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Dong C, Zhou J, Su X, He Z, Song Q, Song C, Ke H, Wang C, Liao W, Yang S. Understanding formation processes of calcareous nephrolithiasis in renal interstitium and tubule lumen. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18235. [PMID: 38509735 PMCID: PMC10955165 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Kidney stone, one of the oldest known diseases, has plagued humans for centuries, consistently imposing a heavy burden on patients and healthcare systems worldwide due to their high incidence and recurrence rates. Advancements in endoscopy, imaging, genetics, molecular biology and bioinformatics have led to a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of the mechanism behind nephrolithiasis. Kidney stone formation is a complex, multi-step and long-term process involving the transformation of stone-forming salts from free ions into asymptomatic or symptomatic stones influenced by physical, chemical and biological factors. Among the various types of kidney stones observed in clinical practice, calcareous nephrolithiasis is currently the most common and exhibits the most intricate formation mechanism. Extensive research suggests that calcareous nephrolithiasis primarily originates from interstitial subepithelial calcified plaques and/or calcified blockages in the openings of collecting ducts. These calcified plaques and blockages eventually come into contact with urine in the renal pelvis, serving as a nidus for crystal formation and subsequent stone growth. Both pathways of stone formation share similar mechanisms, such as the drive of abnormal urine composition, involvement of oxidative stress and inflammation, and an imbalance of stone inhibitors and promoters. However, they also possess unique characteristics. Hence, this review aims to provide detailed description and present recent discoveries regarding the formation processes of calcareous nephrolithiasis from two distinct birthplaces: renal interstitium and tubule lumen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitao Dong
- Department of UrologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei ProvinceChina
| | - Jiawei Zhou
- Department of UrologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei ProvinceChina
| | - Xiaozhe Su
- Department of UrologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei ProvinceChina
| | - Ziqi He
- Department of UrologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei ProvinceChina
| | - Qianlin Song
- Department of UrologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei ProvinceChina
| | - Chao Song
- Department of UrologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei ProvinceChina
| | - Hu Ke
- Department of UrologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei ProvinceChina
| | - Chuan Wang
- Department of UrologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei ProvinceChina
| | - Wenbiao Liao
- Department of UrologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei ProvinceChina
| | - Sixing Yang
- Department of UrologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei ProvinceChina
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Yang J, Wu W, Amier Y, Li X, Wan W, Xun Y, Yu X. Ferroptosis and its emerging role in kidney stone formation. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:314. [PMID: 38376557 PMCID: PMC10879253 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09259-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Kidney stone is a common and highly recurrent disease in urology, and its pathogenesis is associated with various factors. However, its precise pathogenesis is still unknown. Ferroptosis describes a form of regulated cell death that is driven by unrestricted lipid peroxidation, which does not require the activation of caspase and can be suppressed by iron chelators, lipophilic antioxidants, inhibitors of lipid peroxidation, and depletion of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Recent studies have shown that ferroptosis plays a crucial role in kidney stone formation. An increasing number of studies have shown that calcium oxalate, urate, phosphate, and selenium deficiency induce ferroptosis and promote kidney stone formation through mechanisms such as oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and autophagy. We also offered a new direction for the downstream mechanism of ferroptosis in kidney stone formation based on the "death wave" phenomenon. We reviewed the emerging role of ferroptosis in kidney stone formation and provided new ideas for the future treatment and prevention of kidney stones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Yang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Weisong Wu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yirixiatijiang Amier
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xianmiao Li
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wenlong Wan
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yang Xun
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Department of Urology, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Liberalization Ave, No. 1095, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Xiao Yu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Department of Urology, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Liberalization Ave, No. 1095, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Huang HJ, Lee YH, Sung LC, Chen YJ, Chiu YJ, Chiu HW, Zheng CM. Drug repurposing screens to identify potential drugs for chronic kidney disease by targeting prostaglandin E2 receptor. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:3490-3502. [PMID: 37484490 PMCID: PMC10362296 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal inflammation and fibrosis are significantly correlated with the deterioration of kidney function and result in chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, current therapies only delay disease progression and have limited treatment effects. Hence, the development of innovative therapeutic approaches to mitigate the progression of CKD has become an attractive issue. To date, the incidence of CKD is still increasing, and the biomarkers of the pathophysiologic processes of CKD are not clear. Therefore, the identification of novel therapeutic targets associated with the progression of CKD is an attractive issue. It is a critical necessity to discover new therapeutics as nephroprotective strategies to stop CKD progression. In this research, we focus on targeting a prostaglandin E2 receptor (EP2) as a nephroprotective strategy for the development of additional anti-inflammatory or antifibrotic strategies for CKD. The in silico study identified that ritodrine, dofetilide, dobutamine, and citalopram are highly related to EP2 from the results of chemical database virtual screening. Furthermore, we found that the above four candidate drugs increased the activation of autophagy in human kidney cells, which also reduced the expression level of fibrosis and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. It is hoped that these findings of the four candidates with anti-NLRP3 inflammasome activation and antifibrotic effects will lead to the development of novel therapies for patients with CKD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Jin Huang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Lee
- Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chin Sung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jie Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jhe Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Wen Chiu
- TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University
| | - Cai-Mei Zheng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
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Yang BY, Zhao FZ, Li J, Wang XC, Zhao HM, Tian Y. Epitranscriptomic profiling of m6A RNA methylation in renal epithelial tubular cells stimulated with calcium oxalate crystals through microarray analysis. Urolithiasis 2023; 51:57. [PMID: 36947229 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-023-01425-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of m6A RNA methylation to CaOX-induced renal tubular injury. Microarray analysis was performed to detect the difference in mRNA expression and m6A methylation between the injurious groups and controls. We established injurious renal tubular epithelial cell model induced by calcium oxalate crystals (CaOX), and we validated that CaOX could increase the overall m6A methylation levels. By microarray analysis, we identified 5967 differentially expressed mRNAs (2444 were up-regulated and 3523 were down-regulated in the injurious groups) and 6853 differentially methylated mRNAs (4055 were in hypermethylation and 3688 were in hypomethylation in the injurious groups). Four clusters (hyper-up, hyper-down, hypo-up and hypo-down) were further identified via conjoint analysis. Functional analysis revealed that m6A methylation played a crucial role in the development of CaOX through participating multiple processes covering inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, crystal-cell adhesion. We delineated the first transcriptome-wide m6A landscape of injurious renal tubular cells in high-CaOX environment. We identified a series of mRNAs of renal tubular epithelial cells with differential expression and m6A methylation between the CaOX-treated groups and controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Yu Yang
- Department of Urology, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Fang-Zhou Zhao
- Department of Urology, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Urology, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Xiao-Chuan Wang
- Department of Urology, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Hui-Min Zhao
- Department of Urology, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Urology, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100050, China
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Dong C, Song C, He Z, Song Q, Song T, Liu J, Xiong Y, Su X, Zhou J, Yang S, Liao W. Protective efficacy of Schizandrin B on ameliorating nephrolithiasis via regulating GSK3β/Nrf2 signaling-mediated ferroptosis in vivo and in vitro. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 117:110042. [PMID: 36940552 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Schizandrin B (SchB) protects against oxidative, inflammatory, and ferroptotic injury. Oxidative stress and inflammation are indispensably involved in nephrolithiasis and ferroptosis also plays an important role in stone formation. It is unclear whether SchB can ameliorate nephrolithiasis; its underlying mechanism is also unknown. First, we employed bioinformatics to investigate the mechanisms of nephrolithiasis. To evaluate the efficacy of SchB, HK-2 cell models of oxalate-induced damage, Erastin-induced ferroptosis, and the Sprague Dawley rat model of Ethylene Glycol-induced nephrolithiasis were established. Then, Nrf2 siRNA and GSK3β overexpression plasmids were transfected into HK-2 cells to elucidate the role of SchB in regulating oxidative stress-mediated ferroptosis. In our study, oxidative stress and inflammation were strongly associated with nephrolithiasis. Administration of SchB attenuated the cell viability, dysfunctional mitochondria, oxidative stress and inflammatory response in vitro and alleviated renal injury and crystal deposition in vivo. SchB treatment also reduced the levels of cellular Fe2+ accumulation, lipid peroxidation and MDA, and regulated ferroptosis-related proteins, including XCT, GPX4, FTH1 and CD71, in Erastin-induced or oxalate-induced HK-2 cells. Mechanistically, SchB facilitated Nrf2 nuclear translocation, and silencing Nrf2 or overexpressing GSK3β worsened oxalate-induced oxidative injury and abolished the beneficial effect of SchB against ferroptosis in vitro. To summarize, SchB could alleviate nephrolithiasis by positively regulating GSK3β/Nrf2 signaling-mediated ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitao Dong
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Song
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqi He
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianlin Song
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianbao Song
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Junwei Liu
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhe Xiong
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaozhe Su
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Zhou
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Sixing Yang
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenbiao Liao
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
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Zhu W, Qiong D, Yanli G, Min L, Ying Z, Qiyi H, Shenping Z, Xisheng W, Hui L. Proteomics and transcriptomics profiling reveals distinct aspects of kidney stone related genes in calculi rats. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:127. [PMID: 36932340 PMCID: PMC10024419 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09222-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Kidney stone also known as urolithiasis or nephrolithiasis, is one of the oldest diseases known to medicine, however, the gene expression changes and related kidney injury remains unclear. METHODS A calculi rat model was developed via ethylene glycol- and ammonium chloride-induction. Integrated proteomic and transcriptomic analysis was performed to characterize the distinct gene expression profiles in the kidney of calculi rat. Differential expressed genes (DEGs) were sub-clustered into distinct groups according to the consistency of transcriptome and proteome. Gene Ontology and KEGG pathway enrichment was performed to analyze the functions of each sub-group of DEGs. Immunohistochemistry was performed to validated the expression of identified proteins. RESULTS Five thousand eight hundred ninety-seven genes were quantified at both transcriptome and proteome levels, and six distinct gene clusters were identified, of which 14 genes were consistently dysregulated. Functional enrichment analysis showed that the calculi rat kidney was increased expression of injured & apoptotic markers and immune-molecules, and decreased expression of solute carriers & transporters and many metabolic related factors. CONCLUSIONS The present proteotranscriptomic study provided a data resource and new insights for better understanding of the pathogenesis of nephrolithiasis, will hopefully facilitate the future development of new strategies for the recurrence prevention and treatment in patients with kidney stone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Zhu
- Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Longhua Shenzhen, Southern Medical University, 38 Jinglong Jianshe Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518109, People's Republic of China
| | - Deng Qiong
- Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Longhua Shenzhen, Southern Medical University, 38 Jinglong Jianshe Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518109, People's Republic of China
| | - Gu Yanli
- Central Laboratory, People's Hospital of Longhua Shenzhen, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518109, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Min
- Department of Pathology, People's Hospital of Longhua Shenzhen, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518109, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhang Ying
- Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Longhua Shenzhen, Southern Medical University, 38 Jinglong Jianshe Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518109, People's Republic of China
| | - Hu Qiyi
- Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Longhua Shenzhen, Southern Medical University, 38 Jinglong Jianshe Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518109, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhang Shenping
- Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Longhua Shenzhen, Southern Medical University, 38 Jinglong Jianshe Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518109, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Xisheng
- Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Longhua Shenzhen, Southern Medical University, 38 Jinglong Jianshe Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518109, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liang Hui
- Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Longhua Shenzhen, Southern Medical University, 38 Jinglong Jianshe Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518109, People's Republic of China.
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Zhao J, Wu Y, Zhou K, Huang M, Sun Y, Kang J, Su Q, Zhao Y, Liu Q, Li C. Ferroptosis in calcium oxalate kidney stone formation and the possible regulatory mechanism of ANKRD1. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2023; 1870:119452. [PMID: 36907445 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to explore the role of ferroptosis in the formation of calcium oxalate (CaOx) kidney stones and the regulatory mechanism of the ankyrin repeat domain 1 (ANKRD1) gene. The study found that the Nrf2/HO-1 and p53/SLC7A11 signaling pathways were activated in the kidney stone model group, and the expression of the ferroptosis marker proteins SLC7A11 and GPX4 was significantly reduced, while the expression of ACSL4 was significantly increased. The expression of the iron transport-related proteins CP and TF increased significantly, and Fe2+ accumulated in the cell. The expression of HMGB1 increased significantly. In addition, the level of intracellular oxidative stress was increased. The gene with the most significant difference caused by CaOx crystals in HK-2 cells was ANKRD1. Silencing or overexpression of ANKRD1 by lentiviral infection technology regulated the expression of the p53/SLC7A11 signaling pathway, which regulated the ferroptosis induced by CaOx crystals. In conclusion, CaOx crystals can mediate ferroptosis through the Nrf2/HO-1 and p53/SLC7A11 pathways, thereby weakening the resistance of HK-2 cells to oxidative stress and other unfavorable factors, enhancing cell damage, and increasing crystal adhesion and CaOx crystal deposition in the kidney. ANKRD1 participates in the formation and development of CaOx kidney stones by activating ferroptosis mediated by the p53/SLC7A11 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Zhao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yongxian Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Kai Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Moran Huang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Juening Kang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Qisheng Su
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yutong Zhao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Quan Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China; Department of Urology, Liuzhou Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China.
| | - Chengyang Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
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Sun Y, Liu S, Chen C, Yang S, Pei G, Lin M, Wang T, Long J, Yan Q, Yao J, Lin Y, Yi F, Meng L, Tan Y, Ai Q, Chen N, Yang Y. The mechanism of programmed death and endoplasmic reticulum stress in pulmonary hypertension. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:78. [PMID: 36841823 PMCID: PMC9968278 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01373-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) was a cardiovascular disease with high morbidity and mortality. PH was a chronic disease with complicated pathogenesis and uncontrollable factors. PH was divided into five groups according to its pathogenesis and clinical manifestations. Although the treatment and diagnosis of PH has made great progress in the past ten years. However, the diagnosis and prognosis of the PAH had a great contrast, which was not conducive to the diagnosis and treatment of PH. If not treated properly, it will lead to right ventricular failure or even death. Therefore, it was necessary to explore the pathogenesis of PH. The problem we urgently need to solve was to find and develop drugs for the treatment of PH. We reviewed the PH articles in the past 10 years or so as well as systematically summarized the recent advance. We summarized the latest research on the key regulatory factors (pyroptosis, apoptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, and endoplasmic reticulum stress) involved in PH. To provide theoretical basis and basis for finding new therapeutic targets and research directions of PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sun
- grid.488482.a0000 0004 1765 5169Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Shasha Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Changsha Hospital for Matemal & Child Health Care, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Chen Chen
- grid.412643.60000 0004 1757 2902Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Songwei Yang
- grid.488482.a0000 0004 1765 5169Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Gang Pei
- grid.488482.a0000 0004 1765 5169Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Meiyu Lin
- grid.488482.a0000 0004 1765 5169Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Ting Wang
- grid.501248.aDepartment of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Junpeng Long
- grid.488482.a0000 0004 1765 5169Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Qian Yan
- grid.488482.a0000 0004 1765 5169Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Jiao Yao
- grid.488482.a0000 0004 1765 5169Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Yuting Lin
- grid.488482.a0000 0004 1765 5169Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Fan Yi
- grid.411615.60000 0000 9938 1755Key Laboratory of Cosmetic, China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Lei Meng
- grid.488482.a0000 0004 1765 5169Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Yong Tan
- Department of nephrology, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan, P. R. China
| | - Qidi Ai
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P. R. China.
| | - Naihong Chen
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P. R. China. .,State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China.
| | - Yantao Yang
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P. R. China.
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Bhardwaj R, Bhardwaj A, Dhawan DK, Tandon C, Kaur T. 4-PBA rescues hyperoxaluria induced nephrolithiasis by modulating urinary glycoproteins: Cross talk between endoplasmic reticulum, calcium homeostasis and mitochondria. Life Sci 2022; 305:120786. [PMID: 35809664 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM Urinary glycoproteins such as Tamm Horsfall Protein (THP) and Osteopontin (OPN) are well established key regulators of renal stone formation. Additionally, recent revelations have highlighted the influence of Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) and mitochondria of crucial importance in nephrolithiasis. However, till date conclusive approach highlighting the influence of ER stress on urinary glycoproteins and chaperone in nephrolithiasis remains elusive. Therefore, the present study was focussed on deciphering the possible effect of 4-PBA mitigating ER stress on urinary glycoproteins and calnexin (chaperone) with emphasis on interlinking calcium homeostasis in hyperoxaluric rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS Post 9 days of treatment, animals were sacrificed, and renal tissues were investigated for urinary glycoproteins, calnexin, calcium homeostasis, ER environment, redox status, and mitochondrial linkage. KEY FINDINGS 4-PBA appreciably reversed the altered levels of THP, OPN, and calnexin observed along with curtailing the disrupted calcium homeostasis when assessed for SERCA activity and intra-cellular calcium levels. Additionally, significant improvement in the perturbed ER environment as verified by escalated ER stress markers, disturbed protein folding-aggregation-degradation (congo red assay) pathway, and redox status was found post 4-PBA intervention. Interestingly, linkage of ER stress and mitochondria was established under hyperoxaluric conditions when assessed for protein levels of VDAC1 and GRP75. SIGNIFICANCE 4-PBA treatment resulted in rectifying the repercussions of ER-mitochondrial caused distress when assessed for protein folding/aggregation/degradation events along with disturbed calcium homeostasis. The present study advocates the necessity to adopt a holistic vision towards hyperoxaluria with emphasis on glycoproteins and ER environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Bhardwaj
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ankita Bhardwaj
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | | | | | - Tanzeer Kaur
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
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Carboxymethylation of Desmodium styracifolium Polysaccharide and Its Repair Effect on Damaged HK-2 Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2082263. [PMID: 35993017 PMCID: PMC9391130 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2082263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective Desmodium styracifolium is the best traditional medicine for treating kidney calculi in China. This study is aimed at increasing the carboxyl (-COOH) content of D. styracifolium polysaccharide (DSP0) and further increasing its antistone activity. Methods DSP0 was carboxymethylated with chloroacetic acid at varying degrees. Then, oxalate-damaged HK-2 cells were repaired with modified polysaccharide, and the changes in biochemical indices before and after repair were detected. Results Three modified polysaccharides with 7.45% (CDSP1), 12.2% (CDSP2), and 17.7% (CDSP3) -COOH are obtained. Compared with DSP0 (-COOH content = 1.17%), CDSPs have stronger antioxidant activity in vitro and can improve the vitality of damaged HK-2 cells. CDSPs repair the cell morphology and cytoskeleton, increase the cell healing ability, reduce reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide levels, increase mitochondrial membrane potential, limit autophagy level to a low level, reduce the eversion of phosphatidylserine in the cell membrane, weaken the inhibition of oxalate on DNA synthesis, restore cell cycle to normal state, promote cell proliferation, and reduce apoptosis/necrosis. Conclusion The carboxymethylation modification of DSP0 can improve its antioxidant activity and enhance its ability to repair damaged HK-2 cells. Among them, CDSP2 with medium -COOH content has the highest activity of repairing cells, whereas CDSP3 with the highest -COOH content has the highest antioxidant activity. This difference may be related to the active environment of polysaccharide and conformation of the polysaccharide and cell signal pathway. This result suggests that Desmodium styracifolium polysaccharide with increased -COOH content may have improved potential treatment and prevention of kidney calculi.
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Liu Y, Sun Y, Kang J, He Z, Liu Q, Wu J, Li D, Wang X, Tao Z, Guan X, She W, Xu H, Deng Y. Role of ROS-Induced NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in the Formation of Calcium Oxalate Nephrolithiasis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:818625. [PMID: 35154136 PMCID: PMC8828488 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.818625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis is a common and highly recurrent disease in urology; however, its precise pathogenesis is still unknown. Recent research has shown that renal inflammatory injury as a result of the cell-crystal reaction plays a crucial role in the development of calcium oxalate kidney stones. An increasing amount of research have confirmed that inflammation mediated by the cell-crystal reaction can lead to inflammatory injury of renal cells, promote the intracellular expression of NADPH oxidase, induce extensive production of reactive oxygen species, activate NLRP3 inflammasome, discharge a great number of inflammatory factors, trigger inflammatory cascading reactions, promote the aggregation, nucleation and growth process of calcium salt crystals, and ultimately lead to the development of intrarenal crystals and even stones. The renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs)-crystal reaction, macrophage-crystal reaction, calcifying nanoparticles, endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy activation, and other regulatory factors and mechanisms are involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Liu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Juening Kang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Ziqi He
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Quan Liu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jihua Wu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Derong Li
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhiwei Tao
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaofeng Guan
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Wusheng She
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Hua Xu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yaoliang Deng
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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