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Falahudin D, Herandarudewi SMC, Hukom FD, Arifin Z, Wulandari I, Sudaryanto A, Hoang AQ, Watanabe I, Takahashi S. The first full-congener analysis of 209 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the blubber of short-finned pilot whales (Globicephala macrorhynchus) stranded along the coast of Savu Island, Indonesia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 879:163008. [PMID: 36966839 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Short-finned pilot whales (SFPW) are a group of cetaceans found globally in tropical and temperate seas and are commonly stranded in the group, but the reason behind their stranding is still unknown. No detailed information on the contamination status and bioaccumulation of halogenated organic compounds, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), in the SFPW from Indonesian waters has been reported. Therefore, we analyzed all 209 PCB congeners in the blubber of 20 SFPW specimens stranded along the coast of Savu Island, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, in October 2012 to explain the status of contamination, congener profiles, potential risk of PCBs to cetaceans, and the determination of unintentionally produced PCBs (u-PCBs) in the blubber of SFPW. Concentrations of Σ209PCBs, Σ7in-PCBs, Σ12dl-PCBs, and Σ21u-PCBs were between 48 and 490 (mean:240 ± 140), 22-230 (110 ± 60), 2.6-38 (17 ± 10), and 1.0-13 (6.3 ± 3.7) ng g-1 lipid weight (lw), respectively. Congener-specific profiles of PCBs among sex and estimated age groups were observed; relatively high proportions of tri-to penta-CBs in juveniles and highly chlorinated recalcitrant congeners in structure-activity groups (SAGs) in sub-adult females were noted. The estimated toxic equivalency (TEQs) value for dl-PCBs ranged from 2.2 to 60 TEQWHO pg/g lw, with juveniles containing high TEQ values than sub-adults and adults. Although the TEQs and concentrations of PCBs in SFPW stranded along Indonesian coasts were lower than those reported for similar whale species from other North Pacific regions, further research is needed to assess the long-term impact of halogenated organic pollutants on their survival and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dede Falahudin
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan; Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment (CATE), Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan; Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency, Pasir Putih 1, Ancol Timur, Jakarta 14430, Indonesia
| | - Sekar M C Herandarudewi
- Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency, Pasir Putih 1, Ancol Timur, Jakarta 14430, Indonesia
| | - Frensly Demianus Hukom
- Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency, Pasir Putih 1, Ancol Timur, Jakarta 14430, Indonesia
| | - Zainal Arifin
- Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency, Pasir Putih 1, Ancol Timur, Jakarta 14430, Indonesia
| | - Ita Wulandari
- Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency, Pasir Putih 1, Ancol Timur, Jakarta 14430, Indonesia
| | - Agus Sudaryanto
- Research Center for Environmental and Clean Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Building 820 KST BJ. Habibie, Serpong 15314, Banten, Indonesia
| | - Anh Quoc Hoang
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi 11000, Viet Nam
| | - Isao Watanabe
- Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment (CATE), Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan
| | - Shin Takahashi
- Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment (CATE), Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan; Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan.
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Montone RC, Alonso MB, Santos MCO, Méndez-Fernandez P, Taniguchi S, Barbosa APM, Gonçalves RM, Padilha JDA, Bertozzi C, da Silva J, Marigo J, Pereira ADS, Lourenço RA. Temporal trends of persistent organic pollutant contamination in Franciscana dolphins from the Southwestern Atlantic. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114473. [PMID: 36195158 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) were analyzed in 136 blubber samples of Franciscana dolphins from Brazil (Pontoporia blainvillei), which is the most threatened dolphin in the Southwestern Atlantic. The dolphins were caught by the fishery fleet and collected from 2000 to 2018 in three regions of São Paulo state: northern São Paulo (SPN), central São Paulo (SPC), and southern São Paulo (SPS). The POPs analyzed in this study were polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDTs), Mirex, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), chlordane compounds (CHLs), hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (HCHs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). The concentrations ranged from 36 to 7200 ng g-1 lipid weight (lw) and 113-42200 ng g-1 lw for predominant compounds DDTs and PCBs, respectively. Similar profiles of PCB congeners were observed with a predominance of hexachlorinated compounds, representing approximately 50% of the total PCB amount; the highest PCB concentrations were observed from Baixada Santista (SPC) proximate to a highly urbanized and industrial coastal area. Significant differences were observed between the sexes and maturity of dolphins, mainly for PCBs, DDTs, and Mirex. In general, POPs other than HCB in Franciscana dolphins showed downward temporal trends, matching the regulatory periods for restricting and/or banning these compounds. Although POP concentrations are declining, PCB levels remain high in small dolphins, suggesting adverse health effects on Franciscanas. As organic contaminants are one of the numerous threats Franciscanas have been vulnerable to along the Brazilian coast, we recommend monitoring POPs levels every five years to check for declining (or stabilizing) trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalinda C Montone
- Instituto Oceanográfico - Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-120 Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Mariana B Alonso
- Instituto Oceanográfico - Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-120 Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcos César O Santos
- Instituto Oceanográfico - Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-120 Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paula Méndez-Fernandez
- Observatoire Pelagis, UMS 3462- La Rochelle Université - CNRS, 5 allées de l'océan, 17000, La Rochelle, France
| | - Satie Taniguchi
- Instituto Oceanográfico - Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-120 Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula M Barbosa
- Instituto Oceanográfico - Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-120 Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Renato M Gonçalves
- Instituto Oceanográfico - Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-120 Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Janeide de Assis Padilha
- Instituto Oceanográfico - Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-120 Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Centro de Biologia Molecular e Ambiental (CBMA), Departamento de Biologia, Universidade do Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Carolina Bertozzi
- Instituto de Biociências - Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, câmpus do Litoral Paulista, São Vicente, SP, Brazil
| | - Josilene da Silva
- Instituto Oceanográfico - Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-120 Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Marigo
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia - Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-270 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio Derley S Pereira
- Instituto Oceanográfico - Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-120 Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael A Lourenço
- Instituto Oceanográfico - Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-120 Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Capanni F, Muñoz-Arnanz J, Marsili L, Fossi MC, Jiménez B. Assessment of PCDD/Fs, dioxin-like PCBs and PBDEs in Mediterranean striped dolphins. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 156:111207. [PMID: 32510364 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bio-accumulation of high levels of persistent organic pollutants represent a serious conservation concern for Mediterranean marine odontocetes. In this study, blubber samples from 10 striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) stranded along the Italian coasts during 2015-2016 were analyzed. All specimens showed dl-PCBs > PBDEs ≫ PCDD/Fs. Median concentrations were 1820 ng/g l.w., 456 ng/g l.w. and 23.9 pg/g l.w., respectively. dl-PCBs accounted for 93.3% of total TEQs. PBDE concentrations suggest that the Mediterranean basin may be considered a hotspot for organobromine compounds. OCDD did not represent the greatest contributor to PCDD/Fs profile, most likely due to a change in dioxin environmental sources in the last two-three decades. Despite international regulations, the present study emphasized that POP exposure levels in Mediterranean striped dolphins have not declined significantly in recent years. Toxicological and risk assessment studies on this sentinel species may provide an early indication of potential adverse health effects on Mediterranean ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Capanni
- Dept. Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; Dept. Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, via P. A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Juan Muñoz-Arnanz
- Dept. Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Letizia Marsili
- Dept. Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, via P. A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - M Cristina Fossi
- Dept. Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, via P. A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Begoña Jiménez
- Dept. Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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Balmer B, Ylitalo G, Watwood S, Quigley B, Bolton J, Mullin K, Rosel P, Rowles T, Speakman T, Wilcox L, Zolman E, Schwacke L. Comparison of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) between small cetaceans in coastal and estuarine waters of the northern Gulf of Mexico. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 145:239-247. [PMID: 31590782 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Small cetaceans continue to be exposed to elevated levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). The goals of this study were to use data from remote biopsy sampling and photographic-identification to compare POP concentrations between small cetacean stocks in the northern Gulf of Mexico. During 2015-2017, 74 remote biopsies were collected in St. Andrew Bay and adjacent coastal waters from two species: common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) (N = 28, ♀; N = 42, ♂) and Atlantic spotted dolphin (Stenella frontalis) (N = 2, ♀; N = 2, ♂). Common bottlenose dolphin POP concentrations were significantly higher in St. Andrew Bay than coastal waters. Male St. Andrew Bay dolphins had the highest Σ DDT (dichlorodiphenyl-dichloroethane) levels measured in the southeastern U.S. (67 μg/g, 50-89 μg/g; geometric mean and 95% CI) and showed a significant negative relationship between Σ DDT and sighting distance from a St. Andrew Bay point source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Balmer
- National Marine Mammal Foundation, 3419 Maybank Highway Suite B, Johns Island, SC 29455, USA.
| | - Gina Ylitalo
- Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Boulevard East, Seattle, WA 98112, USA
| | - Stephanie Watwood
- Naval Undersea Warfare Center Division, Newport, Environmental Branch, 1176 Howell Street, Newport, RI 02841, USA
| | - Brian Quigley
- National Marine Mammal Foundation, 3419 Maybank Highway Suite B, Johns Island, SC 29455, USA
| | - Jennie Bolton
- Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Boulevard East, Seattle, WA 98112, USA
| | - Keith Mullin
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, 3209 Frederic Street, Pascagoula, MS 39567, USA
| | - Patricia Rosel
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, 646 Cajundome Boulevard, Lafayette, LA 70506, USA
| | - Teri Rowles
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Office of Protected Resources, 1315 East-West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Todd Speakman
- National Marine Mammal Foundation, 3419 Maybank Highway Suite B, Johns Island, SC 29455, USA
| | - Lynsey Wilcox
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, 646 Cajundome Boulevard, Lafayette, LA 70506, USA
| | - Eric Zolman
- National Marine Mammal Foundation, 3419 Maybank Highway Suite B, Johns Island, SC 29455, USA
| | - Lori Schwacke
- National Marine Mammal Foundation, 3419 Maybank Highway Suite B, Johns Island, SC 29455, USA
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Méndez-Fernandez P, Taniguchi S, Santos MCO, Cascão I, Quérouil S, Martín V, Tejedor M, Carrillo M, Rinaldi C, Rinaldi R, Montone RC. Contamination status by persistent organic pollutants of the Atlantic spotted dolphin (Stenella frontalis) at the metapopulation level. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 236:785-794. [PMID: 29459333 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The Atlantic spotted dolphin (Stenella frontalis) is an endemic species of the tropical-temperate Atlantic Ocean with widespread distribution. Although this species has been the subject of a large number of studies throughout its range, it remains in the "data deficient" category of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Chemical pollution by persistent organic pollutants (POPs) has been listed as one of the major threats to this species, however, there is no information on a wide scale. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the contamination status of spotted dolphins on the metapopulation level as well as determine spatial and temporal variations in POP concentrations and bio-accumulation. A total of 115 blubber samples collected from a large part of the Atlantic basin were analysed for PCBs, DDTs, PBDEs, chlordanes, HCB and mirex. Although PCBs and DDTs were the predominant compounds in all areas, inter-location differences in POP concentrations were observed. Dolphins found at São Paulo, southeastern coast of Brazil, had the highest PCB concentrations (median: 10.5 μg/g lw) and Canary Islands dolphins had the highest DDT concentrations (median: 5.13 μg/g lw). Differences in PCB patterns among locations were also observed. Dolphins from the Azores and São Paulo demonstrated a similar pattern, with relatively highly contributions of tetra- (6.8 and 5.2%, respectively) and penta-CBs (25.6 and 23.8%, respectively) and lower contributions of hepta-CBs (20.8 and 23.5%, respectively) in comparison to other areas. Moreover, the sex of the animals and the year in which sampling or capture occurred exerted an important influence on the majority of the POPs analysed. Comparisons with toxicity thresholds available in the literature reveal that the São Paulo and Canary Island dolphins are the most vulnerable populations and should be considered in future conservation and management programs for the Atlantic spotted dolphin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Méndez-Fernandez
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica Marinha, Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-120, Brazil.
| | - Satie Taniguchi
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica Marinha, Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-120, Brazil
| | - Marcos C O Santos
- Laboratório de Biologia da Conservação de Mamíferos Aquáticos, Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-120, Brazil
| | - Irma Cascão
- Department of Oceanography and Fisheries & Okeanos Centre, University of the Azores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal; Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE) & Institute of Marine Research (IMAR), University of the Azores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal
| | - Sophie Quérouil
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (ISE-M), IRD-UMR226, Université de Montpellier, CCO65, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Vidal Martín
- Sociedad para el Estudio de Cetáceos del Archipiélago Canario (SECAC), Casa de los Arroyo, Avda. Coll n.6, 35500 Arrecife, Lanzarote, Spain
| | - Marisa Tejedor
- Sociedad para el Estudio de Cetáceos del Archipiélago Canario (SECAC), Casa de los Arroyo, Avda. Coll n.6, 35500 Arrecife, Lanzarote, Spain
| | - Manuel Carrillo
- Tenerife Conservación, C/Maya No. 8, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Carolina Rinaldi
- Association Evasion Tropicale, 1 Rue des Palétuviers, Pigeon Bouillante, 97125, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Renato Rinaldi
- Association Evasion Tropicale, 1 Rue des Palétuviers, Pigeon Bouillante, 97125, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Rosalinda C Montone
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica Marinha, Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-120, Brazil
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Arregui M, Josa M, Aguilar A, Borrell A. Isotopic homogeneity throughout the skin in small cetaceans. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2017; 31:1551-1557. [PMID: 28700111 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Isotope ratios from skin samples have been widely used to study cetacean trophic ecology. Usually, isotopic skin uniformity has been assumed, despite the heterogeneity of this tissue. This study aims to investigate (1) regional isotopic variation within the skin in cetaceans, and (2) isotopic variation among internal tissues. METHODS Stable carbon (δ13 C values) and nitrogen (δ15 N values) isotope ratios were measured in 11 skin positions in 10 common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) and 9 striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba). In addition, the isotope ratios in the muscle, liver and kidney of both species were determined and compared with those from the skin and from all tissues combined. The signatures were determined by means of elemental analyser/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EA/IRMS). RESULTS In both species, no differences between isotope ratios of the skin positions were found. Moreover, the isotope ratios of skin were similar to those of muscle. In contrast, liver and kidney showed higher isotope ratios than muscle and skin. CONCLUSIONS Isotopic homogeneity within the skin suggests that the isotope ratios of a sample from a specific skin position can be considered representative of the ratios from the entire skin tissue in dolphins. This conclusion validates the results of previous stable isotope analyses in dolphins that used skin samples as representative of the whole skin tissue. Isotopic similarities or dissimilarities among tissues should be considered when analysing different tissues and comparing results from the same or different species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Arregui
- Institute of Biodiversity Research (IRBio) and Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Josa
- Institute of Biodiversity Research (IRBio) and Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alex Aguilar
- Institute of Biodiversity Research (IRBio) and Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Asunción Borrell
- Institute of Biodiversity Research (IRBio) and Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
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Pinela AM, Borrell A, Aguilar A. Variation in δ15 N and δ13 C stable isotope values in common dolphins (Delphinus spp.) worldwide, with particular emphasis on the eastern North Atlantic populations. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2015; 29:855-863. [PMID: 26377013 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Distinguishing population units of small cetaceans continuously distributed in a widespread area is challenging but critical for their conservation and management. The use of chemical markers allows the investigation of foraging ecology and inter-specific variability, in order to detect population structure and niche segregation in the common dolphin (Delphinus spp.). METHODS The stable isotope ratios of carbon (δ(13)C values) and nitrogen (δ(15)N values) were measured in the bone tissue of common dolphins accidentally by-caught or stranded along the north-eastern and eastern Subtropical Atlantic Ocean, by means of continuous flow elemental analyser/isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Trophic positions were determined and compared, taking into account the local ecosystem trophic baseline for each study area. Data obtained for the study areas were qualitatively compared with those for common dolphin species/populations distributed worldwide. RESULTS The δ(13)C and δ(15)N values were higher in the eastern Subtropical Atlantic as a consequence of the coexistence in the area of the common dolphin short- and long-beaked morphotypes. Individuals from the north-eastern Atlantic displayed lower δ(15)N values, reflecting dissimilarities in diet and variation in local isotopic baselines. Comparisons with other areas around the world suggest that the species is extremely adaptive and feeds at different trophic levels to adapt to local variations. CONCLUSIONS Stable isotopes are a useful tool to investigate population structure and trophic niche segregation. The trophic behaviour of worldwide populations of common dolphins was fruitfully analysed and revealed substantial differences, probably reflective of both adaptive strategies of the genus and dissimilarities in the structure of the ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Pinela
- Department of Animal Biology and Biodiversity Research Institute (IrBio), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Borrell
- Department of Animal Biology and Biodiversity Research Institute (IrBio), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Aguilar
- Department of Animal Biology and Biodiversity Research Institute (IrBio), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Gallo-Reynoso JP, Malek TB, García-Hernández J, Vázquez-Moreno L, Segura-García I. Concentrations of DDE in blubber biopsies of free-ranging long-beaked common dolphin (Delphinus capensis) in the Gulf of California. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2015; 94:6-11. [PMID: 25376965 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-014-1414-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Long-beaked common dolphins (Delphinus capensis) in the Gulf of California have been exposed to persistent contaminants that originated in large agricultural areas near the coast. Live common dolphins were sampled by remote dart biopsies to determine concentrations of tDDT in blubber. Life stage and initial gender identification was determined by field observations. Gender was confirmed by genetic analysis of the skin. Concentration of tDDT in blubber was analyzed by gas chromatography. The 16 samples collected consisted of: 2 adult males, 6 adult females, and 8 juveniles. 4,4'-DDE was detected in most of the samples with 4,4'-DDD and 4,4'-DDT under detection levels. Concentrations of DDE varied from non-detectable to 87.3 µg/g lipid weight with a median of 16 µg/g lipid weight. The highest concentration was detected in an immature female. No differences were detected between gender or life stage but this could be attributed to small sample size. We recommend continued sampling of D. capensis blubber biopsies from the Gulf of California in order to relate these levels with affected in vitro biomarkers such as mixed function oxidase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Gallo-Reynoso
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A. C., Carretera a Varadero Nacional, Km. 6.6, Colonia Las Playitas, C.P. 85480, Guaymas, Sonora, Mexico,
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Romanić SH, Holcer D, Lazar B, Klinčić D, Mackelworth P, Fortuna CM. Organochlorine contaminants in tissues of common bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus from the northeastern part of the Adriatic Sea. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 38:469-479. [PMID: 25151654 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Levels of 24 organochlorine compounds, including toxic mono-ortho PCB congeners, were determined in the organs and tissues (blubber, kidney, lung, muscle, liver, heart) of 13 common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) stranded between 2000 and 2005 in the northern part of the Croatian territorial waters of the Adriatic Sea. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were found at higher concentrations in comparison with organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in all of the analyzed tissues. Sums of six indicator congeners (Σ6PCB) constituted around 50% of the total PCB amount, while PCB-153 and PCB-138 were found to have the highest concentrations. Among the seven investigated OCPs, p,p'-DDE was found at the highest concentrations. In blubber, mean values of 22,048 and 11,310ngg(-1) wet weight were determined for ΣPCB and ΣDDT, respectively. Much lower concentrations were found in muscle samples, followed by similar concentrations in kidneys, liver and heart, while the lowest levels of organochlorine contaminants were found in lungs. The results indicate that p,p'-DDT is still being introduced in the Mediterranean region. PCB concentrations are among the highest found in this region and toxicological assessments indicate that the health of this specie is at high risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Herceg Romanić
- Biochemistry and Organic Analytical Chemistry Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, HR-10001 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - D Holcer
- Department of Zoology, Croatian Natural History Museum, Demetrova 1, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; Blue World Institute of Marine Research and Conservation, Kaštel 24, HR-51551 Veli Lošinj, Croatia
| | - B Lazar
- Department of Biodiversity, Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Glagoljaska 8, SI-6000 Koper, Slovenia; Institute for Biodiversity Studies, Science and Research Center, University of Primorska, Garibaldijeva 1, SI-6000 Koper, Slovenia; Marine Sciences Program, University of Pula, Zagrebačka 30, HR-52100 Pula, Croatia
| | - D Klinčić
- Biochemistry and Organic Analytical Chemistry Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, HR-10001 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - P Mackelworth
- Blue World Institute of Marine Research and Conservation, Kaštel 24, HR-51551 Veli Lošinj, Croatia
| | - C M Fortuna
- Blue World Institute of Marine Research and Conservation, Kaštel 24, HR-51551 Veli Lošinj, Croatia; Italian National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, via di Casalotti 300, 00166 Roma, Italy
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10
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Méndez-Fernandez P, Webster L, Chouvelon T, Bustamante P, Ferreira M, González AF, López A, Moffat CF, Pierce GJ, Read FL, Russell M, Santos MB, Spitz J, Vingada JV, Caurant F. An assessment of contaminant concentrations in toothed whale species of the NW Iberian Peninsula: part I. Persistent organic pollutants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 484:196-205. [PMID: 24726511 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations and patterns of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in the blubber of the five most common toothed whales off the Northwest Iberian Peninsula (NWIP), specifically common dolphin, long-finned pilot whale, harbour porpoise, striped dolphin and bottlenose dolphin, were investigated. The study revealed that differences in PCB and PBDE concentrations among the species are highly dependent on age and sex but also on ecological factors such as trophic level, prey type and habitat. Of the five species studied, bottlenose dolphin and harbour porpoise showed the greatest concentrations of PCBs. Both species exceed the toxic threshold of 17μgg(-1) lipid weight (PCB Aroclor equivalent) for health effects on marine mammals, for 100% and 75% of the individuals tested, respectively. Overall, the PCB and PBDE levels observed in the NWIP toothed whales were of the same order of magnitude or lower than those reported by previous studies in areas of the NE Atlantic. However, they are often higher than those for toothed whales from the southern Atlantic and Pacific Ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Méndez-Fernandez
- Littoral Environment et Sociétes (LIENSs), UMRi 7266 CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, 2 Rue Olympe de Gouges, 17042 La Rochelle Cedex 01, France; Coordinadora para o Estudo dos Mamiferos Mariños (CEMMA), Apdo. 15, Pontevedra 36380, Spain; Centro de Biologia Molecuar e Ambiental (CBMA)/Sociedade Portuguesa de Vida Selvagem (SPVS), Dep. de Biologia, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal.
| | - Lynda Webster
- Marine Scotland, Marine Laboratory, Victoria Road, Aberdeen AB11 9DB, United Kingdom
| | - Tiphaine Chouvelon
- Littoral Environment et Sociétes (LIENSs), UMRi 7266 CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, 2 Rue Olympe de Gouges, 17042 La Rochelle Cedex 01, France
| | - Paco Bustamante
- Littoral Environment et Sociétes (LIENSs), UMRi 7266 CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, 2 Rue Olympe de Gouges, 17042 La Rochelle Cedex 01, France
| | - Marisa Ferreira
- Centro de Biologia Molecuar e Ambiental (CBMA)/Sociedade Portuguesa de Vida Selvagem (SPVS), Dep. de Biologia, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Angel F González
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (C.S.I.C), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain
| | - Alfredo López
- Coordinadora para o Estudo dos Mamiferos Mariños (CEMMA), Apdo. 15, Pontevedra 36380, Spain
| | - Colin F Moffat
- Marine Scotland, Marine Laboratory, Victoria Road, Aberdeen AB11 9DB, United Kingdom
| | - Graham J Pierce
- Oceanlab, University of Aberdeen Main Street, Newburgh, Aberdeenshire AB41 6AA, United Kingdom; Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Fiona L Read
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (C.S.I.C), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain
| | - Marie Russell
- Marine Scotland, Marine Laboratory, Victoria Road, Aberdeen AB11 9DB, United Kingdom
| | - Maria B Santos
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, P.O. Box 1552, Vigo 36200, Spain
| | - Jérôme Spitz
- Marine Mammal Research Unit, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - José V Vingada
- Centro de Biologia Molecuar e Ambiental (CBMA)/Sociedade Portuguesa de Vida Selvagem (SPVS), Dep. de Biologia, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal; Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Florence Caurant
- Littoral Environment et Sociétes (LIENSs), UMRi 7266 CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, 2 Rue Olympe de Gouges, 17042 La Rochelle Cedex 01, France
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11
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Storelli MM, Barone G, Giacominelli-Stuffler R, Marcotrigiano GO. Contamination by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) from the Southeastern Mediterranean Sea. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2012; 184:5797-805. [PMID: 21960363 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-011-2382-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Accepted: 09/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) including dioxin-like PCBs (non-ortho, PCB 77, PCB 126, and PCB 169 and mono-ortho, PCB 105, PCB 118, and PCB 156) were measured in different organs and tissues (melon, blubber, liver, kidney, lung, heart, and muscle tissue) of striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) from the Eastern Mediterranean Sea (Adriatic Sea). The mean highest levels were in blubber and melon, followed by liver, kidney, lung, heart, and muscle tissue. PCB profiles were similar in all tissues and organs being dominated by the higher chlorinated homologues (hexa-CBs, 55.8-62.1%; penta-CBs, 15.4-20.0%; and hepta-CB PCB 180, 12.7-16.5%). Major PCBs in all tissues were congeners 138 and 153 collectively accounting for 50.6-58.3% of the total PCB concentrations, followed by PCB 101, 105, 118, and 180 constituting from 27.0% to 31.0%. PCB levels were higher in adult males than in adult females. The estimated 2,3,7,8-TCDD toxic equivalents of non- and mono-ortho PCBs were much higher than the threshold level above which adverse effects have been observed in other marine mammals species, suggesting that striped dolphins in this region are at risk for toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Maddalena Storelli
- Pharmacological-Biological Department, Chemistry and Biochemistry Section, Medicine Veterinary Faculty, University of Bari, Strada Prov.le per Casamassima, km 3, 70010 Valenzano, BA, Italy.
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12
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Lailson-Brito J, Dorneles PR, Azevedo-Silva CE, Azevedo ADF, Vidal LG, Marigo J, Bertozzi C, Zanelatto RC, Bisi TL, Malm O, Torres JPM. Organochlorine concentrations in franciscana dolphins, Pontoporia blainvillei, from Brazilian waters. CHEMOSPHERE 2011; 84:882-887. [PMID: 21726890 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Revised: 03/26/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Blubber samples were collected from ten franciscana dolphins either incidentally captured in fishing operations or stranded on São Paulo (SP) and Paraná (PR) states littoral, Southeastern and Southern Brazilian coast, respectively. Determination of PCB, DDT and HCB concentrations were performed by capillary gas chromatograph coupled to electron capture detector (ECD). ΣDDT, ΣPCB and HCB concentrations ranged from 264 ng g(-1) to 5811 ng g(-1) lipid, from 909 ng g(-1) to 5849 ng g(-1) lipid and from 10 ng g(-1) to 61 ng g(-1) lipid, respectively. Regarding DDTs, the distribution of the mean percentages decreased in the following order: p,p'-DDE>p,p'-DDD>p,p'-DDT. The ΣDDT/ΣPCB ratio varied between 0.27 and 0.42 in Northern and Central SP coast, while in Southern SP and PR coast the values were 1.6 and 1.9, respectively. Dissimilarities in ΣDDT/ΣPCB ratios point to different sources of organochlorine compounds to franciscana dolphins in the study area. Considering the endocrine disruptive action of organochlorine compounds, the concentrations found in franciscana dolphins from Brazilian waters may represent an additional obstacle to the conservation of this endangered cetacean species.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Lailson-Brito
- Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos e Bioindicadores Profa. Izabel Gurgel (MAQUA), Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524 sala 4002, 20550-013, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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13
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Endo T, Hisamichi Y, Kimura O, Haraguchi K, Lavery S, Dalebout ML, Funahashi N, Baker CS. Stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen and mercury concentrations in 13 toothed whale species taken from the western Pacific Ocean off Japan. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2010; 44:2675-2681. [PMID: 20218671 DOI: 10.1021/es903534r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Stable isotope ratios of carbon (partial differential(13)C) and nitrogen (partial differential(15)N) and total mercury (T-Hg) concentrations were measured in red meat samples from 11 odontocete species (toothed whales, dolphins, and porpoises) sold in Japan (n = 96) and in muscle samples from stranded killer whales (n = 6) and melon-headed whales (n = 15), and the analytical data for these species were classified into three regions (northern, central, and southern Japan) depending on the locations in which they were caught or stranded. The partial differential(15)N in the samples from southern Japan tended to be lower than that in samples from the north, whereas both partial differential(13)C and T-Hg concentrations in samples from the south tended to higher than those in samples from northern Japan. Negative correlations were found between the partial differential(13)C and partial differential(15)N values and between the partial differential(15)N value and T-Hg concentrations in the combined samples all three regions (gamma= -0.238, n = 117, P < 0.01). The partial differential(13)C, partial differential(15)N, and T-Hg concentrations in the samples varied more by habitat than by species. Spatial variations in partial differential(13)C, partial differential(15)N, and T-Hg concentrations in the ocean may be the cause of these phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Endo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, Japan.
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14
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Shoham-Frider E, Kress N, Wynne D, Scheinin A, Roditi-Elsar M, Kerem D. Persistent organochlorine pollutants and heavy metals in tissues of common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) from the Levantine Basin of the Eastern Mediterranean. CHEMOSPHERE 2009; 77:621-627. [PMID: 19772982 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2009] [Revised: 08/12/2009] [Accepted: 08/27/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
DDT's, PCBs and heavy metals (HM) were measured in tissues of common bottlenose dolphins, collected along the Israeli Mediterranean coast during 2004-2006. SigmaDDT and PCBs concentrations were highest in the blubber, with a wide concentration range of 0.92-142 and 0.05-7.9 mg kg(-1) wet weight, respectively. Blubber PCBs values were an order of magnitude lower than in tissues of this and other delphinid species in the Western Mediterranea. We found relatively high DDE/SigmaDDT percentage (85-96%); a common indicator of DDT degradation, which fitted the general trend of increase in the last 20 years in the Mediterranean Sea, indicating the progressive degradation of the remnant DDT and the absence of new inputs. Concentrations of HM ranged as follows: 0.01-123 mg kg(-1) wet weight for Hg, <0.04-1.3 for Cd, 1-30 for Cu, 0.3-4 for Mn, 19-517 for Fe, 4.3-68 for Zn and 2.4-48 for Ni. These concentrations were similar to those found in specimens collected during previous years in the region, suggesting stability over time in the HM levels of the basin's food-web.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efrat Shoham-Frider
- Israel Oceanography and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Tel-Shikmona, P.O. Box 8030, Haifa 31080, Israel.
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15
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Chapter 7 Persistent Organic Pollutants in Hong Kong. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1474-8177(07)07007-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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16
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Borrell A, Aguilar A, Tornero V, Sequeira M, Fernandez G, Alis S. Organochlorine compounds and stable isotopes indicate bottlenose dolphin subpopulation structure around the Iberian Peninsula. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2006; 32:516-23. [PMID: 16445982 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2005.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2005] [Revised: 12/02/2005] [Accepted: 12/07/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Isotopic signatures and organochlorine pollutant loads of organisms reflect the characteristics of the waters in which they live and feed. To investigate population structure of bottlenose dolphins around the Iberian Peninsula we determined delta(13)C and delta(15)N in the skin and organochlorine (OC) levels in the blubber of stranded bottlenose dolphins inhabiting the Mediterranean (Catalonia, Valencia and Balearic Islands) and adjacent Atlantic waters (Huelva and Portugal). OC levels were high in all regions, reflecting the predatory habits of the species, its coastal distribution and the existence of intense agricultural and industrial activity throughout the region. PCB congeners showed a gradient from the relatively more chlorinated forms to those that are less so, and followed a northeast to northwest direction across the Iberian Peninsula. This suggests that PCB inputs are more recent in the temperate latitudes of the eastern Atlantic Ocean than in the western Mediterranean Sea. Comparatively, OC ratios and isotopic signatures proved to be more efficient ways of discriminating groups than did raw OC concentrations. Significant differences in delta(13)C and in PCB congener profiles indicate that dolphins from the Atlantic and the Mediterranean do not intermingle. In addition, the two Atlantic groups differed in delta(15)N signature, tDDT concentration, DDT/PCB ratio and the PCB congener profile, which also suggests some degree of isolation between them. In the Mediterranean, dolphins from Catalonia and Valencia were indistinguishable, suggesting a common distribution area. However, dolphins from the Balearic Islands differed from those of the Peninsula in their DDT/PCB ratio and from all the other sample groups in their PCB congener profiles, which supports the hypothesis that the deep waters between the Islands and the Peninsula represent an effective barrier for the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Borrell
- GRUMM, Dept. of Animal Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08071, Spain.
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