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Zafar S, Shaikh BT, Malik ZI, Ahmad AMR. Determinants of school-going adolescent girls' health and nutritional status in district Malir, Karachi: a baseline cross-sectional study. Front Nutr 2025; 11:1510183. [PMID: 39839292 PMCID: PMC11747709 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1510183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2024] [Accepted: 12/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2025] Open
Abstract
Introduction Adolescence is a phase of life marked by rapid growth. Adequate nutrition is essential during this developmental stage, leading to significant physical performance, improved cognitive ability, and productivity. Improving adolescent girls' nutrition is crucial for breaking the intergenerational cycle of malnutrition, but research in Pakistan has largely focused on children under five and pregnant women, often neglecting this vulnerable group. Objective This study aimed to determine the contextual and sociodemographic factors contributing toward undernutrition to improve the health and nutritional status of adolescent girls. Methods A school based cross sectional study was conducted as the baseline survey for a mixed methods study leading to a pilot cluster randomized controlled trial. n = 84 girls (10-14 years) from two public schools were selected by simple random sampling. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire including socio demographic profile, anthropometric measurements, dietary patterns, preferences, safe water and hygiene practices, access to health care facilities, and understanding of malnutrition-related symptoms. The data collected were analyzed through SPSS version 27.0. The chi-square test was used to determine the association between the two BMI categories; underweight and normal weight, and various socio-demographic variables. Results Among the total of 84 adolescent girls, overall mean height was 143.9 ± 8.1 cm and mean weight was 34.4 ± 6.9 kg, while mean BMI was 16.4 ± 2.2 kg/m2. 86.9% of girls were underweight, whereas 13.1% had a normal BMI. The z-scores for both height-for-age and BMI-for-age were in negative values, i.e., -1.62 ± 0.89 and -1.18 ± 1.05, respectively. Conclusion Findings of this study demonstrated that the high burden of underweight among school-going adolescent girls needs targeted approaches like nutrition education interventions to enhance awareness about healthy dietary behaviors, food preferences, and ensuring access to safe, sufficient, and healthy diet. Recommendation A multipronged approach is required to improve health and nutritional status of adolescent girls by involving individuals, families, education sector, health and other relevant sectors. Larger scale studies are still required for better understanding of the issue and to guide in designing targeted programs to address specific needs of this particular age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saira Zafar
- Department of Public Health, Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Zoha Imtiaz Malik
- Department of Public Health, Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Momin Rizwan Ahmad
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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Chen M, Zhang X, Jiang J, Yang T, Chen L, Liu J, Song X, Zhang Y, Wang R, Qin Y, Dong Z, Yuan W, Guo T, Song Z, Ma J, Dong Y, Song Y, Qin Y. The Modifying Effects of Lifestyle Behaviors on the Association Between Drinking Water Micronutrients and BMI Status Among Children and Adolescents Aged 7~17: A Population-Based Regional Surveillance in 2022. Nutrients 2024; 16:3931. [PMID: 39599717 PMCID: PMC11597896 DOI: 10.3390/nu16223931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2024] [Revised: 11/08/2024] [Accepted: 11/10/2024] [Indexed: 11/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to investigate the potential modifying effects of lifestyle behavior on the association between drinking water micronutrients and body mass index (BMI) in a large population of children and adolescents. METHODS Data of the present analysis came from a comprehensive regional large-scale surveillance study in 2022, involving 172,880 children and adolescents (50.71% boys vs. 49.29% girls) aged seven to seventeen. A restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis was utilized to examine the exposure-response association of regular drinking water indices (including fluoride, nitrate nitrogen, pH, chloride, sulfates, and total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness (TH), and chemical oxygen demand (COD)) with BMI. Generalized linear model and logistic regression were conducted to relate BMI and quartiles of drinking water micronutrients. RESULTS Our findings reveal a nonlinear association between nitrate nitrogen (P for nonlinear < 0.001) and pH (P for nonlinear < 0.001) with BMI. High TH and COD levels significantly increase BMI. Notably, fluoride and chloride were associated with BMI Z-scores but not with overweight and obesity (OB). The BMI Z-score showed a more pronounced association with low and high pH levels in girls. For urban participants, increased TH levels were associated with a higher risk of OB. This study also found that adopting healthy lifestyles could mitigate the negative effects of fluoride, chloride, and sulfate on BMI Z-scores. CONCLUSIONS This large surveillance study provides new insights into the complex interplay between drinking water micronutrients and BMI in children and adolescents. The association of various drinking water parameters on BMI varies, necessitating ongoing focus on their effects, particularly among girls and urban individuals. Healthy lifestyle behavior could mitigate the effects of fluoride, chloride, and sulfate on BMI Z-score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Chen
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China;
| | - Xiuhong Zhang
- Public Health Institute of Inner Mongolia Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot 010031, China; (X.Z.); (T.Y.)
| | - Jianuo Jiang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (J.J.); (L.C.); (J.L.); (X.S.); (Y.Z.); (R.W.); (Y.Q.); (Z.D.); (W.Y.); (T.G.); (Z.S.); (J.M.); (Y.S.)
| | - Tian Yang
- Public Health Institute of Inner Mongolia Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot 010031, China; (X.Z.); (T.Y.)
| | - Li Chen
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (J.J.); (L.C.); (J.L.); (X.S.); (Y.Z.); (R.W.); (Y.Q.); (Z.D.); (W.Y.); (T.G.); (Z.S.); (J.M.); (Y.S.)
| | - Jieyu Liu
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (J.J.); (L.C.); (J.L.); (X.S.); (Y.Z.); (R.W.); (Y.Q.); (Z.D.); (W.Y.); (T.G.); (Z.S.); (J.M.); (Y.S.)
| | - Xinli Song
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (J.J.); (L.C.); (J.L.); (X.S.); (Y.Z.); (R.W.); (Y.Q.); (Z.D.); (W.Y.); (T.G.); (Z.S.); (J.M.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yi Zhang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (J.J.); (L.C.); (J.L.); (X.S.); (Y.Z.); (R.W.); (Y.Q.); (Z.D.); (W.Y.); (T.G.); (Z.S.); (J.M.); (Y.S.)
| | - Ruolin Wang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (J.J.); (L.C.); (J.L.); (X.S.); (Y.Z.); (R.W.); (Y.Q.); (Z.D.); (W.Y.); (T.G.); (Z.S.); (J.M.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yang Qin
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (J.J.); (L.C.); (J.L.); (X.S.); (Y.Z.); (R.W.); (Y.Q.); (Z.D.); (W.Y.); (T.G.); (Z.S.); (J.M.); (Y.S.)
| | - Ziqi Dong
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (J.J.); (L.C.); (J.L.); (X.S.); (Y.Z.); (R.W.); (Y.Q.); (Z.D.); (W.Y.); (T.G.); (Z.S.); (J.M.); (Y.S.)
| | - Wen Yuan
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (J.J.); (L.C.); (J.L.); (X.S.); (Y.Z.); (R.W.); (Y.Q.); (Z.D.); (W.Y.); (T.G.); (Z.S.); (J.M.); (Y.S.)
| | - Tongjun Guo
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (J.J.); (L.C.); (J.L.); (X.S.); (Y.Z.); (R.W.); (Y.Q.); (Z.D.); (W.Y.); (T.G.); (Z.S.); (J.M.); (Y.S.)
| | - Zhiying Song
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (J.J.); (L.C.); (J.L.); (X.S.); (Y.Z.); (R.W.); (Y.Q.); (Z.D.); (W.Y.); (T.G.); (Z.S.); (J.M.); (Y.S.)
| | - Jun Ma
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (J.J.); (L.C.); (J.L.); (X.S.); (Y.Z.); (R.W.); (Y.Q.); (Z.D.); (W.Y.); (T.G.); (Z.S.); (J.M.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yanhui Dong
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (J.J.); (L.C.); (J.L.); (X.S.); (Y.Z.); (R.W.); (Y.Q.); (Z.D.); (W.Y.); (T.G.); (Z.S.); (J.M.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yi Song
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (J.J.); (L.C.); (J.L.); (X.S.); (Y.Z.); (R.W.); (Y.Q.); (Z.D.); (W.Y.); (T.G.); (Z.S.); (J.M.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yuhan Qin
- Public Health Institute of Inner Mongolia Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot 010031, China; (X.Z.); (T.Y.)
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Rezak S, Bergane C, Bahmani A. The effect of organic pollution on the seasonal dynamics of water quality in a semi-arid zone: case of the Hammam Boughrara Dam, Tlemcen (Algeria). ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:133. [PMID: 38200356 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12308-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The present study aims to assess the impact of human activities on the water quality of the Hammam Boughrara dam. It also highlights the crucial importance of sustainable management of water resources in the face of persistent challenges related to various forms of pollution. The study is based on an exhaustive database covering a period spread over 16 years, with monthly measurements of organic pollution indicator parameters, namely BOD5, COD, [Formula: see text],[Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], Organic Matter (OM), TDS, Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and pH. The box plots showed an asymmetric distribution of almost all the parameters, with significant seasonal variations in the interquartile (IQR) range. The IQR ranges for [Formula: see text] extends from 0.575 mg/l (summer) to 4.445 mg/l (spring), and for [Formula: see text] from 1.3075 mg/l (autumn) to 1.8625 mg/l (spring). This led to the use of the Spearman method for the analysis of correlations between different parameters. The seasonal study of the five categories of water quality, according to the Organic Pollution Index (OPI), revealed considerable organic pollution. At the 1% significance level, the seasonal correlation between OPI and [Formula: see text] varies between -0.71 and -0.85, while that with [Formula: see text] fluctuates between -0.69 and -0.86. During the period analyzed, the COD/BOD Ratio (CBR) reveals two dominant categories with seasonal variations, i.e. the Moderately Biodegradable Effluents (MBE), with 96 cases, reaching 29 in autumn and 20 in spring. The Difficult to Biodegrade or Non-Biodegradable Effluents (DBE or NBE) category records 94 cases, with a maximum frequency of 26 in winter and minimum of 21 in autumn. These results therefore show the persistence of organic pollution, which had an impact on water quality over the four seasons and throughout the period studied. The results indicate persistent organic pollution affecting water quality. Therefore, prompt actions and sustainable strategies are deemed necessary to mitigate these harmful impacts and to ensure the sustainability of the water resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salima Rezak
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux Inorganiques et Applications (LCMIA), Faculté de Chimie, Université Des Sciences Et de La Technologie d'Oran (USTO-MB), B.P. 1505, Oran-EL-M'naouer, 31000, Algérie.
| | - Cheikh Bergane
- Laboratoire de Rhéologie, Transport Et Traitement Des Fluides Complexes (LRTTFC), Faculté d'Architecture Et de Génie Civil, Département d'Hydraulique, Université Des Sciences Et de La Technologie d'Oran (USTO-MB), B.P. 1505, Oran-EL-M'naouer, 31000, Algérie
| | - Abdellah Bahmani
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux Inorganiques et Applications (LCMIA), Faculté de Chimie, Université Des Sciences Et de La Technologie d'Oran (USTO-MB), B.P. 1505, Oran-EL-M'naouer, 31000, Algérie
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Ullah Z, Zeng XC, Rashid A, Ghani J, Ali A, Shah M, Zainab R, Almutairi MH, Sayed AA, Aleya L. Integrated approach to hydrogeochemical appraisal of groundwater quality concerning arsenic contamination and its suitability analysis for drinking purposes using water quality index. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20455. [PMID: 37993472 PMCID: PMC10665467 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40105-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Arsenic (As), contamination in drinking groundwater resources is commonly environmental problem in many developing countries including Pakistan, with significant human health risk reports. In order to examine the groundwater quality concerning As contamination, its geochemical behavior along with physicochemical parameters, 42 samples were collected from community tube wells from District Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. The results showed the concentration of elevated As, its source of mobilization, and associated public health risk. The As concentration detected in groundwater samples varied from 0.12 to 104 µg/L with an average value of 34.7 µg/L. Among 42 groundwater samples, 27 samples were beyond the permitted limit of 10 µg/L recommended by World Health Organization (WHO), for drinking purposes. Statistical analysis result show that the groundwater cations values are in decreasing order such as: Na+ > Mg2+ > Ca2+ > K+, while anions were HCO3- > SO42- > Cl- > NO3-. Hydrochemical facies result depict that the groundwater samples of the study area, 14 samples belong to CaHCO3 type, 5 samples belong to NaCl type, 20 samples belong to Mixed CaMgCl type, and 3 samples belong to CaCl2 type. It can be accredited due to weathering and recharge mechanism, evaporation processes, and reverse ion exchange. Gibbs diagram shows that rock water interaction controls the hydrochemistry of groundwater resources of the study area. Saturation Index (SI) result indicated the saturation of calcite, dolomite, gypsum, geothite, and hematite mineral due their positive SI values. The principal component analysis (PCA) results possess a total variability of 80.69% signifying the anthropogenic and geogenic source of contamination. The results of the exposure-health-risk-assessment method for measuring As reveal significant potential non-carcinogenic risk (HQ), exceeding the threshold level of (> 1) for children in the study area. Water quality assessment results shows that 24 samples were not suitable for drinking purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahid Ullah
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xian-Chun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Abdur Rashid
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Junaid Ghani
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Asmat Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Muddaser Shah
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, P.O. Box 33, 616, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Rimsha Zainab
- Department of Botany, Women University Swabi, Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Mikhlid H Almutairi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amany A Sayed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environnement Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne, Franche-Comté University, CEDEX, 25030, Besancon, France
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Laishram RJ, Singh TB, Alam W. A comprehensive health risk assessment associated with bioaccumulation of heavy metals and nutrients in selected macrophytes of Loktak Lake, Manipur, India. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:105329-105352. [PMID: 37713085 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29606-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The Loktak Lake, a Ramsar site in Northeast India, is known for its rich biodiversity that includes a variety of macrophyte species, most of which have not been studied for their phytoremediation capacities and potential toxicity via consumption of the edible species. Therefore, a comprehensive assessment was conducted to evaluate the accumulation of selected heavy metals and nutrients in 10 dominant macrophyte species growing in Loktak Lake and to assess the potential health risks associated with consumption of the edible plants. The concentrations of nutrients such as total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and heavy metals such as copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe) were found to be in the order of plant > sediment > water. The bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) revealed high efficiency of most plants to accumulate heavy metals and nutrients in their tissues from the lake water and sediments, indicating their potential to be used as phytoremediators. Translocation factors (TFs) were also estimated to determine the efficiency of the plants to translocate elements from root to shoot. Colocasia esculenta and Polygonum perfoliatum exhibited the highest BAF values, whereas Colocasia esculenta, Hedychium flavum, Phragmites karka, and Oenanthe javanica exhibited the highest TF values for most elements. Target hazard quotients (THQs) revealed potential health risks associated with one or more heavy metals in the plants, except for Zn, whose THQ values were below the level of concern in all the edible plant species. The hazard index (HI) signifying potential non-carcinogenic health risk from the combined effects of all the heavy metals was highest for Polygonum perfoliatum, indicating a potentially higher risk to health if this edible macrophyte is regularly consumed in higher quantities and may pose long-term health effects to the exposed population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranu Jajo Laishram
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Science, Manipur University (A Central University), Canchipur, Indo-Myanmar Road, Imphal, 795003, Manipur, India
| | - Tensubam Basanta Singh
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region (ICAR RC NEH), Manipur Centre, Lamphelpat, Imphal, 795004, Manipur, India
| | - Wazir Alam
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Science, Manipur University (A Central University), Canchipur, Indo-Myanmar Road, Imphal, 795003, Manipur, India.
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Jehan S, Khattak SA, Khan S, Ali L, Hussain ML. Hydrochemical evaluation of groundwater for drinking and irrigation purposes using multivariate indices along Indus Suture Zone, North Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:2511-2531. [PMID: 36006578 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01364-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The present study is aimed to investigate the hydrochemical characteristics, spatial distribution and suitability of groundwater for drinking and irrigation purposes along the Indus Suture Zone (ISZ), north Pakistan. Physicochemical parameters and hazardous trace elements (HTEs) like Cd, Co, Cu and Mn were determined following standard methods. The mean and median concentrations were found below the World Health Organization (WHO) drinking water guidelines values. Hydrochemical results indicate that groundwater sources were mainly attributed to rock-water interaction category. Piper diagram shows that most of the groundwater samples fall in Ca-HCO3─ class presenting weak-alkaline proportion type. The drinking water quality index (DWQI) ranking was categorized as good to excellent, indicating the overall quality of the groundwater may pose no health hazard concern. Based on irrigation WQI (SAR, Na%, MAR, KR), the groundwater was found fit for irrigation except SAR whereas 36% of the groundwater samples fall within the poor class. The total HI values through dermal contact exceeded the safe non-carcinogenic threshold of HI = 1. Therefore, there is required an effective groundwater monitoring and management facility in the study area to safeguard residents from various illnesses associated with varying HTEs concentrations in drinking water. The major response actions needed for groundwater bodies restoration are including the installation of a continuous groundwater monitoring network and control of agricultural fertilizers that seems to be the most effective and tangible for immediate action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shah Jehan
- National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25130, Pakistan.
- Department of Earth Sciences, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Seema Anjum Khattak
- National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25130, Pakistan.
| | - Sardar Khan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Liaqat Ali
- National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25130, Pakistan
| | - Mian Luqman Hussain
- National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25130, Pakistan
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Ruiz-Lara K, García-Medina S, Galar-Martínez M, Parra-Ortega I, Morales-Balcázar I, Hernández-Rosas NA, Moreno-Vázquez SE, Hernández-Díaz M, Cano-Viveros S, Olvera-Roldán EO, Gómez-Oliván LM, Gasca-Pérez E, García-Medina AL. The evaluation of liver dysfunction and oxidative stress due to urban environmental pollution in Mexican population related to Madin Dam, State of Mexico: a pilot study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:6950-6964. [PMID: 36018407 PMCID: PMC9411834 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22724-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
One of the most important causes of disease and premature death in the world is environmental pollution. The presence of pollutants in both water and air contributes to the deterioration of the health of human populations. The Mexico City Metropolitan Area is one of the most populous and affected by air pollution worldwide; in addition, in recent years there has been a growing demand for water, so urban reservoirs such as the Madin dam are vital to meet the demand. However, this reservoir is highly polluted due to the urban settlements around it. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate oxidative stress in clinically healthy subjects by means of the degree of lipoperoxidation, as well as the modification of serum enzyme levels, such as alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase associated with air and drinking water pollutants from three zones of the Mexico City Metropolitan Area, two of them related to Madin Dam. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted between March 2019 and September 2021 in 142 healthy participants (age range 18-65 years). Healthy subjects were confirmed by their medical history. The results showed that chronic exposure to air (SO2) and water pollutants (Al and Fe) was significantly associated with elevated levels of lipoperoxidation. There was evidence that contamination from the Madín dam can generate oxidative stress and affect the health status of people who receive water from this reservoir or who consume fish that inhabit it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Ruiz-Lara
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Acuática, Sección de Graduados E Investigación, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de Ayala Y Carpio S/N, 11340, Mexico City, México
| | - Sandra García-Medina
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Acuática, Sección de Graduados E Investigación, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de Ayala Y Carpio S/N, 11340, Mexico City, México.
| | - Marcela Galar-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Acuática, Sección de Graduados E Investigación, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de Ayala Y Carpio S/N, 11340, Mexico City, México
| | - Israel Parra-Ortega
- Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital Infantil de México "Federico Gómez", Doctor Márquez 162, Delegación Doctores, Cuauhtémoc, 06720, México City, México
| | - Israel Morales-Balcázar
- Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital Infantil de México "Federico Gómez", Doctor Márquez 162, Delegación Doctores, Cuauhtémoc, 06720, México City, México
| | - Nancy Aline Hernández-Rosas
- Universidad Tecnológica de México, S. C. Avenida Central 375, Ejidos Tulpetlac, 55107, Ecatepec de Morelos, México
| | - Sergio Esteban Moreno-Vázquez
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Sección de Graduados E Investigación, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de Ayala Y Carpio S/N, 11340, Mexico City, México
| | - Misael Hernández-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Acuática, Sección de Graduados E Investigación, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de Ayala Y Carpio S/N, 11340, Mexico City, México
| | - Selene Cano-Viveros
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Acuática, Sección de Graduados E Investigación, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de Ayala Y Carpio S/N, 11340, Mexico City, México
| | - Eduardo Osel Olvera-Roldán
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Acuática, Sección de Graduados E Investigación, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de Ayala Y Carpio S/N, 11340, Mexico City, México
| | - Leobardo Manuel Gómez-Oliván
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón Intersección Paseo Tollocan S/N. Col. Residencial Colón, 50120, Toluca, Mexico City, México
| | - Eloy Gasca-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Acuática, Sección de Graduados E Investigación, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de Ayala Y Carpio S/N, 11340, Mexico City, México
| | - Alba Lucero García-Medina
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Acuática, Sección de Graduados E Investigación, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de Ayala Y Carpio S/N, 11340, Mexico City, México
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Sesay BP, Hakizimana JL, Elduma AH, Gebru GN. Assessment of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Practices Among Households, 2019 - Sierra Leone: A Community-based Cluster Survey. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INSIGHTS 2022; 16:11786302221125042. [PMID: 36185496 PMCID: PMC9520160 DOI: 10.1177/11786302221125042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In Sierra Leone, diseases related to water, sanitation, and hygiene remain among the leading cause of morbidity and account for 20% of all death. This study assessed the water, sanitation, and hygiene services and practices at household level in Sierra Leone. METHODS A cluster survey was conducted among 1002 households in 4 districts of Sierra Leone. Data was collected on water, sanitation, and hygiene indicators, occurrence of diarrhoeal diseases at household level within 14-day prior to the survey. Chi-square test at 95% significant level was computed to compare the difference in accessing improved water sources, sanitation, and hygiene in urban and rural areas. RESULT Of the 1002 households surveyed, 650 (65%) had access to improved drinking water sources. In the urban areas, 432 (88%) out of 486 households had improved drinking water source, which is higher as compared to rural areas. Only 218 (42%) out of 516 households had improved drinking water (P < .001). Of the total households surveyed, 167 (17%) had improved sanitation with 45 (5%) having a handwashing facility. There were 173 households reporting diarrhoeal disease within 2 weeks prior to the survey, with prevalence of 17%. CONCLUSION Majority of households in rural areas do not have access to improved water sources, sanitation, and handwashing facilities. This study found a high prevalence of diarrhoeal disease at the household level. It is recommended that The Ministry of Health and Sanitation work with relevant sectors to increase access to improved drinking water, sanitation, and handwashing facilities in rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean Leonard Hakizimana
- Sierra Leone Field Epidemiology Training Program, Freetown, Sierra Leone
- African Field Epidemiology Network, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Adel Hussein Elduma
- Sierra Leone Field Epidemiology Training Program, Freetown, Sierra Leone
- African Field Epidemiology Network, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Gebrekrstos Negash Gebru
- Sierra Leone Field Epidemiology Training Program, Freetown, Sierra Leone
- African Field Epidemiology Network, Freetown, Sierra Leone
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Non-Carcinogenic Health Risk Evaluation of Elevated Fluoride in Groundwater and Its Suitability Assessment for Drinking Purposes Based on Water Quality Index. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159071. [PMID: 35897434 PMCID: PMC9331254 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Fluoride (F-) contamination in drinking groundwater is a significant human health risk in Pakistan. Moreover, high fluoride pollution in drinking water causes a variety of disorders, including dental, neurological, and skeletal fluorosis. The aim of this research was to evaluate the health risk of elevated fluoride in groundwater and its suitability assessment for drinking purposes. The total of (n = 37) samples were collected from community tube wells of Quetta Valley, Balochistan, Pakistan. The results show a mean pH value of 7.7, TDS of 404.6 mg/L, EC of 500 µs/cm, depth of 96.8 feet, and turbidity of 1.7 nephelometric turbidity units. The mean values of HCO3-, Ca2+, Mg2+, and Na+, were 289.5, 47.5, 30.6, and 283.3 mg/L, respectively. The mean values of SO42-, NO3-, K+, Cl-, and Fe2+, were 34.9, 1.0, 1.6, 25.6, and 0.01 mg/L, respectively. The F- concentration in the groundwater varied between 0.19 and 6.21, with a mean value of 1.8 mg/L, and 18 samples out of 37 were beyond the WHO recommended limit of 1.5 mg/L. The hydrochemical analysis results indicated that among the groundwater samples of the study area, 54% samples were Na-HCO3 type and 46% were mixed CaNaHCO3 type. The saturation indices of the mineral phases reveal that the groundwater sources of the study area were saturated with CaCO3 and halide minerals due to their positive (SI) values. Such minerals include calcite, dolomite, gypsum, and fluorite. The principal component analysis results reveal that the groundwater sources of the study area are contaminated due to geological and anthropogenic actions. The health risk assessment results of the F- concentrations show the ranges of ADDingestion for children, females, and males in the Quetta Valley, and their mean values were observed to be 0.093052, 0.068825, and 0.065071, respectively. The HQingestion mean values were 1.55086, 1.147089, and 1.084521 for children, females, and males, respectively. It was noticed that children had the highest maximum and average values of ADDingestion and HQingestion in the research area, indicating that groundwater fluoride intake poses the greatest health risk to children. The water quality index (WQI) analyses show that 44% of the samples belong to the poor-quality category, 49% were of good quality, and 8% of the samples of the study area belong to the excellent category.
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Spatial Distribution and Source Identification of Water Quality Parameters of an Industrial Seaport Riverbank Area in Bangladesh. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14091356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The Pasur River is a vital reservoir of surface water in the Sundarbon area in Bangladesh. Mongla seaport is located on the bank of this river. Many industries and other commercial sectors situated in this port area are discharging waste into the river without proper treatment. For this reason, geospatial analysis and mapping of water pollutant distribution were performed to assess the physicochemical and toxicological situation in the study area. We used different water quality indices such as Metal Index (MI), Comprehensive Pollution Index (CPI), and Weighted Arithmetic Water Quality Index Method (WQI) to improve the understanding of pollution distribution and processes determining the quality of river water. Multivariate statistical methods were used to evaluate loads and sources of pollutants in the Pasur River system. The results indicate that the sources of contaminants are both geogenic and anthropogenic, including untreated or poorly treated wastewater from industries and urban domestic waste discharge. The concentration range of total suspended solid (TSS), chloride, iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn) were from 363.2 to 1482.7, 108.2 to 708.93, 1.13 to 2.75, and 0.19 to 1.41 mg/L, respectively, significantly exceeding the health-based guideline of WHO and Bangladeshi standards. The high Fe and Mn contents are contributions from geogenic and anthropogenic sources such as industrial waste and construction activities. The average pH value was 8.73, higher than the WHO and Bangladeshi standard limit. WQI (ranging from 391 to 1336), CPI (6.71 to 23.1), and MI (7.23 to 23.3) were very high and greatly exceeded standard limits indicating that the Pasur River water is highly polluted. The results of this study can be used as a first reference work for developing a surface water quality monitoring system and guide decisionmakers for priorities regarding wastewater treatment.
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Li P, Wang D, Li W, Liu L. Sustainable water resources development and management in large river basins: an introduction. ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES 2022; 81:179. [PMID: 35280111 PMCID: PMC8905562 DOI: 10.1007/s12665-022-10298-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Water resources are important in large basins which are important places for human habitation and industrial and agricultural development. The background of editing this thematic issue was introduced and the general water resources situation and water quality status in four major large river basins in the Asian and African continents were briefly summarized to give readers general pictures of water resources development and management in these basins, and these large river basins are the Yellow River Basin, the Yangtze River Basin, the Indus Basin, and the Nile Basin. The thematic issue papers were classified into four clustered topical categories, and the main points of the papers in this thematic issue were summarized. Finally, the perspectives of future sustainable water resources development and management in large river basins were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyue Li
- School of Water and Environment, Chang’an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi’an, 710054 China
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang’an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi’an, 710054 China
| | - Dan Wang
- School of Water and Environment, Chang’an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi’an, 710054 China
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang’an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi’an, 710054 China
| | - Wenqu Li
- School of Water and Environment, Chang’an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi’an, 710054 China
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang’an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi’an, 710054 China
| | - Leining Liu
- School of Water and Environment, Chang’an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi’an, 710054 China
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang’an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi’an, 710054 China
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Li P, Karunanidhi D, Subramani T, Srinivasamoorthy K. Sources and Consequences of Groundwater Contamination. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 80:1-10. [PMID: 33386943 PMCID: PMC7778406 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-020-00805-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater contamination is a global problem that has a significant impact on human health and ecological services. Studies reported in this special issue focus on contaminants in groundwater of geogenic and anthropogenic origin distributed over a wide geographic range, with contributions from researchers studying groundwater contamination in India, China, Pakistan, Turkey, Ethiopia, and Nigeria. Thus, this special issue reports on the latest research conducted in the eastern hemisphere on the sources and scale of groundwater contamination and the consequences for human health and the environment, as well as technologies for removing selected contaminants from groundwater. In this article, the state of the science on groundwater contamination is reviewed, and the papers published in this special issue are summarized in terms of their contributions to the literature. Finally, some key issues for advancing research on groundwater contamination are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyue Li
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China.
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China.
| | - D Karunanidhi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Sri Shakthi Institute of Engineering and Technology (Autonomous), Coimbatore, India
| | - T Subramani
- Department of Geology, CEG, Anna University, Chennai, India
| | - K Srinivasamoorthy
- Department of Earth Sciences, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Pondicherry, India
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