, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, 830001, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jiejie Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830001, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, 830001, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Wenjia Hui
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830001, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, 830001, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Weidong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830001, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, 830001, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Milamuguli Haerken
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830001, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, 830001, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Ruixue Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830001, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, 830001, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Tangnuer Yushanjiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830001, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, 830001, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830001, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China.
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, 830001, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kawai T, Ikegawa M, Ori D, Akira S. Decoding Toll-like receptors: Recent insights and perspectives in innate immunity. Immunity 2024; 57:649-673. [PMID: 38599164 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are an evolutionarily conserved family in the innate immune system and are the first line of host defense against microbial pathogens by recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). TLRs, categorized into cell surface and endosomal subfamilies, recognize diverse PAMPs, and structural elucidation of TLRs and PAMP complexes has revealed their intricate mechanisms. TLRs activate common and specific signaling pathways to shape immune responses. Recent studies have shown the importance of post-transcriptional regulation in TLR-mediated inflammatory responses. Despite their protective functions, aberrant responses of TLRs contribute to inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Understanding the delicate balance between TLR activation and regulatory mechanisms is crucial for deciphering their dual role in immune defense and disease pathogenesis. This review provides an overview of recent insights into the history of TLR discovery, elucidation of TLR ligands and signaling pathways, and their relevance to various diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taro Kawai
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunobiology, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Nara 630-0192, Japan; Life Science Collaboration Center (LiSCo), Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Nara 630-0192, Japan.
| | - Moe Ikegawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunobiology, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ori
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunobiology, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Shizuo Akira
- Center for Advanced Modalities and DSS (CAMaD), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Laboratory of Host Defense, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Struckmeier AK, Wehrhan F, Preidl R, Mike M, Mönch T, Eilers L, Ries J, Trumet L, Lutz R, Geppert C, Kesting M, Weber M. Alterations in macrophage polarization in the craniofacial and extracranial skeleton after zoledronate application and surgical interventions - an in vivo experiment. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1204188. [PMID: 37292209 PMCID: PMC10244663 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1204188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Medication-related osteonecrosis occurs exclusively in the jaw bones. However, the exact pathogenesis of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) and the unique predisposition of the jaw bones have not been elucidated, making its treatment a challenge. Recent evidence indicates that macrophages might play a pivotal role in MRONJ pathogenesis. The aim of the present study was to compare the macrophage populations between the craniofacial and extracranial skeleton and to investigate the changes induced by zoledronate (Zol) application and surgical interventions. Materials and methods An in vivo experiment was performed. 120 wistar rats were randomized to 4 groups (G1, G2, G3, G4). G1 served as an untreated control group. G2 and G4 received Zol injections for 8 weeks. Afterwards, the right lower molar of the animals from G3 and G4 was extracted and the right tibia osteotomized followed by osteosynthesis. Tissue samples were taken from the extraction socket and the tibia fracture at fixed time points. Immunohistochemistry was conducted to determine the labeling indexes of CD68+ and CD163+ macrophages. Results Comparing the mandible and the tibia, we observed a significantly higher number of macrophages and a heightened pro-inflammatory environment in the mandible compared to the tibia. Tooth extraction caused an increase of the overall number of macrophages and a shift toward a more pro-inflammatory microenvironment in the mandible. Zol application amplified this effect. Conclusion Our results indicate fundamental immunological differences between the jaw bone and the tibia, which might be a reason for the unique predisposition for MRONJ in the jaw bones. The more pro-inflammatory environment after Zol application and tooth extraction might contribute to the pathogenesis of MRONJ. Targeting macrophages might represent an attractive strategy to prevent MRONJ and improve therapy. In addition, our results support the hypothesis of an anti-tumoral and anti-metastatic effect induced by BPs. However, further studies are needed to delineate the mechanisms and specify the contributions of the various macrophage phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kristin Struckmeier
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nürnberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Falk Wehrhan
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nürnberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Raimund Preidl
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nürnberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Melanie Mike
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nürnberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tina Mönch
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nürnberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lea Eilers
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nürnberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jutta Ries
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nürnberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Leah Trumet
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nürnberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rainer Lutz
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nürnberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carol Geppert
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marco Kesting
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nürnberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Manuel Weber
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nürnberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang J, Sun Y, Sun C, Shang D. The antimicrobial peptide LK2(6)A(L) exhibits anti-inflammatory activity by binding to the myeloid differentiation 2 domain and protects against LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice. Bioorg Chem 2023; 132:106376. [PMID: 36706531 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a life-threatening disease that is generally attributable to an uncontrolled inflammatory response in the lung, but there is a lack of effective treatments. At present, regulating the inflammatory response has become an important strategy for treating ALI. In the present study, LK2(6)A(L), a peptide derived from the natural antimicrobial peptide temporin-1CEa, inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and NO in RAW264.7 cells. Herein, the anti-inflammatory mechanism of LK2(6)A(L) was investigated. The RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) results showed that LK2(6)A(L) significantly inhibited the TLR4-mediated NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. The results of co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP), pull-down experiment, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) suggested that MD2 was the direct target of LK2(6)A(L). Chemical inhibition of MD2 and its knockdown abolished the anti-inflammatory effect of LK2(6)A(L). Molecular dynamic simulation indicated that LK2(6)A(L) could bind to the active domain of the MD2 hydrophobic pocket via six hydrogen bonds. The truncated peptides were designed based on analysis of the molecular docking of LK2(6)A(L) to MD2. The truncated peptide IS-7 showed strong affinity to MD2 and a remarkable inhibitory effect on pro-inflammatory factors that was comparable to the effect of LK2(6)A(L). Finally, LK2(6)A(L) and IS-7 relieved inflammatory symptoms and lung tissue destruction in the ALI mouse model. Overall, our study suggested that LK2(6)A(L) showed promising anti-inflammatory activity by targeting MD2, and the amino acid domain 7-13 was an important area that binds with MD2 and also an anti-inflammatory active region. LK2(6)A(L) and IS-7 may be potential new treatments for ALI and other acute inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Yue Sun
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Chengpeng Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Dejing Shang
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ficus pandurata Hance Inhibits Ulcerative Colitis and Colitis-Associated Secondary Liver Damage of Mice by Enhancing Antioxidation Activity. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:2617881. [PMID: 34966476 PMCID: PMC8710911 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2617881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a global disease threatening human health, is commonly accompanied by secondary liver damage (SLD) mediated by the gut-liver axis. Oxidative stress acts a critical role in the onset of IBD, during which excessive oxidation would destroy the tight junctions between intestinal cells, promote proinflammatory factors to penetrate, and thereby damage the intestinal mucosa. Ficus pandurata Hance (FPH) is widely used for daily health care in South China. Our previous study showed that FPH protected acute liver damage induced by alcohol. However, there is no study reporting FPH treating ulcerative colitis (UC). This study is designed to investigate whether FPH could inhibit UC and reveal its potential mechanism. The results showed that FPH significantly alleviated the UC disease symptoms including the body weight loss, disease activity index (DAI), stool consistency changing, rectal bleeding, and colon length loss of UC mice induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) and reversed the influences of DSS on myeloperoxidase (MPO) and diamine oxidase activity (DAO). FPH suppressed UC via inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway and strengthened the gut barrier of mice via increasing the expressions of ZO-1 and occludin and enhancing the colonic antioxidative stress property by increasing the levels of T-SOD and GSH-Px and the expressions of NRF2, HO-1, and NQO1 and reducing MDA level and Keap1, p22-phox, and NOX2 expressions. Furthermore, FPH significantly inhibited SLD related to colitis by reducing the abnormal levels of the liver index, ALT, AST, and cytokines including TNFα, LPS, LBP, sCD14, and IL-18 in the livers, as well as decreasing the protein expressions of NLRP3, TNFα, LBP, CD14, TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB, and p-NF-κB, suggesting that FPH alleviated UC-related SLD via suppressing inflammation mediated by inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway. Our study firstly investigates the anticolitis pharmacological efficacy of FPH, suggesting that it can be enlarged to treat colitis and colitis-associated liver diseases in humans.
Collapse
|
6
|
Toll-Like Receptors as Drug Targets in the Intestinal Epithelium. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 276:291-314. [PMID: 34783909 DOI: 10.1007/164_2021_563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) receptors are responsible for initiation of inflammatory responses by their recognition of molecular patterns present in invading microorganisms (such as bacteria, viruses or fungi) or in molecules released following tissue damage in disease states. Expressed in the intestinal epithelium, they initiate an intracellular signalling cascade in response to molecular patterns resulting in the activation of transcription factors and the release of cytokines, chemokines and vasoactive molecules. Intestinal epithelial cells are exposed to microorganisms on a daily basis and form part of the primary defence against pathogens by using TLRs. TLRs and their accessory molecules are subject to tight regulation in these cells so as to not overreact or react in unnecessary circumstances. TLRs have more recently been associated with chronic inflammatory diseases as a result of inappropriate regulation, this can be damaging and lead to chronic inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Targeting Toll-like receptors offers a potential therapeutic approach for IBD. In this review, the current knowledge on the TLRs is reviewed along with their association with intestinal diseases. Finally, compounds that target TLRs in animal models of IBD, clinic trials and their future merit as targets are discussed.
Collapse
|
7
|
Li Y, Pan X, Yin M, Li C, Han L. Preventive Effect of Lycopene in Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Ulcerative Colitis Mice through the Regulation of TLR4/TRIF/NF-κB Signaling Pathway and Tight Junctions. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:13500-13509. [PMID: 34729976 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The preventive effect and molecular mechanism of lycopene (LP) in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) in mice were evaluated. Compared to the DSS group, the LP prevention groups not only significantly inhibited the DSS-induced weight loss, decreased the disease activity index (DAI) score, increased the colon length, and improved inflammation in the colon but also significantly increased the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD),catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and glutathione (GSH) in the colon and reduced inflammatory cytokine, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Notably, when compared to the DSS group, the protein expression levels of TLR4, TRIF, and p-NF-κB p65 in the mice colon tissue were downregulated and those of tight junction-related proteins were upregulated in the LP + DSS group, with the most significant effect observed in the 10 mg/kg LP + DSS group. These results confirmed that the upregulation of tight junction-related protein expression after blocking the TLR4/TRIF/NF-κB signaling pathway may be one of the mechanisms through which LP prevents UC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Li
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, Ministry of Education & College of Public Health, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Xiao Pan
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, Ministry of Education & College of Public Health, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Mingyuan Yin
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, Ministry of Education & College of Public Health, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Cuiping Li
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, Ministry of Education & College of Public Health, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Lirong Han
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, Ministry of Education & College of Public Health, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Facchini F, Minotti A, Luraghi A, Romerio A, Gotri N, Matamoros-Recio A, Iannucci A, Palmer C, Wang G, Ingram R, Martin-Santamaria S, Pirianov G, De Andrea M, Valvano MA, Peri F. Synthetic Glycolipids as Molecular Vaccine Adjuvants: Mechanism of Action in Human Cells and In Vivo Activity. J Med Chem 2021; 64:12261-12272. [PMID: 34382796 PMCID: PMC8404200 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Modern adjuvants for vaccine formulations are immunostimulating agents whose action is based on the activation of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) by well-defined ligands to boost innate and adaptive immune responses. Monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA), a detoxified analogue of lipid A, is a clinically approved adjuvant that stimulates toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). The synthesis of MPLA poses manufacturing and quality assessment challenges. Bridging this gap, we report here the development and preclinical testing of chemically simplified TLR4 agonists that could sustainably be produced in high purity and on a large scale. Underpinned by computational and biological experiments, we show that synthetic monosaccharide-based molecules (FP compounds) bind to the TLR4/MD-2 dimer with submicromolar affinities stabilizing the active receptor conformation. This results in the activation of MyD88- and TRIF-dependent TLR4 signaling and the NLRP3 inflammasome. FP compounds lack in vivo toxicity and exhibit adjuvant activity by stimulating antibody responses with a potency comparable to MPLA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio
A. Facchini
- Department
of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University
of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Alberto Minotti
- Department
of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University
of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Luraghi
- Department
of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University
of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessio Romerio
- Department
of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University
of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Nicole Gotri
- Department
of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University
of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Alejandra Matamoros-Recio
- Department
of Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro
de Investigaciones Biologicas Margarita Salas, C/Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Iannucci
- Department
of Translational Medicine, University of
Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy
- CAAD—Center
for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Charys Palmer
- Department
of Biomedical and Forensic Sciences, Anglia
Ruskin University, East Road, Cambridge CB1
1PT, U.K.
| | - Guanbo Wang
- The Wellcome-Wolfson
Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s
University of Belfast; 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, U.K.
| | - Rebecca Ingram
- The Wellcome-Wolfson
Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s
University of Belfast; 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, U.K.
| | - Sonsoles Martin-Santamaria
- Department
of Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro
de Investigaciones Biologicas Margarita Salas, C/Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Grisha Pirianov
- Department
of Biomedical and Forensic Sciences, Anglia
Ruskin University, East Road, Cambridge CB1
1PT, U.K.
| | - Marco De Andrea
- CAAD—Center
for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Department
of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Medical School, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Miguel A. Valvano
- The Wellcome-Wolfson
Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s
University of Belfast; 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, U.K.
| | - Francesco Peri
- Department
of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University
of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Palmer C, Facchini FA, Jones RP, Neumann F, Peri F, Pirianov G. Synthetic glycolipid-based TLR4 antagonists negatively regulate TRIF-dependent TLR4 signalling in human macrophages. Innate Immun 2021; 27:275-284. [PMID: 33858242 PMCID: PMC8054148 DOI: 10.1177/17534259211005840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
TLRs, including TLR4, play a crucial role in inflammatory-based diseases, and TLR4 has been identified as a therapeutic target for pharmacological intervention. In previous studies, we investigated the potential of FP7, a novel synthetic glycolipid active as a TLR4 antagonist, to inhibit haematopoietic and non-haematopoietic MyD88-dependent TLR4 pro-inflammatory signalling. The main aim of this study was to investigate the action of FP7 and its derivative FP12 on MyD88-independent TLR4 signalling in THP-1 derived macrophages. Western blotting, Ab array and ELISA approaches were used to explore the effect of FP7 and FP12 on TRIF-dependent TLR4 functional activity in response to LPS and other endogenous TLR4 ligands in THP-1 macrophages. A different kinetic in the inhibition of endotoxin-driven TBK1, IRF3 and STAT1 phosphorylation was observed using different LPS chemotypes. Following activation of TLR4 by LPS, data revealed that FP7 and FP12 inhibited TBK1, IRF3 and STAT1 phosphorylation which was associated with down-regulation IFN-β and IP-10. Specific blockage of the IFN type one receptor showed that these novel molecules inhibited TRIF-dependent TLR4 signalling via IFN-β pathways. These results add novel information on the mechanism of action of monosaccharide FP derivatives. The inhibition of the TRIF-dependent pathway in human macrophages suggests potential therapeutic uses for these novel TLR4 antagonists in pharmacological interventions on inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charys Palmer
- School of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, UK
| | - Fabio A Facchini
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy
| | | | | | - Francesco Peri
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
D’Aloia A, Molteni L, Gullo F, Bresciani E, Artusa V, Rizzi L, Ceriani M, Meanti R, Lecchi M, Coco S, Costa B, Torsello A. Palmitoylethanolamide Modulation of Microglia Activation: Characterization of Mechanisms of Action and Implication for Its Neuroprotective Effects. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063054. [PMID: 33802689 PMCID: PMC8002502 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) is an endogenous lipid produced on demand by neurons and glial cells that displays neuroprotective properties. It is well known that inflammation and neuronal damage are strictly related processes and that microglia play a pivotal role in their regulation. The aim of the present work was to assess whether PEA could exert its neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects through the modulation of microglia reactive phenotypes. In N9 microglial cells, the pre-incubation with PEA blunted the increase of M1 pro-inflammatory markers induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), concomitantly increasing those M2 anti-inflammatory markers. Images of microglial cells were processed to obtain a set of morphological parameters that highlighted the ability of PEA to inhibit the LPS-induced M1 polarization and suggested that PEA might induce the anti-inflammatory M2a phenotype. Functionally, PEA prevented Ca2+ transients in both N9 cells and primary microglia and antagonized the neuronal hyperexcitability induced by LPS, as revealed by multi-electrode array (MEA) measurements on primary cortical cultures of neurons, microglia, and astrocyte. Finally, the investigation of the molecular pathway indicated that PEA effects are not mediated by toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4); on the contrary, a partial involvement of cannabinoid type 2 receptor (CB2R) was shown by using a selective receptor inverse agonist.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessia D’Aloia
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy; (A.D.); (F.G.); (V.A.); (M.C.); (M.L.)
| | - Laura Molteni
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (L.M.); (E.B.); (L.R.); (R.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Francesca Gullo
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy; (A.D.); (F.G.); (V.A.); (M.C.); (M.L.)
| | - Elena Bresciani
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (L.M.); (E.B.); (L.R.); (R.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Valentina Artusa
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy; (A.D.); (F.G.); (V.A.); (M.C.); (M.L.)
| | - Laura Rizzi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (L.M.); (E.B.); (L.R.); (R.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Michela Ceriani
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy; (A.D.); (F.G.); (V.A.); (M.C.); (M.L.)
| | - Ramona Meanti
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (L.M.); (E.B.); (L.R.); (R.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Marzia Lecchi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy; (A.D.); (F.G.); (V.A.); (M.C.); (M.L.)
| | - Silvia Coco
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (L.M.); (E.B.); (L.R.); (R.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Barbara Costa
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy; (A.D.); (F.G.); (V.A.); (M.C.); (M.L.)
- Correspondence: (B.C.); (A.T.)
| | - Antonio Torsello
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (L.M.); (E.B.); (L.R.); (R.M.); (S.C.)
- Correspondence: (B.C.); (A.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li C, Wang J, Zhao M, Zhang S, Zhang Y. Toll‐like receptor 4 antagonist FP7 alleviates lipopolysaccharide‐induced septic shock via NF‐kB signaling pathway. Chem Biol Drug Des 2021; 97:1151-1157. [PMID: 33638265 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Department of Emergency Xingtai People’s Hospital of Hebei Province Xingtai China
| | - Junhui Wang
- Department of Emergency Xingtai People’s Hospital of Hebei Province Xingtai China
| | - Mailiang Zhao
- Department of Emergency Xingtai People’s Hospital of Hebei Province Xingtai China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Emergency Xingtai People’s Hospital of Hebei Province Xingtai China
| | - Yanwei Zhang
- Department of Emergency Xingtai People’s Hospital of Hebei Province Xingtai China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tam JSY, Coller JK, Hughes PA, Prestidge CA, Bowen JM. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) antagonists as potential therapeutics for intestinal inflammation. Indian J Gastroenterol 2021; 40:5-21. [PMID: 33666891 PMCID: PMC7934812 DOI: 10.1007/s12664-020-01114-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal inflammation is a hallmark of highly prevalent disorders, including cancer treatment-induced mucositis and ulcerative colitis. These disorders cause debilitating symptoms, have a significant impact on quality of life, and are poorly managed. The activation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) has been proposed to have a major influence on the inflammatory signalling pathways of the intestinal tract. Inhibition of TLR4 has been postulated as an effective way to treat intestinal inflammation. However, there are a limited number of studies looking into the potential of TLR4 antagonism as a therapeutic approach for intestinal inflammation. This review surveyed available literature and reported on the in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo effects of TLR4 antagonism on different models of intestinal inflammation. Of the studies reviewed, evidence suggests that there is indeed potential for TLR4 antagonists to treat inflammation, although only a limited number of studies have investigated treating intestinal inflammation with TLR4 antagonists directly. These results warrant further research into the effect of TLR4 antagonists in the intestinal tract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janine S. Y. Tam
- Discipline of Physiology, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005 Australia
| | - Janet K. Coller
- Discipline of Pharmacology, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia Australia
| | - Patrick A. Hughes
- Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide and South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Clive A. Prestidge
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia Australia ,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Joanne M. Bowen
- Discipline of Physiology, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Synthesis, Molecular Modeling and Biological Evaluation of Metabolically Stable Analogues of the Endogenous Fatty Acid Amide Palmitoylethanolamide. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239074. [PMID: 33260658 PMCID: PMC7730713 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) belongs to the class of N-acylethanolamine and is an endogenous lipid potentially useful in a wide range of therapeutic areas; products containing PEA are licensed for use in humans as a nutraceutical, a food supplement, or food for medical purposes for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties demonstrating efficacy and tolerability. However, the exogenously administered PEA is rapidly inactivated; in this process, fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) plays a key role both in hepatic metabolism and in intracellular degradation. So, the aim of the present study was the design and synthesis of PEA analogues that are more resistant to FAAH-mediated hydrolysis. A small library of PEA analogues was designed and tested by molecular docking and density functional theory calculations to find the more stable analogue. The computational investigation identified RePEA as the best candidate in terms of both synthetic accessibility and metabolic stability to FAAH-mediated hydrolysis. The selected compound was synthesized and assayed ex vivo to monitor FAAH-mediated hydrolysis and to confirm its anti-inflammatory properties. 1H-NMR spectroscopy performed on membrane samples containing FAAH in integral membrane protein demonstrated that RePEA is not processed by FAAH, in contrast with PEA. Moreover, RePEA retains PEA’s ability to inhibit LPS-induced cytokine release in both murine N9 microglial cells and human PMA-THP-1 cells.
Collapse
|