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Khatoon H, Mohd Faudzi SM. Exploring quinoxaline derivatives: An overview of a new approach to combat antimicrobial resistance. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 276:116675. [PMID: 39004020 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as a long-standing global issue ever since the introduction of penicillin, the first antibiotic. Scientists are constantly working to develop innovative antibiotics that are more effective and superior. Unfortunately, the misuse of antibiotics has resulted in their declining effectiveness over the years. By 2050, it is projected that approximately 10 million lives could be lost annually due to antibiotic resistance. Gaining insight into the mechanisms behind the development and transmission of AMR in well-known bacteria including Escherichia coli, Bacillus pumilus, Enterobacter aerogenes, Salmonella typhimurium, and the gut microbiota is crucial for researchers. Environmental contamination in third world and developing countries also plays a significant role in the increase of AMR. Despite the availability of numerous recognized antibiotics to combat bacterial infections, their effectiveness is diminishing due to the growing problem of AMR. The overuse of antibiotics has led to an increase in resistance rates and negative impacts on global health. This highlights the importance of implementing strong antimicrobial stewardship and improving global monitoring, as emphasized by the World Health Organization (WHO) and other organizations. In the face of these obstacles, quinoxaline derivatives have emerged as promising candidates. They are characterized by their remarkable efficacy against a broad spectrum of harmful bacteria, including strains that are resistant to multiple drugs. These compounds are known for their strong structural stability and adaptability, making them a promising and creative solution to the AMR crisis. This review aims to assess the effectiveness of quinoxaline derivatives in treating drug-resistant infections, with the goal of making a meaningful contribution to the global fight against AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hena Khatoon
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Siti Munirah Mohd Faudzi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Sankaranarayanan G, Kodiveri Muthukaliannan G. Exploring antimicrobial resistance determinants in the Neanderthal microbiome. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0266223. [PMID: 38916350 PMCID: PMC11302244 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02662-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the presence of antimicrobial resistance determinants (ARDs) in the Neanderthal microbiome through meticulous analysis of metagenomic data derived directly from dental calculus and fecal sediments across diverse Neanderthal sites in Europe. Employing a targeted locus mapping approach followed by a consensus strategy instead of an assembly-first approach, we aimed to identify and characterize ARDs within these ancient microbial communities. A comprehensive and redundant ARD database was constructed by amalgamating data from various antibiotic resistance gene repositories. Our results highlighted the efficacy of the KMA tool in providing a robust alignment of ancient metagenomic reads to the antibiotic resistance gene database. Notably, the KMA tool identified a limited number of ARDs, with only the 23S ribosomal gene from the dental calculus sample of Neanderthal remains at Goyet Troisieme Caverne exhibiting ancient DNA (aDNA) characteristics. Despite not identifying ARDs with typical ancient DNA damage patterns or negative distance proportions, our findings suggest a nuanced identification of putative antimicrobial resistance determinants in the Neanderthal microbiome's genetic repertoire based on the taxonomy-habitat correlation. Nevertheless, our findings are limited by factors such as environmental DNA contamination, DNA fragmentation, and cytosine deamination of aDNA. The study underscores the necessity for refined methodologies to unlock the genomic assets of prehistoric populations, fostering a comprehensive understanding of the intricate dynamics shaping the microbial landscape across history. IMPORTANCE The results of our analysis demonstrate the challenges in identifying determinants of antibiotic resistance within the endogenous microbiome of Neanderthals. Despite the comprehensive investigation of multiple studies and the utilization of advanced analytical techniques, the detection of antibiotic resistance determinants in the ancient microbial communities proved to be particularly difficult. However, our analysis did reveal the presence of some authentic ancient conservative genes, indicating the preservation of certain genetic elements over time. These findings raise intriguing questions about the factors influencing the presence or absence of antibiotic resistance in ancient microbial communities. It could be speculated that the spread of current antibiotic resistance, which has reached alarming levels in modern times, is primarily driven by anthropogenic factors such as the widespread use and misuse of antibiotics in medical and agricultural practices.
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Ulrich L, Steiner LX, Giez C, Lachnit T. Optimizing bacteriophage treatment of resistant Pseudomonas. mSphere 2024; 9:e0070723. [PMID: 38934592 PMCID: PMC11288017 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00707-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Phage therapy is increasing in relevance as an alternative treatment to combat antibiotic resistant bacteria. Phage cocktails are the state-of-the-art method of administering phages in clinical settings, preferred over monophage treatment because of their ability to eliminate multiple bacterial strains and reduce resistance formation. In our study, we compare monophage applications and phage cocktails to our chosen method of phage sequential treatments. To do so, we isolated four novel bacteriophages capable of infecting Pseudomonas alcaligenes T3, a close relative of P. aeruginosa, and characterized them using sequencing and transmission electron microscopy. While investigating monophage treatments, we observed that different phage concentrations had a strong impact on the timing and amount of resistance formation. When using phage cocktails, we observed that P. alcaligenes were capable of forming resistance in the same timespan it took them to become resistant to single phages. We isolated mutants resistant to each single phage as well as mutants exposed to phage cocktails, resulting in bacteria resistant to all four phages at once. Sequencing these mutants showed that different treatments yielded unique single nucleotide polymorphism mutation patterns. In order to combat resistance formation, we added phages one by one in intervals of 24 h, thus managing to delay resistance development and keeping bacterial growth significantly lower compared to phage cocktails.IMPORTANCEWHO declared antimicrobial resistance a top threat to global health; while antibiotics have stood at the forefront in the fight against bacterial infection, the increasing number of multidrug-resistant bacteria highlights a need to branch out in order to address the threat of antimicrobial resistance. Bacteriophages, viruses solely infecting bacteria, could present a solution due to their abundance, versatility, and adaptability. For this study, we isolated new phages infecting a fast-mutating Pseudomonas alcaligenes strain capable of forming resistance within 30 h. By using a sequential treatment approach of adding one phage after another, we were able to curb bacterial growth significantly more compared to state-of-the-art phage cocktails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ulrich
- Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Leon X. Steiner
- RD3 Marine Ecology, RU Marine Symbioses, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christoph Giez
- Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Tim Lachnit
- Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Mukherjee K, Rahman A, Chakraborty J, Pakrashi S. Isolation and characterization of mercury and multidrug-resistant Citrobacter freundii strains from tannery effluents in Kolkata, India. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:362. [PMID: 39066800 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-04090-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is one of the most potent toxic heavy metals that distresses livestock, humans, and ecological health. Owing to uncontrolled exposure to untreated tannery industrial effluents, metals such as Hg are increasing in nature and are, therefore, becoming a global concern. As a result, understanding the thriving microflora in that severe condition and their characteristics becomes immensely important. During the course of this study, two Hg-resistant bacteria were isolated from tannery wastewater effluents from leather factories in Kolkata, India, which were able to tolerate 2.211 × 10- 3 M (600 µg/ml) Hg. 16 S rDNA analysis revealed strong sequence homology with Citrobacter freundii, were named as BNC22A and BNC22C for this study. In addition they showed high tolerance to nickel (Ni) and Chromium (Cr) at 6.31 × 10- 3 M (1500 µg/ml) and 6.792 × 10- 3 M (2000 µg/ml) respectively. However, both the isolates were sensitive to arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd). Furthermore, their antibiotic sensitivity profiles reveal a concerning trend towards resistance to multiple drugs. Overuse and misuse of antibiotics in healthcare systems and agriculture has been identified as two of the main reasons for the decline in efficacy of antibiotics. Though their ability to produce lipase makes them industrially potent organisms, their competence to resist several antibiotics and metals that are toxic makes this study immensely relevant. In addition, their ability to negate heavy metal toxicity makes them potential candidates for bioremediation. Finally, the green mung bean seed germination test showed a significant favourable effect of BNC22A and BNC22C against Hg-stimulated toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kushal Mukherjee
- Department of Microbiology, Bidhannagar College, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700064, India
| | - Abdul Rahman
- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Joyeeta Chakraborty
- Department of Biotechnology, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, West Bengal, NH 12, Haringhata, 741249, India
| | - Sourav Pakrashi
- Department of Microbiology, Bidhannagar College, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700064, India.
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Di Lodovico S, Petrini M, Di Fermo P, De Pasquale V, De Martino L, D'Ercole S, Nocera FP, Di Giulio M. Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Lubbock Chronic Wound Biofilm (LCWB): a suitable dual-species model for in vitro studies. Microbes Infect 2024:105384. [PMID: 38944110 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2024.105384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius associated with canine wounds represents an important challenge. The aim of this study was to create a canine wound infection model, Lubbock Chronic Wound Biofilm (LCWB), with a focus on S. pseudintermedius, drawing inspiration from the established human model involving Staphylococcus aureus. Methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius 115 (MRSP) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 700 strains, isolated from dog wounds, were used to set up the LCWB at 24, 48 and 72 h. The LCWBs were evaluated in terms of volume, weight, and microbial CFU/mg. The microbial spatial distribution in the LCWBs was assessed by SEM and CLSM imaging. The best incubation time for the LCWB production in terms of volume (3.38 cm3 ± 0.13), weight (0.86 gr ± 0.02) and CFU/mg (up to 7.05 × 106 CFU/mg ± 2.89 × 105) was 48 h. The SEM and CLSM images showed a major viable microbial colonization at 48 h with non-mixed bacteria with a prevalence of MRSP on the surface and P. aeruginosa 700 in the depth of the wound. The obtained findings demonstrate the capability of S. pseudintermedius to grow together P. aeruginosa in the LCWB model, representing the suitable model to reproduce the animal chronic wound in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Di Lodovico
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Morena Petrini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti, Italy
| | - Paola Di Fermo
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti, Italy
| | - Valeria De Pasquale
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luisa De Martino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Simonetta D'Ercole
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesca Paola Nocera
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Mara Di Giulio
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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Hamdy A, Marciniak T, Alseqely M, Ziebuhr W, Abouelmagd E, Abouelfetouh A. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of commensal staphylococci isolated from young volunteers in Alexandria, Egypt. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14850. [PMID: 38937465 PMCID: PMC11211488 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60924-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Nasally colonized staphylococci carry antibiotic resistance genes and may lead to serious opportunistic infections. We are investigating nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococci other than S. aureus (SOSA) among young volunteers in Egypt to determine their risk potential. Nasal swabs collected over 1 week in June 2019 from 196 volunteers were cultured for staphylococcus isolation. The participants were interviewed to assess sex, age, general health, hospitalization and personal hygiene habits. Identification was carried out using biochemical tests and VITEK 2 automated system. Disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration tests were performed to determine antibiotic susceptibility. Screening for macrolide resistance genes (ermA, ermB, ermC, ermT and msrA) was performed using polymerase chain reaction. Thirty four S. aureus and 69 SOSA were obtained. Multi-drug resistance (MDR) was detected among most staphylococcal species, ranging from 30.77% among S. hominis to 50% among S. epidermidis. Phenotypic resistance to all tested antibiotics, except for linezolid, was observed. Susceptibility to rifampicin, vancomycin and teicoplanin was highest. ermB showed the highest prevalence among all species (79.41% and 94.2% among S. aureus and SOSA, respectively), and constitutive macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLSB) resistance was equally observed in S. aureus and SOSA (11.11% and 16.22%, respectively), whereas inducible MLSB resistance was more often found in S. aureus (77.78% and 43.24%, respectively). The species or resistance level of the carried isolates were not significantly associated with previous hospitalization or underlying diseases. Although over all colonization and carriage of resistance genes are within normal ranges, the increased carriage of MDR S. aureus is alarming. Also, the fact that many macrolide resitance genes were detected should be a warning sign, particularly in case of MLSB inducible phenotype. More in depth analysis using whole genome sequencing would give a better insight into the MDR staphylococci in the community in Egypt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Hamdy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Tessa Marciniak
- Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mustafa Alseqely
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Wilma Ziebuhr
- Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Elsayed Abouelmagd
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Arab Academy for Science, Technology, and Maritime Transport, Alamein Branch, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Alaa Abouelfetouh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alamein International University, New Alamein, Egypt.
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Mundra S, Kabra A. Unveiling the Druggable Landscape of Bacterial Peptidyl tRNA Hydrolase: Insights into Structure, Function, and Therapeutic Potential. Biomolecules 2024; 14:668. [PMID: 38927071 PMCID: PMC11202043 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial peptidyl tRNA hydrolase (Pth) or Pth1 emerges as a pivotal enzyme involved in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis by catalyzing the release of peptidyl moieties from peptidyl-tRNA molecules and the maintenance of a free pool of specific tRNAs. This enzyme is vital for bacterial cells and an emerging drug target for various bacterial infections. Understanding the enzymatic mechanisms and structural intricacies of bacterial Pth is pivotal in designing novel therapeutics to combat antibiotic resistance. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the multifaceted roles of Pth in bacterial physiology, shedding light on its significance as a potential drug target. This article delves into the diverse functions of Pth, encompassing its involvement in ribosome rescue, the maintenance of a free tRNA pool in bacterial systems, the regulation of translation fidelity, and stress response pathways within bacterial systems. Moreover, it also explores the druggability of bacterial Pth, emphasizing its promise as a target for antibacterial agents and highlighting the challenges associated with developing specific inhibitors against this enzyme. Structural elucidation represents a cornerstone in unraveling the catalytic mechanisms and substrate recognition of Pth. This review encapsulates the current structural insights of Pth garnered through various biophysical techniques, such as X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy, providing a detailed understanding of the enzyme's architecture and conformational dynamics. Additionally, biophysical aspects, including its interaction with ligands, inhibitors, and substrates, are discussed, elucidating the molecular basis of bacterial Pth's function and its potential use in drug design strategies. Through this review article, we aim to put together all the available information on bacterial Pth and emphasize its potential in advancing innovative therapeutic interventions and combating bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Mundra
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Ashish Kabra
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
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Yapar A, Köse Ö, Özdöl Ç, Luo TD, Budin M, Rosa GF, Gehrke T, Citak M. Increased Involvement of Staphylococcus epidermidis in the Rise of Polymicrobial Periprosthetic Joint Infections. J Arthroplasty 2024:S0883-5403(24)00547-3. [PMID: 38823523 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2024.05.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, we aimed to analyze the temporal distribution of polymicrobial periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs), while also evaluating the patient risk factors associated with these infections following total joint arthroplasty at our institution across 2 distinct periods. METHOD This retrospective cross-sectional study evaluated 259 patients who had knee or hip PJI from 2001 to 2006 and 2018 to 2022. A PJI was diagnosed using the 2018 International Consensus Meeting criteria. We utilized the Polymicrobial Pathogens' Co-occurrence Network Analysis, a novel approach that leverages network theory to map and quantify the complex interplay of organisms in PJIs. RESULTS Of the 259 patients who had polymicrobial PJI, 58.7% were men, with mean age 67 years (range, 24 to 90). Of the 579 identified pathogens, Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most common (22.1%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (9.0%) and Cutibacterium acnes (7.8%). The co-occurrence analysis indicated that Staphylococcus epidermidis frequently coexisted with Cutibacterium acnes (26 cultures) and Staphylococcus capitis (22 cultures). A notable increase in body mass index from 27.7 ± 4.4 in 2001 to 2006 to 29.7 ± 6.2 in 2018 to 2022 was observed (P = .001). Moreover, infections from Staphylococcus epidermidis, Cutibacterium acnes, and Staphylococcus capitis saw a significant uptick (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS The study shows that from 2001 to 2022, there was a significant change in the pathogens responsible for polymicrobial PJIs, particularly an increase in Staphylococcus epidermidis, Cutibacterium acnes, and Staphylococcus capitis. Alongside these microbial changes, there was a rise in body mass index and shifts in comorbid conditions, such as more renal disease and fewer cases of congestive heart failure. These changes highlight the dynamic interplay between host and microbial factors in the pathogenesis of polymicrobial PJIs, necessitating adaptive strategies in both surgical and postoperative care to mitigate the rising tide of these complex infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliekber Yapar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, ENDO-Klinik Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Özkan Köse
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Çağla Özdöl
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, ENDO-Klinik Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - T David Luo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, ENDO-Klinik Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Division of Adult Reconstruction, Orthopaedics Northeast, Fort Wayne, Indiana
| | - Maximilian Budin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, ENDO-Klinik Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gianmaria F Rosa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, ENDO-Klinik Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Gehrke
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, ENDO-Klinik Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mustafa Citak
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, ENDO-Klinik Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Abraham AM, Anjani QK, Adhami M, Hutton ARJ, Larrañeta E, Donnelly RF. Novel SmartReservoirs for hydrogel-forming microneedles to improve the transdermal delivery of rifampicin. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:4375-4388. [PMID: 38477350 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00110a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogel-forming microneedles (HF-MNs) are composed of unique cross-linked polymers that are devoid of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) within the microneedle array. Instead, the API is housed in a reservoir affixed on the top of the baseplate of the HF-MNs. To date, various types of drug-reservoirs and multiple solubility-enhancing approaches have been employed to deliver hydrophobic molecules combined with HF-MNs. These strategies are not without drawbacks, as they require multiple manufacturing steps, from solubility enhancement to reservoir production. However, this current study challenges this trend and focuses on the delivery of the hydrophobic antibiotic rifampicin using SmartFilm-technology as a solubility-enhancing strategy. In contrast to previous techniques, smart drug-reservoirs (SmartReservoirs) for hydrophobic compounds can be manufactured using a one step process. In this study, HF-MNs and three different concentrations of rifampicin SmartFilms (SFs) were produced. Following this, both HF-MNs and SFs were fully characterised regarding their physicochemical and mechanical properties, morphology, Raman surface mapping, the interaction with the cellulose matrix and maintenance of the loaded drug in the amorphous form. In addition, their drug loading and transdermal permeation efficacy were studied. The resulting SFs showed that the API was intact inside the cellulose matrix within the SFs, with the majority of the drug in the amorphous state. SFs alone demonstrated no transdermal penetration and less than 20 ± 4 μg of rifampicin deposited in the skin layers. In contrast, the transdermal permeation profile using SFs combined with HF-MNs (i.e. SmartReservoirs) demonstrated a 4-fold increase in rifampicin deposition (80 ± 7 μg) in the skin layers and a permeation of approx. 500 ± 22 μg. Results therefore illustrate that SFs can be viewed as novel drug-reservoirs (i.e. SmartReservoirs) for HF-MNs, achieving highly efficient loading and diffusion properties through the hydrogel matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham M Abraham
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Qonita Kurnia Anjani
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Masoud Adhami
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Aaron R J Hutton
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Eneko Larrañeta
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Ryan F Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
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10
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Jiang B, Lai Y, Xiao W, Zhong T, Liu F, Gong J, Huang J. Microbial extracellular vesicles contribute to antimicrobial resistance. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012143. [PMID: 38696356 PMCID: PMC11065233 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
With the escalating global antimicrobial resistance crisis, there is an urgent need for innovative strategies against drug-resistant microbes. Accumulating evidence indicates microbial extracellular vesicles (EVs) contribute to antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, comprehensively elucidating the roles and mechanisms of microbial EVs in conferring resistance could provide new perspectives and avenues for novel antimicrobial approaches. In this review, we systematically examine current research on antimicrobial resistance involving bacterial, fungal, and parasitic EVs, delineating the mechanisms whereby microbial EVs promote resistance. Finally, we discuss the application of bacterial EVs in antimicrobial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowei Jiang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yi Lai
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Wenhao Xiao
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Tianyu Zhong
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Fengping Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Junjie Gong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Junyun Huang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
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11
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Mayito J, Kibombo D, Olaro C, Nabadda S, Guma C, Nabukenya I, Busuge A, Dhikusooka F, Andema A, Mukobi P, Onyachi N, Watmon B, Obbo S, Yayi A, Elima J, Barigye C, Nyeko FJ, Mugerwa I, Sekamatte M, Bazira J, Walwema R, Lamorde M, Kakooza F, Kajumbula H. Characterization of Antibiotic Resistance in Select Tertiary Hospitals in Uganda: An Evaluation of 2020 to 2023 Routine Surveillance Data. Trop Med Infect Dis 2024; 9:77. [PMID: 38668538 PMCID: PMC11053536 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed9040077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a public health concern in Uganda. We sought to conduct an extended profiling of AMR burden at selected Ugandan tertiary hospitals. We analyzed routine surveillance data collected between October 2020 and March 2023 from 10 tertiary hospitals. The analysis was stratified according to the hospital unit, age, gender, specimen type, and time. Up to 2754 isolates were recovered, primarily from pus: 1443 (52.4%); urine: 1035 (37.6%); and blood: 245 (8.9%). Most pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus, 1020 (37%), Escherichia coli, 808 (29.3%), and Klebsiella spp., 200 (7.3%). Only 28% of Escherichia coli and 42% of the other Enterobacterales were susceptible to ceftriaxone, while only 44% of Staphylococcus aureus were susceptible to methicillin (56% were MRSA). Enterococcus spp. susceptibility to vancomycin was 72%. The 5-24-year-old had 8% lower ampicillin susceptibility than the >65-year-old, while the 25-44-year-old had 8% lower ciprofloxacin susceptibility than the >65-year-old. The 0-4-year-old had 8% higher ciprofloxacin susceptibility. Only erythromycin susceptibility varied by sex, being higher in males. Escherichia coli ciprofloxacin susceptibility in blood (57%) was higher than in urine (39%) or pus (28%), as was ceftriaxone susceptibility in blood (44%) versus urine (34%) or pus (14%). Klebsiella spp. susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and meropenem decreased by 55% and 47%, respectively, during the evaluation period. During the same period, Escherichia coli ciprofloxacin susceptibility decreased by 40%, while Staphylococcus aureus gentamicin susceptibility decreased by 37%. Resistance was high across the Access and Watch antibiotic categories, varying with time, age, sex, specimen type, and hospital unit. Effective antimicrobial stewardship targeted at the critical AMR drivers is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Mayito
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala P.O. Box 22418, Uganda; (D.K.); (A.B.)
| | - Daniel Kibombo
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala P.O. Box 22418, Uganda; (D.K.); (A.B.)
| | | | | | | | - Immaculate Nabukenya
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala P.O. Box 22418, Uganda; (D.K.); (A.B.)
| | - Andrew Busuge
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala P.O. Box 22418, Uganda; (D.K.); (A.B.)
| | - Flavia Dhikusooka
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala P.O. Box 22418, Uganda; (D.K.); (A.B.)
| | - Alex Andema
- Regional Referral Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kampala P.O. Box 7272, Uganda; (A.A.); (P.M.)
| | - Peter Mukobi
- Regional Referral Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kampala P.O. Box 7272, Uganda; (A.A.); (P.M.)
| | - Nathan Onyachi
- Regional Referral Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kampala P.O. Box 7272, Uganda; (A.A.); (P.M.)
| | - Ben Watmon
- Regional Referral Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kampala P.O. Box 7272, Uganda; (A.A.); (P.M.)
| | - Stephen Obbo
- Regional Referral Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kampala P.O. Box 7272, Uganda; (A.A.); (P.M.)
| | - Alfred Yayi
- Regional Referral Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kampala P.O. Box 7272, Uganda; (A.A.); (P.M.)
| | - James Elima
- Regional Referral Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kampala P.O. Box 7272, Uganda; (A.A.); (P.M.)
| | - Celestine Barigye
- Regional Referral Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kampala P.O. Box 7272, Uganda; (A.A.); (P.M.)
| | - Filbert J. Nyeko
- Regional Referral Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kampala P.O. Box 7272, Uganda; (A.A.); (P.M.)
| | | | | | - Joel Bazira
- Department of Microbiology, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara P.O. Box 1410, Uganda
| | - Richard Walwema
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala P.O. Box 22418, Uganda; (D.K.); (A.B.)
| | - Mohammed Lamorde
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala P.O. Box 22418, Uganda; (D.K.); (A.B.)
| | - Francis Kakooza
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala P.O. Box 22418, Uganda; (D.K.); (A.B.)
| | - Henry Kajumbula
- Department of Microbiology, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala P.O. Box 7072, Uganda;
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12
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Uwanibe JN, Olawoye IB, Happi CT, Folarin OA. Genomic Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant Pathogenic Enteric Bacteria from Healthy Children in Osun State, Nigeria. Microorganisms 2024; 12:505. [PMID: 38543556 PMCID: PMC10974654 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12030505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is responsible for the spread and persistence of bacterial infections. Surveillance of AMR in healthy individuals is usually not considered, though these individuals serve as reservoirs for continuous disease transmission. Therefore, it is essential to conduct epidemiological surveillance of AMR in healthy individuals to fully understand the dynamics of AMR transmission in Nigeria. Thirteen multidrug-resistant Citrobacter spp., Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli isolated from stool samples of healthy children were subjected to whole genome sequencing (WGS) using Illumina and Oxford nanopore sequencing platforms. A bioinformatics analysis revealed antimicrobial resistance genes such as the pmrB_Y358N gene responsible for colistin resistance detected in E. coli ST219, virulence genes such as senB, and ybtP&Q, and plasmids in the isolates sequenced. All isolates harbored more than three plasmid replicons of either the Col and/or Inc type. Plasmid reconstruction revealed an integrated tetA gene, a toxin production caa gene in two E. coli isolates, and a cusC gene in K. quasivariicola ST3879, which induces neonatal meningitis. The global spread of AMR pathogenic enteric bacteria is of concern, and surveillance should be extended to healthy individuals, especially children. WGS for epidemiological surveillance will improve the detection of AMR pathogens for management and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica N. Uwanibe
- African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer’s University, Oshogbo 232102, Osun State, Nigeria; (J.N.U.); (I.B.O.); (C.T.H.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Redeemer’s University, Oshogbo 232102, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Idowu B. Olawoye
- African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer’s University, Oshogbo 232102, Osun State, Nigeria; (J.N.U.); (I.B.O.); (C.T.H.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Redeemer’s University, Oshogbo 232102, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Christian T. Happi
- African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer’s University, Oshogbo 232102, Osun State, Nigeria; (J.N.U.); (I.B.O.); (C.T.H.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Redeemer’s University, Oshogbo 232102, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Onikepe A. Folarin
- African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer’s University, Oshogbo 232102, Osun State, Nigeria; (J.N.U.); (I.B.O.); (C.T.H.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Redeemer’s University, Oshogbo 232102, Osun State, Nigeria
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13
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Campos IC, Saraiva MMS, Benevides VP, Ferreira TS, Ferreira VA, Almeida AM, Berchieri Junior A. Low temperatures do not impair the bacterial plasmid conjugation on poultry meat. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:711-717. [PMID: 38191970 PMCID: PMC10920582 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01230-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Conjugation plays an important role in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance genes. Besides, this process is influenced by many biotic and abiotic factors, especially temperature. This study aimed to investigate the effect of different conditions of temperature and storage (time and recipient) of poultry meat, intended for the final consumer, affect the plasmid transfer between pathogenic (harboring the IncB/O-plasmid) and non-pathogenic Escherichia coli organisms. The determination of minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of ampicillin, cephalexin, cefotaxime, and ceftazidime was performed before and after the conjugation assay. It was possible to recover transconjugants in the poultry meat at all the treatments, also these bacteria showed a significant increase of the MIC for all antimicrobials tested. Our results show that a non-pathogenic E. coli can acquire an IncB/O-plasmid through a conjugation process in poultry meat, even stored at low temperatures. Once acquired, the resistance genes endanger public health especially when it is about critically and highly important antimicrobials to human medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella C Campos
- Department of Pathology, Reproduction, and One Health from the School of Agriculture and Veterinarian Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (FCAV-Unesp), Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Mauro M S Saraiva
- Department of Pathology, Reproduction, and One Health from the School of Agriculture and Veterinarian Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (FCAV-Unesp), Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil.
| | - Valdinete P Benevides
- Department of Pathology, Reproduction, and One Health from the School of Agriculture and Veterinarian Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (FCAV-Unesp), Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Taísa S Ferreira
- Department of Pathology, Reproduction, and One Health from the School of Agriculture and Veterinarian Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (FCAV-Unesp), Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Viviane A Ferreira
- Department of Pathology, Reproduction, and One Health from the School of Agriculture and Veterinarian Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (FCAV-Unesp), Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Adriana M Almeida
- Department of Pathology, Reproduction, and One Health from the School of Agriculture and Veterinarian Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (FCAV-Unesp), Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Angelo Berchieri Junior
- Department of Pathology, Reproduction, and One Health from the School of Agriculture and Veterinarian Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (FCAV-Unesp), Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil.
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14
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Law SR, Mathes F, Paten AM, Alexandre PA, Regmi R, Reid C, Safarchi A, Shaktivesh S, Wang Y, Wilson A, Rice SA, Gupta VVSR. Life at the borderlands: microbiomes of interfaces critical to One Health. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2024; 48:fuae008. [PMID: 38425054 PMCID: PMC10977922 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuae008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbiomes are foundational components of the environment that provide essential services relating to food security, carbon sequestration, human health, and the overall well-being of ecosystems. Microbiota exert their effects primarily through complex interactions at interfaces with their plant, animal, and human hosts, as well as within the soil environment. This review aims to explore the ecological, evolutionary, and molecular processes governing the establishment and function of microbiome-host relationships, specifically at interfaces critical to One Health-a transdisciplinary framework that recognizes that the health outcomes of people, animals, plants, and the environment are tightly interconnected. Within the context of One Health, the core principles underpinning microbiome assembly will be discussed in detail, including biofilm formation, microbial recruitment strategies, mechanisms of microbial attachment, community succession, and the effect these processes have on host function and health. Finally, this review will catalogue recent advances in microbiology and microbial ecology methods that can be used to profile microbial interfaces, with particular attention to multi-omic, advanced imaging, and modelling approaches. These technologies are essential for delineating the general and specific principles governing microbiome assembly and functions, mapping microbial interconnectivity across varying spatial and temporal scales, and for the establishment of predictive frameworks that will guide the development of targeted microbiome-interventions to deliver One Health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon R Law
- CSIRO MOSH-Future Science Platform, Australia
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Falko Mathes
- CSIRO MOSH-Future Science Platform, Australia
- CSIRO Environment, Floreat, WA 6014, Australia
| | - Amy M Paten
- CSIRO MOSH-Future Science Platform, Australia
- CSIRO Environment, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Pamela A Alexandre
- CSIRO MOSH-Future Science Platform, Australia
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia
| | - Roshan Regmi
- CSIRO MOSH-Future Science Platform, Australia
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Cameron Reid
- CSIRO MOSH-Future Science Platform, Australia
- CSIRO Environment, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Azadeh Safarchi
- CSIRO MOSH-Future Science Platform, Australia
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Shaktivesh Shaktivesh
- CSIRO MOSH-Future Science Platform, Australia
- CSIRO Data 61, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia
| | - Yanan Wang
- CSIRO MOSH-Future Science Platform, Australia
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia
| | - Annaleise Wilson
- CSIRO MOSH-Future Science Platform, Australia
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Geelong, Vic 3220, Australia
| | - Scott A Rice
- CSIRO MOSH-Future Science Platform, Australia
- CSIRO Agriculture, and Food, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Vadakattu V S R Gupta
- CSIRO MOSH-Future Science Platform, Australia
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
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15
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Allemailem KS. Recent Advances in Understanding the Molecular Mechanisms of Multidrug Resistance and Novel Approaches of CRISPR/Cas9-Based Genome-Editing to Combat This Health Emergency. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:1125-1143. [PMID: 38344439 PMCID: PMC10859101 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s453566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The rapid spread of multidrug resistance (MDR), due to abusive use of antibiotics has led to global health emergency, causing substantial morbidity and mortality. Bacteria attain MDR by different means such as antibiotic modification/degradation, target protection/modification/bypass, and enhanced efflux mechanisms. The classical approaches of counteracting MDR bacteria are expensive and time-consuming, thus, it is highly significant to understand the molecular mechanisms of this resistance to curb the problem from core level. The revolutionary approach of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated sequence 9 (CRISPR/Cas9), considered as a next-generation genome-editing tool presents an innovative opportunity to precisely target and edit bacterial genome to alter their MDR strategy. Different bacteria possessing antibiotic resistance genes such as mecA, ermB, ramR, tetA, mqrB and blaKPC that have been targeted by CRISPR/Cas9 to re-sensitize these pathogens against antibiotics, such as methicillin, erythromycin, tigecycline, colistin and carbapenem, respectively. The CRISPR/Cas9 from S. pyogenes is the most widely studied genome-editing tool, consisting of a Cas9 DNA endonuclease associated with tracrRNA and crRNA, which can be systematically coupled as sgRNA. The targeting strategies of CRISPR/Cas9 to bacterial cells is mediated through phage, plasmids, vesicles and nanoparticles. However, the targeting approaches of this genome-editing tool to specific bacteria is a challenging task and still remains at a very preliminary stage due to numerous obstacles awaiting to be solved. This review elaborates some recent updates about the molecular mechanisms of antibiotic resistance and the innovative role of CRISPR/Cas9 system in modulating these resistance mechanisms. Furthermore, the delivery approaches of this genome-editing system in bacterial cells are discussed. In addition, some challenges and future prospects are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled S Allemailem
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah51452, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Bogri A, Jensen EEB, Borchert AV, Brinch C, Otani S, Aarestrup FM. Transmission of antimicrobial resistance in the gut microbiome of gregarious cockroaches: the importance of interaction between antibiotic exposed and non-exposed populations. mSystems 2024; 9:e0101823. [PMID: 38095429 PMCID: PMC10805027 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01018-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global health concern, further complicated by its spread via the microbiome bacterial members. While mathematical models discuss AMR transmission through the symbiotic microbiome, experimental studies are scarce. Herein, we used a gregarious cockroach, Pycnoscelus surinamensis, as an in vivo animal model for AMR transmission investigations. We explored whether the effect of antimicrobial treatment is detectable with metagenomic sequencing, and whether AMR genes can be spread and established in unchallenged (not treated with antibiotics) individuals following contact with treated donors, and under various frequencies of interaction. Gut and soil substrate microbiomes were investigated by metagenomic sequencing for bacterial community composition and resistome profiling. We found that tetracycline treatment altered the treated gut microbiome by decreasing bacterial diversity and increasing the abundance of tetracycline resistance genes. Untreated cockroaches that interacted with treated donors also had elevated tetracycline resistance. The levels of resistance differed depending on the magnitude and frequency of donor transfer. Additionally, treated donors showed signs of microbiome recovery due to their interaction with the untreated ones. Similar patterns were also recorded in the soil substrate microbiomes. Our results shed light on how interacting microbiomes facilitate AMR gene transmission to previously unchallenged hosts, a dynamic influenced by the interaction frequencies, using an in vivo model to validate theoretical AMR transmission models.IMPORTANCEAntimicrobial resistance is a rising threat to human and animal health. The spread of resistance through the transmission of the symbiotic gut microbiome is of concern and has been explored in theoretical modeling studies. In this study, we employ gregarious insect populations to examine the emergence and transmission of antimicrobial resistance in vivo and validate modeling hypotheses. We find that antimicrobial treatment increases the levels of resistance in treated populations. Most importantly, we show that resistance increased in untreated populations after interacting with the treated ones. The level of resistance transmission was affected by the magnitude and frequency of population mixing. Our results highlight the importance of microbial transmission in the spread of antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalia Bogri
- Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Asbjørn Vedel Borchert
- Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Christian Brinch
- Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Saria Otani
- Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Frank M. Aarestrup
- Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
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17
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Madhav A, Bousfield R, Pereira-Dias J, Cormie C, Forrest S, Keane J, Kermack L, Higginson E, Dougan G, Spiers H, Massey D, Sharkey L, Rutter C, Woodward J, Russell N, Amin I, Butler A, Atkinson K, Dymond T, Bartholdson Scott J, Baker S, Gkrania-Klotsas E. A metagenomic prospective cohort study on gut microbiome composition and clinical infection in small bowel transplantation. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2323232. [PMID: 38439546 PMCID: PMC10936650 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2323232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Two-thirds of small-bowel transplantation (SBT) recipients develop bacteremia, with the majority of infections occurring within 3 months post-transplant. Sepsis-related mortality occurs in 31% of patients and is commonly caused by bacteria of gut origin, which are thought to translocate across the implanted organ. Serial post-transplant surveillance endoscopies provide an opportunity to study whether the composition of the ileal and colonic microbiota can predict the emergence as well as the pathogen of subsequent clinical infections in the SBT patient population. Five participants serially underwent aspiration of ileal and colonic bowel effluents at transplantation and during follow-up endoscopy either until death or for up to 3 months post-SBT. We performed whole-metagenome sequencing (WMS) of 40 bowel effluent samples and compared the results with clinical infection episodes. Microbiome composition was concordant between participants and timepoint-matched ileal and colonic samples. Four out of five (4/5) participants had clinically significant infections thought to be of gut origin. Bacterial translocation from the gut was observed in 3/5 patients with bacterial infectious etiologies. In all three cases, the pathogens had demonstrably colonized the gut between 1-10 days prior to invasive clinical infection. Recipients with better outcomes received donor grafts with higher alpha diversity. There was an increase in the number of antimicrobial resistance genes associated with longer hospital stay for all participants. This metagenomic study provides preliminary evidence to support the pathogen translocation hypothesis of gut-origin sepsis in the SBT cohort. Ileal and colonic microbiome compositions were concordant; therefore, fecal metagenomic analysis could be a useful surveillance tool for impeding infection with specific gut-residing pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Madhav
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rachel Bousfield
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine / Department of Surgery, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joana Pereira-Dias
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Claire Cormie
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sally Forrest
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jacqueline Keane
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Leanne Kermack
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ellen Higginson
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gordon Dougan
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Harry Spiers
- Department of Medicine / Department of Surgery, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dunecan Massey
- Department of Medicine / Department of Surgery, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lisa Sharkey
- Department of Medicine / Department of Surgery, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Charlotte Rutter
- Department of Medicine / Department of Surgery, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jeremy Woodward
- Department of Medicine / Department of Surgery, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Neil Russell
- Department of Medicine / Department of Surgery, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Irum Amin
- Department of Medicine / Department of Surgery, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew Butler
- Department of Medicine / Department of Surgery, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kayleigh Atkinson
- Department of Medicine / Department of Surgery, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tom Dymond
- Department of Medicine / Department of Surgery, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Josefin Bartholdson Scott
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephen Baker
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Effrossyni Gkrania-Klotsas
- Department of Medicine / Department of Surgery, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
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18
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Mahmud MS, Hosen MA, Hossion MI, Sadik Sabuj MS, Rumi NA, Hossain MK, Dauelbait M, Nafidi HA, Dawoud TM, Ibrahim M, Bourhia M. Isolation, identification, and characterization of resistant bacteria to antibiotics from pharmaceutical effluent and study of their antibiotic resistance. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1307291. [PMID: 38230310 PMCID: PMC10790235 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1307291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Pharmaceutical effluents primarily enter aquatic environments through the discharge of treated and untreated wastewater from various sources, including hospitals, pharmaceutical manufacturing facilities, and households. Microbes sourced from pharmaceutical effluents such as Pseudomonas spp. pose a significant public health concern because of their high levels of resistance to multiple drugs and extreme multidrug resistance. Therefore, the present study was conducted for the isolation, identification, and molecular characterization of selected isolates from pharmaceutical effluents and also determined their antibiotic sensitivity patterns. From June 2016 to March 2017, a study was conducted on four well-known pharmaceutical companies specializing in antibiotic production in Dhaka and Gazipur. Four wastewater samples were collected from various origins and then brought to the Bacteriology laboratory for microbiological examination. Twelve pure isolates were obtained and characterized through cultural and biochemical tests while molecular identification of Pseudomonas spp. was performed using the 16S rRNA gene sequence. Twelve commercially available antibiotics were used for antibiotic sensitivity tests using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion methods. We isolated the most predominant isolates, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (41.67%), followed by Bacillus spp. (33.33%) and Staphylococcus spp. (25%) respectively. Among 12 antibiotics, ciprofloxacin is 100% sensitive against P. aeruginosa, while the remaining 11 antibiotics are 100% resistant. Bacillus spp. showed 100% resistance to all antibiotics while 50% sensitive to vancomycin and 100% to chloramphenicol, respectively. Staphylococcus spp. was 100% resistant to all antibiotics. Our research suggested that P. aeruginosa is the reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes and spreads disease to humans from the environment. The findings of this study, i.e., the isolation, identification, and characterization of antibiotic-resistant bacteria from pharmaceutical effluent have highlighted, comprehended, and mitigated the dissemination of antibiotic resistance and opportunistic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Shahin Mahmud
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Aoulad Hosen
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Ishaq Hossion
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Shiblee Sadik Sabuj
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh
| | - Nazmi Ara Rumi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Khaled Hossain
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh
| | - Musaab Dauelbait
- Department of Scientific Translation, Faculty of Translation, University of Bahri, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Hiba-Allah Nafidi
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Turki M. Dawoud
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Ibrahim
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal Campus, Sahiwal, Pakistan
| | - Mohammed Bourhia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ibn Zohr University, Laayoune, Morocco
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19
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Huang H, Pang X, Que T, Chen P, Li S, Wu A, He M, Qiu H, Hu Y. Antibiotic resistance profiles of gut microbiota across various primate species in Guangxi. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1309709. [PMID: 38156010 PMCID: PMC10753005 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1309709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Understanding the gut microbiota and antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) profiles in non-human primates (NHPs) is crucial for evaluating their potential impact on human health and the environment. Methods In this study, we performed metagenomic analysis of 203 primate fecal samples, including nine NHP species and humans, to comprehensively characterize their gut microbiota and ARGs. Results Our study reveals the prevailing phyla in primates as Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Euryarchaeota, and Proteobacteria. The captive NHPs exhibited higher ARG abundance compared to their wild counterparts, with tetracycline and beta-lactam resistance genes prevailing. Notably, ARG subtypes in Trachypithecus leucocephalus (T. leucocephalus) residing in karst limestone habitats displayed a more dispersed distribution compared to other species. Interestingly, ARG profiles of NHPs clustered based on geographic location and captivity status. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed intricate correlations between ARG subtypes and bacterial taxa. Procrustes analysis unveiled a significant correlation between ARGs and microbial phylogenetic community structure. Taxonomic composition analysis further highlighted differences in microbial abundance among NHPs and humans. Discussion Our study underscores the impact of lifestyle and geographical location on NHP gut microbiota and ARGs, providing essential insights into the potential risks posed by NHPs to antibiotic resistance dissemination. This comprehensive analysis enhances our understanding of the interplay between NHPs and the gut resistome, offering a critical reference for future research on antibiotic resistance and host-microbe interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Huang
- Clinical Biological Specimen Bank, Discipline Construction Office, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xianwu Pang
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Tengcheng Que
- Faculty of Data Science, City University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
- Right River National Medical College, Baise, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Terrestrial Wildlife Course Research and Epidemic Diseases Monitor Center, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Panyu Chen
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Terrestrial Wildlife Course Research and Epidemic Diseases Monitor Center, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Shousheng Li
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Terrestrial Wildlife Course Research and Epidemic Diseases Monitor Center, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Aiqiong Wu
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Terrestrial Wildlife Course Research and Epidemic Diseases Monitor Center, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Meihong He
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Terrestrial Wildlife Course Research and Epidemic Diseases Monitor Center, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Hong Qiu
- Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yanling Hu
- Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pre-Clinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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20
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Calvo LG, Castillo A, Villarino RA, Rama JLR, Abril AG, de Miguel T. Study of the Antibacterial Activity of Rich Polyphenolic Extracts Obtained from Cytisus scoparius against Foodborne Pathogens. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1645. [PMID: 37998847 PMCID: PMC10669525 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12111645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural extracts containing high polyphenolic concentrations may act as good antimicrobials for their antibacterial and antibiofilm activity. The present research characterizes two hydro-organic extracts with high polyphenolic content, obtained from the shrub Cytisus scoparius as antipathogenic candidates. As a result of their own composition, both extracts, LE050 and PG050, have shown pronounced bioactivities with potential uses, especially in agricultural, livestock production, food manufacturing, and pharmaceutical industries. Polyphenolic compounds were extracted by using adjusted hydro-organic solvent mixtures. These extracts' in vitro antimicrobial activity was evaluated on Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria, giving special attention to those involved in food contamination. Due to this, the biofilm dispersion was assessed on Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The extracts showed antimicrobial activity against the pathogenic species tested, presenting IC50 values between 0.625-20% v/v. Different behaviors have been detected between both extracts, probably linked to their distinct polyphenol composition, being LE050 extract the one with most promising bioactive applications. Finally, the results from the biofilm dispersion assays reveal that the extracts exhibit a good antibiofilm activity against the pathogenic bacteria tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena G. Calvo
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (L.G.C.); (R.-A.V.); (J.L.R.R.); (A.G.A.)
| | - Aly Castillo
- i-Grape Laboratory, Emprendia, Campus Vida, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- Laboratory of Research and Development of Analytical Solutions (LIDSA), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rosa-Antía Villarino
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (L.G.C.); (R.-A.V.); (J.L.R.R.); (A.G.A.)
| | - José Luis R. Rama
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (L.G.C.); (R.-A.V.); (J.L.R.R.); (A.G.A.)
| | - Ana G. Abril
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (L.G.C.); (R.-A.V.); (J.L.R.R.); (A.G.A.)
| | - Trinidad de Miguel
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (L.G.C.); (R.-A.V.); (J.L.R.R.); (A.G.A.)
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21
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Periferakis AT, Periferakis A, Periferakis K, Caruntu A, Badarau IA, Savulescu-Fiedler I, Scheau C, Caruntu C. Antimicrobial Properties of Capsaicin: Available Data and Future Research Perspectives. Nutrients 2023; 15:4097. [PMID: 37836381 PMCID: PMC10574431 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Capsaicin is a phytochemical derived from plants of the genus Capsicum and subject of intensive phytochemical research due to its numerous physiological and therapeutical effects, including its important antimicrobial properties. Depending on the concentration and the strain of the bacterium, capsaicin can exert either bacteriostatic or even bactericidal effects against a wide range of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, while in certain cases it can reduce their pathogenicity by a variety of mechanisms such as mitigating the release of toxins or inhibiting biofilm formation. Likewise, capsaicin has been shown to be effective against fungal pathogens, particularly Candida spp., where it once again interferes with biofilm formation. The parasites Toxoplasma gondi and Trypanosoma cruzi have been found to be susceptible to the action of this compound too while there are also viruses whose invasiveness is significantly dampened by it. Among the most encouraging findings are the prospects for future development, especially using new formulations and drug delivery mechanisms. Finally, the influence of capsaicin in somatostatin and substance P secretion and action, offers an interesting array of possibilities given that these physiologically secreted compounds modulate inflammation and immune response to a significant extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristodemos-Theodoros Periferakis
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Elkyda, Research & Education Centre of Charismatheia, 17675 Athens, Greece
| | - Argyrios Periferakis
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Elkyda, Research & Education Centre of Charismatheia, 17675 Athens, Greece
- Akadimia of Ancient Greek and Traditional Chinese Medicine, 16675 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Periferakis
- Akadimia of Ancient Greek and Traditional Chinese Medicine, 16675 Athens, Greece
- Pan-Hellenic Organization of Educational Programs (P.O.E.P), 17236 Athens, Greece
| | - Ana Caruntu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, “Carol Davila” Central Military Emergency Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Titu Maiorescu” University, 031593 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioana Anca Badarau
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ilinca Savulescu-Fiedler
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Coltea Clinical Hospital, 030167 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Internal Medicine, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian Scheau
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, “Foisor” Clinical Hospital of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Osteoarticular TB, 021382 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Constantin Caruntu
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Dermatology, ‘Prof. N.C. Paulescu’ National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 011233 Bucharest, Romania
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22
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Fredriksen S, de Warle S, van Baarlen P, Boekhorst J, Wells JM. Resistome expansion in disease-associated human gut microbiomes. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:166. [PMID: 37507809 PMCID: PMC10386251 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01610-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The resistome, the collection of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in a microbiome, is increasingly recognised as relevant to the development of clinically relevant antibiotic resistance. Many metagenomic studies have reported resistome differences between groups, often in connection with disease and/or antibiotic treatment. However, the consistency of resistome associations with antibiotic- and non-antibiotic-treated diseases has not been established. In this study, we re-analysed human gut microbiome data from 26 case-control studies to assess the link between disease and the resistome. RESULTS The human gut resistome is highly variable between individuals both within and between studies, but may also vary significantly between case and control groups even in the absence of large taxonomic differences. We found that for diseases commonly treated with antibiotics, namely cystic fibrosis and diarrhoea, patient microbiomes had significantly elevated ARG abundances compared to controls. Disease-associated resistome expansion was found even when ARG abundance was high in controls, suggesting ongoing and additive ARG acquisition in disease-associated strains. We also found a trend for increased ARG abundance in cases from some studies on diseases that are not treated with antibiotics, such as colorectal cancer. CONCLUSIONS Diseases commonly treated with antibiotics are associated with expanded gut resistomes, suggesting that historical exposure to antibiotics has exerted considerable selective pressure for ARG acquisition in disease-associated strains. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simen Fredriksen
- Host-Microbe Interactomics Group, Animal Sciences Department, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Stef de Warle
- Host-Microbe Interactomics Group, Animal Sciences Department, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter van Baarlen
- Host-Microbe Interactomics Group, Animal Sciences Department, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Boekhorst
- Host-Microbe Interactomics Group, Animal Sciences Department, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jerry M Wells
- Host-Microbe Interactomics Group, Animal Sciences Department, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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23
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Huang X, Liu Y, Wang Q, Rehman HM, Horváth D, Zhou S, Fu R, Zhang L, Szöllősi AG, Li Z. Brief literature review and comprehensive bioinformatics analytics unravel the potential mechanism of curcumin in the treatment of periodontitis. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:469. [PMID: 37422651 PMCID: PMC10329799 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03181-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Periodontitis is a chronic oral disease prevalent worldwide, and natural products are recommended as adjunctive therapy due to their minor side effects. Curcumin, a widely used ancient compound, has been reported to possess therapeutic effects in periodontitis. However, the exact mechanism underlying its activity remains unclear. In this context, the present study aimed to conduct computational simulations to uncover the potential mechanism of action of Curcumin in the treatment of periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Single-cell analysis was conducted using a dataset (i.e., GSE164241) curated from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database through an R package "Seurat package." Bulk RNA sequencing data were curated from GSE10334 and GSE16134 and processed by R package "Limma." Then, the marker genes in the single-cell transcriptome and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the bulk transcriptome were integrated. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) analyses were also carried out to reveal their functionalities. Key targets were mined from their protein-protein interaction (PPI) network topologically. Afterward, molecular docking was performed. The top-ranked pose was subjected to molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the stability of the docking result. RESULTS FOS, CXCL1, CXCL8, and IL1B, were filtered after a series of selected processes. The results of molecular modeling suggested that except for IL1B, the Vena Scores of the rest exceeded -5 kcal/mol. Furthermore, the molecular dynamic simulation indicated that the binding of the CXCL8-Curcumin complex was stable over the entire 100 ns simulation. CONCLUSION The present study unlocked the binding modes of CXCL1, FOS, and CXCL8 with the Curcumin molecule, which were relatively stable, especially for CXCL8, hindering its promising potential to serve as the critical targets of Curcumin in periodontitis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufeng Huang
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Immunology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Sixth Medical Center, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Hafiz Muzzammel Rehman
- School of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, LahorePunjab, 54590 Pakistan
- Alnoorians Group of Institutes, 55-Elahi Bukhsh Park, Amir Road, Shad Bagh, Lahore, 54000 Pakistan
| | - Dorottya Horváth
- Department of Immunology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Shujing Zhou
- Department of Immunology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Rao Fu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Zhengrui Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
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24
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Chau KK, Goodall T, Bowes M, Easterbrook K, Brett H, Hughes J, Crook DW, Read DS, Walker AS, Stoesser N. High-resolution characterization of short-term temporal variability in the taxonomic and resistome composition of wastewater influent. Microb Genom 2023; 9. [PMID: 37145848 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) for population-level surveillance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is gaining significant traction, but the impact of wastewater sampling methods on results is unclear. In this study, we characterized taxonomic and resistome differences between single-timepoint-grab and 24 h composites of wastewater influent from a large UK-based wastewater treatment work [WWTW (population equivalent: 223 435)]. We autosampled hourly influent grab samples (n=72) over three consecutive weekdays, and prepared additional 24 h composites (n=3) from respective grabs. For taxonomic profiling, metagenomic DNA was extracted from all samples and 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed. One composite and six grabs from day 1 underwent metagenomic sequencing for metagenomic dissimilarity estimation and resistome profiling. Taxonomic abundances of phyla varied significantly across hourly grab samples but followed a repeating diurnal pattern for all 3 days. Hierarchical clustering grouped grab samples into four time periods dissimilar in both 16S rRNA gene-based profiles and metagenomic distances. 24H-composites resembled mean daily phyla abundances and showed low variability of taxonomic profiles. Of the 122 AMR gene families (AGFs) identified across all day 1 samples, single grab samples identified a median of six (IQR: 5-8) AGFs not seen in the composite. However, 36/36 of these hits were at lateral coverage <0.5 (median: 0.19; interquartile range: 0.16-0.22) and potential false positives. Conversely, the 24H-composite identified three AGFs not seen in any grab with higher lateral coverage (0.82; 0.55-0.84). Additionally, several clinically significant human AGFs (bla VIM, bla IMP, bla KPC) were intermittently or completely missed by grab sampling but captured by the 24 h composite. Wastewater influent undergoes significant taxonomic and resistome changes on short timescales potentially affecting interpretation of results based on sampling strategy. Grab samples are more convenient and potentially capture low-prevalence/transient targets but are less comprehensive and temporally variable. Therefore, we recommend 24H-composite sampling where feasible. Further validation and optimization of WBE methods is vital for its development into a robust AMR surveillance approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin K Chau
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Headington, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, University of Oxford in partnership with Public Health England, Oxford, UK
| | - T Goodall
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, MacLean Bldg, Benson Ln, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, OX10 8BB, UK
| | - M Bowes
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, MacLean Bldg, Benson Ln, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, OX10 8BB, UK
| | - K Easterbrook
- Thames Water, Clearwater Court, Vastern Road, Reading, RG1 8DB, UK
| | - H Brett
- Thames Water, Clearwater Court, Vastern Road, Reading, RG1 8DB, UK
| | - J Hughes
- Thames Water, Clearwater Court, Vastern Road, Reading, RG1 8DB, UK
| | - D W Crook
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Headington, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, University of Oxford in partnership with Public Health England, Oxford, UK
- Department of Microbiology/Infectious diseases, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Headington, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, The Joint Research Office, Second Floor, OUH Cowley, Unipart House Business Centre, Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2PG, UK
| | - D S Read
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, MacLean Bldg, Benson Ln, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, OX10 8BB, UK
| | - A S Walker
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Headington, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, University of Oxford in partnership with Public Health England, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, The Joint Research Office, Second Floor, OUH Cowley, Unipart House Business Centre, Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2PG, UK
| | - N Stoesser
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Headington, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, University of Oxford in partnership with Public Health England, Oxford, UK
- Department of Microbiology/Infectious diseases, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Headington, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, The Joint Research Office, Second Floor, OUH Cowley, Unipart House Business Centre, Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2PG, UK
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Huang S, Eze UA. Awareness and Knowledge of Antimicrobial Resistance, Antimicrobial Stewardship and Barriers to Implementing Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing among Medical Laboratory Scientists in Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Study. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12050815. [PMID: 37237717 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12050815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is now considered one of the greatest global health threats. This is further compounded by a lack of new antibiotics in development. Antimicrobial stewardship programmes can improve and optimize the use of antibiotics, thereby increasing the cure rates of antibiotic treatment and decreasing the problem of AMR. In addition, diagnostic and antimicrobial stewardships in the pathology laboratories are useful tools to guide clinicians on patient treatment and to stop the inappropriate use of antibiotics in empirical treatment or narrow antibiotics. Medical Laboratory Scientists are at the forefront of performing antibiotics susceptibility testing in pathology laboratories, thereby helping clinicians to select the appropriate antibiotics for patients suffering from bacterial infections. Methods: This cross-sectional study surveyed personal antimicrobial usage, the knowledge and awareness on AMR, and antimicrobial stewardship, as well as barriers to antimicrobial susceptibility testing among medical laboratory scientists in Nigeria using pre-tested and validated questionnaires administered online. The raw data were summarized and exported in Microsoft Excel and further analyzed using IBM SPSS version 26. Results: Most of the respondents were males (72%) and 25-35 years old (60%). In addition, the BMLS degree was the highest education qualification most of the respondents (70%) achieved. Of the 59.2% of the respondents involved in antibiotics susceptibility testing, the disc diffusion method was the most commonly used (67.2%), followed by PCR/Genome-based detection (5.2%). Only a small percentage of respondents used the E-test (3.4%). The high cost of testing, inadequate laboratory infrastructure, and a lack of skilled personnel are the major barriers to performing antibiotics susceptibility testing. A higher proportion of a good AMR knowledge level was observed in male respondents (75%) than females (42.9%). The knowledge level was associated with the respondent's gender (p = 0.048), while respondents with a master's degree were more likely to possess a good knowledge level of AMR (OR: 1.69; 95% CI: 0.33, 8.61). Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that Nigerian medical laboratory scientists had moderate awareness of AMR and antibiotic stewardship. It is necessary to increase investments in laboratory infrastructure and manpower training, as well as set up an antimicrobial stewardship programme to ensure widespread antibiotics susceptibility testing in hospitals, thereby decreasing empirical treatment and the misuse of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
| | - Ukpai A Eze
- Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
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Lin C, Zeng Y, Zhu Z, Liao J, Yang T, Liu Y, Wei H, Li J, Ma J, Wu X, Lin G, Lin L, Chen L, Huang H, Chen W, Wang J, Wen F, Lin M. A Rapid Antimicrobial Resistance Diagnostic Platform for Staphylococcus aureus Using Recombinase Polymerase Amplification. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0447622. [PMID: 36975799 PMCID: PMC10100846 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04476-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has posed a global threat to public health. The Staphylococcus aureus strains have especially developed AMR to practically all antimicrobial medications. There is an unmet need for rapid and accurate detection of the S. aureus AMR. In this study, we developed two versions of recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), the fluorescent signal monitoring and lateral flow dipstick, for detecting the clinically relevant AMR genes retained by S. aureus isolates and simultaneously identifying such isolates at the species level. The sensitivity and specificity were validated with clinical samples. Our results showed that this RPA tool was able to detect antibiotic resistance for all the 54 collected S. aureus isolates with high sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy (all higher than 92%). Moreover, results of the RPA tool are 100% consistent with that of PCR. In sum, we successfully developed a rapid and accurate AMR diagnostic platform for S. aureus. The RPA might be used as an effective diagnostic test in clinical microbiology laboratories to improve the design and application of antibiotic therapy. IMPORTANCE Staphylococcus aureus is a species of Staphylococcus and belongs to Gram-positive. Meanwhile, S. aureus remains one of the most common nosocomial and community-acquired infections, causing blood flow, skin, soft tissue, and lower respiratory tract infections. The identification of the particular nuc gene and the other eight genes of drug-resistant S. aureus can reliably and quickly diagnose the illness, allowing doctors to prescribe treatment regimens sooner. The detection target in this work is a particular gene of S. aureus, and a POCT is built to simultaneously recognize S. aureus and analyze genes representing four common antibiotic families. We developed and assessed a rapid and on-site diagnostic platform for the specific and sensitive detection of S. aureus. This method allows the determination of S. aureus infection and 10 different AMR genes representing four different families of antibiotics within 40 min. It was easily adaptable in low-resource circumstances and professional-lacking circumstances. It should be supported in overcoming the continuous difficulty of drug-resistant S. aureus infections, which is a shortage of diagnostic tools that can swiftly detect infectious bacteria and numerous antibiotic resistance indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuangxing Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, China Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongmei Zeng
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhihong Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiayu Liao
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tiandan Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaqun Liu
- School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huagui Wei
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiamin Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jibin Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guangyu Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liyun Lin
- School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liying Chen
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
| | - Huiying Huang
- School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weizhong Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Chaozhou People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shantou University Medical College, Chaozhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Junli Wang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
| | - Feiqiu Wen
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, China Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Lin
- School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, Guangdong, China
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
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Patry A, Bothorel P, Labrunie A, Renesme L, Lehours P, Benard M, Dubois D, Ponthier L, Meyer S, Norbert K, Villeneuve L, Jouvencel P, Leysenne D, Chainier D, Luce S, Grélaud C, Ploy MC, Bedu A, Garnier F. Dynamics of the digestive acquisition of bacterial carriage and integron presence by French preterm newborns according to maternal colonization: The DAIR3N multicentric study. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1148319. [PMID: 36998410 PMCID: PMC10043237 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1148319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
ObjectivesThe study aimed to describe the dynamics and risk factors of Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) acquisition in preterm infants.MethodsThis prospective multicenter French study included mothers hospitalized for preterm delivery and their newborns, followed until hospital discharge. Maternal feces and vaginal fluids at delivery, and neonatal feces from birth to discharge were tested for cultivable GNB, potential acquired resistance, and integrons. The primary outcome was the acquisition of GNB and integrons in neonatal feces, and their dynamics, evaluated by survival analysis using the actuarial method. Risk factors were analyzed using Cox models.ResultsTwo hundred thirty-eight evaluable preterm dyads were included by five different centers over 16 months. GNB were isolated in 32.6% of vaginal samples, with 15.4% of strains producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) or hyperproducing cephalosporinase (HCase), and in 96.2% of maternal feces, with 7.8% ESBL-GNB or HCase-GNB. Integrons were detected in 40.2% of feces and 10.6% of GNB strains. The mean (SD) length of stay of newborns was 39.5 (15.9) days; 4 died in the hospital. At least one infection episode occurred in 36.1% of newborns. The acquisition of GNB and integrons was progressive from birth to discharge. At discharge, half of newborns had ESBL-GNB or HCase-GNB, independently favored by a premature rupture of membranes (Hazard Ratio (HR), 3.41, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.71; 6.81), and 25.6% had integrons (protective factor: multiple gestation, HR, 0.367, 95% CI, 0.195; 0.693).ConclusionIn preterm newborns, the acquisitions of GNB, including resistant ones, and integrons are progressive from birth to discharge. A premature rupture of membranes favored the colonization by ESBL-GNB or Hcase-GNB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Patry
- INSERM UMR, Limoges University, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges, France
| | - Philippe Bothorel
- Department of Pediatrics, Mother-Child Hospital, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges, France
| | - Anaïs Labrunie
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Research Methodology Centre (CEBIMER), Limoges University Hospital, Limoges, France
| | - Laurent Renesme
- Department of Pediatrics, Neonatology and Maternity Unit, Pellegrin University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Philippe Lehours
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Pellegrin University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Melinda Benard
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Damien Dubois
- Bacteriology and Hygiene Department, Federative Institute of Biology, CHU Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Laure Ponthier
- Department of Pediatrics, Mother-Child Hospital, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges, France
| | - Sylvain Meyer
- INSERM UMR, Limoges University, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges, France
| | | | | | - Philippe Jouvencel
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, « Côte Basque » Hospital, Bayonne, France
| | - David Leysenne
- Microbiology Laboratory, « Côte Basque » Hospital, Bayonne, France
| | - Delphine Chainier
- INSERM UMR, Limoges University, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges, France
| | - Sandrine Luce
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Research Methodology Centre (CEBIMER), Limoges University Hospital, Limoges, France
| | - Carole Grélaud
- INSERM UMR, Limoges University, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges, France
| | - Marie-Cecile Ploy
- INSERM UMR, Limoges University, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges, France
| | - Antoine Bedu
- Department of Pediatrics, Mother-Child Hospital, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges, France
| | - Fabien Garnier
- INSERM UMR, Limoges University, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges, France
- *Correspondence: Fabien Garnier,
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Despotovic M, de Nies L, Busi SB, Wilmes P. Reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance in the context of One Health. Curr Opin Microbiol 2023; 73:102291. [PMID: 36913905 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2023.102291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and resistant bacteria, are a global public health challenge. Through horizontal gene transfer, potential pathogens can acquire antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) that can subsequently be spread between human, animal, and environmental reservoirs. To understand the dissemination of ARGs and linked microbial taxa, it is necessary to map the resistome within different microbial reservoirs. By integrating knowledge on ARGs in the different reservoirs, the One Health approach is crucial to our understanding of the complex mechanisms and epidemiology of AMR. Here, we highlight the latest insights into the emergence and spread of AMR from the One Health perspective, providing a baseline of understanding for future scientific investigations into this constantly growing global health threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Despotovic
- Systems Ecology Group, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, 7 Avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Laura de Nies
- Systems Ecology Group, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, 7 Avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Susheel Bhanu Busi
- Systems Ecology Group, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, 7 Avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Paul Wilmes
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, 6, avenue du Swing, Belvaux, L-4367, Luxembourg.
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Knowledge and Attitudes of Small Animal Veterinarians on Antimicrobial Use Practices Impacting the Selection of Antimicrobial Resistance in Dogs and Cats in Illinois, United States: A Spatial Epidemiological Approach. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12030542. [PMID: 36978409 PMCID: PMC10044024 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12030542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Inappropriate antimicrobial use in animals and humans has been associated with the emergence of antimicrobial resistance, which has become a global public health concern. Veterinarians’ practice locations and their knowledge and opinions on antimicrobial resistance may influence their antimicrobial prescription practices, which could impact the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. This study used a spatial modeling approach to identify areas where veterinarians are knowledgeable about factors that impact the selection of antimicrobial resistance. In addition, we sought to identify regions with higher- and lower-than-expected response rates to our survey to aid future antimicrobial stewardship efforts. A total of 83 veterinarians who treated dogs and/or cats across 34 different Illinois counties responded to our online survey. Most of the responders (90.9%) considered that insufficient doses or duration of antibiotic treatments contribute the most to the selection of antimicrobial resistance. A high proportion of veterinarians (78.7%) attended educational programs on antimicrobial use and resistance; however, only 46.2% were knowledgeable about the current antimicrobial resistance profiles of prevalent bacteria in their area. A mean knowledge score for each county was calculated based on the responses of veterinarians to the survey questions. Local Moran’s I statistic was used to identify counties with high and low knowledge scores. A high knowledge score area in the northeast region and a low knowledge score area in the southeast of Illinois were identified. Using scan statistics with a Poisson model that accounted for the estimated number of veterinarians in a county, a higher-than-expected response rate area was identified in central-east Illinois and a lower-than-expected area in the northeast. This study showed the effectiveness of using geographic analysis and spatial statistics to identify locations where future antimicrobial stewardship programs should focus.
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Raoofi R, Namavari N, Rahmanian V, Dousthaghi MH. Evaluation of antibiotics resistance in Southern Iran in light of COVID-19 pandemic: A retrospective observational study. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1153. [PMID: 36938144 PMCID: PMC10017310 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) was taken as one of the high-priority long-lasting public health issues, although it might have been underrated in terms of COVID-19 pandemic emergence. Regarding limited data on assessing the pandemic effect on AMR trend in Iran, this study aimed to describe the epidemiology of antibiotics resistance during the COVID pandemic in southern Iran. Methods This descriptive study was conducted on 2675 patients' samples collected and processed in a referral COVID-19 center hospital in southern Iran from March 21, 2019, to February 18, 2020 (prepandemic), and February 19, 2020, to March 21, 2021 (pandemic). Susceptibility test results in sensitivity and resistance levels were compared in prepandemic and pandemic periods. Results Compared to prepandemic, the inpatient number has increased almost three times. On the other hand, there are around four times fewer outpatients now. More than 85% of the specimens were found in urine samples. In all, 92.22% of all bacteria samples were Gram-negative isolates, with Escherichia coli accounting for 59.19% of them. The change rate of Gram-negative bacteria resistance to antimicrobials is an average of 7.74% (p < 0.001). On the other hand, the average change rate of Gram-positive bacteria resistant to antibiotics has decreased by 19.3% (p = 008). As a forerunner among other Gram-negative bacteria, the average change rate for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumonia resistance to monitored antibiotics was 89% and 66.3%, respectively (p < 0.001). Conclusion During the Covid-19 pandemic, the increase in AMR among Gram-negative bacteria, particularly P. aeruginosa and K. pneumonia, was observed compared to the prepandemic. This further limits treatment options, and endangers global public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahim Raoofi
- School of Medicine, Department of Infectious DiseasesJahrom University of Medical SciencesJahromIran
| | - Negin Namavari
- School of MedicineJahrom University of Medical ScienceJahromIran
| | - Vahid Rahmanian
- Department of Public HealthTorbat Jam Faculty of Medical SciencesTorbat JamIran
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Hays MR, Kildow BJ, Hartman CW, Lyden ER, Springer BD, Fehring TK, Garvin KL. Increased Incidence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Knee and Hip Prosthetic Joint Infection. J Arthroplasty 2023; 38:S326-S330. [PMID: 36813212 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2023.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a devastating complication of knee and hip arthroplasty. Past literature has shown that gram-positive bacteria are commonly responsible for these infections, although limited research exists studying the changes in the microbial profile of PJIs over time. This study sought to analyze the incidence and trends of pathogens responsible for PJI over three decades. METHODS This is a multi-institutional retrospective review of patients who had a knee or hip PJI from 1990 to 2020. Patients with a known causative organism were included and those with insufficient culture sensitivity data were excluded. There were 731 eligible joint infections from 715 patients identified. Organisms were divided into multiple categories based on genus/species and 5-year increments were used to analyze the study period. The Cochran-Armitage trend tests were used to evaluate linear trends in microbial profile over time and a P-value <.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS There was a statistically significant positive linear trend in the incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus over time (P = .0088) as well as a statistically significant negative linear trend in the incidence of coagulase-negative staphylococci over time (P = .0018). There was no statistical significance between organism and affected joint (knee/hip). CONCLUSION The incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus PJI is increasing over time, whereas, coagulase-negative staphylococci PJI is decreasing, paralleling the global trend of antibiotic resistance. Identifying these trends may help with the prevention and treatment of PJI through methods such as remodeling perioperative protocols, modifying prophylactic/empiric antimicrobial approaches, or transitioning to alternative therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Hays
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Beau J Kildow
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Curtis W Hartman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Elizabeth R Lyden
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | | | | | - Kevin L Garvin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
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Rystedt K, Edquist P, Giske CG, Hedin K, Tyrstrup M, Ståhlgren GS, Sundvall PD, Edlund C. Effects of penicillin V on the faecal microbiota in patients with pharyngotonsillitis-an observational study. JAC Antimicrob Resist 2023; 5:dlad006. [PMID: 36816747 PMCID: PMC9931529 DOI: 10.1093/jacamr/dlad006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The intestinal microbiota functions as a reservoir of antibiotic resistance. Objectives To evaluate penicillin V (phenoxymethylpenicillin) effects on the faecal microbiota with focus on beta-lactam resistance. Methods We included 31 primary care patients with group A streptococcal pharyngotonsillitis treated with penicillin V for 5 (800 mg × 4) or 10 days (1000 mg × 3). Twenty-nine patients contributed with three faecal swab samples each. The faecal specimens were collected at the start of penicillin V treatment, after the last dose and at follow-up 7-9 days after completed treatment. Samples were inoculated semiquantitatively on selective screening agar plates to study beta-lactam resistance, species shifts among Enterobacterales and enterococci, and colonization with Candida spp. and Clostridioides difficile. Representative colonies were identified using MALDI-TOF. Results were analysed by non-parametric statistical methods. Results An increase in the proportion of patients colonized with ampicillin-resistant Enterobacterales, from 52% to 86% (P = 0.007), and Enterobacterales with decreased susceptibility to third-generation cephalosporins, from 32% to 52% (P = 0.034), was observed between the first and second samples. This increase was no longer significant at follow-up. New colonization with ampicillin-resistant Enterobacterales species and non-Enterobacterales Gram-negative species was observed, and persisted at follow-up. Conclusions Following treatment with penicillin V, we observed decreased susceptibility to ampicillin and third-generation cephalosporins, and prolonged colonization with non-Escherichia coli Gram-negative species. These findings challenge the perception that penicillin V has limited ecological effect on the intestinal microbiota, and emphasizes the importance of avoiding even narrow-spectrum antimicrobials when possible.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Petra Edquist
- The Public Health Agency of Sweden (PHAS), Solna 171 82, Sweden
| | - Christian G Giske
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katarina Hedin
- Futurum, Region Jönköping County, and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping,Sweden,Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Family Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Mia Tyrstrup
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Family Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Pär-Daniel Sundvall
- General Practice/Family Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 454, Gothenburg SE-405 30, Sweden,Research, Education, Development & Innovation, Primary Health Care, Region Västra Götaland, Västra Götaland, Sweden,Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research (CARe) at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Morris JM, Mercoulia K, Valcanis M, Gorrie CL, Sherry NL, Howden BP. Hidden Resistances: How Routine Whole-Genome Sequencing Uncovered an Otherwise Undetected blaNDM-1 Gene in Vibrio alginolyticus from Imported Seafood. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0417622. [PMID: 36602387 PMCID: PMC9927303 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04176-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio alginolyticus causes vibriosis of marine vertebrates, invertebrates, and humans, and while there have been several reports of multidrug resistance in V. alginolyticus, carbapenem resistance is rare. V. alginolyticus strain AUSMDU00064140 was isolated in Melbourne, Australia, from imported prawns. Routine genomic surveillance detected the presence of a full-length blaNDM-1 gene, subsequently shown to be collocated with additional acquired antimicrobial resistance genes on a resistance cassette on the largest chromosome, flanked by mobilization gene annotations. Comparisons to a previously described V. alginolyticus plasmid, pC1349, revealed differing gene content and arrangements between the resistance cassettes. Phylogenetic analysis was performed against a local and global data set (n = 109), demonstrating that AUSMDU00064140 was distinct and did not cluster with any other strains. Despite the presence of the complete blaNDM-1 gene and positive phenotypic assays for carbapenemase production, carbapenem MICs were low (meropenem MIC ≤0.5 mg/liter). However, it is still possible that this gene may be transferred to another species in the environment or a host, causing phenotypic carbapenem resistance and presenting a risk of great public health concern. IMPORTANCE Carbapenems are last-line antimicrobials, vital for use in human medicine. Antimicrobial resistance determinants such as blaNDM (New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase producing) genes conferring resistance to the carbapenem class of antimicrobials, are typically found in Enterobacterales (first described in 2009 from a Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate). Our study shows that Vibrio alginolyticus isolated from cooked prawn is able to harbor antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes of public health concern, specifically a chromosomally located blaNDM-1 gene, and there is the potential for transmission of resistance genes. This may be linked with antimicrobial use in low- and middle-income settings, which has typically been high, unregulated, or not reported. Many countries, including Thailand, have implemented national strategic plans to incorporate the World Health Organization (WHO)'s Global Action Plan (2015) recommendations of a global One Health approach, including increased resources for surveillance of antimicrobial usage and AMR; however, efficient antimicrobial surveillance systems incorporating genomic and phenotypic testing of isolates are still lacking in many jurisdictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M. Morris
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karolina Mercoulia
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mary Valcanis
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Claire L. Gorrie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Norelle L. Sherry
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Benjamin P. Howden
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Buberg ML, Wasteson Y, Lindstedt BA, Witsø IL. In vitro digestion of ESC-resistant Escherichia coli from poultry meat and evaluation of human health risk. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1050143. [PMID: 36846779 PMCID: PMC9947789 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1050143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a threat against human and animal health. Third and fourth generation cephalosporins have been defined as critically important antimicrobials by The World Health Organization. Exposure to Extended spectrum cephalosporin-resistant E. coli may result in consumers becoming carriers if these bacteria colonize the human gut or their resistance genes spread to other bacteria in the gut microbiota. In the case that these resistant bacteria at later occasions cause disease, their resistance characteristics may lead to failure of treatment and increased mortality. We hypothesized that ESC-resistant E. coli from poultry can survive digestion and thereby cause infections and/or spread their respective resistance traits within the gastro-intestinal tract. Methods In this study, a selection of 31 ESC-resistant E. coli isolates from retail chicken meat was exposed to a static in vitro digestion model (INFOGEST). Their survival, alteration of colonizing characteristics in addition to conjugational abilities were investigated before and after digestion. Whole genome data from all isolates were screened through a custom-made virulence database of over 1100 genes for virulence- and colonizing factors. Results and discussion All isolates were able to survive digestion. Most of the isolates (24/31) were able to transfer their bla CMY2-containing plasmid to E. coli DH5-á, with a general decline in conjugation frequency of digested isolates compared to non-digested. Overall, the isolates showed a higher degree of cell adhesion than cell invasion, with a slight increase after digestion compared non-digested, except for three isolates that displayed a major increase of invasion. These isolates also harbored genes facilitating invasion. In the virulence-associated gene analysis two isolates were categorized as UPEC, and one isolate was considered a hybrid pathogen. Altogether the pathogenic potential of these isolates is highly dependent on the individual isolate and its characteristics. Poultry meat may represent a reservoir and be a vehicle for dissemination of potential human pathogens and resistance determinants, and the ESC-resistance may complicate treatment in the case of an infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Linn Buberg
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Yngvild Wasteson
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Bjørn Arne Lindstedt
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Ingun Lund Witsø
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway,*Correspondence: Ingun Lund Witsø ✉
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Prevalence and Antibiogram Pattern of Klebsiella pneumoniae in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Makkah, Saudi Arabia: An 11-Year Experience. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12010164. [PMID: 36671365 PMCID: PMC9854758 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious disease is one of the greatest causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and with the emergence of antimicrobial resistance, the situation is worsening. In order to prevent this crisis, antimicrobial resistance needs to be monitored carefully to control the spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of infection caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae and investigate the antimicrobial profile pattern of K. pneumoniae in the last eleven years. This retrospective study was conducted in a tertiary hospital in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Data were collected from January 2011 to December 2021. From 2011 to 2021, a total of 61,027 bacterial isolates were collected from clinical samples, among which 14.7% (n = 9014) were K. pneumoniae. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern of K. pneumoniae revealed a significant increase in the resistance rate in most tested antibiotics during the study period. A marked jump in the resistance rate was seen in amoxicillin/clavulanate and piperacillin/tazobactam, from 33.6% and 13.6% in 2011 to 71.4% and 84.9% in 2021, respectively. Ceftazidime, cefotaxime, and cefepime resistance rates increased from 29.9%, 26.2%, and 53.9%, respectively, in 2011 to become 84.9%, 85.1%, and 85.8% in 2021. Moreover, a significant increase in the resistance rate was seen in both imipenem and amikacin, with an average resistance rate rise from 6.6% for imipenem and 11.9% for amikacin in 2011 to 59.9% and 62.2% in 2021, respectively. The present study showed that the prevalence and drug resistance of K. pneumoniae increased over the study period. Thus, preventing hospital-acquired infection and the reasonable use of antibiotics must be implemented to control and reduce antimicrobial resistance.
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Mwansa M, Mukuma M, Mulilo E, Kwenda G, Mainda G, Yamba K, Bumbangi FN, Muligisa-Muonga E, Phiri N, Silwamba I, Muma JB. Determination of antimicrobial resistance patterns of Escherichia coli isolates from farm workers in broiler poultry production and assessment of antibiotic resistance awareness levels among poultry farmers in Lusaka, Zambia. Front Public Health 2023; 10:998860. [PMID: 36703831 PMCID: PMC9871586 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.998860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The challenges posed by antibiotic-resistant pathogens have continued to increase worldwide, particularly in resource-limited countries. Human-livestock interactions are implicated in the complex AMR causal web. A cross-sectional study was conducted in four districts of Lusaka Province, Zambia to determine the antibiotic resistance patterns, ESBL production of E. coli isolated from stool samples of broiler poultry farm workers, and to assess poultry farmers' antibiotic resistance awareness. Sixty-six human stool samples were collected and processed for E. coli isolation, antibiotic resistance testing, and screened for ESBL production. In addition, 80 farmers were assessed for their level of awareness on antibiotic resistance. A total of 58 single E. coli isolates were obtained which showed high (87.9%) resistance to tetracycline, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (48.3%), and ampicillin (46.8%); followed by nalidixic acid (19.0%), ciprofloxacin (12.1%), cefotaxime (8.6%) and chloramphenicol (5.2%). The prevalence of AMR E. coli was 67.2%, and 29.3% were MDR. Two (3.4%) isolates were identified to be ESBL producers, harboring the CTX-M gene. The study results also showed that broiler farmers were aware and knowledgeable of antibiotic resistance, although knowledge about its impact on human health was low. This study demonstrated the presence of resistant and ESBL producing E. coli among poultry farm workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mwaba Mwansa
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Michael Chilufya Sata School of Medicine, Copperbelt University, Ndola, Zambia
| | - Mercy Mukuma
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Esther Mulilo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Geoffrey Kwenda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Geoffrey Mainda
- Department of Veterinary Services, Public Health Unit, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Kaunda Yamba
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University Teaching Hospitals, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Flavien Nsoni Bumbangi
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Studies, School of Medicine, Eden University, Lusaka, Zambia
| | | | - Nelson Phiri
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Eden University, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Isaac Silwamba
- Livestock Services Cooperative Society, Department of Laboratory and Diagnostics, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - John Bwalya Muma
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
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Fan X, Tsui CKM, Chen X, Wang P, Liu ZJ, Yang CX. High prevalence of fluconazole resistant Candida tropicalis among candiduria samples in China: An ignored matter of concern. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1125241. [PMID: 36937265 PMCID: PMC10017723 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1125241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The rapid rise of azole resistance in Candida tropicalis causing invasive infections has become a public health concern; however, the prevalence of resistant isolates in urine samples was not well studied, because the clinical significance of candiduria was not unambiguous due to possible host colonization. Methods We performed a 12-year laboratory-based surveillance study of C. tropicalis causing either invasive infection or candiduria and studied their susceptibility profiles to common antifungal drugs. The complete coding domain sequence of the ERG11 gene was amplified in all fluconazole resistant isolates, and aligned with the wild-type sequence to detect nucleotide mutations. Results A total of 519 unique C. tropicalis strains isolates, 69.9% of which were isolated from urine samples and remaining 30.1% were invasive strains. Overall, 16.5% isolates were confirmed to be resistant to fluconazole, of which 91.9% were cross-resistant voriconazole. Of note, at the beginning of surveillance (2010-2011), the fluconazole resistance rates were low in both candiduria and invasive groups (6.8% and 5.9%, respectively). However, the resistant rate in the candiduria group significantly increased to 29.5% since 2012-2013 (p = 0.001) and stayed high since then, whilst the resistance rate in the invasive group only showed a gradually increasing trends till 2021 (p > 0.05). Sequence analysis of ERG11 from fluconazole-resistant strains revealed the prevalence of A395T/W mutations were relatively low (16.7%) in the beginning but reached 87.5-100% after 2014. Moreover, the A395W heterozygous mutation isolates became predominant (>60% of resistant strains) after 2016, and indeed isolates carrying corresponding amino acid substitution (Y132F) was highly resistant to fluconazole with MIC50 exceeded 256 μg/ml. Conclusion Our study revealed high azole resistant rate in candiduria with its increasing trends observed much earlier than stains causing invasive infections. Given antimicrobial resistance as a critical "One Health" issue, the emergence of antifungal resistance in Candida species that are common commensal colonizers in the human body should be concerned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Clement K. M. Tsui
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen-jia Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhen-jia Liu,
| | - Chun-xia Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Chun-xia Yang,
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Antibiotic-resistant bacteria originating from the gut may modulate the mucosal immune response during sepsis and septic shock. Drug Target Insights 2022; 16:81-87. [PMID: 36755640 PMCID: PMC9886009 DOI: 10.33393/dti.2022.2520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The enrichment and diversity of gut microbiota play an important role in sepsis, but the role of gut microbiota composition and early-life colonization in sepsis and septic shock has not yet been characterized. The impact of gut microbiota diversity on host immunological disorders and future treatments of inflammatory diseases are not yet fully elucidated. Further, the association between the microbiota and immune development in sepsis remains unknown, and the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. The altered composition of gut microbiota during sepsis is profoundly associated with a loss of commensal bacteria and an overgrowth of potentially pathogenic bacteria, especially AMR bacteria. Disruptions of gut microbiota diversity are directly associated with susceptibility to sepsis and a higher risk of adverse outcomes. Several studies have confirmed that a mutual association between gut microbiota and the host is important for the metabolism of essential nutrients for the organism, for gut development, and for the maturation and development of a fully functional immune system. Therefore, understanding the gut microbiota diversity, composition, and function during various inflammatory conditions and sepsis may provide a comprehensive knowledge of the mechanisms behind the pathogenesis of gut-derived infection in diseases and the design of new treatment options (e.g., probiotics or fecal microbiota transplantation). Emerging evidence displays an important role of gut microbiota and their derived metabolites in modulating the host mucosal immune response and determining the susceptibility to, as well as outcomes of sepsis.
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Doster E, Pinnell LJ, Noyes NR, Parker JK, Anderson CA, Booker CW, Hannon SJ, McAllister TA, Gow SP, Belk KE, Morley PS. Evaluating the effects of antimicrobial drug use on the ecology of antimicrobial resistance and microbial community structure in beef feedlot cattle. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:970358. [PMID: 36583056 PMCID: PMC9792868 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.970358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Use of antimicrobial drugs (AMDs) in food producing animals has received increasing scrutiny because of concerns about antimicrobial resistance (AMR) that might affect consumers. Previously, investigations regarding AMR have focused largely on phenotypes of selected pathogens and indicator bacteria, such as Salmonella enterica or Escherichia coli. However, genes conferring AMR are known to be distributed and shared throughout microbial communities. The objectives of this study were to employ target-enriched metagenomic sequencing and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to investigate the effects of AMD use, in the context of other management and environmental factors, on the resistome and microbiome in beef feedlot cattle. Methods This study leveraged samples collected during a previous longitudinal study of cattle at beef feedlots in Canada. This included fecal samples collected from randomly selected individual cattle, as well as composite-fecal samples from randomly selected pens of cattle. All AMD use was recorded and characterized across different drug classes using animal defined daily dose (ADD) metrics. Results Overall, fecal resistome composition was dominated by genes conferring resistance to tetracycline and macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (MLS) drug classes. The diversity of bacterial phyla was greater early in the feeding period and decreased over time in the feedlot. This decrease in diversity occurred concurrently as the microbiome represented in different individuals and different pens shifted toward a similar composition dominated by Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. Some antimicrobial drug exposures in individuals and groups were associated with explaining a statistically significant proportion of the variance in the resistome, but the amount of variance explained by these important factors was very small (<0.6% variance each), and smaller than associations with other factors measured in this study such as time and feedlot ID. Time in the feedlot was associated with greater changes in the resistome for both individual animals and composite pen-floor samples, although the proportion of the variance associated with this factor was small (2.4% and 1.2%, respectively). Discussion Results of this study are consistent with other investigations showing that, compared to other factors, AMD exposures did not have strong effects on antimicrobial resistance or the fecal microbial ecology of beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Doster
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States,Veterinary Education, Research, and Outreach Program, Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX, United States
| | - Lee J. Pinnell
- Veterinary Education, Research, and Outreach Program, Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX, United States
| | - Noelle R. Noyes
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Jennifer K. Parker
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Cameron A. Anderson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | | | | | | | - Sheryl P. Gow
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Keith E. Belk
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Paul S. Morley
- Veterinary Education, Research, and Outreach Program, Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX, United States,*Correspondence: Paul S. Morley,
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Larson PJ, Zhou W, Santiago A, Driscoll S, Fleming E, Voigt AY, Chun OK, Grady JJ, Kuchel GA, Robison JT, Oh J. Associations of the skin, oral and gut microbiome with aging, frailty and infection risk reservoirs in older adults. NATURE AGING 2022; 2:941-955. [PMID: 36398033 PMCID: PMC9667708 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-022-00287-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Older adults represent a vulnerable population with elevated risk for numerous morbidities. To explore the association of the microbiome with aging and age-related susceptibilities including frailty and infectious disease risk, we conducted a longitudinal study of the skin, oral, and gut microbiota in 47 community- or skilled nursing facility-dwelling older adults vs. younger adults. We found that microbiome changes were not associated with chronological age so much as frailty: we identified prominent changes in microbiome features associated with susceptibility to pathogen colonization and disease risk, including diversity, stability, heterogeneity, and biogeographic determinism, which were moreover associated with a loss of Cutibacterium (C.) acnes in the skin microbiome. Strikingly, the skin microbiota were also the primary reservoir for antimicrobial resistance, clinically important pathobionts, and nosocomial strains, suggesting a potential role particularly for the skin microbiome in disease risk and dissemination of multidrug resistant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. Larson
- UCONN Health (University of Connecticut), Farmington, CT
- The Jackson Laboratory, Farmington, CT
| | - Wei Zhou
- The Jackson Laboratory, Farmington, CT
| | - Alba Santiago
- UCONN Health (University of Connecticut), Farmington, CT
| | - Sarah Driscoll
- UCONN Health (University of Connecticut), Farmington, CT
| | | | | | | | - James J. Grady
- UCONN Health (University of Connecticut), Farmington, CT
| | | | | | - Julia Oh
- The Jackson Laboratory, Farmington, CT
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de Nies L, Busi SB, Kunath BJ, May P, Wilmes P. Mobilome-driven segregation of the resistome in biological wastewater treatment. eLife 2022; 11:81196. [PMID: 36111782 PMCID: PMC9643006 DOI: 10.7554/elife.81196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological wastewater treatment plants (BWWTP) are considered to be hotspots for the evolution and subsequent spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) promote the mobilization and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and are thereby critical mediators of AMR within the BWWTP microbial community. At present, it is unclear whether specific AMR categories are differentially disseminated via bacteriophages (phages) or plasmids. To understand the segregation of AMR in relation to MGEs, we analyzed meta-omic (metagenomic, metatranscriptomic and metaproteomic) data systematically collected over 1.5 years from a BWWTP. Our results showed a core group of 15 AMR categories which were found across all timepoints. Some of these AMR categories were disseminated exclusively (bacitracin) or primarily (aminoglycoside, MLS and sulfonamide) via plasmids or phages (fosfomycin and peptide), whereas others were disseminated equally by both. Combined and timepoint-specific analyses of gene, transcript and protein abundances further demonstrated that aminoglycoside, bacitracin and sulfonamide resistance genes were expressed more by plasmids, in contrast to fosfomycin and peptide AMR expression by phages, thereby validating our genomic findings. In the analyzed communities, the dominant taxon Candidatus Microthrix parvicella was a major contributor to several AMR categories whereby its plasmids primarily mediated aminoglycoside resistance. Importantly, we also found AMR associated with ESKAPEE pathogens within the BWWTP, and here MGEs also contributed differentially to the dissemination of the corresponding ARGs. Collectively our findings pave the way toward understanding the segmentation of AMR within MGEs, thereby shedding new light on resistome populations and their mediators, essential elements that are of immediate relevance to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura de Nies
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg
| | | | | | - Patrick May
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg
| | - Paul Wilmes
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg
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Study of the Antimicrobial Activity of the Chinese Dong Ethnic Minority Medicine, Madeng’ai. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:3678240. [PMID: 35958918 PMCID: PMC9359823 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3678240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The overuse of antibiotics has contributed to the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria, which poses a challenging task for clinical therapy. Thus, new agents with antibiotic efficacy against multidrug-resistant infections are needed. The traditional Dong ethnic minority medicines have emerged as a new source for prodrug selection. Among them, Madeng'ai (PotentillafreynianaBornm) is widely used by the folk for anti-infection and wound healing, although the mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, the antimicrobial activities of Dong medicine Madeng'ai were evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. S. aureus, E. coli, E. faecalis, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, and A. baumannii were cultured in LB media, different concentrations of Madeng'ai powder solution were added to the LB agar plates to evaluate minimal inhibitory concentration. An animal study was performed on a mouse excisional wound model combined with bacterial solution injection in the wound area. After Madeng'ai or PBS treatment, hematoxylin and eosin analysis were used for pathological analysis of skin tissues from the infected area. Madeng'ai powder solution over 2 mg/mL concentration completely inhibited E. coli growth. At 4.0 mg/mL, Madeng'ai significantly inhibited the growth of E. faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAE), Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Acinetobacter baumannii. The mouse model revealed that Madeng'ai could suppress the growth of MRSA and PAE and accelerate healing of cutaneous wounds. Madeng'ai, a newly discovered Dong ethnic minority medicine possesses considerable antimicrobial activity against both human normal pathogenic bacteria and multiresistance bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, S. aureus, and Acinetobacter baumannii. Therefore, Madeng'ai has great potential for further study and clinical application.
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Machado D, Barbosa JC, Almeida D, Andrade JC, Freitas AC, Gomes AM. Insights into the Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of a Next Generation Probiotic Akkermansia muciniphila DSM 22959. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159152. [PMID: 35954507 PMCID: PMC9367757 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Akkermansia muciniphila is a Gram-negative intestinal anaerobic bacterium recently proposed as a novel probiotic candidate to be incorporated in food and pharmaceutical forms. Despite its multiple health benefits, the data addressing its antimicrobial susceptibility profile remain scarce. However, the absence of acquired resistance in probiotic strains is a compulsory criterion for its approval in the qualified presumption of safety list. This study aimed at characterizing the A. muciniphila DSM 22959 strain’s antimicrobial susceptibility profile using phenotypic and in silico approaches. To establish the phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility profile of this strain, minimum inhibitory concentrations of eight antimicrobials were determined using broth microdilution and E-test methods. Additionally, the A. muciniphila DSM 22959 genome was screened using available databases and bioinformatics tools to identify putative antimicrobial resistance genes (ARG), virulence factors (VF), genomic islands (GI), and mobile genetic elements (MGE). The same categorization was obtained for both phenotypic methods. Resistance phenotype was observed for gentamicin, kanamycin, streptomycin, and ciprofloxacin, which was supported by the genomic context. No evidence was found of horizontal acquisition or potential transferability of the identified ARG and VF. Thus, this study provides new insights regarding the phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of the probiotic candidate A. muciniphila DSM 22959.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Machado
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (D.M.); (J.C.B.); (D.A.); (A.C.F.); (A.M.G.)
| | - Joana Cristina Barbosa
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (D.M.); (J.C.B.); (D.A.); (A.C.F.); (A.M.G.)
| | - Diana Almeida
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (D.M.); (J.C.B.); (D.A.); (A.C.F.); (A.M.G.)
| | - José Carlos Andrade
- TOXRUN—Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Ana Cristina Freitas
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (D.M.); (J.C.B.); (D.A.); (A.C.F.); (A.M.G.)
| | - Ana Maria Gomes
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (D.M.); (J.C.B.); (D.A.); (A.C.F.); (A.M.G.)
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Nath A, Bhattacharjee R, Nandi A, Sinha A, Kar S, Manoharan N, Mitra S, Mojumdar A, Panda PK, Patro S, Dutt A, Ahuja R, Verma SK, Suar M. Phage delivered CRISPR-Cas system to combat multidrug-resistant pathogens in gut microbiome. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113122. [PMID: 35594718 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The Host-microbiome interactions that exist inside the gut microbiota operate in a synergistic and abnormal manner. Additionally, the normal homeostasis and functioning of gut microbiota are frequently disrupted by the intervention of Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) pathogens. CRISPR-Cas (CRISPR-associated protein with clustered regularly interspersed short palindromic repeats) recognized as a prokaryotic immune system has emerged as an effective genome-editing tool to edit and delete specific microbial genes for the expulsion of bacteria through bactericidal action. In this review, we demonstrate many functioning CRISPR-Cas systems against the anti-microbial resistance of multiple pathogens, which infiltrate the gastrointestinal tract. Moreover, we discuss the advancement in the development of a phage-delivered CRISPR-Cas system for killing a gut MDR pathogen. We also discuss a combinatorial approach to use bacteriophage as a delivery system for the CRISPR-Cas gene for targeting a pathogenic community in the gut microbiome to resensitize the drug sensitivity. Finally, we discuss engineered phage as a plausible potential option for the CRISPR-Cas system for pathogenic killing and improvement of the efficacy of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Nath
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Rahul Bhattacharjee
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Aditya Nandi
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Adrija Sinha
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Sulagna Kar
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | | | - Shirsajit Mitra
- KaviKrishna Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Abhik Mojumdar
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Pritam Kumar Panda
- Condensed Matter Theory Group, Materials Theory Division, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Swadheena Patro
- KIIT School of Dental Sciences, KIIT University. Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha
| | - Ateet Dutt
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, UNAM, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Rajeev Ahuja
- Condensed Matter Theory Group, Materials Theory Division, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Suresh K Verma
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India; Condensed Matter Theory Group, Materials Theory Division, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Mrutyunjay Suar
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India.
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Shkoporov AN, Turkington CJ, Hill C. Mutualistic interplay between bacteriophages and bacteria in the human gut. Nat Rev Microbiol 2022; 20:737-749. [PMID: 35773472 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-022-00755-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bacteriophages (phages) are often described as obligate predators of their bacterial hosts, and phage predation is one of the leading forces controlling the density and distribution of bacterial populations. Every 48 h half of all bacteria on Earth are killed by phages. Efficient killing also forms the basis of phage therapy in humans and animals and the use of phages as food preservatives. In turn, bacteria have a plethora of resistance systems against phage attack, but very few bacterial species, if any, have entirely escaped phage predation. However, in complex communities and environments such as the human gut, this antagonistic model of attack and counter-defence does not fully describe the scope of phage-bacterium interactions. In this Review, we explore some of the more mutualistic aspects of phage-bacterium interactions in the human gut, and we suggest that the relationship between phages and their bacterial hosts in the gut is best characterized not as a fight to the death between enemies but rather as a mutualistic relationship between partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey N Shkoporov
- APC Microbiome Ireland & School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland. .,Department of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| | | | - Colin Hill
- APC Microbiome Ireland & School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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Chen W, Liu Z, Lin H, Yang J, Liu T, Zheng J, Long X, Sun Z, Li J, Chen X. Occurrence of blaNDM-1-Positive Providencia spp. in a Pig Farm of China. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11060713. [PMID: 35740120 PMCID: PMC9219741 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11060713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics have been extensively used to ensure the productivity of animals on intensive livestock farms. Accordingly, antimicrobial-resistant organisms, which can be transmitted to humans via the food chain, pose a threat to public health. The Enterobacterium antimicrobial resistance gene, blaNDM-1, is a transmissible gene that has attracted widespread attention. Here, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of Enterobacteriaceae carrying blaNDM-1 on an intensive pig farm. A total of 190 samples were collected from a pig farm in Hunan Province, China. Resistant isolates were selected using MacConkey agar with meropenem and PCR to screen for blaNDM-1-positive isolates. Positive strains were tested for conjugation, antimicrobial susceptibility, and whole-genome sequencing. Four blaNDM-1-positive Providencia strains were obtained, and multidrug resistance was observed in these strains. The structure carrying blaNDM-1 did not conjugate to E. coli J53 after three repeated conjugation assays. This suggests that, in intensive farming, attention should be focused on animal health and welfare to reduce the frequency of antibiotic usage. Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in the breeding industry should be included in systematic monitoring programs, including animal, human, and environmental monitoring programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (W.C.); (Z.L.); (H.L.); (J.Y.); (T.L.); (Z.S.)
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Veterinary Drugs, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (W.C.); (Z.L.); (H.L.); (J.Y.); (T.L.); (Z.S.)
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Veterinary Drugs, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Hongguang Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (W.C.); (Z.L.); (H.L.); (J.Y.); (T.L.); (Z.S.)
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Veterinary Drugs, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jie Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (W.C.); (Z.L.); (H.L.); (J.Y.); (T.L.); (Z.S.)
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Veterinary Drugs, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Ting Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (W.C.); (Z.L.); (H.L.); (J.Y.); (T.L.); (Z.S.)
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Veterinary Drugs, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jiaomei Zheng
- Changsha Animal and Plant Disease Control Center, Changsha 410003, China;
| | - Xueming Long
- Hunan Provincial Institution of Veterinary Drug and Feed Control, Changsha 410006, China;
| | - Zhiliang Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (W.C.); (Z.L.); (H.L.); (J.Y.); (T.L.); (Z.S.)
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Veterinary Drugs, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jiyun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (W.C.); (Z.L.); (H.L.); (J.Y.); (T.L.); (Z.S.)
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Veterinary Drugs, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (X.C.)
| | - Xiaojun Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (W.C.); (Z.L.); (H.L.); (J.Y.); (T.L.); (Z.S.)
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Veterinary Drugs, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (X.C.)
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Mpenda F, Mkangara M. Antimicrobial activity of n-hexane and ethyl acetate extracts from Candida tropicalis and Phyllosticta capitalensis fungal endophytes. BAGHDAD JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND APPLIED BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.47419/bjbabs.v3i02.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background ad objective: Among the notable achievements of the twentieth century was the discovery and identification of new drugs from plants against microbial infections. However, the discovery of novel drugs since then is inadequate due to emergence of resistant microbes. In an effort to discover novel drugs, the study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial activity of crude extracts from endophytic fungi isolated from Cnidoscolas aconitifolius and Ocimum suave.
Methods: Following morphological characterization and initial screening for antimicrobial activity, isolates that had higher inhibition were genotypes by Sanger sequencing. Two isolates (Candida tropicalis from O. suave and Phyllosticta capitalensis from C. aconitifolius) were tested for antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.
Results: Overall, the range of crude extract concentration was from 152 mg/mL to 1353 mg/mL, and that of a zone of inhibition was from 7 to 21 mm. The lowest minimum inhibition concentration (19>MIC>9.5) was observed in Phyllosticta spp. extract against S. aureus.
Conclusions: Findings of the present study have shown that endophytes isolated from medicinal plants can generate secondary metabolites with therapeutic applications. Therefore, further investigations are warranted to decipher the content and structure of bioactive compounds that may be associated with the antimicrobial activity of crude extracts.
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IPA-3: An Inhibitor of Diadenylate Cyclase of Streptococcus suis with Potent Antimicrobial Activity. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11030418. [PMID: 35326881 PMCID: PMC8944544 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11030418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a huge threat to public health. The development of novel antibiotics is an effective strategy to tackle AMR. Cyclic diadenylate monophosphate (c-di-AMP) has recently been identified as an essential signal molecule for some important bacterial pathogens involved in various bacterial physiological processes, leading to its synthase diadenylate cyclase becoming an attractive antimicrobial drug target. In this study, based on the enzymatic activity of diadenylate cyclase of Streptococcus suis (ssDacA), we established a high-throughput method of screening for ssDacA inhibitors. Primary screening with a compound library containing 1133 compounds identified IPA-3 (2,2′-dihydroxy-1,1′-dinapthyldisulfide) as an ssDacA inhibitor. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis further indicated that IPA-3 could inhibit the production of c-di-AMP by ssDacA in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. Notably, it was demonstrated that IPA-3 could significantly inhibit the growth of several Gram-positive bacteria which harbor an essential diadenylate cyclase but not E. coli, which is devoid of the enzyme, or Streptococcus mutans, in which the diadenylate cyclase is not essential. Additionally, the binding site in ssDacA for IPA-3 was predicted by molecular docking, and contains residues that are relatively conserved in diadenylate cyclase of Gram-positive bacteria. Collectively, our results illustrate the feasibility of ssDacA as an antimicrobial target and consider IPA-3 as a promising starting point for the development of a novel antibacterial.
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49
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Gorski JK, Mendonça EA, Showalter CD. The Impact of Diagnostic Decisions on Patient Experience in the Pediatric Emergency Department. Pediatr Emerg Care 2022; 38:e644-e649. [PMID: 34140447 DOI: 10.1097/pec.0000000000002485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patient experience serves as both a subjective measure of value-based health care delivery and a metric to inform operational decision making. The objective of this study was to determine if specific diagnostic and therapeutic interventions affect patient experience scores for children seen in the emergency department. METHODS We performed a retrospective observational study in the emergency department of a large quaternary care children's hospital on patients who were discharged to home and later completed a National Research Corporation Health patient experience survey. We matched the survey results to electronic health record (EHR) data and were able to extract demographics, operational metrics, and order information for each patient. We performed multiple logistic regression analyses to determine the association of image acquisition, laboratory test ordering, medication administration, and discharge prescribing with likelihood to recommend the facility as our measure of patient experience. RESULTS Of the 4103 patients who met inclusion criteria for the study, 75% strongly recommended the facility. Longer wait times were associated with lower patient experience scores [odds ratio (OR) per waiting room hour increase, 0.72; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.65-0.81]. Significant diagnostic factors associated with higher patient experience included magnetic resonance imaging ordering (OR, 2.38; 95% CI, 1.00-5.67), x-ray ordering (OR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.00-1.42), and electrocardiogram ordering (OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.07-2.44). Of the treatment factors studied, only antibiotic prescribing at discharge was found to have a significant positive association with patient experience (OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.08-1.63). CONCLUSION The positive association between more intensive diagnostic workups and patient experience could have implications on the utility of patient experience scores to evaluate pediatric care teams. Consideration should be taken to interpret patient experience scores in the context of compliance with approaches in evidence-based medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian K Gorski
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | | | - Cory D Showalter
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
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50
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Magda M, Bettoni S, Laabei M, Fairley D, Russo TA, Riesbeck K, Blom AM. Clinical Isolates of Acinetobacter spp. Are Highly Serum Resistant Despite Efficient Recognition by the Complement System. Front Immunol 2022; 13:814193. [PMID: 35173727 PMCID: PMC8841485 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.814193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria from the genus Acinetobacter are responsible for life-threating hospital-related infections such as pneumonia, septicemia, and meningitis, especially in immunocompromised patients. Worryingly, Acinetobacter have become multi- and extensively drug resistant (MDR/XDR) over the last few decades. The complement system is the first line of defense against microbes, thus it is highly important to increase our understanding of evasion mechanisms used by Acinetobacter spp. Here, we studied clinical isolates of Acinetobacter spp. (n=50), aiming to characterize their recognition by the complement system. Most isolates tested survived 1 h incubation in 30% serum, and only 8 isolates had a lower survival rate, yet none of those isolates were fully killed. Intriguingly, four isolates survived in human whole blood containing all cell component. Their survival was, however, significantly reduced. Flow cytometry analyses revealed that most of the isolates were detected by human IgG and IgM. Interestingly, we could not detect any significant concentration of deposited C1q, despite observing C4b deposition that was abolished in C1q-deficient serum, indicating transient binding of C1q to bacteria. Moreover, several isolates were recognized by MBL, with C4b deposition abolished in MBL-deficient serum. C3b was deposited on most isolates, but this was not, however, seen with respect to C5b and formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC), indicating that many isolates could avoid complement-mediated lysis. India ink staining showed that isolates were capsulated, and capsule thickness varied significantly between isolates. Studies performed on a wild-type strain and capsule mutant strains, demonstrated that the production of a capsular polysaccharide is one mechanism that mediates resistance to complement-mediated bactericidal activity by preventing MAC deposition and lysis. Our data showed that most clinical Acinetobacter spp. isolates are highly serum resistant despite being efficiently recognized by the complement system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Magda
- Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Serena Bettoni
- Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Maisem Laabei
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Derek Fairley
- Department of Microbiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas A. Russo
- Veterans Administration Western New York Healthcare System, Department of Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Kristian Riesbeck
- Clinical Microbiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anna M. Blom
- Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Anna M. Blom,
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