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Shanbhag AP. FabG: from a core to circumstantial catalyst. Biotechnol Lett 2019; 41:675-688. [PMID: 31037463 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-019-02678-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Core biochemical pathways such as Fatty-acid synthesis II (FAS II) is ascribed to the synthesis of fatty-acids, biotin and lipoic acid in prokaryotes. It has two dehydrogenases namely, FabG and FabI which interact with the fatty-acid chain bound to Acyl-carrier protein (ACP), a well-studied enzyme which binds to substrates of varying lengths. This protein-protein interaction 'broadens' the active site of these dehydrogenases thus, contributing to their flexible nature. This property is exploited for catalysing numerous chiral synthons, alkanes, long-chain alcohols and secondary metabolites in industries especially with FabG. FASI relegates FASII in eukaryotes making it a 'relic gene pool' and an antibacterial drug target with diverse inhibitor and substrate markush. FabG often substitutes other dehydrogenases for producing secondary metabolites in nature. This redundancy is probably due to gene duplication or addition events possibly making FabG, a progenitor to some of the complex short-chain dehydrogenases used in organisms and industries today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirudh P Shanbhag
- Department of Biophysics, Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, 700009, India. .,Bugworks Research India Pvt. Ltd, C-CAMP, NCBS Campus, UAS-GKVK, Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560065, India.
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2
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Xu Q, Tao WY, Huang H, Li S. Highly efficient synthesis of ethyl (S)-4-chloro-3-hydroxybutanoate by a novel carbonyl reductase from Yarrowia lipolytica and using mannitol or sorbitol as cosubstrate. Biochem Eng J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2015.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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4
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Construction of allitol synthesis pathway by multi-enzyme coexpression in Escherichia coli and its application in allitol production. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 42:661-9. [PMID: 25724336 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-014-1578-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
An engineered strain for the conversion of D-fructose to allitol was developed by constructing a multi-enzyme coupling pathway and cofactor recycling system in Escherichia coli. D-Psicose-3-epimerase from Ruminococcus sp. and ribitol dehydrogenase from Klebsiella oxytoca were coexpressed to form the multi-enzyme coupling pathway for allitol production. The cofactor recycling system was constructed using the formate dehydrogenase gene from Candida methylica for continuous NADH supply. The recombinant strain produced 10.62 g/l allitol from 100 mM D-fructose. To increase the intracellular concentration of the substrate, the glucose/fructose facilitator gene from Zymomonas mobilis was incorporated into the engineered strain. The results showed that the allitol yield was enhanced significantly to 16.53 g/l with a conversion rate of 92 %. Through optimizing conversion conditions, allitol was produced effectively on a large scale by the whole-cell biotransformation system; the yield reached 48.62 g/l when 500 mM D-fructose was used as the substrate.
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He YC, Zhang DP, Lu Y, Tao ZC, Ding Y, Wang LQ, Liu F. Biosynthesis of ethyl (S)-4-chloro-3-hydroxybutanoate with an NADH-dependent reductase (ClCR) discovered by genome data mining using a modified colorimetric screening strategy. Bioengineered 2015; 6:170-4. [PMID: 25723767 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2015.1017696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
An NADH-dependent reductase (ClCR) was discovered by genome data mining. After ClCR was overexpressed in E. coli BL21, recombinant E. coli CCZU-T15 with high reductase activity and excellent stereoselectivity for the reduction of ethyl 4-chloro-3-oxobutanoate (COBE) into ethyl (S)-4-chloro-3-hydroxybutanoate [(S)-CHBE] was screened using a modified high-throughput colorimetric screening strategy. After the reaction optimization, a highly stereoselective bioreduction of COBE into (S)-CHBE (>99% ee) with the resting cells of E. coli CCZU-T15 was successfully demonstrated in toluene-water (50:50, v/v) biphasic system. Biotransformation of 1000 mM COBE for 24 h in the biphasic system, (S)-CHBE (>99% ee) could be obtained in the high yield of 96.4%. Significantly, E. coli CCZU-T15 shows high potential in the industrial production of (S)-CHBE (>99% ee).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Cai He
- a Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing ; College of Pharmaceutical Engineeing and Life Sciences; Changzhou University , Changzhou , PR China
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Chen R, Liu X, Wang J, Lin J, Wei D. Cloning, expression, and characterization of an anti-Prelog stereospecific carbonyl reductase from Gluconobacter oxydans DSM2343. Enzyme Microb Technol 2014; 70:18-27. [PMID: 25659628 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A new anti-Prelog stereospecific carbonyl reductase (GoKR) from Gluconobacter oxydans DSM2343 was cloned and identified in Escherichia coli. This GoKR formed a homo-tetramer with a subunit size of approximately 27.0kDa. GoKR exhibited full activity with NADPH but not with NADH as a cofactor. The optimal pH and temperature were 9.0 and 30°C, respectively. GoKR reduced various ketones, including aliphatic and aromatic ketones, α- and β-keto esters. Aromatic ketones were reduced to (R)-enantiomers, whereas keto esters were reduced to (S)-hydroxy esters with different enantioselectivities. The data indicate that GoKR does not obey Prelog's rule and exhibits anti-Prelog enantiopreference. Enzyme-substrate-cofactor docking analysis showed that hydride transfer occurred at the si faces of carbonyl group for ethyl 4-chloro-3-oxobutanoate (COBE), which was then selectively reduced to the chiral (S)-alcohol. Excellent enantioselectivities were obtained for reducing COBE and ethyl 2-oxo-4-phenylbutyrate into the corresponding (S)-type products. These products are important for synthesizing HMG-CoA reductase (statins) and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Center for Biomedicine and Health, Division of Basical Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Xu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiale Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jinping Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Dongzhi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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He YC, Zhang DP, Tao ZC, Zhang X, Yang ZX. Discovery of a reductase-producing strain recombinant E. coli CCZU-A13 using colorimetric screening and its whole cell-catalyzed biosynthesis of ethyl (R)-4-chloro-3-hydroxybutanoate. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 172:342-348. [PMID: 25277262 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.09.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
An NADH-dependent reductase (SsCR) was discovered by genome data mining. After SsCR was overexpressed in E. coli BL21, recombinant E. coli CCZU-A13 with high reductase activity and excellent stereoselectivity for the reduction of ethyl 4-chloro-3-oxobutanoate (COBE) into ethyl (R)-4-chloro-3-hydroxybutanoate ((R)-CHBE) was screened using one high-throughput colorimetric screening strategy. After the reaction optimization, a highly stereoselective bioreduction of COBE into (R)-CHBE (>99% ee) with the resting cells of E. coli CCZU-A13 was successfully demonstrated in n-butyl acetate-water (10:90, v/v) biphasic system. Biotransformation of 600mM COBE for 8h in the biphasic system, (R)-CHBE (>99% ee) could be obtained in the high yield of 100%. Moreover, the broad substrate specificity in the reduction of aliphatic and aromatic carbonyl compounds was also found. Significantly, E. coli CCZU-A13 shows high potential in the industrial production of (R)-CHBE (>99% ee) and its derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Cai He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou, PR China.
| | - Dan-Ping Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou, PR China
| | - Zhi-Cheng Tao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou, PR China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhen-Xing Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou, PR China
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8
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Chen R, Liu X, Lin J, Wei D. A genomic search approach to identify carbonyl reductases in Gluconobacter oxydans for enantioselective reduction of ketones. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 78:1350-6. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2014.925775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The versatile carbonyl reductases from Gluconobacter oxydans in the enantioselective reduction of ketones to the corresponding alcohols were exploited by genome search approach. All purified enzymes showed activities toward the tested ketoesters with different activities. In the reduction of 4-phenyl-2-butanone with in situ NAD(P)H regeneration system, (S)-alcohol was obtained with an e.e. of up to 100% catalyzed by Gox0644. Under the same experimental condition, all enzymes catalyzed ethyl 4-chloroacetoacetate to give chiral products with an excellent e.e. of up to 99%, except Gox0644. Gox2036 had a strict requirement for NADH as the cofactor and showed excellent enantiospecificity in the synthesis of ethyl (R)-4-chloro-3-hydroxybutanoate. For the reduction of ethyl 2-oxo-4-phenylbutyrate, excellent e.e. (>99%) and high conversion (93.1%) were obtained by Gox0525, whereas the other enzymes showed relatively lower e.e. and conversions. Among them, Gox2036 and Gox0525 showed potentials in the synthesis of chiral alcohols as useful biocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Center for Biomedicine and Health, Division of Basical Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University; Hangzhou, China
| | - Xu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinping Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongzhi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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Pan J, Zheng GW, Ye Q, Xu JH. Optimization and Scale-up of a Bioreduction Process for Preparation of Ethyl (S)-4-Chloro-3-hydroxybutanoate. Org Process Res Dev 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/op500088w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Pan
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis
and Synthetic Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Gao-Wei Zheng
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis
and Synthetic Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Qin Ye
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis
and Synthetic Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Jian-He Xu
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis
and Synthetic Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
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Kawano S, Hasegawa J, Yasohara Y. Efficient synthesis of (R)-3-hydroxypentanenitrile in high enantiomeric excess by enzymatic reduction of 3-oxopentanenitrile. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:5891-900. [PMID: 24658591 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5674-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
(R)-3-Hydroxypentanenitrile (HPN) is an important intermediate in the synthesis of an immunosuppressive inosine 5′-monophosphate dehydrogenase inhibitor. An efficient enzymatic procedure for the synthesis of (R)-HPN with over 99 % enantiomeric excess using a novel acetoacetyl-CoA reductase (AdKR) from Achromobacter denitrificans was successfully established. Many microorganisms are known to reduce 3-oxopentannitrile (KPN) to (R)-HPN. An enzyme from A. denitrificans partially purified using ion exchange chromatography reduced KPN to (R)-HPN with high enantioselectivity. The AdKR gene was cloned and sequenced and found to comprise 738 bp and encode a polypeptide of 26,399 Da. The deduced amino acid sequence showed a high degree of similarity to those of other putative acetoacetyl-CoA reductases and putative 3-ketoacyl-ACP reductases. The AdKR gene was singly expressed and coexpressed together with a glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) as a coenzyme regenerator in Escherichia coli under the control of the lac promoter. (R)-HPN was synthesized with over 99 % e.e. using a cell-free extract of recombinant E. coli cells coexpressing AdKR and GDH.
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Zhang ZJ, Pan J, Ma BD, Xu JH. Efficient Biocatalytic Synthesis of Chiral Chemicals. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 155:55-106. [DOI: 10.1007/10_2014_291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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12
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Yamamoto H, Kudoh M. Novel chiral tool, (R)-2-octanol dehydrogenase, from Pichia finlandica: purification, gene cloning, and application for optically active α-haloalcohols. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 97:8087-96. [PMID: 23274959 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4643-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A novel enantioselective alcohol dehydrogenase, (R)-2-octanol dehydrogenase (PfODH), was discovered among methylotrophic microorganisms. The enzyme was purified from Pichia finlandica and characterized. The molecular mass of the enzyme was estimated to be 83,000 and 30,000 by gel filtration and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, respectively. The enzyme was an NAD(+)-dependent secondary alcohol dehydrogenase and showed a strict enantioselectivity, very broad substrate specificity, and high tolerance to SH reagents. A gene-encoding PfODH was cloned and sequenced. The gene consisted of 765 nucleotides, coding polypeptides of 254 amino acids. The gene was singly expressed and coexpressed together with a formate dehydrogenase as an NADH regenerator in an Escherichia coli. Ethyl (S)-4-chloro-3-hydroxybutanoate and (S)-2-chloro-1-phenylethanol were synthesized using a whole-cell biocatalyst in more than 99 % optical purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Yamamoto
- Green Product Development Center, R&D Management, Daicel Corporation, 1-1 Shinko-cho, Myoko, Niigata, 944-8550, Japan.
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Hoelsch K, Sührer I, Heusel M, Weuster-Botz D. Engineering of formate dehydrogenase: synergistic effect of mutations affecting cofactor specificity and chemical stability. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 97:2473-81. [PMID: 22588502 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4142-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Revised: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Formate dehydrogenases (FDHs) are frequently used for the regeneration of cofactors in biotransformations employing NAD(P)H-dependent oxidoreductases. Major drawbacks of most native FDHs are their strong preference for NAD(+) and their low operational stability in the presence of reactive organic compounds such as α-haloketones. In this study, the FDH from Mycobacterium vaccae N10 (MycFDH) was engineered in order to obtain an enzyme that is not only capable of regenerating NADPH but also stable toward the α-haloketone ethyl 4-chloroacetoacetate (ECAA). To change the cofactor specificity, amino acids in the conserved NAD(+) binding motif were mutated. Among these mutants, MycFDH A198G/D221Q had the highest catalytic efficiency (k cat/K m) with NADP(+). The additional replacement of two cysteines (C145S/C255V) not only conferred a high resistance to ECAA but also enhanced the catalytic efficiency 6-fold. The resulting quadruple mutant MycFDH C145S/A198G/D221Q/C255V had a specific activity of 4.00 ± 0.13 U mg(-1) and a K m, NADP(+) of 0.147 ± 0.020 mM at 30 °C, pH 7. The A198G replacement had a major impact on the kinetic constants of the enzyme. The corresponding triple mutant, MycFDH C145S/D221Q/C255V, showed the highest specific activity reported to date for a NADP(+)-accepting FDH (v max, 10.25 ± 1.63 U mg(-1)). However, the half-saturation constant for NADP(+) (K m, NADP(+) , 0.92 ± 0.10 mM) was about one order of magnitude higher than the one of the quadruple mutant. Depending on the reaction setup, both novel MycFDH variants could be useful for the production of the chiral synthon ethyl (S)-4-chloro-3-hydroxybutyrate [(S)-ECHB] by asymmetric reduction of ECAA with NADPH-dependent ketoreductases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Hoelsch
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität München, Boltzmannstr. 15, 85748 Garching, Germany.
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Wang LJ, Li CX, Ni Y, Zhang J, Liu X, Xu JH. Highly efficient synthesis of chiral alcohols with a novel NADH-dependent reductase from Streptomyces coelicolor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:7023-7028. [PMID: 21570826 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Revised: 04/10/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
An NADH-dependent reductase (ScCR) from Streptomyces coelicolor was discovered by genome mining for carbonyl reductases. ScCR was overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21, purified to homogeneity and its catalytic properties were studied. This enzyme catalyzed the asymmetric reduction of a broad range of prochiral ketones including aryl ketones, α- and β-ketoesters, with high activity and excellent enantioselectivity (>99% ee) towards β-ketoesters. Among them, ethyl 4-chloro-3-oxobutanoate (COBE) was efficiently converted to ethyl (S)-4-chloro-3-hydroxybutanoate ((S)-CHBE), an important pharmaceutical intermediate, in water/toluene biphasic system. As much as 600 g/L (3.6M) of COBE was asymmetrically reduced within 22 h using 2-propanol as a co-substrate for NADH regeneration, resulting in a yield of 93%, an enantioselectivity of >99% ee, and a total turnover number (TTN) of 12,100. These results indicate the potential of ScCR for the industrial production of valuable chiral alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Wang
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Synthetic Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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Ni Y, Li CX, Zhang J, Shen ND, Bornscheuer UT, Xu JH. Efficient Reduction of Ethyl 2-Oxo-4-phenylbutyrate at 620 g⋅L−1 by a Bacterial Reductase with Broad Substrate Spectrum. Adv Synth Catal 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201100132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Kinetic mechanism of 3-ketoacyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) reductase from Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7942: A useful enzyme for the production of chiral alcohols. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2010.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Applegate GA, Cheloha RW, Nelson DL, Berkowitz DB. A new dehydrogenase from Clostridium acetobutylicum for asymmetric synthesis: dynamic reductive kinetic resolution entry into the Taxotère side chain. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:2420-2. [PMID: 21173953 PMCID: PMC4882475 DOI: 10.1039/c0cc04585c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An NADP-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase from Clostridium acetobutylicum (CaADH) has been expressed and characterized. CaADH enantioselectively reduces aromatic α-, β- and γ-keto esters to the corresponding D-hydroxy esters and provides a building block for the Taxotère side chain (95% yield, 95% de, 99% ee) by dynamic reductive kinetic resolution (DYRKR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A. Applegate
- Department of Chemistry &,Nebraska Center for Energy Sciences Research (NCESR), University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE USA. Fax: 01 402 472 9402; 01 402 472 2738
| | - Ross W. Cheloha
- Department of Chemistry &,Nebraska Center for Energy Sciences Research (NCESR), University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE USA. Fax: 01 402 472 9402; 01 402 472 2738
| | - David L. Nelson
- Department of Chemistry &,Nebraska Center for Energy Sciences Research (NCESR), University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE USA. Fax: 01 402 472 9402; 01 402 472 2738
| | - David B. Berkowitz
- Department of Chemistry &,Nebraska Center for Energy Sciences Research (NCESR), University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE USA. Fax: 01 402 472 9402; 01 402 472 2738
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A novel L-isoleucine metabolism in Bacillus thuringiensis generating (2S,3R,4S)-4-hydroxyisoleucine, a potential insulinotropic and anti-obesity amino acid. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 89:1929-38. [PMID: 21069315 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2983-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2010] [Revised: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 10/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
4-Hydroxyisoleucine (HIL) found in fenugreek seeds has insulinotropic and anti-obesity effects and is expected to be a novel orally active drug for insulin-independent diabetes. Here, we show that the newly isolated strain Bacillus thuringiensis 2e2 and the closely related strain B. thuringiensis ATCC 35646 operate a novel metabolic pathway for L-isoleucine (L-Ile) via HIL and 2-amino-3-methyl-4-ketopentanoic acid (AMKP). The HIL synthesis was catalyzed stereoselectively by an α-ketoglutaric acid-dependent dioxygenase and to be useful for efficient production of a naturally occurring HIL isomer, (2S,3R,4S)-HIL. The (2S,3R,4S)-HIL was oxidized to (2S,3R)-AMKP by a NAD(+)-dependent dehydrogenase. The metabolic pathway functions as an effective bypass pathway that compensates for the incomplete tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle in Bacillus species and also explains how AMKP, a vitamin B(12) antimetabolite with antibiotic activity, is synthesized. These novel findings pave a new way for the commercial production of HIL and also for AMKP.
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Biocatalytic properties of a recombinant aldo-keto reductase with broad substrate spectrum and excellent stereoselectivity. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 89:1111-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2941-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2010] [Revised: 10/07/2010] [Accepted: 10/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ueshima S, Muramatsu H, Nakajima T, Yamamoto H, Kato SI, Misono H, Nagata S. Identification, Cloning, and Characterization of l-Phenylserine Dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas syringae NK-15. Enzyme Res 2010; 2010:597010. [PMID: 21048868 PMCID: PMC2963168 DOI: 10.4061/2010/597010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2009] [Revised: 10/28/2009] [Accepted: 11/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The gene encoding d-phenylserine dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas syringae NK-15 was identified, and a 9,246-bp nucleotide sequence containing the gene was sequenced. Six ORFs were confirmed in the sequenced region, four of which were predicted to form an operon. A homology search of each ORF predicted that orf3 encoded l-phenylserine dehydrogenase. Hence, orf3 was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli cells and recombinant ORF3 was purified to homogeneity and characterized. The purified ORF3 enzyme showed l-phenylserine dehydrogenase activity. The enzymological properties and primary structure of l-phenylserine dehydrogenase (ORF3) were quite different from those of d-phenylserine dehydrogenase previously reported. l-Phenylserine dehydrogenase catalyzed the NAD+-dependent oxidation of the β-hydroxyl group of l-β-phenylserine. l-Phenylserine and l-threo-(2-thienyl)serine were good substrates for l-phenylserine dehydrogenase. The genes encoding l-phenylserine dehydrogenase and d-phenylserine dehydrogenase, which is induced by phenylserine, are located in a single operon. The reaction products of both enzymatic reactions were 2-aminoacetophenone and CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakuko Ueshima
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan
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Uzura A, Nomoto F, Sakoda A, Nishimoto Y, Kataoka M, Shimizu S. Stereoselective synthesis of (R)-3-quinuclidinol through asymmetric reduction of 3-quinuclidinone with 3-quinuclidinone reductase of Rhodotorula rubra. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 83:617-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-009-1902-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2008] [Revised: 01/23/2009] [Accepted: 01/27/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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22
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Zhang W, O'Connor K, Wang DIC, Li Z. Bioreduction with efficient recycling of NADPH by coupled permeabilized microorganisms. Appl Environ Microbiol 2009; 75:687-94. [PMID: 19047388 PMCID: PMC2632151 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01506-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2008] [Accepted: 11/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) from Bacillus subtilis BGSC 1A1 was cloned and functionally expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(pGDH1) and XL-1 Blue(pGDH1). Controlled permeabilization of recombinant E. coli BL21 and XL-1 Blue with EDTA-toluene under optimized conditions resulted in permeabilized cells with specific activities of 61 and 14 U/g (dry weight) of cells, respectively, for the conversion of NADP(+) to NADPH upon oxidation of glucose. The permeabilized recombinant strains were more active than permeabilized B. subtilis BGSC 1A1, did not exhibit NADPH/NADH oxidase activity, and were useful for regeneration of both NADH and NADPH. Coupling of permeabilized cells of Bacillus pumilus Phe-C3 containing an NADPH-dependent ketoreductase and an E. coli recombinant expressing GDH as a novel biocatalytic system allowed enantioselective reduction of ethyl 3-keto-4,4,4-trifluorobutyrate with efficient recycling of NADPH; a total turnover number (TTN) of 4,200 mol/mol was obtained by using E. coli BL21(pGDH1) as the cofactor-regenerating microorganism with initial addition of 0.005 mM NADP(+). The high TTN obtained is in the practical range for producing fine chemicals. Long-term stability of the permeabilized cell couple and a higher product concentration were demonstrated by 68 h of bioreduction of ethyl 3-keto-4,4,4-trifluorobutyrate with addition of 0.005 mM NADP(+) three times; 50.5 mM (R)-ethyl 3-hydroxy-4,4,4-trifluorobutyrate was obtained with 95% enantiomeric excess, 84% conversion, and an overall TTN of 3,400 mol/mol. Our method results in practical synthesis of (R)-ethyl 3-hydroxy-4,4,4-trifluorobutyrate, and the principle described here is generally applicable to other microbial reductions with cofactor recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Singapore-MIT Alliance, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Cha M, Kim EJ, Park J, Kim J, Kim BG. Enantioselective synthesis of ethyl-(S)-3-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoate (S-HPPE) from ethyl-3-oxo-3-phenylpropanoate using recombinant fatty acid synthase (FAS2) from Kluyveromyces lactis KCTC 7133 in Pichia pastoris GS115. Enzyme Microb Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2008.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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Identification, cloning, and characterization of a novel ketoreductase from the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7942. Appl Environ Microbiol 2008; 74:6697-702. [PMID: 18791006 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00925-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A new ketoreductase useful for asymmetric synthesis of chiral alcohols was identified in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7942. Mass spectrometry of trypsin-digested peptides identified the protein as 3-ketoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (KR) (EC 1.1.1.100). The gene, referred to as fabG, was cloned, functionally expressed in Escherichia coli, and subsequently purified to homogeneity. The enzyme displayed a temperature optimum at 44 degrees C and a broad pH optimum between pH 7 and pH 9. The NADPH-dependent KR was able to asymmetrically reduce a variety of prochiral ketones with good to excellent enantioselectivities (>99.8%). The KR showed particular high specific activity for asymmetric reduction of ethyl 4-chloroacetoacetate (38.29 +/- 2.15 U mg(-1)) and 2',3',4',5',6'-pentafluoroacetophenone (8.57 +/- 0.49 U mg(-1)) to the corresponding (S)-alcohols. In comparison with an established industrial enzyme like the alcohol dehydrogenase from Lactobacillus brevis, the KR showed seven-times-higher activity toward 2',3',4',5',6'-pentafluoroacetophenone, with a remarkably higher enantiomeric excess (>99.8% [S] versus 43.3% [S]).
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ZHANG F, NI Y, SUN Z, ZHENG P, LIN W, ZHU P, JU N. Asymmetric Reduction of Ethyl 4-Chloro-3-oxobutanoate to Ethyl (S)-4-Chloro-3-hydroxybutanoate Catalyzed by Aureobasidium pullulans in an Aqueous/Ionic Liquid Biphase System. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(08)60051-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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26
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Bäumchen C, Bringer-Meyer S. Expression of glf Z.m. increases D-mannitol formation in whole cell biotransformation with resting cells of Corynebacterium glutamicum. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2007; 76:545-52. [PMID: 17503033 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-007-0987-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2007] [Revised: 03/08/2007] [Accepted: 04/06/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A recombinant oxidation/reduction cycle for the conversion of D-fructose to D-mannitol was established in resting cells of Corynebacterium glutamicum. Whole cells were used as biocatalysts, supplied with 250 mM sodium formate and 500 mM D-fructose at pH 6.5. The mannitol dehydrogenase gene (mdh) from Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides was overexpressed in strain C. glutamicum ATCC 13032. To ensure sufficient cofactor [nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (reduced form, NADH)] supply, the fdh gene encoding formate dehydrogenase from Mycobacterium vaccae N10 was coexpressed. The recombinant C. glutamicum cells produced D-mannitol at a constant production rate of 0.22 g (g cdw)(-1) h(-1). Expression of the glucose/fructose facilitator gene glf from Zymomonas mobilis in C. glutamicum led to a 5.5-fold increased productivity of 1.25 g (g cdw)(-1) h(-1), yielding 87 g l(-1) D-mannitol from 93.7 g l(-1) D-fructose. Determination of intracellular NAD(H) concentration during biotransformation showed a constant NAD(H) pool size and a NADH/NAD(+) ratio of approximately 1. In repetitive fed-batch biotransformation, 285 g l(-1) D-mannitol over a time period of 96 h with an average productivity of 1.0 g (g cdw)(-1) h(-1) was formed. These results show that C. glutamicum is a favorable biocatalyst for long-term biotransformation with resting cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Bäumchen
- Institut für Biotechnologie 1, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany.
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27
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Zhang J, Witholt B, Li Z. Coupling of permeabilized microorganisms for efficient enantioselective reduction of ketone with cofactor recycling. Chem Commun (Camb) 2007:398-400. [PMID: 16493811 DOI: 10.1039/b515721h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel, simple and efficient cofactor recycling method for enantioselective bioreduction has been developed by the use of permeabilized cells of a reductase-containing microorganism and a glucose dehydrogenase-containing microorganism
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Institute of Biotechnology, ETH-Hönggerberg, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
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Asymmetric reduction of ketones using recombinant E. coli cells that produce a versatile carbonyl reductase with high enantioselectivity and broad substrate specificity. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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29
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He JY, Sun ZH, Ruan WQ, Xu Y. Biocatalytic synthesis of ethyl (S)-4-chloro-3-hydroxy-butanoate in an aqueous-organic solvent biphasic system using Aureobasidium pullulans CGMCC 1244. Process Biochem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2005.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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30
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Yang ZH, Yao SJ, Guan YX. A Complex Process of Asymmetric Synthesis of β-Hydroxy Ester by Baker's Yeast Accompanied by Resin Adsorption. Ind Eng Chem Res 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ie048791r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Hua Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan-Jing Yao
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Xin Guan
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, People's Republic of China
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31
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Asymmetric reduction of a variety of ketones with a recombinant carbonyl reductase: identification of the gene encoding a versatile biocatalyst. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2005.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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32
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Yamamoto H, Mitsuhashi K, Kimoto N, Kobayashi Y, Esaki N. Robust NADH-regenerator: improved alpha-haloketone-resistant formate dehydrogenase. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2004; 67:33-9. [PMID: 15338080 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-004-1728-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2004] [Revised: 07/18/2004] [Accepted: 06/23/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Formate dehydrogenases (FDH) are useful for the regeneration of NADH, which is required for asymmetric reduction by several dehydrogenases and reductases. FDHs have relatively low activity and are labile, especially to alpha-haloketones, thus FDH cannot be applied to the industrial manufacture of optically active alpha-haloalcohols. To stabilize a FDH from Mycobacterium vaccae (McFDH) against the alpha-haloketone ethyl 4-chloroacetoacetate (ECAA), a set of cysteine-mutant enzymes was constructed. Sensitivity to ECAA of mutant C6S was similar to that of the wild-type enzyme, and mutants C249S and C355S showed little activity. In contrast, mutant C256S exhibited remarkable tolerance to ECAA. Surprisingly, mutant C146S was activated by several organic compounds such as ethyl acetate. An optimized mutant, C6A/C146S/C256V (McFDH-26), was obtained by combining several effective mutations. Ethyl (S)-4-chloro-3-hydroxybutanoate [(S)-ECHB] was synthesized from ECAA to 49.9 g/l with an optical purity of more than 99% e.e. using recombinant Escherichia coli cells coexpressing McFDH-26 and a carbonyl reductase (KaCR1) from Kluyveromyces aestuarii.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yamamoto
- Life Science Development Center, CPI Company, Tsukuba Research Center, Daicel Chemical Industries, 27 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba 305-0841, Japan.
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Yang ZH, Yao SJ, Lin DQ. Improving the Stereoselectivity of Asymmetric Reduction of 3-Oxo Ester to 3-Hydroxy Ester with Pretreatments on Bakers' Yeast. Ind Eng Chem Res 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/ie034240+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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