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Kurgan N, Whitley KC, Maddalena LA, Moradi F, Stoikos J, Hamstra SI, Rubie EA, Kumar M, Roy BD, Woodgett JR, Stuart JA, Fajardo VA. A Low-Therapeutic Dose of Lithium Inhibits GSK3 and Enhances Myoblast Fusion in C2C12 Cells. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111340. [PMID: 31671858 PMCID: PMC6912290 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) slows myogenic differentiation and myoblast fusion partly by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Lithium, a common medication for bipolar disorder, inhibits GSK3 via Mg+ competition and increased Ser21 (GSK3α) or Ser9 (GSK3β) phosphorylation, leading to enhanced myoblast fusion and myogenic differentiation. However, previous studies demonstrating the effect of lithium on GSK3 have used concentrations up to 10 mM, which greatly exceeds concentrations measured in the serum of patients being treated for bipolar disorder (0.5–1.2 mM). Here, we determined whether a low-therapeutic (0.5 mM) dose of lithium could promote myoblast fusion and myogenic differentiation in C2C12 cells. C2C12 myotubes differentiated for three days in media containing 0.5 mM lithium chloride (LiCl) had significantly higher GSK3β (ser9) and GSK3α (ser21) phosphorylation compared with control myotubes differentiated in the same media without LiCl (+2–2.5 fold, p < 0.05), a result associated with an increase in total β-catenin. To further demonstrate that 0.5 mM LiCl inhibited GSK3 activity, we also developed a novel GSK3-specific activity assay. Using this enzyme-linked spectrophotometric assay, we showed that 0.5 mM LiCl-treated myotubes had significantly reduced GSK3 activity (−86%, p < 0.001). Correspondingly, 0.5 mM LiCl treated myotubes had a higher myoblast fusion index compared with control (p < 0.001) and significantly higher levels of markers of myogenesis (myogenin, +3-fold, p < 0.001) and myogenic differentiation (myosin heavy chain, +10-fold, p < 0.001). These results indicate that a low-therapeutic dose of LiCl is sufficient to promote myoblast fusion and myogenic differentiation in muscle cells, which has implications for the treatment of several myopathic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel Kurgan
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada; (N.K.); (K.C.W.); (J.S.); (S.I.H.); (B.D.R.)
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Kennedy C. Whitley
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada; (N.K.); (K.C.W.); (J.S.); (S.I.H.); (B.D.R.)
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Lucas A. Maddalena
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada; (L.A.M.); (F.M.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Fereshteh Moradi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada; (L.A.M.); (F.M.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Joshua Stoikos
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada; (N.K.); (K.C.W.); (J.S.); (S.I.H.); (B.D.R.)
| | - Sophie I. Hamstra
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada; (N.K.); (K.C.W.); (J.S.); (S.I.H.); (B.D.R.)
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Elizabeth A. Rubie
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; (E.A.R.); (M.K.); (J.R.W.)
| | - Megha Kumar
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; (E.A.R.); (M.K.); (J.R.W.)
| | - Brian D. Roy
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada; (N.K.); (K.C.W.); (J.S.); (S.I.H.); (B.D.R.)
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - James R. Woodgett
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; (E.A.R.); (M.K.); (J.R.W.)
| | - Jeffrey A. Stuart
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada; (L.A.M.); (F.M.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Val A. Fajardo
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada; (N.K.); (K.C.W.); (J.S.); (S.I.H.); (B.D.R.)
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Bal NC, Sahoo SK, Maurya SK, Periasamy M. The Role of Sarcolipin in Muscle Non-shivering Thermogenesis. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1217. [PMID: 30319433 PMCID: PMC6170647 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Naresh C Bal
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Sanjaya K Sahoo
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute at Lake Nona, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Santosh K Maurya
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute at Lake Nona, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Muthu Periasamy
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute at Lake Nona, Orlando, FL, United States
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Heinz LP, Kopec W, de Groot BL, Fink RHA. In silico assessment of the conduction mechanism of the Ryanodine Receptor 1 reveals previously unknown exit pathways. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6886. [PMID: 29720700 PMCID: PMC5932038 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25061-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The ryanodine receptor 1 is a large calcium ion channel found in mammalian skeletal muscle. The ion channel gained a lot of attention recently, after multiple independent authors published near-atomic cryo electron microscopy data. Taking advantage of the unprecedented quality of structural data, we performed molecular dynamics simulations on the entire ion channel as well as on a reduced model. We calculated potentials of mean force for Ba2+, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+ and Cl- ions using umbrella sampling to identify the key residues involved in ion permeation. We found two main binding sites for the cations, whereas the channel is strongly repulsive for chloride ions. Furthermore, the data is consistent with the model that the receptor achieves its ion selectivity by over-affinity for divalent cations in a calcium-block-like fashion. We reproduced the experimental conductance for potassium ions in permeation simulations with applied voltage. The analysis of the permeation paths shows that ions exit the pore via multiple pathways, which we suggest to be related to the experimental observation of different subconducting states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard P Heinz
- Medical Biophysics Unit, Medical Faculty, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Theoretical and Computational Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Wojciech Kopec
- Computational Biomolecular Dynamics Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bert L de Groot
- Computational Biomolecular Dynamics Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rainer H A Fink
- Medical Biophysics Unit, Medical Faculty, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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Fajardo VA, Mikhaeil JS, Leveille CF, Tupling AR, LeBlanc PJ. Elevated whole muscle phosphatidylcholine: phosphatidylethanolamine ratio coincides with reduced SERCA activity in murine overloaded plantaris muscles. Lipids Health Dis 2018. [PMID: 29534725 PMCID: PMC5851149 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0687-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increase in phosphatidylcholine:phosphatidylethanolamine (PC:PE) and a decrease in fatty acyl chain length, monounsaturated:polyunsaturated (MUFA:PUFA) fatty acyl ratio reduces SERCA activity in liposomes and in mouse models of obesity and muscular dystrophy. We have previously shown that maximal SERCA activity is significantly reduced in mechanically overloaded (OVL) plantaris, however, whether changes in PC:PE ratio or fatty acyl composition may contribute to the alterations in maximal SERCA activity remain unknown. Here, we tested the hypotheses that in OVL plantaris 1) PC:PE ratio would negatively correlate with maximal SERCA activity and 2) PC fatty acyl chain length (ACL) and/or MUFA:PUFA ratio would positively correlate with maximal SERCA activity. METHODS To overload plantaris in mice, we transected the soleus and gastrocnemius tendons from one leg, while the contralateral leg underwent a sham surgery. After two weeks, plantaris muscles were extracted, homogenized and processed for SERCA activity and lipid analyses. Specifically, we performed HPTLC densitometry to examine changes in PC, PE, and the ratio of PC:PE. We also performed gas chromatography to assess any potential changes to fatty acyl composition. RESULTS SERCA activity was significantly reduced in OVL plantaris compared with sham. Coinciding with this, we found a significant increase in PC but not PE in OVL plantaris. In turn, there was an increase in PC:PE but did not reach significance (p = 0.09). However, we found a significant negative correlation between PC:PE and maximal SERCA activity. Fatty acyl composition of PE remained similar between OLV and sham and PC demonstrated higher percent mole fraction of 17:1, 18:1, and ACL compared to sham. In addition, PC ACL, % MUFA, % PUFA, or MUFA:PUFA did not significantly correlate with maximal SERCA activity. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the phospholipid headgroup PC:PE negatively correlated and could potentially contribute to reductions in SERCA activity seen in functionally overloaded plantaris. In contrast, fatty acyl chain (ACL, % MUFA, % PUFA, MUFA:PUFA) did not correlate with maximal SERCA activity. Future studies will determine whether altering PC:PE with genetic and dietary interventions can influence SERCA activity and ultimately change the physiological outcome in response to muscle overloading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Val A Fajardo
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - John S Mikhaeil
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Cameron F Leveille
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - A Russell Tupling
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Paul J LeBlanc
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada. .,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.
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Casas F, Fouret G, Lecomte J, Cortade F, Pessemesse L, Blanchet E, Wrutniak-Cabello C, Coudray C, Feillet-Coudray C. Skeletal muscle expression of p43, a truncated thyroid hormone receptor α, affects lipid composition and metabolism. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2018; 50:71-79. [PMID: 29332207 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-018-9743-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone is a major regulator of metabolism and mitochondrial function. Thyroid hormone also affects reactions in almost all pathways of lipids metabolism and as such is considered as the main hormonal regulator of lipid biogenesis. The aim of this study was to explore the possible involvement of p43, a 43 Kda truncated form of the nuclear thyroid hormone receptor TRα1 which stimulates mitochondrial activity. Therefore, using mouse models overexpressing p43 in skeletal muscle (p43-Tg) or lacking p43 (p43-/-), we have investigated the lipid composition in quadriceps muscle and in mitochondria. Here, we reported in the quadriceps muscle of p43-/- mice, a fall in triglycerides, an inhibition of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) synthesis, an increase in elongase index and an decrease in desaturase index. However, in mitochondria from p43-/- mice, fatty acid profile was barely modified. In the quadriceps muscle of p43-Tg mice, MUFA content was decreased whereas the unsaturation index was increased. In addition, in quadriceps mitochondria of p43-Tg mice, we found an increase of linoleic acid level and unsaturation index. Last, we showed that cardiolipin content, a key phospholipid for mitochondrial function, remained unchanged both in quadriceps muscle and in its mitochondria whatever the mice genotype. In conclusion, this study shows that muscle lipid content and fatty acid profile are strongly affected in skeletal muscle by p43 levels. We also demonstrate that regulation of cardiolipin biosynthesis by the thyroid hormone does not imply p43.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Casas
- DMEM, INRA, Montpellier, France.
- University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
| | - Gilles Fouret
- DMEM, INRA, Montpellier, France
- University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jérome Lecomte
- University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- IATE, INRA, Montpellier, France
- CIRAD, Montpellier, France
- SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Fabienne Cortade
- DMEM, INRA, Montpellier, France
- University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurence Pessemesse
- DMEM, INRA, Montpellier, France
- University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Emilie Blanchet
- DMEM, INRA, Montpellier, France
- University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Charles Coudray
- DMEM, INRA, Montpellier, France
- University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Fajardo VA, Rietze BA, Chambers PJ, Bellissimo C, Bombardier E, Quadrilatero J, Tupling AR. Effects of sarcolipin deletion on skeletal muscle adaptive responses to functional overload and unload. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2017; 313:C154-C161. [PMID: 28592414 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00291.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of sarcolipin (SLN), a regulator of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPases (SERCAs), stimulates calcineurin signaling to enhance skeletal muscle oxidative capacity. Some studies have shown that calcineurin may also control skeletal muscle mass and remodeling in response to functional overload and unload stimuli by increasing myofiber size and the proportion of slow fibers. To examine whether SLN might mediate these adaptive responses, we performed soleus and gastrocnemius tenotomy in wild-type (WT) and Sln-null (Sln-/-) mice and examined the overloaded plantaris and unloaded/tenotomized soleus muscles. In the WT overloaded plantaris, we observed ectopic expression of SLN, myofiber hypertrophy, increased fiber number, and a fast-to-slow fiber type shift, which were associated with increased calcineurin signaling (NFAT dephosphorylation and increased stabilin-2 protein content) and reduced SERCA activity. In the WT tenotomized soleus, we observed a 14-fold increase in SLN protein, myofiber atrophy, decreased fiber number, and a slow-to-fast fiber type shift, which were also associated with increased calcineurin signaling and reduced SERCA activity. Genetic deletion of Sln altered these physiological outcomes, with the overloaded plantaris myofibers failing to grow in size and number, and transition towards the slow fiber type, while the unloaded soleus muscles exhibited greater reductions in fiber size and number, and an accelerated slow-to-fast fiber type shift. In both the Sln-/- overloaded and unloaded muscles, these findings were associated with elevated SERCA activity and blunted calcineurin signaling. Thus, SLN plays an important role in adaptive muscle remodeling potentially through calcineurin stimulation, which could have important implications for other muscle diseases and conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Val A Fajardo
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo Ontario, Canada
| | - Bradley A Rietze
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo Ontario, Canada
| | - Paige J Chambers
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Eric Bombardier
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo Ontario, Canada
| | - Joe Quadrilatero
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo Ontario, Canada
| | - A Russell Tupling
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo Ontario, Canada
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Fajardo VA, Trojanowski N, Castelli LM, Miotto PM, Amoye F, Ward WE, Tupling AR, LeBlanc PJ. Saturation of SERCA's lipid annulus may protect against its thermal inactivation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 484:456-460. [PMID: 28137585 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.01.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) pumps are integral membrane proteins that catalyze the active transport of Ca2+ into the sarcoplasmic reticulum, thereby eliciting muscle relaxation. SERCA pumps are highly susceptible to oxidative damage, and cytoprotection of SERCA dampens thermal inactivation and is a viable therapeutic strategy in combating diseases where SERCA activity is impaired, such as muscular dystrophy. Here, we sought to determine whether increasing the percent of saturated fatty acids (SFA) within SERCA's lipid annulus through diet could protect SERCA pumps from thermal inactivation. Female Wistar rats were fed either a semi-purified control diet (AIN93G, 7% soybean oil by weight) or a modified AIN93G diet containing high SFA (20% lard by weight) for 17 weeks. Soleus muscles were extracted and SERCA lipid annulus and activity under thermal stress were analyzed. Our results show that SERCA's lipid annulus is abundant with short-chain (12-14 carbon) fatty acids, which corresponds well with SERCA's predicted bilayer thickness of 21 Å. Under control-fed conditions, SERCA's lipid annulus was already highly saturated (79%), and high-fat feeding did not increase this any further. High-fat feeding did not mitigate the reductions in SERCA activity seen with thermal stress; however, correlational analyses revealed significant and strong associations between % SFA and thermal stability of SERCA activity with greater %SFA being associated with lower thermal inactivation and greater % polyunsaturation and unsaturation index being associated with increased thermal inactivation. Altogether, these findings show that SERCA's lipid annulus may influence its susceptibility to oxidative damage, which could have implications in muscular dystrophy and age-related muscle wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Val Andrew Fajardo
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada; Center for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada; Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Natalie Trojanowski
- Center for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada; Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Laura M Castelli
- Center for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada; Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Paula M Miotto
- Center for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada; Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Foyinsola Amoye
- Center for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada; Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Wendy E Ward
- Center for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada; Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada; Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - A Russell Tupling
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada; Center for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Paul J LeBlanc
- Center for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada; Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.
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