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Ayadi S, Friedrichs S, Soulès R, Pucheu L, Lütjohann D, Silvente-Poirot S, Poirot M, de Medina P. 27-Hydroxylation of oncosterone by CYP27A1 switches its activity from pro-tumor to anti-tumor. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100479. [PMID: 37981011 PMCID: PMC10770617 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncosterone (6-oxo-cholestane-3β,5α-diol; OCDO) is an oncometabolite and a tumor promoter on estrogen receptor alpha-positive breast cancer (ER(+) BC) and triple-negative breast cancers (TN BC). OCDO is an oxysterol formed in three steps from cholesterol: 1) oxygen addition at the double bond to give α- or β- isomers of 5,6-epoxycholestanols (5,6-EC), 2) hydrolyses of the epoxide ring of 5,6-ECs to give cholestane-3β,5α,6β-triol (CT), and 3) oxidation of the C6 hydroxyl of CT to give OCDO. On the other hand, cholesterol can be hydroxylated by CYP27A1 at the ultimate methyl carbon of its side chain to give 27-hydroxycholesterol ((25R)-Cholest-5-ene-3beta,26-diol, 27HC), which is a tumor promoter for ER(+) BC. It is currently unknown whether OCDO and its precursors can be hydroxylated at position C27 by CYP27A1, as is the impact of such modification on the proliferation of ER(+) and TN BC cells. We investigated, herein, whether 27H-5,6-ECs ((25R)-5,6-epoxycholestan-3β,26-diol), 27H-CT ((25R)-cholestane-3β,5α,6β,26-tetrol) and 27H-OCDO ((25R)-cholestane-6-oxo-3β,5α,26-triol) exist as metabolites and can be produced by cells expressing CYP27A1. We report, for the first time, that these compounds exist as metabolites in humans. We give pharmacological and genetic evidence that CYP27A1 is responsible for their production. Importantly, we found that 27-hydroxy-OCDO (27H-OCDO) inhibits BC cell proliferation and blocks OCDO and 27-HC-induced proliferation in BC cells, showing that this metabolic conversion commutes the proliferative properties of OCDO into antiproliferative ones. These data suggest an unprecedented role of CYP27A1 in the control of breast carcinogenesis by inhibiting the tumor promoter activities of oncosterone and 27-HC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silia Ayadi
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV:"Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations", Toulouse, France; Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France; French Network for Nutrition Physical Acitivity and Cancer Research (NACRe network), Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Silvia Friedrichs
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Regis Soulès
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV:"Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations", Toulouse, France; Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France; French Network for Nutrition Physical Acitivity and Cancer Research (NACRe network), Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Laly Pucheu
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV:"Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations", Toulouse, France; Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France; French Network for Nutrition Physical Acitivity and Cancer Research (NACRe network), Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Dieter Lütjohann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sandrine Silvente-Poirot
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV:"Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations", Toulouse, France.
| | - Marc Poirot
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV:"Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations", Toulouse, France; Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France; French Network for Nutrition Physical Acitivity and Cancer Research (NACRe network), Jouy en Josas, France.
| | - Philippe de Medina
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV:"Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations", Toulouse, France; Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France; French Network for Nutrition Physical Acitivity and Cancer Research (NACRe network), Jouy en Josas, France.
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Parente M, Tonini C, Segatto M, Pallottini V. Regulation of cholesterol metabolism: New players for an old physiological process. J Cell Biochem 2023; 124:1449-1465. [PMID: 37796135 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Identified more than two centuries ago, cholesterol plays a pivotal role in human physiology. Since cholesterol metabolism is a physiologically significant process, it is not surprising that its alterations are associated with several pathologies. The discovery of new molecular targets or compounds able to modulate this sophisticated metabolism has been capturing the attention of research groups worldwide since many years. Endogenous and exogenous compounds are known to regulate cellular cholesterol synthesis and uptake, or reduce cholesterol absorption at the intestinal level, thereby regulating cholesterol homeostasis. However, there is a great need of new modulators and diverse new pathways have been uncovered. Here, after illustrating cholesterol metabolism and its well-known regulators, some new players of this important physiological process are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marco Segatto
- Department of Bioscience and Territory, University of Molise, Pesche, Italy
| | - Valentina Pallottini
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
- Neuroendocrinology Metabolism and Neuropharmacology Unit, IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via del Fosso Fiorano, Rome, Italy
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Bauer R, Meyer SP, Raue R, Palmer MA, Guerrero Ruiz VM, Cardamone G, Rösser S, Heffels M, Roesmann F, Wilhelm A, Lütjohann D, Zarnack K, Fuhrmann DC, Widera M, Schmid T, Brüne B. Hypoxia-altered cholesterol homeostasis enhances the expression of interferon-stimulated genes upon SARS-CoV-2 infections in monocytes. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1121864. [PMID: 37377965 PMCID: PMC10291055 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1121864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia contributes to numerous pathophysiological conditions including inflammation-associated diseases. We characterized the impact of hypoxia on the immunometabolic cross-talk between cholesterol and interferon (IFN) responses. Specifically, hypoxia reduced cholesterol biosynthesis flux and provoked a compensatory activation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP2) in monocytes. Concomitantly, a broad range of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) increased under hypoxia in the absence of an inflammatory stimulus. While changes in cholesterol biosynthesis intermediates and SREBP2 activity did not contribute to hypoxic ISG induction, intracellular cholesterol distribution appeared critical to enhance hypoxic expression of chemokine ISGs. Importantly, hypoxia further boosted chemokine ISG expression in monocytes upon infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Mechanistically, hypoxia sensitized toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling to activation by SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, which emerged as a major signaling hub to enhance chemokine ISG induction following SARS-CoV-2 infection of hypoxic monocytes. These data depict a hypoxia-regulated immunometabolic mechanism with implications for the development of systemic inflammatory responses in severe cases of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekka Bauer
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sofie Patrizia Meyer
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Rebecca Raue
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Megan A. Palmer
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Giulia Cardamone
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Silvia Rösser
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Milou Heffels
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Fabian Roesmann
- Institute of Medical Virology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Alexander Wilhelm
- Institute of Medical Virology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dieter Lütjohann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kathi Zarnack
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dominik Christian Fuhrmann
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Marek Widera
- Institute of Medical Virology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Tobias Schmid
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Frankfurt, Germany
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Xu YD, Guo YJ, Mao HR, Xiong ZX, Luo MY, Luo RQ, Lu S, Huang L, Hong Y. Integration of transcriptomics and proteomics to elucidate inhibitory effect and mechanism of rosmarinic acid from Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt. in treating Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Chin Med 2023; 18:67. [PMID: 37280712 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00772-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dermatophyte caused by Trichophyton mentagrophytes is a global disease with a growing prevalence that is difficult to cure. Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt. is an edible and medicinal plant. Ancient books of Traditional Chinese Medicine and modern pharmacological studies have shown that it has potential anti-fungi activity. This is the first study to explore the inhibitory effects of compounds from P. frutescens on Trichophyton mentagrophytes and its mechanism of action coupled with the antifungal activity in vitro from network pharmacology, transcriptomics and proteomics. METHODS Five most potential inhibitory compounds against fungi in P. frutescens was screened with network pharmacology. The antifungal activity of the candidates was detected by a broth microdilution method. Through in vitro antifungal assays screening the compound with efficacy, transcriptomics and proteomics were performed to investigate the pharmacological mechanisms of the effective compound against Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Furthermore, the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was applied to verify the expression of genes. RESULTS The top five potential antifungal compounds in P. frutescens screened by network pharmacology are: progesterone, luteolin, apigenin, ursolic acid and rosmarinic acid. In vitro antifungal assays showed that rosmarinic acid had a favorable inhibitory effect on fungi. The transcriptomic findings exhibited that the differentially expressed genes of fungus after rosmarinic acid intervention were mainly enriched in the carbon metabolism pathway, while the proteomic findings suggested that rosmarinic acid could inhibit the average growth of Trichophyton mentagrophytes by interfering with the expression of enolase in the glycolysis pathway. Comparison of real-time PCR and transcriptomics results showed that the trends of gene expression in glycolytic, carbon metabolism and glutathione metabolic pathways were identical. The binding modes and interactions between rosmarinic acid and enolase were preliminary explored by molecular docking analysis. CONCLUSION The key findings of the present study manifested that rosmarinic acid, a medicinal compound extracted from P. frutescens, had pharmacological activity in inhibiting the growth of Trichophyton mentagrophytes by affecting its enolase expression to reduce metabolism. Rosmarinic acid is expected to be an efficacious product for prevention and treatment of dermatophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Ding Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Yu-Jie Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - He-Rong Mao
- International Center for TCM Communication Studies, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Xiong
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Meng-Yu Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Rui-Qi Luo
- School of Foreign Languages, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Shan Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Lu Huang
- Guangzhou Wellhealth Bio-Pharmaceutical CO., Ltd, Guangzhou, 510200, China.
| | - Yi Hong
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China.
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Bergström H, Helde Frankling M, Klasson C, Lövgren Sandblom A, Diczfalusy U, Björkhem-Bergman L. CYP3A Activity in End-of-Life Cancer Patients Measured by 4β-Hydroxycholesterol/cholesterol Ratio, in Men and Women. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184689. [PMID: 34572915 PMCID: PMC8465465 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The elimination of drugs by enzymes in the liver may be impaired in cancer patients that are close to death (end-of-life). This could cause unwanted side effects or lack of effect of drugs and compromise the quality of life in patients. Blood samples collected in 137 deceased end-of-life cancer patients were analyzed for the marker 4β-hydroxycholesterol/cholesterol (4β-OHC/C), representing the activity of the most important drug eliminating enzyme, CYP3A. In addition, samples from young (n = 280) and elderly (n = 30) controls were analyzed for 4β-OHC/C. The average 4β-OHC/C was higher in male and female end-of-life cancer patients than in young and elderly controls without cancer. This finding may suggest that the ability to eliminate drugs by CYP3A is maintained until end of life and that drugs metabolized by CYP3 may not need dose adjustment or discontinuation in cancer patients close to death. Abstract More than 50% of all drugs are metabolized by the cytochrome P450 3A enzyme (CYP3A). The aim of this study was to investigate if the CYP3A activity, measured by the endogenous marker 4β-hydroxycholesterol/cholesterol ratio (4β-OHC/C), is changed during the last weeks and days of life in men and women. To this end, serum samples from 137 deceased patients (median age 70 years) collected at a single time point 1–60 days before death, were analyzed and compared to 280 young (median 27 years), and 30 elderly (median age 70 years) non-cancer controls. There were no significant differences in the 4β-OHC/C ratio between men and women in end-of-life patients (p < 0.25). The median 4β-OHC/C was significantly higher in end-of-life male patients compared to both young (p < 0.0001) and elderly (p < 0.05) male controls. In a similar manner, 4β-OHC/C in end-of-life female patients was significantly higher compared to young and elderly female controls, p < 0.0001 and p < 0.001, respectively. There was no significant correlation between 4β-OHC/C and survival time. The results from this study suggest maintained CYP3A activity to the very last days of life and even a capacity of induction of the enzyme in end-of-life cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Bergström
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Blickagången 16, Neo Floor 7, SE-141 83 Huddinge, Sweden; (M.H.F.); (C.K.); (L.B.-B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Maria Helde Frankling
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Blickagången 16, Neo Floor 7, SE-141 83 Huddinge, Sweden; (M.H.F.); (C.K.); (L.B.-B.)
- Department of Cancer, Section of Head, Neck, Lung and Skin Tumors, Karolinska University Hospital, Eugeniavägen 11, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Caritha Klasson
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Blickagången 16, Neo Floor 7, SE-141 83 Huddinge, Sweden; (M.H.F.); (C.K.); (L.B.-B.)
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Stockholms Sjukhem, Mariebergsgatan 22, SE-112 19 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anita Lövgren Sandblom
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska Institute, SE-141 52 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.L.S.); (U.D.)
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska University Laboratory, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-141 86 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Ulf Diczfalusy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska Institute, SE-141 52 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.L.S.); (U.D.)
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska University Laboratory, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-141 86 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Linda Björkhem-Bergman
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Blickagången 16, Neo Floor 7, SE-141 83 Huddinge, Sweden; (M.H.F.); (C.K.); (L.B.-B.)
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Stockholms Sjukhem, Mariebergsgatan 22, SE-112 19 Stockholm, Sweden
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