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Samhat K, Kazbar A, Takache H, Ismail A, Pruvost J. Influence of light absorption rate on the astaxanthin production by the microalga Haematococcus pluvialis during nitrogen starvation. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2023; 10:78. [PMID: 38647902 PMCID: PMC10992552 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-023-00700-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Large amounts of astaxanthin (about 4% DW) can be produced under nitrogen starvation of Haematococcus pluvialis in photobioreactors (PBRs) exposed to high light conditions to induce a light stress. However, in PBR, the large biomass concentration usually achieved leads to strong light attenuation conditions, which makes complex the analysis of this "light stress". This study aims to elucidate the role of light transfer in astaxanthin cell content and productivity from the microalga Haematococcus pluvialis during nitrogen starvation. Haematococcus pluvialis was cultivated in a flat-panel PBR in a batch mode with sudden nitrogen starvation conditions and an incident photon flux density (PFD) of 250 µmolhν m-2 s-1. Different initial biomass concentrations ( C x 0 ) were evaluated, 0.21, 0.52, 1.39 and 2.21 kg m-3. As a result, spectral mass absorption cross-sections of Haematococcus pluvialis were measured at different times during nitrogen starvation, and were used to relate the mean rate of photon absorption (MRPA) to the astaxanthin productivity. A minimum initial MRPA of 7000 ± 500 µmolhν kgx-1 s-1 was found necessary to trigger large accumulation of astaxanthin in Haematococcus pluvialis cells (up to 3.21% DW) during nitrogen starvation conditions. The results also demonstrated the link between the MRPA and the daily astaxanthin productivity of Haematococcus pluvialis cultures, introducing then the MRPA as a physical quantity of interest for a rational optimization of the light culture conditions in PBRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadija Samhat
- Oniris, CNRS, GEPEA, UMR 6144, Nantes University, 44600, Saint-Nazaire, France.
- Platform for Research and Analysis in Environmental Sciences, Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Lebanese University, Rafic Hariri Campus, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Antoinette Kazbar
- Algosource, 7 Rue Eugène Cornet, 44600, Saint-Nazaire, France
- Bioprocess Engineering, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Hosni Takache
- Bio-Information Research Laboratory (BIRL), The Higher Institute of Biotechnologies of Paris (Sup'biotech), 66 Rue Guy Môquet, 94800, Villejuif, France
| | - Ali Ismail
- Platform for Research and Analysis in Environmental Sciences, Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Lebanese University, Rafic Hariri Campus, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jeremy Pruvost
- Oniris, CNRS, GEPEA, UMR 6144, Nantes University, 44600, Saint-Nazaire, France
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Nishida Y, Berg PC, Shakersain B, Hecht K, Takikawa A, Tao R, Kakuta Y, Uragami C, Hashimoto H, Misawa N, Maoka T. Astaxanthin: Past, Present, and Future. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:514. [PMID: 37888449 PMCID: PMC10608541 DOI: 10.3390/md21100514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin (AX), a lipid-soluble pigment belonging to the xanthophyll carotenoids family, has recently garnered significant attention due to its unique physical properties, biochemical attributes, and physiological effects. Originally recognized primarily for its role in imparting the characteristic red-pink color to various organisms, AX is currently experiencing a surge in interest and research. The growing body of literature in this field predominantly focuses on AXs distinctive bioactivities and properties. However, the potential of algae-derived AX as a solution to various global environmental and societal challenges that threaten life on our planet has not received extensive attention. Furthermore, the historical context and the role of AX in nature, as well as its significance in diverse cultures and traditional health practices, have not been comprehensively explored in previous works. This review article embarks on a comprehensive journey through the history leading up to the present, offering insights into the discovery of AX, its chemical and physical attributes, distribution in organisms, and biosynthesis. Additionally, it delves into the intricate realm of health benefits, biofunctional characteristics, and the current market status of AX. By encompassing these multifaceted aspects, this review aims to provide readers with a more profound understanding and a robust foundation for future scientific endeavors directed at addressing societal needs for sustainable nutritional and medicinal solutions. An updated summary of AXs health benefits, its present market status, and potential future applications are also included for a well-rounded perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Nishida
- Fuji Chemical Industries, Co., Ltd., 55 Yokohoonji, Kamiich-machi, Nakaniikawa-gun, Toyama 930-0405, Japan
| | | | - Behnaz Shakersain
- AstaReal AB, Signum, Forumvägen 14, Level 16, 131 53 Nacka, Sweden; (P.C.B.); (B.S.)
| | - Karen Hecht
- AstaReal, Inc., 3 Terri Lane, Unit 12, Burlington, NJ 08016, USA;
| | - Akiko Takikawa
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan;
| | - Ruohan Tao
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda 669-1330, Japan; (R.T.); (Y.K.); (C.U.); (H.H.)
| | - Yumeka Kakuta
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda 669-1330, Japan; (R.T.); (Y.K.); (C.U.); (H.H.)
| | - Chiasa Uragami
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda 669-1330, Japan; (R.T.); (Y.K.); (C.U.); (H.H.)
| | - Hideki Hashimoto
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda 669-1330, Japan; (R.T.); (Y.K.); (C.U.); (H.H.)
| | - Norihiko Misawa
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Suematsu, Nonoichi-shi 921-8836, Japan;
| | - Takashi Maoka
- Research Institute for Production Development, 15 Shimogamo-morimoto-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-0805, Japan
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Zarekarizi A, Hoffmann L, Burritt DJ. The potential of manipulating light in the commercial production of carotenoids from algae. ALGAL RES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2023.103047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
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4
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Sung YJ, Sim SJ. Multifaceted strategies for economic production of microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis-derived astaxanthin via direct conversion of CO 2. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126255. [PMID: 34757226 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Owing to its strong antioxidant properties, astaxanthin has a high market price in the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical fields, and its demand is increasing. Furthermore, with an increase in the demand for green technology, astaxanthin production through direct CO2 conversion using the autotrophic green microalga Haematococcus pluvialis as a bio-platform has received much attention. Large-scale outdoor cultivation of H. pluvialis using waste CO2 sources and sunlight can secure sustainability and improve economic efficiency. However, low strain performance, reduced light utilization because of increased cell density, and inefficient transfer of gaseous CO2 into liquid culture broth hinder its large-scale commercialization of astaxanthin. Herein, we presented a multifaceted strategy, including the development of high-efficiency strains, a culture system for astaxanthin accumulation, and astaxanthin extraction from biomass, for economically producing astaxanthin from H. pluvialis through direct CO2 conversion. Future perspectives were presented by comparing and analyzing various previous studies conducted using the latest technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Joon Sung
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jun Sim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Examination of Photo-, Mixo-, and Heterotrophic Cultivation Conditions on Haematococcus pluvialis Cyst Cell Germination. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11167201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis is used for the biotechnological production of astaxanthin. The red carotenoid accumulates in the cytoplasm under unfavorable conditions. Astaxanthin synthesis is associated with the transformation of motile vegetative cells into non-motile cyst cells. In the industrial process, after harvesting, the cyst cells are mechanically disrupted, dried, and finally, astaxanthin is extracted with supercritical CO2. The germination of the cyst cells represents an interesting alternative, replacing the mechanical cyst cell wall disruption. When cyst cells are exposed to favorable growth conditions, germination of the cyst cells occurs and zoospores are released after a certain time. These zoospores show a much weaker cell matrix compared to cyst cells. In this study, germination under phototrophic, mixotrophic, and heterotrophic conditions was examined. Glucose was used as the carbon source for mixotrophic and heterotrophic germination. Applying heterotrophic conditions, up to 80% of the cells were in the zoospore stage 49 h after the start of germination, and extraction yields of up to 50% were achieved using the solvent ethyl acetate for the extraction of astaxanthin from the algal broth containing zoospores. An extraction yield of up to 64% could be achieved by doubling the nitrate concentration and combining mixotrophic and heterotrophic cultivation.
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Combined Production of Astaxanthin and β-Carotene in a New Strain of the Microalga Bracteacoccus aggregatus BM5/15 (IPPAS C-2045) Cultivated in Photobioreactor. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10070643. [PMID: 34356498 PMCID: PMC8301135 DOI: 10.3390/biology10070643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoids astaxanthin and β-carotene are widely used natural antioxidants. They are key components of functional food, cosmetics, drugs and animal feeding. They hold leader positions on the world carotenoid market. In current work, we characterize the new strain of the green microalga Bracteacoccus aggregatus BM5/15 and propose the method of its culturing in a bubble-column photobioreactor for simultaneous production of astaxanthin and β-carotene. Culture was monitored by light microscopy and pigment kinetics. Fatty acid profile was evaluated by tandem gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry. Pigments were obtained by the classical two-stage scheme of autotrophic cultivation. At the first, vegetative, stage biomass accumulation occurred. Maximum specific growth rate and culture productivity at this stage were 100-200 mg∙L-1∙day-1, and 0.33 day-1, respectively. At the second, inductive, stage carotenoid synthesis was promoted. Maximal carotenoid fraction in the biomass was 2.2-2.4%. Based on chromatography data, astaxanthin and β-carotene constituted 48 and 13% of total carotenoid mass, respectively. Possible pathways of astaxanthin synthesis are proposed based on carotenoid composition. Collectively, a new strain B. aggregatus BM5/15 is a potential biotechnological source of two natural antioxidants, astaxanthin and β-carotene. The results give the rise for further works on optimization of B. aggregatus cultivation on an industrial scale.
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Tao M, Xiao K, Zheng Y, Li Z, Luo Q, Wang G, Hu Z. Identification and characterization of a novel Channelrhodopsin gene HpChR1 in Haematococcus pluvialis. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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8
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Hu Q, Song M, Huang D, Hu Z, Wu Y, Wang C. Haematococcus pluvialis Accumulated Lipid and Astaxanthin in a Moderate and Sustainable Way by the Self-Protection Mechanism of Salicylic Acid Under Sodium Acetate Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:763742. [PMID: 34868161 PMCID: PMC8639525 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.763742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
To elucidate the mechanism underlying increased fatty acid and astaxanthin accumulation in Haematococcus pluvialis, transcriptome analysis was performed to gain insights into the multiple defensive systems elicited by salicylic acid combined with sodium acetate (SAHS) stresses with a time course. Totally, 112,886 unigenes and 61,323 non-repeat genes were identified, and genes involved in carbon metabolism, primary and secondary metabolism, and immune system responses were identified. The results revealed that SA and NaAC provide both energy and precursors to improve cell growth of H. pluvialis and enhance carbon assimilation, astaxanthin, and fatty acids production in this microalga with an effective mechanism. Interestingly, SA was considered to play an important role in lowering transcriptional activity of the fatty acid and astaxanthin biosynthesis genes through self-protection metabolism in H. pluvialis, leading to its adaption to HS stress and finally avoiding massive cell death. Moreover, positive correlations between 15 key genes involved in astaxanthin and fatty acid biosynthesis pathways were found, revealing cooperative relation between these pathways at the transcription level. These results not only enriched our knowledge of the astaxanthin accumulation mechanism in H. pluvialis but also provided a new view on increasing astaxanthin production in H. pluvialis by a moderate and sustainable way in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunju Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Marine Resources Big Data Center of South China Sea, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Mingjian Song
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Danqiong Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhangli Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chaogang Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Chaogang Wang,
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9
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Haematococcus pluvialis bioprocess optimization: Effect of light quality, temperature and irradiance on growth, pigment content and photosynthetic response. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.102027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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10
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Li X, Wang X, Duan C, Yi S, Gao Z, Xiao C, Agathos SN, Wang G, Li J. Biotechnological production of astaxanthin from the microalga Haematococcus pluvialis. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 43:107602. [PMID: 32711005 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Although biotechnologies for astaxanthin production from Haematococcus pluvialis have been developed for decades and many production facilities have been established throughout the world, the production cost is still high. This paper is to evaluate the current production processes and production facilities, to analyze the R&D strategies for process improvement, and to review the recent research advances shedding light on production cost reduction. With these efforts being made, we intent to conclude that the production cost of astaxanthin from Haematococcus might be substantially reduced to the levels comparable to that of chemical astaxanthin through further R&D and the future research might need to focus on strain selection and improvement, cultivation process optimization, innovation of cultivation methodologies, and revolution of extraction technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, PR China
| | - Xiaoqian Wang
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, PR China
| | - Chuanlan Duan
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, PR China
| | - Shasha Yi
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, PR China
| | - Zhengquan Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, PR China
| | - Chaowen Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Spiros N Agathos
- Earth and Life Institute, Catholic University of Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Guangce Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Jian Li
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, PR China.
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Karuppan R, Javee A, Gopidas SK, Subramani N. Influence of agriculture fertilizer for the enhanced growth and astaxanthin production from Haematococcus lacustris RRGK isolated from Himachal Pradesh, India. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-019-0543-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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13
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Blue light enhances astaxanthin biosynthesis metabolism and extraction efficiency in Haematococcus pluvialis by inducing haematocyst germination. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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14
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Christian D, Zhang J, Sawdon AJ, Peng CA. Enhanced astaxanthin accumulation in Haematococcus pluvialis using high carbon dioxide concentration and light illumination. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 256:548-551. [PMID: 29482971 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.02.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an economical two-stage method was proposed for the production of natural astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis without a medium replacement step. In stage 1, H. pluvialis were grown under low light illumination until they reached optimal biomass. In stage 2, cells were switched to astaxanthin induction conditions utilizing the combination of high light illumination and elevated carbon dioxide levels (5 or 15%). The introduction of CO2 altered the C/N balance creating a nutrient deficiency without a change of media. The resulting astaxanthin yield was 2-3 times that of using either stressor alone. This astaxanthin induction method has many advantages over current methods including no medium replacement and a short induction time of less than four days.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Christian
- Department of Biological Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, United States
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Biological Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, United States
| | - Alicia J Sawdon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, United States
| | - Ching-An Peng
- Department of Biological Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, United States.
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Bácsi I, Deli J, Gonda S, Mészáros I, Veréb G, Dobronoki D, Nagy SA, B-Béres V, Vasas G. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs initiate morphological changes but inhibit carotenoid accumulation in Haematococcus pluvialis. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Fluorescence lifetime imaging of red yeast Cystofilobasidium capitatum during growth. THE EUROBIOTECH JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.2478/ebtj-2018-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Red yeast Cystofilobasidium capitatum autofluorescence was studied by means of confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) to reveal distribution of carotenoids inside the cells. Yeasts were cultivated in 2L fermentor on glucose medium at permanent light exposure and aeration. Samples were collected at different times for CLSM, gravimetric determination of biomass and HPLC determination of pigments. To compare FLIM (Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy) images and coupled data (obtained by CLSM) with model systems, FLIM analysis was performed on micelles of SDS:ergosterol and SDS:coenzyme Q with different content of ergosterol and coenzyme Q, respectively, and with constant addition of beta-carotene. Liposomes lecithin:ergosterol:beta-carotene were investigated too. Two different intracellular forms of carotenoids were observed during most of cultivations, with third form appeared at the beginning of stationary phase. Observed behavior is probably due to formation of some kind of carotenoid protective system in membranes of different compartments of yeast cell, especially cytoplasmic membrane.
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Kiperstok AC, Sebestyén P, Podola B, Melkonian M. Biofilm cultivation of Haematococcus pluvialis enables a highly productive one-phase process for astaxanthin production using high light intensities. ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2016.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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18
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Enhancement of astaxanthin production using Haematococcus pluvialis with novel LED wavelength shift strategy. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:6231-6238. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7301-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Hong ME, Choi YY, Sim SJ. Effect of red cyst cell inoculation and iron(II) supplementation on autotrophic astaxanthin production by Haematococcus pluvialis under outdoor summer conditions. J Biotechnol 2016; 218:25-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Enhanced autotrophic astaxanthin production from Haematococcus pluvialis under high temperature via heat stress-driven Haber-Weiss reaction. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:5203-15. [PMID: 25683663 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6440-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
High temperatures (30-36 °C) inhibited astaxanthin accumulation in Haematococcus pluvialis under photoautotrophic conditions. The depression of carotenogenesis was primarily attributed to excess intracellular less reactive oxygen species (LROS; O2 (-) and H2O2) levels generated under high temperature conditions. Here, we show that the heat stress-driven inefficient astaxanthin production was improved by accelerating the iron-catalyzed Haber-Weiss reaction to convert LROS into more reactive oxygen species (MROS; O2 and OH·), thereby facilitating lipid peroxidation. As a result, during 18 days of photoautotrophic induction, the astaxanthin concentration of cells cultured in high temperatures in the presence of iron (450 μM) was dramatically increased by 75 % (30 °C) and 133 % (36 °C) compared to that of cells exposed to heat stress alone. The heat stress-driven Haber-Weiss reaction will be useful for economically producing astaxanthin by reducing energy cost and enhancing photoautotrophic astaxanthin production, particularly outdoors utilizing natural solar radiation including heat and light for photo-induction of H. pluvialis.
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Barra L, Chandrasekaran R, Corato F, Brunet C. The challenge of ecophysiological biodiversity for biotechnological applications of marine microalgae. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:1641-75. [PMID: 24663117 PMCID: PMC3967230 DOI: 10.3390/md12031641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we aim to explore the potential of microalgal biodiversity and ecology for biotechnological use. A deeper exploration of the biodiversity richness and ecophysiological properties of microalgae is crucial for enhancing their use for applicative purposes. After describing the actual biotechnological use of microalgae, we consider the multiple faces of taxonomical, morphological, functional and ecophysiological biodiversity of these organisms, and investigate how these properties could better serve the biotechnological field. Lastly, we propose new approaches to enhancing microalgal growth, photosynthesis, and synthesis of valuable products used in biotechnological fields, mainly focusing on culture conditions, especially light manipulations and genetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Barra
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, Naples 80121, Italy.
| | | | - Federico Corato
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, Naples 80121, Italy.
| | - Christophe Brunet
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, Naples 80121, Italy.
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Markou G, Nerantzis E. Microalgae for high-value compounds and biofuels production: A review with focus on cultivation under stress conditions. Biotechnol Adv 2013; 31:1532-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 384] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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de Boer L. Biotechnological production of colorants. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 143:51-89. [PMID: 24037500 DOI: 10.1007/10_2013_241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The color of food and drinks is important, as it is associated with freshness and taste. Despite that natural colorants are more expensive to produce, less stable to heat and light, and less consistent in color range, natural colorants have been gaining market share in recent years. The background is that artificial colorants are often associated with negative health aspects. Considerable progress has been made towards the fermentative production of some colorants. Because colorant biosynthesis is under close metabolic control, extensive strain and process development are needed in order to establish an economical production process. Another approach is the synthesis of colors by means of biotransformation of adequate precursors. Algae represent a promising group of microorganisms that have shown a high potential for the production of different colorants, and dedicated fermentation and downstream technologies have been developed. This chapter reviews the available information with respect to these approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lex de Boer
- Department of Food and Technology, Groen Agro Control B.V, Distributieweg 1, 2645, EG, Delfgauw, The Netherlands,
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24
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Batista AP, Gouveia L, Bandarra NM, Franco JM, Raymundo A. Comparison of microalgal biomass profiles as novel functional ingredient for food products. ALGAL RES 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2013.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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25
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Optimal design of scalable photo-bioreactor for phototropic culturing of Haematococcus pluvialis. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2011; 35:309-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-011-0616-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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26
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Solovchenko A, Khozin-Goldberg I, Recht L, Boussiba S. Stress-induced changes in optical properties, pigment and fatty acid content of Nannochloropsis sp.: implications for non-destructive assay of total fatty acids. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2011; 13:527-35. [PMID: 20882331 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-010-9323-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2010] [Accepted: 09/08/2010] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In order to develop a practical approach for fast and non-destructive assay of total fatty acid (TFA) and pigments in the biomass of the marine microalga Nannochloropsis sp. changes in TFA, chlorophyll, and carotenoid contents were monitored in parallel with the cell suspension absorbance. The experiments were conducted with the cultures grown under normal (complete nutrient f/2 medium at 75 μmol PAR photons/(m(2) s)) or stressful (nitrogen-lacking media at 350 μmol PAR photons/(m(2) s)) conditions. The reliable measurement of the cell suspension absorbance using a spectrophotometer without integrating sphere was achieved by deposition of cells on glass-fiber filters in the chlorophyll content range of 3-13 mg/L. Under stressful conditions, a 30-50% decline in biomass and chlorophyll, retention of carotenoids and a build-up of TFA (15-45 % of dry weight) were recorded. Spectral regions sensitive to widely ranging changes in carotenoid-to-chlorophyll ratio and correlated changes of TFA content were revealed. Employing the tight inter-correlation of stress-induced changes in lipid metabolism and rearrangement of the pigment apparatus, the spectral indices were constructed for non-destructive assessment of carotenoid-to-chlorophyll ratio (range 0.3-0.6; root mean square error (RMSE) = 0.03; r (2) = 0.93) as well as TFA content of Nannochloropsis sp. biomass (range 5.0-45%; RMSE = 3.23 %; r (2) = 0.89) in the broad band 400-550 nm normalized to that in chlorophyll absorption band (centered at 678 nm). The findings are discussed in the context of real-time monitoring of the TFA accumulation by Nannochloropsis cultures under stressful conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Solovchenko
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, GSP-1, 119991, Moscow, Russia.
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27
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Guedes AC, Amaro HM, Malcata FX. Microalgae as sources of carotenoids. Mar Drugs 2011; 9:625-644. [PMID: 21731554 PMCID: PMC3124977 DOI: 10.3390/md9040625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine microalgae constitute a natural source of a variety of drugs for pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic applications-which encompass carotenoids, among others. A growing body of experimental evidence has confirmed that these compounds can play important roles in prevention (and even treatment) of human diseases and health conditions, e.g., cancer, cardiovascular problems, atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, muscular dystrophy, cataracts and some neurological disorders. The underlying features that may account for such favorable biological activities are their intrinsic antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antitumoral features. In this invited review, the most important issues regarding synthesis of carotenoids by microalgae are described and discussed-from both physiological and processing points of view. Current gaps of knowledge, as well as technological opportunities in the near future relating to this growing field of interest, are also put forward in a critical manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Catarina Guedes
- CIMAR/CIIMAR—Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas 177, P-4050-123 Porto, Portugal; E-Mails: (A.C.G.); (H.M.A.)
| | - Helena M. Amaro
- CIMAR/CIIMAR—Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas 177, P-4050-123 Porto, Portugal; E-Mails: (A.C.G.); (H.M.A.)
| | - Francisco Xavier Malcata
- ISMAI—Instituto Superior da Maia, Avenida Carlos Oliveira Campos, P-4475-690 Avioso S. Pedro, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, P-2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
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28
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Solovchenko A. Manifestations of the Buildup of Screening Pigments in the Optical Properties of Plants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-13887-4_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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29
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Fed-batch culture of astaxanthin-rich Haematococcus pluvialis by exponential nutrient feeding and stepwise light supplementation. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2009; 33:133-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-009-0362-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2009] [Accepted: 07/26/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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30
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Qin S, Liu GX, Hu ZY. The accumulation and metabolism of astaxanthin in Scenedesmus obliquus (Chlorophyceae). Process Biochem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2008.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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31
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Kang CD, Sim SJ. Direct extraction of astaxanthin from Haematococcus culture using vegetable oils. Biotechnol Lett 2007; 30:441-4. [PMID: 17972016 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-007-9578-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2007] [Revised: 10/11/2007] [Accepted: 10/15/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A green, downstream process using common vegetable oils was used for the direct extraction of astaxanthin from Haematococcus. The process consists of a single integrated unit to extract astaxanthin with subsequent separation of the astaxanthin-containing oil extract. Without a cell harvest process step, the culture broth was directly mixed with the vegetable oils; the astaxanthin inside the cell was extracted into the vegetable oil phase by hydrophobic interactions, with recovery yields of 88% and above. The oil extracts were simply separated from the culture medium containing cell debris by gravity settling only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Duk Kang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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32
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Kang CD, Lee JS, Park TH, Sim SJ. Complementary limiting factors of astaxanthin synthesis during photoautotrophic induction of Haematococcus pluvialis: C/N ratio and light intensity. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2007; 74:987-94. [PMID: 17216459 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-006-0759-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2006] [Revised: 11/10/2006] [Accepted: 11/11/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio on astaxanthin synthesis in Haematococcus pluvialis during photoautotrophic induction by continuous input of both CO(2)-air mixture and intense light. When H. pluvialis was induced by constant irradiance induction at 200 micromol photon m(-2) s(-1), there was a positive correlation with astaxanthin content and C/N ratio, which was similar to the case for heterotrophic induction. Lower C/N ratios did not retard Haematococcus encystment, but did increase culture biomass, resulting in a decrease in astaxanthin production because of light limitation. However, induction using variable irradiance showed that reduction of astaxanthin production at low C/N ratios was successfully overcome by simply increasing the light intensity from 200 to 300 micromol photon m(-2) s(-1) to overcome the light limitation. This resulted in a greatly enhanced astaxanthin synthesis in proportion to cell density in cultures with low C/N ratios. Our results indicate that light intensity is more critical than C/N ratio in astaxanthin production by H. pluvialis during photoautotrophic induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Kang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, South Korea
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33
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Vidhyavathi R, Venkatachalam L, Kamath BS, Sarada R, Ravishankar GA. Differential expression of carotenogenic genes and associated changes in pigment profile during regeneration of Haematococcus pluvialis cysts. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2007; 75:879-87. [PMID: 17318532 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-007-0876-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2006] [Revised: 01/30/2007] [Accepted: 01/30/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Haematococcus pluvialis is a green alga known to accumulate astaxanthin in extra-plastidic lipid vesicles under stress conditions. The present study revealed the influence of few cultural parameters and temperature treatments on regeneration efficiency of red cysts along with changes in pigment profile and expression of carotenogenic genes during regeneration. Regeneration efficiency has been improved by incubating less aged cyst cells in a medium containing ammonium carbonate, 16:8 light-dark cycle with a light intensity of 30 mumol m(-2) s(-1). During regeneration, there was a decrease in total astaxanthin, total carotenoids, and carotenoid to chlorophyll ratio, and increase in beta-carotene, lutein, total chlorophyll, and chlorophyll a to b ratio. Expression analysis revealed the presence of transcripts of carotenogenic genes, phytoene synthase (PSY), phytoene desaturase (PDS), lycopene cyclase (LCY), beta-carotene ketolase (BKT), and beta-carotene hydroxylase (CHY) in cyst cells, and these transcripts were up regulated transiently upon transfer to favorable conditions. As the culture growth progressed, carotenogenic gene expressions were decreased and reached basal expression levels of green motile vegetative cells. In addition, this is the first report of detection of carotenogenic gene transcripts in red cysts, and their differential expression during regeneration. The present study suggests the use of red cysts as alternate inoculum for mass cultivation to combat protozoan predation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raman Vidhyavathi
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570 020, India.
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34
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Wu ZY, Shi CL, Shi XM. Modeling of lutein production by heterotrophic Chlorella in batch and fed-batch cultures. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-007-9354-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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35
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Del Campo JA, García-González M, Guerrero MG. Outdoor cultivation of microalgae for carotenoid production: current state and perspectives. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2007; 74:1163-74. [PMID: 17277962 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-007-0844-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2006] [Revised: 12/28/2006] [Accepted: 12/29/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae are a major natural source for a vast array of valuable compounds, including a diversity of pigments, for which these photosynthetic microorganisms represent an almost exclusive biological resource. Yellow, orange, and red carotenoids have an industrial use in food products and cosmetics as vitamin supplements and health food products and as feed additives for poultry, livestock, fish, and crustaceans. The growing worldwide market value of carotenoids is projected to reach over US$1,000 million by the end of the decade. The nutraceutical boom has also integrated carotenoids mainly on the claim of their proven antioxidant properties. Recently established benefits in human health open new uses for some carotenoids, especially lutein, an effective agent for the prevention and treatment of a variety of degenerative diseases. Consumers' demand for natural products favors development of pigments from biological sources, thus increasing opportunities for microalgae. The biotechnology of microalgae has gained considerable progress and relevance in recent decades, with carotenoid production representing one of its most successful domains. In this paper, we review the most relevant features of microalgal biotechnology related to the production of different carotenoids outdoors, with a main focus on beta-carotene from Dunaliella, astaxanthin from Haematococcus, and lutein from chlorophycean strains. We compare the current state of the corresponding production technologies, based on either open-pond systems or closed photobioreactors. The potential of scientific and technological advances for improvements in yield and reduction in production costs for carotenoids from microalgae is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Del Campo
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain
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36
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Kim ZH, Kim SH, Lee HS, Lee CG. Enhanced production of astaxanthin by flashing light using Haematococcus pluvialis. Enzyme Microb Technol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2005.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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37
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Kang CD, Lee JS, Park TH, Sim SJ. Comparison of heterotrophic and photoautotrophic induction on astaxanthin production by Haematococcus pluvialis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2005; 68:237-41. [PMID: 15711942 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-005-1889-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2004] [Revised: 12/15/2004] [Accepted: 12/18/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
During light induction for astaxanthin formation in Haematococcus pluvialis, we substituted photoautotrophic induction for heterotrophic induction using acetate, both to prevent contamination by heterotrophs due to addition of organic carbon and to enhance carbon assimilation in the induced cells. Strong photoautotrophic induction was performed by N-deprivation of photoautotrophically grown Haematococcus cells followed by supplementation with bicarbonate (HCO(3)(-)) or CO(2). Bicarbonate-induced cells contained more astaxanthin than acetate-induced cells, and even further enhancement of astaxanthin accumulation was achieved by continuous CO(2) supply. The maximum astaxanthin content (77.2 mg g(-1) biomass, 3.4-fold higher than with heterotrophic induction) was obtained under conditions of 5% CO(2), yielding astaxanthin concentration and productivity of 175.7 mg l(-1) and 6.25 mg l(-1) day(-1), respectively. The results indicate that photoautotrophic induction is more effective than heterotrophic induction for astaxanthin synthesis in H. pluvialis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Kang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
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38
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In situ carbon dioxide fixation in the process of natural astaxanthin production by a mixed culture of Haematococcus pluvialis and Phaffia rhodozyma. Catal Today 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2004.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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