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Sandberg MW, Bunkenborg J, Thyssen S, Villadsen M, Kofoed T. Characterization of a novel + 70 Da modification in rhGM-CSF expressed in E. coli using chemical assays in combination with mass spectrometry. Amino Acids 2021; 54:601-613. [PMID: 34453584 PMCID: PMC9117350 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-03004-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a cytokine and a white blood cell growth factor that has found usage as a therapeutic protein. During analysis of different fermentation batches of GM-CSF recombinantly expressed in E. coli, a covalent modification was identified on the protein by intact mass spectrometry. The modification gave a mass shift of + 70 Da and peptide mapping analysis demonstrated that it located to the protein N-terminus and lysine side chains. The chemical composition of C4H6O was found to be the best candidate by peptide fragmentation using tandem mass spectrometry. The modification likely contains a carbonyl group, since the mass of the modification increased by 2 Da by reduction with borane pyridine complex and it reacted with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine. On the basis of chemical and tandem mass spectrometry fragmentation behavior, the modification could be attributed to crotonaldehyde, a reactive compound formed during lipid peroxidation. A low recorded oxygen pressure in the reactor during protein expression could be linked to the formation of this compound. This study shows the importance of maintaining full control over all reaction parameters during recombinant protein production.
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Khezri G, Baghban Kohneh Rouz B, Ofoghi H, Davarpanah SJ. Heterologous expression of biologically active Mambalgin-1 peptide as a new potential anticancer, using a PVX-based viral vector in Nicotiana benthamiana. PLANT CELL, TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE 2020; 142:241-251. [PMID: 32836586 PMCID: PMC7323601 DOI: 10.1007/s11240-020-01838-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mambalgin-1 is a peptide that acts as a potent analgesic through inhibiting acid-sensing ion channels (ASIC) in nerve cells. Research has shown that ASIC channels are involved in the proliferation and growth of cancer cells; therefore, Mambalgin-1 can be a potential anti-cancer by inhibiting these channels. In the present study, the Nicotiana benthamiana codon optimized Mambalgin-1 gene was synthesized and cloned in PVX (potato virus X) viral vector. The two cultures of Agrobacterium containing Mambalgin-1 and P19 silencing suppressor genes were co-agroinfiltrated into N. benthamiana leaves. Five days post infiltration, the production of recombinant Mambalgin-1 was determined by western blotting. For biological activity, MTT (3(4, 5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) was analyzed for the cytotoxicity recombinant Mambalgin-1 from the transformed plants on nervous (SH-SY5Y) and breast (MCF7) cancer cells. The results showed that the plants expressing open reading frame of Mambalgin-1 showed recombinant 7.4 kDa proteins in the entire plant extract. In the MTT test, it was found that Mambalgin-1 had cytotoxic effects on SH-SY5Y cancer cells, yet no effects on MCF7 cancer cells were observed. According to the results, the expression of the biologically active recombinant Mambalgin-1 in the transformed plant leaves was confirmed and Mambalgin-1 can also have anti-cancer (inhibition of ASIC channels) potential along with its already known analgesic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghaffar Khezri
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Hamideh Ofoghi
- Department of Biotechnology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Javad Davarpanah
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Mohammadzadeh S, Ofoghi H, Ebrahimi-Rad M, Ehsani P. Construction of bicistronic cassette for co-expressing hepatitis B surface antigen and mouse granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor as adjuvant in tobacco plant. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2019; 57:669-675. [PMID: 31549887 PMCID: PMC8871599 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2019.1662458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Context: The co-delivery of adjuvant and antigen has shown to be more effective for targeting the immune response than antigen alone. Therefore, designing an efficient bicistronic system is more assuring for production of both elements in the same tobacco cells as a plant model system. Objective: Comparing the efficient transient co-expression of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and mouse granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (mGM-CSF) in tobacco leaves by designing either mono or bicistronic cassettes. Materials and methods: Four expression cassettes containing tobacco etch virus (TEV) leader sequence were constructed with and without above genes in different orders. The cassettes were transferred into tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum L. (Solanaceae), leaves by agroinfiltration technique. The expression levels were compared using ELISA and western blotting and bioactivity of cytokine was assessed by in vitro proliferation of mouse GM-CSF-responsive progenitor cells. Results: Agroinfiltrated leaves contained recombinant HBsAg protein at 20-50 ng/mg and mGM-CSF at 0.2-4 ng/mg in both nonglycosylated and glycosylated forms. The highest expression obtained in HBsAg and mGM-CSF monocistronic co-agroinfiltrated leaves. The expression of mGM-CSF was 1.1 and 0.2 ng/mg in two different orders of bicistronic cassettes. The growth frequency of GM progenitors was approximately 1/187 cells for standard rGM-CSF and 3.2 times less activity for the plant produced. Discussion and conclusions: The recombinant mGM-CSF was produced less in bicistronic cassette than other forms; however, co-presenting of both vaccine candidate and adjuvant is confirmed and could be promising for amelioration of plant expression system as a means for vaccine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Mohammadzadeh
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hamideh Ofoghi
- Department of Biotechnology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Parastoo Ehsani
- Molecular Biology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Burlakovskiy MS, Yemelyanov VV, Lutova LA. Plant Based Bioreactors of Recombinant Cytokines (Review). APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2016; 52:121-137. [PMID: 32214409 PMCID: PMC7087682 DOI: 10.1134/s0003683816020034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines are a family of signaling polypeptides involved in intercellular interactions in the process of the immune response, as well as in the regulation of a number of normal physiological functions. Cytokines are used in medicine for the treatment of cancer, immune disorders, viral infections, and other socially significant diseases, but the extent of their use is limited by the high production cost of the active agent. The development of this area of pharmacology is associated with the success of genetic engineering, which allows the production of significant amounts of protein by transgenic organisms. The review discusses the latest advances in the production of various cytokines with the use of genetically modified plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. S. Burlakovskiy
- Biology Faculty, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 199034 Russia
| | - V. V. Yemelyanov
- Biology Faculty, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 199034 Russia
| | - L. A. Lutova
- Biology Faculty, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 199034 Russia
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Putlyaev EV, Smirnov AA, Karpova OV, Atabekov JG. Double Subgenomic Promoter Control for a Target Gene Superexpression by a Plant Viral Vector. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2015; 80:1039-46. [PMID: 26547072 DOI: 10.1134/s000629791508009x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Several new deconstructed vectors based on a potexvirus genome sequence for efficient expression of heterologous proteins in plants were designed. The first obtained vector (AltMV-single), based on the Alternanthera mosaic virus (AltMV) strain MU genome, bears a typical architecture for deconstructed plant viral vectors, i.e. a triple gene block was deleted from the viral genome and the model gene of interest was placed under control of the first viral subgenomic promoter. To enhance the efficiency of expression, maintained by the AltMV-single, another vector (AltMV-double) was designed. In AltMV-double, the gene of interest was controlled by two viral subgenomic promoters located sequentially without a gap upstream of the target gene. It was found that AltMV-double provided a significantly higher level of accumulation of the target protein in plants than AltMV-single. Moreover, our data clearly show the requirement of the presence and functioning of both the subgenomic promoters for demonstrated high level of target protein expression by AltMV-double. Taken together, our results describe an additional possible way to enhance the efficiency of transient protein expression maintained in plants by a plant viral vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Putlyaev
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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Vojta L, Ljuma-Skupnjak L, Budimir A, Vukičević S, Fulgosi H. Rapid transient expression of human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in two industrial cultivars of tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L.) by agroinfiltration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [PMID: 28626718 PMCID: PMC5466047 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Successful expression of human cytokine GM-CSF in two industrial tobacco cultivars is achieved. Rapid cloning in two binary destination vectors is accomplished by using Gateway approach. Agrobacterial infiltration procedure is optimized and shown to require the surface tension lowering agent Silwet L-77. Accumulation of recombinant protein was confirmed by using high affinity monoclonal hemagglutinin tag antibodies. Production of hGM-CSF has been achieved without plant codon usage optimization.
We report the production of hGM-CSF cytokine in leaves of industrial tobacco cultivars DH-17 and DH-27 by using Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression. We prove the concept that very high biomass industrial tobacco plants are suitable platforms for rapid, low cost production of foreign proteins. Successful transient expression of the GM-CSF was achieved in less than three months, opening the possibility for future applications of this approach in rapid response production of various proteins of non-plant origin in industrial tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Vojta
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, Zagreb 10000 , Croatia
| | | | - Ankica Budimir
- Hrvatski duhani d.d. Virovitica P.C. Kutjevo, Zagrebačka 52, Kutjevo 34340 , Croatia
| | - Slobodan Vukičević
- Department of Anatomy and Clinical Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 11, Zagreb 10000 , Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Fulgosi
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, Zagreb 10000 , Croatia
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +385 14680238; fax: +385 14561177
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Kosobokova EN, Skrypnik KA, Pinyugina MV, Shcherbakov AI, Kosorukov VS. Optimization of the refolding of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor immobilized on affinity sorbent. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683814080031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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da Cunha NB, Vianna GR, da Almeida Lima T, Rech E. Molecular farming of human cytokines and blood products from plants: Challenges in biosynthesis and detection of plant-produced recombinant proteins. Biotechnol J 2013; 9:39-50. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201300062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Piotrzkowski N, Schillberg S, Rasche S. Tackling heterogeneity: a leaf disc-based assay for the high-throughput screening of transient gene expression in tobacco. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45803. [PMID: 23029251 PMCID: PMC3448687 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient Agrobacterium-mediated gene expression assays for Nicotiana tabacum (N. tabacum) are frequently used because they facilitate the comparison of multiple expression constructs regarding their capacity for maximum recombinant protein production. However, for three model proteins, we found that recombinant protein accumulation (rpa) was significantly influenced by leaf age and leaf position effects. The ratio between the highest and lowest amount of protein accumulation (max/min ratio) was found to be as high as 11. Therefore, construct-based impacts on the rpa level that are less than 11-fold will be masked by background noise. To address this problem, we developed a leaf disc-based screening assay and infiltration device that allows the rpa level in a whole tobacco plant to be reliably and reproducibly determined. The prototype of the leaf disc infiltration device allows 14 Agrobacterium-mediated infiltration events to be conducted in parallel. As shown for three model proteins, the average max/min rpa ratio was reduced to 1.4 using this method, which allows for a sensitive comparison of different genetic elements affecting recombinant protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Piotrzkowski
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Schillberg
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Rasche
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Aachen, Germany
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Recombinant cytokines from plants. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:3536-52. [PMID: 21747693 PMCID: PMC3131577 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12063536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Revised: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-based platforms have been successfully applied for the last two decades for the efficient production of pharmaceutical proteins. The number of commercialized products biomanufactured in plants is, however, rather discouraging. Cytokines are small glycosylated polypeptides used in the treatment of cancer, immune disorders and various other related diseases. Because the clinical use of cytokines is limited by high production costs they are good candidates for plant-made pharmaceuticals. Several research groups explored the possibilities of cost-effective production of animal cytokines in plant systems. This review summarizes recent advances in this field.
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Góra-Sochacka A, Redkiewicz P, Napiórkowska B, Gaganidze D, Brodzik R, Sirko A. Recombinant mouse granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor is glycosylated in transgenic tobacco and maintains its biological activity. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2010; 30:135-42. [PMID: 20038209 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2009.0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a cytokine with many important applications and, due to its immunostimulatory properties, could also be used as a vaccine adjuvant. A simple strategy to produce recombinant mouse GM-CSF (mGM-CSF) in transgenic Nicotiana tabacum plants was used in this study. The mGM-CSF cDNA followed by the sequence encoding endoplasmic reticulum retention signal (KDEL) was cloned into the ImpactVector under the control of the strong promoter from the gene encoding a small subunit of Rubisco. In transgenic plants the accumulation level of recombinant mGM-CSF varied in the individual transformants from 8 to 19 microg/g of fresh leaf tissue, which makes up to 0.22% of total soluble protein. In most analyzed plants, the apparent molecular weight of the recombinant protein was larger than predicted due to its N-glycosylation, presumably in 2 sites. The recombinant plant-produced murine GM-CSF retained its biological activity as confirmed in vitro in proliferation assay using a mouse cell line, which is growth-dependent on GM-CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Góra-Sochacka
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Zvereva AS, Petrovskaya LE, Rodina AV, Frolova OY, Ivanov PA, Shingarova LN, Komarova TV, Dorokhov YL, Dolgikh DA, Kirpichnikov MP, Atabekov JG. Production of biologically active human myelocytokines in plants. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2009; 74:1187-94. [PMID: 19916932 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297909110029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
An effective system for expression of human granulocyte and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factors (hG-CSF and hGM-CSF) in Nicotiana benthamiana plants was developed using viral vector based on tobacco mosaic virus infecting cruciferous plants. The genes of target proteins were cloned into the viral vector driven by actin promoter of Arabidopsis thaliana. The expression vectors were delivered into plant cells by agroinjection. Maximal synthesis rate was detected 5 days after injection and was up to 500 and 300 mg per kg of fresh leaves for hG-CSF and hGM-CSF, respectively. The yield of purified hG-CSF and hGM-CSF was 100 and 50 mg/kg of fresh leaves, respectively. Recombinant plant-made hG-CSF and hGM-CSF stimulated proliferation of murine bone marrow and human erythroleucosis TF-1 cells, respectively, at the same rate as the commercial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Zvereva
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
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Kim YS, Lee YH, Kim HS, Kim MS, Hahn KW, Ko JH, Joung H, Jeon JH. Development of patatin knockdown potato tubers using RNA interference (RNAi) technology, for the production of human-therapeutic glycoproteins. BMC Biotechnol 2008; 8:36. [PMID: 18384693 PMCID: PMC2335101 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-8-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2007] [Accepted: 04/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patatins encoded by a multi-gene family are one of the major storage glycoproteins in potato tubers. Potato tubers have recently emerged as bioreactors for the production of human therapeutic glycoproteins (vaccines). Increasing the yield of recombinant proteins, targeting the produced proteins to specific cellular compartments, and diminishing expensive protein purification steps are important research goals in plant biotechnology. In the present study, potato patatins were eliminated almost completely via RNA interference (RNAi) technology to develop potato tubers as a more efficient protein expression system. The gene silencing effect of patatins in the transgenic potato plants was examined at individual isoform levels. RESULTS Based upon the sequence similarity within the multi-gene family of patatins, a highly conserved target sequence (635 nts) of patatin gene pat3-k1 [GenBank accession no. DQ114421] in potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L.) was amplified for the construction of a patatin-specific hairpin RNAi (hpRNAi) vector. The CaMV 35S promoter-driven patatin hpRNAi vector was transformed into the potato cultivar Desiree by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Ten transgenic potato lines bearing patatin hpRNA were generated. The effects of RNA interference were characterized at both the protein and mRNA levels using 1D and 2D SDS/PAGE and quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis. Dependent upon the patatin hpRNAi line, patatins decreased by approximately 99% at both the protein and mRNA levels. However, the phenotype (e.g. the number and size of potato tuber, average tuber weight, growth pattern, etc.) of hpRNAi lines was not distinguishable from wild-type potato plants under both in vitro and ex vitro growth conditions. During glycoprotein purification, patatin-knockdown potato tubers allowed rapid purification of other potato glycoproteins with less contamination of patatins. CONCLUSION Patatin-specific hpRNAi effectively suppressed the expression of a majority of patatin variants in potato tubers via the specific degradation of individual mRNAs of the patatin multi-gene family. More importantly, patatin-knockdown potato tubers appear to be an ideal host for the production of human therapeutic glycoproteins, because they eventually allow fast, easy purification of recombinant proteins, with less contamination from potato glycoprotein patatins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Sik Kim
- Plant Genome Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.
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