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Hussey K, Caldwell A, Kreiss A, Skjødt K, Gastaldello A, Pye R, Hamede R, Woods GM, Siddle HV. Expression of the Nonclassical MHC Class I, Saha-UD in the Transmissible Cancer Devil Facial Tumour Disease (DFTD). Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11030351. [PMID: 35335675 PMCID: PMC8953681 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11030351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Devil facial tumour disease (DFTD) is a transmissible cancer that has circulated in the Tasmanian devil population for >25 years. Like other contagious cancers in dogs and devils, the way DFTD escapes the immune response of its host is a central question to understanding this disease. DFTD has a low major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) expression due to epigenetic modifications, preventing host immune recognition of mismatched MHC-I molecules by T cells. However, the total MHC-I loss should result in natural killer (NK) cell activation due to the ‘missing self’. Here, we have investigated the expression of the nonclassical MHC-I, Saha-UD as a potential regulatory or suppressive mechanism for DFTD. A monoclonal antibody was generated against the devil Saha-UD that binds recombinant Saha-UD by Western blot, with limited crossreactivity to the classical MHC-I, Saha-UC and nonclassical Saha-UK. Using this antibody, we confirmed the expression of Saha-UD in 13 DFTD tumours by immunohistochemistry (n = 15) and demonstrated that Saha-UD expression is heterogeneous, with 12 tumours showing intratumour heterogeneity. Immunohistochemical staining for the Saha-UD showed distinct patterns of expression when compared with classical MHC-I molecules. The nonclassical Saha-UD expression by DFTD tumours in vivo may be a mechanism for immunosuppression, and further work is ongoing to characterise its ligand on immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Hussey
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; (K.H.); (A.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Alison Caldwell
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; (K.H.); (A.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Alexandre Kreiss
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia; (A.K.); (R.P.); (G.M.W.)
| | - Karsten Skjødt
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark;
| | - Annalisa Gastaldello
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; (K.H.); (A.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Ruth Pye
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia; (A.K.); (R.P.); (G.M.W.)
| | - Rodrigo Hamede
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7005, Australia;
| | - Gregory M. Woods
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia; (A.K.); (R.P.); (G.M.W.)
| | - Hannah V. Siddle
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; (K.H.); (A.C.); (A.G.)
- Correspondence:
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Towards a more healthy conservation paradigm: integrating disease and molecular ecology to aid biological conservation †. J Genet 2021. [PMID: 33622992 PMCID: PMC7371965 DOI: 10.1007/s12041-020-01225-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Parasites, and the diseases they cause, are important from an ecological and evolutionary perspective because they can negatively affect host fitness and can regulate host populations. Consequently, conservation biology has long recognized the vital role that parasites can play in the process of species endangerment and recovery. However, we are only beginning to understand how deeply parasites are embedded in ecological systems, and there is a growing recognition of the important ways in which parasites affect ecosystem structure and function. Thus, there is an urgent need to revisit how parasites are viewed from a conservation perspective and broaden the role that disease ecology plays in conservation-related research and outcomes. This review broadly focusses on the role that disease ecology can play in biological conservation. Our review specifically emphasizes on how the integration of tools and analytical approaches associated with both disease and molecular ecology can be leveraged to aid conservation biology. Our review first concentrates on disease-mediated extinctions and wildlife epidemics. We then focus on elucidating how host–parasite interactions has improved our understanding of the eco-evolutionary dynamics affecting hosts at the individual, population, community and ecosystem scales. We believe that the role of parasites as drivers and indicators of ecosystem health is especially an exciting area of research that has the potential to fundamentally alter our view of parasites and their role in biological conservation. The review concludes with a broad overview of the current and potential applications of modern genomic tools in disease ecology to aid biological conservation.
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Casey W, Massey SE, Mishra B. How signalling games explain mimicry at many levels: from viral epidemiology to human sociology. J R Soc Interface 2021; 18:20200689. [PMID: 33622145 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2020.0689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mimicry is exhibited in multiple scales, ranging from molecular, to organismal, and then to human society. 'Batesian'-type mimicry entails a conflict of interest between sender and receiver, reflected in a deceptive mimic signal. 'Müllerian'-type mimicry occurs when there is perfect common interest between sender and receiver in a particular type of encounter, manifested by an honest co-mimic signal. Using a signalling games approach, simulations show that invasion by Batesian mimics will make Müllerian mimicry unstable, in a coevolutionary chase. We use these results to better understand the deceptive strategies of SARS-CoV-2 and their key role in the COVID-19 pandemic. At the biomolecular level, we explain how cellularization promotes Müllerian molecular mimicry, and discourages Batesian molecular mimicry. A wide range of processes analogous to cellularization are presented; these might represent a manner of reducing oscillatory instabilities. Lastly, we identify examples of mimicry in human society that might be addressed using a signalling game approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Casey
- United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, MD 21402, USA
| | - Steven E Massey
- Biology Department, University of Puerto Rico - Rio Piedras, San Juan, PR 00931, USA
| | - Bud Mishra
- New York University Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York, NY 10012-1110, USA
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Gastaldello A, Ramarathinam SH, Bailey A, Owen R, Turner S, Kontouli N, Elliott T, Skipp P, Purcell AW, Siddle HV. The immunopeptidomes of two transmissible cancers and their host have a common, dominant peptide motif. Immunology 2021; 163:169-184. [PMID: 33460454 PMCID: PMC8114214 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmissible cancers are malignant cells that can spread between individuals of a population, akin to both a parasite and a mobile graft. The survival of the Tasmanian devil, the largest remaining marsupial carnivore, is threatened by the remarkable emergence of two independent lineages of transmissible cancer, devil facial tumour (DFT) 1 and devil facial tumour 2 (DFT2). To aid the development of a vaccine and to interrogate how histocompatibility barriers can be overcome, we analysed the peptides bound to major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC‐I) molecules from Tasmanian devil cells and representative cell lines of each transmissible cancer. Here, we show that DFT1 + IFN‐γ and DFT2 cell lines express a restricted repertoire of MHC‐I allotypes compared with fibroblast cells, potentially reducing the breadth of peptide presentation. Comparison of the peptidomes from DFT1 + IFNγ, DFT2 and host fibroblast cells demonstrates a dominant motif, despite differences in MHC‐I allotypes between the cell lines, with preference for a hydrophobic leucine residue at position 3 and position Ω of peptides. DFT1 and DFT2 both present peptides derived from neural proteins, which reflects a shared cellular origin that could be exploited for vaccine design. These results suggest that polymorphisms in MHC‐I molecules between tumours and host can be ‘hidden’ by a common peptide motif, providing the potential for permissive passage of infectious cells and demonstrating complexity in mammalian histocompatibility barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sri H Ramarathinam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alistair Bailey
- Centre for Cancer Immunology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Rachel Owen
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Steven Turner
- Centre for Cancer Immunology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - N Kontouli
- Centre for Cancer Immunology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Tim Elliott
- Centre for Cancer Immunology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Paul Skipp
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Anthony W Purcell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hannah V Siddle
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Aubier TG, Galipaud M, Erten EY, Kokko H. Transmissible cancers and the evolution of sex under the Red Queen hypothesis. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000916. [PMID: 33211684 PMCID: PMC7676742 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The predominance of sexual reproduction in eukaryotes remains paradoxical in evolutionary theory. Of the hypotheses proposed to resolve this paradox, the 'Red Queen hypothesis' emphasises the potential of antagonistic interactions to cause fluctuating selection, which favours the evolution and maintenance of sex. Whereas empirical and theoretical developments have focused on host-parasite interactions, the premises of the Red Queen theory apply equally well to any type of antagonistic interactions. Recently, it has been suggested that early multicellular organisms with basic anticancer defences were presumably plagued by antagonistic interactions with transmissible cancers and that this could have played a pivotal role in the evolution of sex. Here, we dissect this argument using a population genetic model. One fundamental aspect distinguishing transmissible cancers from other parasites is the continual production of cancerous cell lines from hosts' own tissues. We show that this influx dampens fluctuating selection and therefore makes the evolution of sex more difficult than in standard Red Queen models. Although coevolutionary cycling can remain sufficient to select for sex under some parameter regions of our model, we show that the size of those regions shrinks once we account for epidemiological constraints. Altogether, our results suggest that horizontal transmission of cancerous cells is unlikely to cause fluctuating selection favouring sexual reproduction. Nonetheless, we confirm that vertical transmission of cancerous cells can promote the evolution of sex through a separate mechanism, known as similarity selection, that does not depend on coevolutionary fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G. Aubier
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Galipaud
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - E. Yagmur Erten
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hanna Kokko
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Casey W, Massey SE, Mishra B. How Signaling Games Explain Mimicry at Many Levels: From Viral Epidemiology to Human Sociology. RESEARCH SQUARE 2020:rs.3.rs-51959. [PMID: 32793895 PMCID: PMC7418725 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-51959/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Mimicry is exhibited in multiple scales, ranging from molecular, to organismal, and then to human society. 'Batesian' type mimicry entails a conflict of interest between sender and receiver, reflected in a deceptive mimic signal. 'Mullerian' type mimicry occurs when there is perfect common interest between sender and receiver, manifested by an honest co-mimic signal. Using a signaling games approach, simulations show that invasion by Batesian mimics will make Mullerian mimicry unstable, in a coevolutionary chase. We use these results to better understand the deceptive strategies of SARS-CoV-2 and their key role in the COVID-19 pandemic. At the biomolecular level, we explain how cellularization promotes Mullerian molecular mimicry, and discourages Batesian molecular mimicry. A wide range of processes analogous to cellularization are presented; these might represent a manner of reducing oscillatory instabilities. Lastly, we identify examples of mimicry in human society, that might be addressed using a signaling game approach.
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7
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Ma H, Wang M, Zhou Y, Yang JJ, Wang LY, Yang RH, Wen MJ, Kong L. Noncoding RNA 886 alleviates tumor cellular immunological rejection in host C57BL/C mice. Cancer Med 2020; 9:5258-5271. [PMID: 32476259 PMCID: PMC7367629 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Non‐coding RNA 886 (nc886/VTRNA2‐1) is a Pol III transcript and an atypical imprinted gene. Its exact function as a negative regulator of protein kinase R establishes its connection with innate immunity. Studies have shown that nc886 silencing is closely associated with prostate cancer progression. Previous work has constructed a cell model of stable nc886 overexpression (“mimic” or “nc886+”) in PC‐3M‐1E8 cell lines (1E8), which are highly bone‐metastatic human prostate cancer cells with low expression of nc886, and cells expressing the mimic were validated to have lower invasive and metastatic abilities than cells expressing the scramble transcript in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we directly injected mimic or scramble cells into the left ventricle of C57BL/C mice, an immunocompetent animal model, to elucidate the immune mechanisms of tumor‐host interactions. Interestingly, we found that tumor cells induced the inflammation of many important organs due to xenogeneic antigen rejection; this inflammation was ultimately repaired by tissue fibrosis after 28 days, except for in the spleen. The reason is that mimic cells, as heterogeneous antigens, are mostly directly recognized by macrophages or T cells in blood, and few mimic cells enter the spleen compared with scramble cells. The induction of splenic macrophage polarization to M2 macrophages by scramble cells is a critical factor in maintaining chronic splenic inflammation. In addition, we recognize that nc886 broadly decreases the expression of some human leukocyte antigen molecules and antigen transporters. This evidence reveals the interesting role of nc886 in regulating tumor cell antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Jie Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Yong Wang
- Core Facilities for Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Rong-Hui Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Min-Jie Wen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Kong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Kesmir C, Bontrop R. Immunogenetics special issue 2020: nomenclature, databases, and bioinformatics in immunogenetics. Immunogenetics 2020; 72:1-3. [PMID: 31848642 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-019-01150-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Can Kesmir
- Theoretical Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.
| | - Ronald Bontrop
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Department of Comparative Genetics and Refinement, Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288 GJ, Rijswijk, Netherlands.
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald E Bontrop
- Biomedical Primate Research Center, PO Box 3306, 2280, Rijswijk, GH, Netherlands.
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