1
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Lagarrigue S, Lopez-Mejia IC, Denechaud PD, Escoté X, Castillo-Armengol J, Jimenez V, Chavey C, Giralt A, Lai Q, Zhang L, Martinez-Carreres L, Delacuisine B, Annicotte JS, Blanchet E, Huré S, Abella A, Tinahones FJ, Vendrell J, Dubus P, Bosch F, Kahn CR, Fajas L. CDK4 is an essential insulin effector in adipocytes. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:170315. [PMID: 36919703 PMCID: PMC10014095 DOI: 10.1172/jci170315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
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2
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Blanchet E, Chantry AA, Sauvegrain P, Anselem O. [Medical attitudes regarding the announcement of suspected foetal abnormality in ultrasound scans]. Gynecol Obstet Fertil Senol 2022; 50:753-761. [PMID: 36108917 DOI: 10.1016/j.gofs.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study's primary objective was to analyse the personal experience of different ultrasonographers during the announcement of suspected foetal abnormalities, seen either in screening or diagnostic ultrasound. The secondary objectives aimed to explore the factors influencing the announcement of the foetal abnormality, whether they complicated or facilitated the consultation. These also comprised the analysis of the knowledge, practice and attitudes of the healthcare professionals as well as the different techniques used during the consultation. Finally, this study aimed to analyse the various tools and skills used by ultrasonographers to improve the quality of their announcement of the diagnosis. METHODS This qualitative study was based on both the observation of consultations and the results of semi-structured interviews with ultrasonographers, in a maternity hospital in France. RESULTS The results highlighted feelings of great discomfort for the ultrasonographers on discovering an abnormality on the scan. The different perceptions and practices regarding the announcement of a diagnosis varied between screening ultrasonographers and specialist doctors. The uncertainty of foetal prognosis seemed to complicate the announcement for specialist doctors. Qualities that made the communication of the diagnosis easier included the ultrasonographer's availability and their attitude. Although professional experience was considered a very powerful skill, training for the communication of a diagnosis accelerates the development of good medical practice. CONCLUSIONS The announcement of suspected foetal abnormalities is a difficult exercice, which impacts the ultrasonographer's personal experience and his attitude. Some professional practices are to be encouraged while others are to be put under question. A trust-based relationship between the healthcare professional and the patient is partly reinforced by the quality of the announcement and its follow-up, as well as the healthcare professional's thoroughness and humanity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Blanchet
- Maternité Port-Royal, AP-HP, 123, boulevard de Port-Royal, 75014 Paris, France.
| | - A A Chantry
- Université Paris Cité, Centre de Recherche en epidémiologie et Statistiques, CRESS, équipe de recherche en épidémiologie obstétricale, périnatale et pédiatrique (EPOPé), INSERM, INRA, 75004 Paris, France; École de sages-femmes de Baudelocque, AP-HP, université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - P Sauvegrain
- Université Paris Cité, Centre de Recherche en epidémiologie et Statistiques, CRESS, équipe de recherche en épidémiologie obstétricale, périnatale et pédiatrique (EPOPé), INSERM, INRA, 75004 Paris, France; Maternité la Pitié Salepêtrière, AP-HP, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - O Anselem
- Maternité Port-Royal, AP-HP, 123, boulevard de Port-Royal, 75014 Paris, France
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3
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Lagarrigue S, Lopez-Mejia IC, Denechaud PD, Escoté X, Castillo-Armengol J, Jimenez V, Chavey C, Giralt A, Lai Q, Zhang L, Martinez-Carreres L, Delacuisine B, Annicotte JS, Blanchet E, Huré S, Abella A, Tinahones FJ, Vendrell J, Dubus P, Bosch F, Kahn CR, Fajas L. CDK4 is an essential insulin effector in adipocytes. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:162359. [PMID: 35775487 PMCID: PMC9246374 DOI: 10.1172/jci162359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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4
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Lacroix M, Linares LK, Rueda-Rincon N, Bloch K, Di Michele M, De Blasio C, Fau C, Gayte L, Blanchet E, Mairal A, Derua R, Cardona F, Beuzelin D, Annicotte JS, Pirot N, Torro A, Tinahones FJ, Bernex F, Bertrand-Michel J, Langin D, Fajas L, Swinnen JV, Le Cam L. The multifunctional protein E4F1 links P53 to lipid metabolism in adipocytes. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7037. [PMID: 34857760 PMCID: PMC8639890 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27307-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence supports the importance of the p53 tumor suppressor in metabolism but the mechanisms underlying p53-mediated control of metabolism remain poorly understood. Here, we identify the multifunctional E4F1 protein as a key regulator of p53 metabolic functions in adipocytes. While E4F1 expression is upregulated during obesity, E4f1 inactivation in mouse adipose tissue results in a lean phenotype associated with insulin resistance and protection against induced obesity. Adipocytes lacking E4F1 activate a p53-dependent transcriptional program involved in lipid metabolism. The direct interaction between E4F1 and p53 and their co-recruitment to the Steaoryl-CoA Desaturase-1 locus play an important role to regulate monounsaturated fatty acids synthesis in adipocytes. Consistent with the role of this E4F1-p53-Steaoryl-CoA Desaturase-1 axis in adipocytes, p53 inactivation or diet complementation with oleate partly restore adiposity and improve insulin sensitivity in E4F1-deficient mice. Altogether, our findings identify a crosstalk between E4F1 and p53 in the control of lipid metabolism in adipocytes that is relevant to obesity and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Lacroix
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Univ Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Equipe labélisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Laetitia K Linares
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Univ Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Equipe labélisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Natalia Rueda-Rincon
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katarzyna Bloch
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michela Di Michele
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Univ Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Equipe labélisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Carlo De Blasio
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Univ Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Equipe labélisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Fau
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Univ Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Equipe labélisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Laurie Gayte
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Univ Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Equipe labélisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Emilie Blanchet
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Univ Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Aline Mairal
- I2MC, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Rita Derua
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Fernando Cardona
- Department of Surgical Specialties, Biochemistry and Immunology School of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Diane Beuzelin
- I2MC, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Sebastien Annicotte
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CNRS, U1283 - UMR 8199 - EGID, Lille, France
| | - Nelly Pirot
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Univ Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,BioCampus, RHEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Adeline Torro
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Univ Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Francisco J Tinahones
- CIBER of Physiopathology, Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Málaga, Spain; Unidad de Gestion Clinica de Endocrinologia y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Clinico Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - Florence Bernex
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Univ Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,BioCampus, RHEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Justine Bertrand-Michel
- I2MC, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Dominique Langin
- I2MC, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France.,Toulouse University Hospitals, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Toulouse, France
| | - Lluis Fajas
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Johannes V Swinnen
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laurent Le Cam
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Univ Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France. .,Equipe labélisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France.
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Blanchet E, Pessemesse L, Feillet-Coudray C, Coudray C, Cabello C, Bertrand-Gaday C, Casas F. p43, a Truncated Form of Thyroid Hormone Receptor α, Regulates Maturation of Pancreatic β Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052489. [PMID: 33801253 PMCID: PMC7958131 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
P43 is a truncated form of thyroid hormone receptor α localized in mitochondria, which stimulates mitochondrial respiratory chain activity. Previously, we showed that deletion of p43 led to reduction of pancreatic islet density and a loss of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in adult mice. The present study was designed to determine whether p43 was involved in the processes of β cell development and maturation. We used neonatal, juvenile, and adult p43-/- mice, and we analyzed the development of β cells in the pancreas. Here, we show that p43 deletion affected only slightly β cell proliferation during the postnatal period. However, we found a dramatic fall in p43-/- mice of MafA expression (V-Maf Avian Musculoaponeurotic Fibrosarcoma Oncogene Homolog A), a key transcription factor of beta-cell maturation. Analysis of the expression of antioxidant enzymes in pancreatic islet and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) (a specific marker of lipid peroxidation) staining revealed that oxidative stress occurred in mice lacking p43. Lastly, administration of antioxidants cocktail to p43-/- pregnant mice restored a normal islet density but failed to ensure an insulin secretion in response to glucose. Our findings demonstrated that p43 drives the maturation of β cells via its induction of transcription factor MafA during the critical postnatal window.
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6
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Bertrand-Gaday C, Letheule M, Blanchet E, Vernus B, Pessemesse L, Bonnet-Garnier A, Bonnieu A, Casas F. Transient Changes of Metabolism at the Pronuclear Stage in Mice Influences Skeletal Muscle Phenotype in Adulthood. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197203. [PMID: 33003470 PMCID: PMC7582979 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle has a remarkable plasticity, and its phenotype is strongly influenced by hormones, transcription factors, and physical activity. However, whether skeletal phenotype can be oriented or not during early embryonic stages has never been investigated. Here, we report that pyruvate as the only source of carbohydrate in the culture medium of mouse one cell stage embryo influenced the establishment of the muscular phenotype in adulthood. We found that pyruvate alone induced changes in the contractile phenotype of the skeletal muscle in a sexually dependent manner. For male mice, a switch to a more glycolytic phenotype was recorded, whereas, in females, the pyruvate induced a switch to a more oxidative phenotype. In addition, the influence of pyruvate on the contractile phenotypes was confirmed in two mouse models of muscle hypertrophy: the well-known myostatin deficient mouse (Mstn-/-) and a mouse carrying a specific deletion of p43, a mitochondrial triiodothyronine receptor. Finally, to understand the link between these adult phenotypes and the early embryonic period, we assessed the levels of two histone H3 post-translational modifications in presence of pyruvate alone just after the wave of chromatin reprogramming specific of the first cell cycle. We showed that H3K4 acetylation level was decreased in Mstn-/- 2-cell embryos, whereas no difference was found for H3K27 trimethylation level, whatever the genotype. These findings demonstrate for the first time that changes in the access of energy substrate during the very first embryonic stage can induce a precocious orientation of skeletal muscle phenotype in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Bertrand-Gaday
- DMEM, Univ. Montpellier, INRAE, 34060 Montpellier, France; (C.B.-G.); (E.B.); (B.V.); (L.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Martine Letheule
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (M.L.); (A.B.-G.)
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, BREED, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Emilie Blanchet
- DMEM, Univ. Montpellier, INRAE, 34060 Montpellier, France; (C.B.-G.); (E.B.); (B.V.); (L.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Barbara Vernus
- DMEM, Univ. Montpellier, INRAE, 34060 Montpellier, France; (C.B.-G.); (E.B.); (B.V.); (L.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Laurence Pessemesse
- DMEM, Univ. Montpellier, INRAE, 34060 Montpellier, France; (C.B.-G.); (E.B.); (B.V.); (L.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Amélie Bonnet-Garnier
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (M.L.); (A.B.-G.)
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, BREED, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Anne Bonnieu
- DMEM, Univ. Montpellier, INRAE, 34060 Montpellier, France; (C.B.-G.); (E.B.); (B.V.); (L.P.); (A.B.)
| | - François Casas
- DMEM, Univ. Montpellier, INRAE, 34060 Montpellier, France; (C.B.-G.); (E.B.); (B.V.); (L.P.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence:
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7
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Giralt A, Denechaud PD, Lopez-Mejia IC, Delacuisine B, Blanchet E, Bonner C, Pattou F, Annicotte JS, Fajas L. E2F1 promotes hepatic gluconeogenesis and contributes to hyperglycemia during diabetes. Mol Metab 2018. [PMID: 29526568 PMCID: PMC6001358 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aberrant hepatic glucose production contributes to the development of hyperglycemia and is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes. In a recent study, we showed that the transcription factor E2F1, a component of the cell cycle machinery, contributes to hepatic steatosis through the transcriptional regulation of key lipogenic enzymes. Here, we investigate if E2F1 contributes to hyperglycemia by regulating hepatic gluconeogenesis. METHODS We use different genetic models to investigate if E2F1 regulates gluconeogenesis in primary hepatocytes and in vivo. We study the impact of depleting E2F1 or inhibiting E2F1 activity in diabetic mouse models to evaluate if this transcription factor contributes to hyperglycemia during insulin resistance. We analyze E2F1 mRNA levels in the livers of human diabetic patients to assess the relevance of E2F1 in human pathophysiology. RESULTS Lack of E2F1 impaired gluconeogenesis in primary hepatocytes. Conversely, E2F1 overexpression increased glucose production in hepatocytes and in mice. Several genetic models showed that the canonical CDK4-RB1-E2F1 pathway is directly involved in this regulation. E2F1 mRNA levels were increased in the livers from human diabetic patients and correlated with the expression of the gluconeogenic enzyme Pck1. Genetic invalidation or pharmacological inhibition of E2F1 improved glucose homeostasis in diabetic mouse models. CONCLUSIONS Our study unveils that the transcription factor E2F1 contributes to mammalian glucose homeostasis by directly controlling hepatic gluconeogenesis. Together with our previous finding that E2F1 promotes hepatic steatosis, the data presented here show that E2F1 contributes to both hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia in diabetes, suggesting that specifically targeting E2F1 in the liver could be an interesting strategy for therapies against type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Giralt
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Emilie Blanchet
- UMR Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, INRA-CAMPUS SUPAGRO 2 place Viala, Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Caroline Bonner
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France; European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, INSERM UMR1190, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Lille, France
| | - Francois Pattou
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, INSERM UMR1190, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Lille, France
| | | | - Lluis Fajas
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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8
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Casas F, Fouret G, Lecomte J, Cortade F, Pessemesse L, Blanchet E, Wrutniak-Cabello C, Coudray C, Feillet-Coudray C. Skeletal muscle expression of p43, a truncated thyroid hormone receptor α, affects lipid composition and metabolism. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2018; 50:71-79. [PMID: 29332207 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-018-9743-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone is a major regulator of metabolism and mitochondrial function. Thyroid hormone also affects reactions in almost all pathways of lipids metabolism and as such is considered as the main hormonal regulator of lipid biogenesis. The aim of this study was to explore the possible involvement of p43, a 43 Kda truncated form of the nuclear thyroid hormone receptor TRα1 which stimulates mitochondrial activity. Therefore, using mouse models overexpressing p43 in skeletal muscle (p43-Tg) or lacking p43 (p43-/-), we have investigated the lipid composition in quadriceps muscle and in mitochondria. Here, we reported in the quadriceps muscle of p43-/- mice, a fall in triglycerides, an inhibition of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) synthesis, an increase in elongase index and an decrease in desaturase index. However, in mitochondria from p43-/- mice, fatty acid profile was barely modified. In the quadriceps muscle of p43-Tg mice, MUFA content was decreased whereas the unsaturation index was increased. In addition, in quadriceps mitochondria of p43-Tg mice, we found an increase of linoleic acid level and unsaturation index. Last, we showed that cardiolipin content, a key phospholipid for mitochondrial function, remained unchanged both in quadriceps muscle and in its mitochondria whatever the mice genotype. In conclusion, this study shows that muscle lipid content and fatty acid profile are strongly affected in skeletal muscle by p43 levels. We also demonstrate that regulation of cardiolipin biosynthesis by the thyroid hormone does not imply p43.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Casas
- DMEM, INRA, Montpellier, France.
- University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
| | - Gilles Fouret
- DMEM, INRA, Montpellier, France
- University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jérome Lecomte
- University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- IATE, INRA, Montpellier, France
- CIRAD, Montpellier, France
- SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Fabienne Cortade
- DMEM, INRA, Montpellier, France
- University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurence Pessemesse
- DMEM, INRA, Montpellier, France
- University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Emilie Blanchet
- DMEM, INRA, Montpellier, France
- University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Charles Coudray
- DMEM, INRA, Montpellier, France
- University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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9
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Alfattani A, Blanchet E, Oliveira Da Silva J, Leoni S, Allard PM, Queiroz E, Roy M, Chave J, Lami R, Perron K, Stien D, Wolfender JL. Bioactive potential and role of secondary metabolites within the microorganism community of the sea grass Posidonia oceanica. Am J Transl Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1608154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Alfattani
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, EPGL, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - E Blanchet
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes (LBBM), Observatoire Océanologique, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - J Oliveira Da Silva
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes (LBBM), Observatoire Océanologique, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - S Leoni
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - PM Allard
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, EPGL, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - E Queiroz
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, EPGL, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Roy
- Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, CNRS, ENFA, UMR5174 EDB (Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité Biologique), 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France, Toulouse, France
| | - J Chave
- Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, CNRS, ENFA, UMR5174 EDB (Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité Biologique), 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France, Toulouse, France
| | - R Lami
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes (LBBM), Observatoire Océanologique, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - K Perron
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D Stien
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes (LBBM), Observatoire Océanologique, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - JL Wolfender
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, EPGL, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland, Geneva, Switzerland
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10
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Lagarrigue S, Lopez-Mejia IC, Denechaud PD, Escoté X, Castillo-Armengol J, Jimenez V, Chavey C, Giralt A, Lai Q, Zhang L, Martinez-Carreres L, Delacuisine B, Annicotte JS, Blanchet E, Huré S, Abella A, Tinahones FJ, Vendrell J, Dubus P, Bosch F, Kahn CR, Fajas L. CDK4 is an essential insulin effector in adipocytes. J Clin Invest 2015; 126:335-48. [PMID: 26657864 DOI: 10.1172/jci81480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance is a fundamental pathogenic factor that characterizes various metabolic disorders, including obesity and type 2 diabetes. Adipose tissue contributes to the development of obesity-related insulin resistance through increased release of fatty acids, altered adipokine secretion, and/or macrophage infiltration and cytokine release. Here, we aimed to analyze the participation of the cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) in adipose tissue biology. We determined that white adipose tissue (WAT) from CDK4-deficient mice exhibits impaired lipogenesis and increased lipolysis. Conversely, lipolysis was decreased and lipogenesis was increased in mice expressing a mutant hyperactive form of CDK4 (CDK4(R24C)). A global kinome analysis of CDK4-deficient mice following insulin stimulation revealed that insulin signaling is impaired in these animals. We determined that insulin activates the CCND3-CDK4 complex, which in turn phosphorylates insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2) at serine 388, thereby creating a positive feedback loop that maintains adipocyte insulin signaling. Furthermore, we found that CCND3 expression and IRS2 serine 388 phosphorylation are increased in human obese subjects. Together, our results demonstrate that CDK4 is a major regulator of insulin signaling in WAT.
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11
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Denechaud PD, Lopez-Mejia IC, Giralt A, Lai Q, Blanchet E, Delacuisine B, Nicolay BN, Dyson NJ, Bonner C, Pattou F, Annicotte JS, Fajas L. E2F1 mediates sustained lipogenesis and contributes to hepatic steatosis. J Clin Invest 2015; 126:137-50. [PMID: 26619117 DOI: 10.1172/jci81542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
E2F transcription factors are known regulators of the cell cycle, proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. Here, we reveal that E2F1 plays an essential role in liver physiopathology through the regulation of glycolysis and lipogenesis. We demonstrate that E2F1 deficiency leads to a decrease in glycolysis and de novo synthesis of fatty acids in hepatocytes. We further demonstrate that E2F1 directly binds to the promoters of key lipogenic genes, including Fasn, but does not bind directly to genes encoding glycolysis pathway components, suggesting an indirect effect. In murine models, E2F1 expression and activity increased in response to feeding and upon insulin stimulation through canonical activation of the CDK4/pRB pathway. Moreover, E2F1 expression was increased in liver biopsies from obese, glucose-intolerant humans compared with biopsies from lean subjects. Finally, E2f1 deletion completely abrogated hepatic steatosis in different murine models of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In conclusion, our data demonstrate that E2F1 regulates lipid synthesis and glycolysis and thus contributes to the development of liver pathology.
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12
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Blanchet E, Van de Velde S, Matsumura S, Hao E, LeLay J, Kaestner K, Montminy M. Feedback inhibition of CREB signaling promotes beta cell dysfunction in insulin resistance. Cell Rep 2015; 10:1149-57. [PMID: 25704817 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Although persistent elevations in circulating glucose concentrations promote compensatory increases in pancreatic islet mass, unremitting insulin resistance causes deterioration in beta cell function that leads to the progression to diabetes. Here, we show that mice with a knockout of the CREB coactivator CRTC2 in beta cells have impaired oral glucose tolerance due to decreases in circulating insulin concentrations. CRTC2 was found to promote beta cell function in part by stimulating the expression of the transcription factor MafA. Chronic hyperglycemia disrupted cAMP signaling in pancreatic islets by activating the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF1)-dependent induction of the protein kinase A inhibitor beta (PKIB), a potent inhibitor of PKA catalytic activity. Indeed, disruption of the PKIB gene improved islet function in the setting of obesity. These results demonstrate how crosstalk between nutrient and hormonal pathways contributes to loss of pancreatic islet function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Blanchet
- Peptide Biology Laboratories, Salk Institute, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sam Van de Velde
- Peptide Biology Laboratories, Salk Institute, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Shigenobu Matsumura
- Peptide Biology Laboratories, Salk Institute, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ergeng Hao
- Peptide Biology Laboratories, Salk Institute, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - John LeLay
- Peptide Biology Laboratories, Salk Institute, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Genetics, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104-5156, USA
| | - Klaus Kaestner
- Peptide Biology Laboratories, Salk Institute, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Genetics, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104-5156, USA
| | - Marc Montminy
- Peptide Biology Laboratories, Salk Institute, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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13
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Magalhães S, Cailleau A, Blanchet E, Olivieri I. Do mites evolving in alternating host plants adapt to host switch? J Evol Biol 2014; 27:1956-64. [PMID: 25040065 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A fluctuating environment may be perceived as a composition of different environments, or as an environment per se, in which it is the fluctuation itself that poses a selection pressure. If so, then organisms may adapt to this alternation. We tested this using experimental populations of spider mites that have been evolving for 45 generations in a homogeneous environment (pepper or tomato plants), or in a heterogeneous environment composed of an alternation of these two plants approximately at each generation. The performance (daily oviposition rate and juvenile survival) of individuals from these populations was tested in each of the homogeneous environments, and in two alternating environments, one every 3 days and the other between generations. To discriminate between potential genetic interactions between alleles conferring adaptation to each host plant and environmental effects of evolving in a fluctuating environment, we compared the performance of all lines with that of a cross between tomato and pepper lines. As a control, two lines within each selection regime were also crossed. We found that crosses between alternating lines and between pepper and tomato lines performed worse than crosses between lines evolving in homogeneous environments when tested in that environment. In contrast, alternating lines performed either better or similarly to lines evolving in homogeneous environments when tested in a fluctuating environment. Our results suggest that fluctuating environments are more than the juxtaposition of two environments. Hence, tests for adaptation of organisms evolving in such environments should be carried out in fluctuating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Magalhães
- Centro de Biologia Ambiental, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, Université de Montpellier II, CNRS UMR 5554, Montpellier, France
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14
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Bertrand C, Blanchet E, Pessemesse L, Annicotte JS, Feillet-Coudray C, Chabi B, Levin J, Fajas L, Cabello G, Wrutniak-Cabello C, Casas F. Mice lacking the p43 mitochondrial T3 receptor become glucose intolerant and insulin resistant during aging. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75111. [PMID: 24098680 PMCID: PMC3787095 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (TH) play an important regulatory role in energy expenditure regulation and are key regulators of mitochondrial activity. We have previously identified a mitochondrial triiodothyronine (T3) receptor (p43) which acts as a mitochondrial transcription factor of the organelle genome, which leads in vitro and in vivo, to a stimulation of mitochondrial biogenesis. Recently, we generated mice carrying a specific p43 invalidation. At 2 months of age, we reported that p43 depletion in mice induced a major defect in insulin secretion both in vivo and in isolated pancreatic islets, and a loss of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. The present study was designed to determine whether p43 invalidation influences life expectancy and modulates blood glucose and insulin levels as well as glucose tolerance or insulin sensitivity during aging. We report that from 4 months old onwards, mice lacking p43 are leaner than wild-type mice. p43−/− mice also have a moderate reduction of life expectancy compared to wild type. We found no difference in blood glucose levels, excepted at 24 months old where p43−/− mice showed a strong hyperglycemia in fasting conditions compared to controls animals. However, the loss of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was maintained whatever the age of mice lacking p43. If up to 12 months old, glucose tolerance remained unchanged, beyond this age p43−/− mice became increasingly glucose intolerant. In addition, if up to 12 months old p43 deficient animals were more sensitive to insulin, after this age we observed a loss of this capacity, culminating in 24 months old mice with a decreased sensitivity to the hormone. In conclusion, we demonstrated that during aging the depletion of the mitochondrial T3 receptor p43 in mice progressively induced an increased glycemia in the fasted state, glucose intolerance and an insulin-resistance several features of type-2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Bertrand
- INRA, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, Montpellier, France; Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France; Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France
| | - Emilie Blanchet
- IGMM, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, CNRS-UMR5535, Montpellier France; Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France; Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier France
| | - Laurence Pessemesse
- INRA, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, Montpellier, France; Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France; Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean Sébastien Annicotte
- IGMM, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, CNRS-UMR5535, Montpellier France; Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France; Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier France
| | - Christine Feillet-Coudray
- INRA, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, Montpellier, France; Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France; Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France
| | - Béatrice Chabi
- INRA, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, Montpellier, France; Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France; Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France
| | - Jonathan Levin
- INRA, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, Montpellier, France; Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France; Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France
| | - Lluis Fajas
- IGMM, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, CNRS-UMR5535, Montpellier France; Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France; Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier France
| | - Gérard Cabello
- INRA, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, Montpellier, France; Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France; Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France
| | - Chantal Wrutniak-Cabello
- INRA, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, Montpellier, France; Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France; Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France
| | - François Casas
- INRA, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, Montpellier, France; Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France; Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France
- * E-mail:
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15
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Geiger M, Guitton Y, Vansteelandt M, Kerzaon I, Blanchet E, Robiou du Pont T, Frisvad JC, Hess P, Pouchus YF, Grovel O. Cytotoxicity and mycotoxin production of shellfish-derived Penicillium spp., a risk for shellfish consumers. Lett Appl Microbiol 2013; 57:385-92. [PMID: 24006923 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In order to assess the putative toxigenic risk associated with the presence of fungal strains in shellfish-farming areas, Penicillium strains were isolated from bivalve molluscs and from the surrounding environment, and the influence of the sample origin on the cytotoxicity of the extracts was evaluated. Extracts obtained from shellfish-derived Penicillia exhibited higher cytotoxicity than the others. Ten of these strains were grown on various media including a medium based on mussel extract (Mytilus edulis), mussel flesh-based medium (MES), to study the influence of the mussel flesh on the production of cytotoxic compounds. The MES host-derived medium was created substituting the yeast extract of YES medium by an aqueous extract of mussel tissues, with other constituent identical to YES medium. When shellfish-derived strains of fungi were grown on MES medium, extracts were found to be more cytotoxic than on the YES medium for some of the strains. HPLC-UV/DAD-MS/MS dereplication of extracts from Penicillium marinum and P. restrictum strains grown on MES medium showed the enhancement of the production of some cytotoxic compounds. The mycotoxin patulin was detected in some P. antarcticum extracts, and its presence seemed to be related to their cytotoxicity. Thus, the enhancement of the toxicity of extracts obtained from shellfish-derived Penicillium strains grown on a host-derived medium, and the production of metabolites such as patulin suggests that a survey of mycotoxins in edible shellfish should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Geiger
- MMS, University of Nantes, Nantes, France; Phycotoxins Laboratory, IFREMER, Nantes, France
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16
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Dansou A, Groussin L, Gaborit C, Touraine A, Blanchet E, Laporte L, Jouneau C, Pennamen E, Maino B. [Approach and management of tobacco quitting process of the smoker patient by 149 residents in a university hospital in Tours]. Rev Mal Respir 2012; 29:878-88. [PMID: 22980548 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2012.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2011] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION How do residents, specialists or general practitioners advise patients who are smokers when they are admitted to hospital? Do they assess their smoking status? How much do they know about smoking cessation? Do they know the tests essential to allow an effective approach to smokers? METHODS One hundred and forty-nine residents were approached over a nine-month period by three pharmacy students. The questionnaire addressed the assessment of smokers and the possible management of their quitting process: the average time devoted to tobacco cessation, knowledge of "brief smoking cessation advice", assessment of nicotine addiction and motivation to quit as well as detection of withdrawal symptoms, knowledge of the list of nicotine substitutes prescribed by the Tours CHRU, and referral of smokers to a smoking cessation specialist. RESULTS One hundred and thirty-four (90%) residents out of the 149 who were questioned reported that they tried to assess the smoking status of their patients. The average time devoted to tobacco in a consultation was 4 minutes. Seventy-seven percent of those concerned knew what constituted "brief smoking cessation" and 59% reported delivering it regularly. The Fagerström test was known by 96% of them but only 13% of residents used it. With the exception of two residents in pneumonology, the Q. MAT, an assessment test of motivation to quit smoking, was unknown to them. Nicotine withdrawal symptoms were well recognised. Sixty-nine percent of them knew about the prescription list and 75% of them prescribed nicotine substitutes. CONCLUSIONS The approach to the smoking patient varied according to the resident's speciality. Smoking assessment was done systematically by most but did not always lead to an assessment of patients' motivation to stop smoking or to an offer of assistance with quitting. This observation led to the development of a tool to improve the approach to smokers, available within the CHRU intranet covering the principles of the management of the tobacco quitting process; informing, helping to stop feeling guilty, assessing the motivation to quit (Q.MAT), assessing the smoker's addiction (Fagerström test), offering assistance and a list of nicotine substitutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dansou
- Unité de Coordination de Tabacologie, Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Bretonneau, CHRU de Tours, 2, boulevard Tonnellé, 37044 Tours cedex 9, France.
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17
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Blanchet E, Annicotte JS, Pradelli LA, Hugon G, Matecki S, Mornet D, Rivier F, Fajas L. E2F transcription factor-1 deficiency reduces pathophysiology in the mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy through increased muscle oxidative metabolism. Hum Mol Genet 2012; 21:3910-7. [PMID: 22678059 PMCID: PMC3412384 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/dds219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
E2F1 deletion leads to increased mitochondrial number and function, increased body temperature in response to cold and increased resistance to fatigue with exercise. Since E2f1−/− mice show increased muscle performance, we examined the effect of E2f1 genetic inactivation in the mdx background, a mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). E2f1−/−;mdx mice demonstrated a strong reduction of physiopathological signs of DMD, including preservation of muscle structure, decreased inflammatory profile, increased utrophin expression, resulting in better endurance and muscle contractile parameters, comparable to normal mdx mice. E2f1 deficiency in the mdx genetic background increased the oxidative metabolic gene program, mitochondrial activity and improved muscle functions. Interestingly, we observed increased E2F1 protein levels in DMD patients, suggesting that E2F1 might represent a promising target for the treatment of DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Blanchet
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Montpellier F-34293, France
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18
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Blanchet E, Lecoq M, Sword G, Berthier K, Pages C, Billot C, Rivallan R, Foucart A, Vassal JM, Risterucci A, Chapuis MP. A comparative analysis of fine-scale genetic structure in three closely related syntopic species of the grasshopper genus Calliptamus. CAN J ZOOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1139/z11-109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Landscape analysis and genetics can allow a better understanding of grasshoppers for which ecology is not very well known. We analysed landscape changes between 1990 and 2006 at two areas from southern France where three grasshopper species ( Calliptamus italicus (L., 1758), Calliptamus wattenwylianus Pantel, 1896, and Calliptamus barbarus (Costa, 1836)) occur. We then applied microsatellite markers to the study of 1200 georeferenced samples collected over both areas. We used a recent Bayesian clustering method with correlated allele frequencies to detect weak population genetic structure. We found evidence of breaks in gene flow only in C. wattenwylianus, thought to be sedentary relative to its congenerics. By using different allele frequency models and prior information to different levels of genetic differentiation for our six real data sets, our study also informs on the ability of the newly available Bayesian clustering methods model to detect weak genetic structure in natural field populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Blanchet
- CIRAD UPR Bioagresseurs: analyse et maîtrise du risque, Montpellier, F-34398 France
| | - M. Lecoq
- CIRAD UPR Bioagresseurs: analyse et maîtrise du risque, Montpellier, F-34398 France
| | - G.A. Sword
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Sydney, Macleay Building A12, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - K. Berthier
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Sydney, Macleay Building A12, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - C. Pages
- CIRAD UPR Bioagresseurs: analyse et maîtrise du risque, Montpellier, F-34398 France
| | - C. Billot
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - R. Rivallan
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - A. Foucart
- CIRAD UPR Bioagresseurs: analyse et maîtrise du risque, Montpellier, F-34398 France
| | - J.-M. Vassal
- CIRAD UPR Bioagresseurs: analyse et maîtrise du risque, Montpellier, F-34398 France
| | | | - M.-P. Chapuis
- CIRAD UPR Bioagresseurs: analyse et maîtrise du risque, Montpellier, F-34398 France
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Sydney, Macleay Building A12, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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19
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Blanchet E, Bertrand C, Annicotte JS, Schlernitzauer A, Pessemesse L, Levin J, Fouret G, Feillet-Coudray C, Bonafos B, Fajas L, Cabello G, Wrutniak-Cabello C, Casas F. Mitochondrial T3 receptor p43 regulates insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis. FASEB J 2011; 26:40-50. [PMID: 21914860 DOI: 10.1096/fj.11-186841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone is a major determinant of energy expenditure and a key regulator of mitochondrial activity. We have previously identified a mitochondrial triiodothyronine receptor (p43) that acts as a mitochondrial transcription factor of the organelle genome, which leads, in vitro and in vivo, to a stimulation of mitochondrial biogenesis. Here we generated mice specifically lacking p43 to address its physiological influence. We found that p43 is required for normal glucose homeostasis. The p43(-/-) mice had a major defect in insulin secretion both in vivo and in isolated pancreatic islets and a loss of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Moreover, a high-fat/high-sucrose diet elicited more severe glucose intolerance than that recorded in normal animals. In addition, we observed in p43(-/-) mice both a decrease in pancreatic islet density and in the activity of complexes of the respiratory chain in isolated pancreatic islets. These dysfunctions were associated with a down-regulation of the expression of the glucose transporter Glut2 and of Kir6.2, a key component of the K(ATP) channel. Our findings establish that p43 is an important regulator of glucose homeostasis and pancreatic β-cell function and provide evidence for the first time of a physiological role for a mitochondrial endocrine receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Blanchet
- UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France
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20
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Blanchet E, Blondin L, Gagnaire PA, Foucart A, Vassal JM, Lecoq M. Multiplex PCR assay to discriminate four neighbouring species of the Calliptamus genus (Orthoptera: Acrididae) from France. Bull Entomol Res 2010; 100:701-706. [PMID: 20504385 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485310000052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Definition of the genus Calliptamus (Orthoptera: Acrididae) has generated many taxonomic debates. Even now, the existence of different geographical morphs hinders species determination, particularly as concerns females and larvae. Some of these species are observed in southern France and are recognized as potential pests. To circumvent problems of species identification in ecological surveys, we developed a single multiplex PCR method based on mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxydase I diagnostic polymorphisms to differentiate between the four species, Calliptamus italicus, C. wattenwylianus, C. siciliae and C. barbarus, in southern regions of France.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Blanchet
- CIRAD Acridologie, Montpellier, F-34398 France.
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21
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Abstract
Pancreatic beta-cells are metabolic sensors involved in the control of glucose homeostasis. This particular cell type controls insulin secretion through a fine-tuned process, which dregulation have important pathological consequences, such as observed during type 2 diabetes. We recently implicated E2F1 in the control of glucose homeostasis. First we showed that E2f1-/- mice have decreased pancreatic size, as the result of impaired postnatal pancreatic growth. We observed in this study that E2F1 was highly expressed in non-proliferating pancreatic beta-cells, suggesting that E2F1, besides the control of beta-cell number could have a role in pancreatic beta-cell function. We demonstrate in our recent study, both in vitro and in vivo that E2F1 directly regulates the expression of Kir6.2, a key component of the KATP channel involved in the regulation of glucose-induced insulin secretion in pancreatic beta-cells. Expression of Kir6.2 is lost in pancreas of E2f1-/- mice, resulting in insulin secretion defects in these mice. Furthermore, we demonstrated by in tissue chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis that regulation of Kir6.2 expression by E2F1 follows the same regulatory pathway that the classical E2F1 target genes, implicating the participation of CDK4 and retinoblastoma protein. Moreover, in this context, E2F1 transcriptional activity is regulated by glucose and insulin through the CDK4-dependent inactivation of the pRB protein. In summary we provide evidence that the CDK4-pRB-E2F1 regulatory pathway is involved in glucose homeostasis. In our recent study we decipher a new function for these factors in the control of insulin secretion and open up new avenues for the treatment of metabolic diseases, in particular type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lluis Fajas
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Montpellier, F-34298, France.
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22
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Abstract
Pancreatic β-cells are sensors of circulating glucose levels that control insulin secretion through a finely-tuned process. Under hyperglycemic conditions, glucose enters the cell, generates ATP, leading to a subsequent closure of voltage-dependent ATP channels, membrane depolarization, Ca²(+) entry and exocytosis of insulin vesicles. In pathological conditions, such as during type 2 diabetes (T2D), chronic hyperglycemia will ultimately result in decreased capability of β-cells to secrete sufficient amount of insulin to regulate glycemia. Therefore, understanding of the mechanisms of modulation of insulin secretion could be of interest for the treatment of diabetes. We have demonstrated that a particular cell cycle regulator, E2F1, is involved in pancreatic post-natal growth through its functions in the control of β-cell proliferation. Based on the observation that cell cycle regulators were highly expressed in non-proliferating β-cell, we hypothesized that these proteins could also have a direct role in pancreatic β-cell function. Altogether our data unravel a new function for these factors in the control of insulin secretion and open up new avenues for the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lluis Fajas
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, France.
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23
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Blanchet E, Pages C, Blondin L, Billot C, Rivallan R, Vassal JM, Lecoq M, Risterucci AM. Isolation of microsatellite markers in the Calliptamus genus (Orthoptera, Acrididae). J Insect Sci 2010; 10:133. [PMID: 20883130 PMCID: PMC3388974 DOI: 10.1673/031.010.13301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2008] [Accepted: 01/29/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The Calliptamus genus (Orthoptera: Acrididae) includes locust and grasshopper species, some of which have a high economic impact. Using an enriched methodology, 10 microsatellite markers have been developed from two species, Calliptamus italicus and Calliptamus barbarus. These polymorphic markers were tested on different populations of three Calliptamus species: C. italicus, C. barbarus, C. wattenwylianus. Two markers were amplified on the three species, as well as four on C. barbarus and two on C. italicus. In each species, 9 to 23 alleles per locus were observed. These molecular markers might prove to be a new and interesting tool for Calliptamus population genetics and dispersion studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Blanchet
- CIRAD, UPR Acridologie, Montpellier, F-34398 France
| | - C. Pages
- CIRAD, UPR Acridologie, Montpellier, F-34398 France
| | - L. Blondin
- CIRAD, UPR Acridologie, Montpellier, F-34398 France
| | - C. Billot
- CIRAD, UMR Development and Adaptation of Plants, Montpellier, F-34398 France
| | - R. Rivallan
- CIRAD, UMR Development and Adaptation of Plants, Montpellier, F-34398 France
| | - JM. Vassal
- CIRAD, UPR Acridologie, Montpellier, F-34398 France
| | - M. Lecoq
- CIRAD, UPR Acridologie, Montpellier, F-34398 France
| | - AM. Risterucci
- CIRAD, UMR Development and Adaptation of Plants, Montpellier, F-34398 France
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Abstract
We recently showed that the CDK4-pRB-E2F1 cell cycle regulators directly regulate the expression of Kir6.2, which is a key component of the K(ATP) channel involved in the regulation of glucose-induced insulin secretion. There is enough evidence to indicate that the CDK4-pRB-E2F1 regulatory pathway is involved in general glucose homeostasis, and metabolism. In this article we discuss which are the metabolic implications of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Blanchet
- INSERM U896 and IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier and University Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France
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Annicotte JS, Blanchet E, Chavey C, Iankova I, Costes S, Assou S, Teyssier J, Dalle S, Sardet C, Fajas L. The CDK4-pRB-E2F1 pathway controls insulin secretion. Nat Cell Biol 2009; 11:1017-23. [PMID: 19597485 DOI: 10.1038/ncb1915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2008] [Accepted: 04/28/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
CDK4-pRB-E2F1 cell-cycle regulators are robustly expressed in non-proliferating beta cells, suggesting that besides the control of beta-cell number the CDK4-pRB-E2F1 pathway has a role in beta-cell function. We show here that E2F1 directly regulates expression of Kir6.2, which is a key component of the K(ATP) channel involved in the regulation of glucose-induced insulin secretion. We demonstrate, through chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis from tissues, that Kir6.2 expression is regulated at the promoter level by the CDK4-pRB-E2F1 pathway. Consistently, inhibition of CDK4, or genetic inactivation of E2F1, results in decreased expression of Kir6.2, impaired insulin secretion and glucose intolerance in mice. Furthermore we show that rescue of Kir6.2 expression restores insulin secretion in E2f1(-/-) beta cells. Finally, we demonstrate that CDK4 is activated by glucose through the insulin pathway, ultimately resulting in E2F1 activation and, consequently, increased expression of Kir6.2. In summary we provide evidence that the CDK4-pRB-E2F1 regulatory pathway is involved in glucose homeostasis, defining a new link between cell proliferation and metabolism.
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Blanchet E, Goupil F, Lassalle V, Prost A, Alami O, Lebas FX. BCGite systémique : intérêt du TEP ? Rev Mal Respir 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0761-8425(09)74680-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Blanchet E, Kull E, Beau P. [Pneumomediastinum without colonic perforation during a severe attack of ulcerative colitis]. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 2001; 25:1121-3. [PMID: 11911001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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