1
|
Ahmed F, Mirani ZA, Urooj S, Noor Ul Hudda H, Janees Imdad M, Zhao Y, Malakar PK. A rare biofilm dispersion strategy demonstrated by Staphylococcus aureus under oxacillin stress. Microb Pathog 2024; 194:106838. [PMID: 39111368 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), a versatile Gram-positive bacterium, is implicated in a spectrum of infections, and its resilience is often attributed to biofilm formation. This study investigates the effect of sub-inhibitory doses of oxacillin on biofilm formation by methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Specifically, it examines how these doses influence biofilms' development, maturation, and dispersal. The biofilm's zenith reached 48 h of incubation, followed by a noteworthy decline at 96 h and a distinctive clearance zone around biofilm-positive cells exposed to oxacillin. Scanning electron micrographs unveiled an intriguing active biofilm dispersal mechanism, a rarity in this species. Among 180 isolates, only three carrying the elusive icaD gene exhibited this phenomenon. icaD gene was absent in their counterparts. Notably, the icaD gene emerges as a distinctive marker, crucial in regulating biofilm dispersion and setting these isolates apart. The captivating interplay of oxacillin, biofilm dynamics, and genetic signatures disintegrate novel dimensions in understanding MRSA's adaptive strategies and underscores the importance of the icaD gene in engineering biofilm resilience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faraz Ahmed
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; International Research Centre for Food and Health, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zulfiqar Ali Mirani
- Microbiology Section, FMRRC, PCSIR Laboratories Complex Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Shaista Urooj
- Aquatic Diagnostic and Research Center Bahria University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Janees Imdad
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; International Research Centre for Food and Health, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; International Research Centre for Food and Health, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai, China
| | - Pradeep K Malakar
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; International Research Centre for Food and Health, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kaplan JB, Sukhishvili SA, Sailer M, Kridin K, Ramasubbu N. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Dispersin B: The Quintessential Antibiofilm Enzyme. Pathogens 2024; 13:668. [PMID: 39204268 PMCID: PMC11357414 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13080668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix of most bacterial biofilms contains polysaccharides, proteins, and nucleic acids. These biopolymers have been shown to mediate fundamental biofilm-related phenotypes including surface attachment, intercellular adhesion, and biocide resistance. Enzymes that degrade polymeric biofilm matrix components, including glycoside hydrolases, proteases, and nucleases, are useful tools for studying the structure and function of biofilm matrix components and are also being investigated as potential antibiofilm agents for clinical use. Dispersin B is a well-studied, broad-spectrum antibiofilm glycoside hydrolase produced by Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Dispersin B degrades poly-N-acetylglucosamine, a biofilm matrix polysaccharide that mediates biofilm formation, stress tolerance, and biocide resistance in numerous Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogens. Dispersin B has been shown to inhibit biofilm and pellicle formation; detach preformed biofilms; disaggregate bacterial flocs; sensitize preformed biofilms to detachment by enzymes, detergents, and metal chelators; and sensitize preformed biofilms to killing by antiseptics, antibiotics, bacteriophages, macrophages, and predatory bacteria. This review summarizes the results of nearly 100 in vitro and in vivo studies that have been carried out on dispersin B since its discovery 20 years ago. These include investigations into the biological function of the enzyme, its structure and mechanism of action, and its in vitro and in vivo antibiofilm activities against numerous bacterial species. Also discussed are potential clinical applications of dispersin B.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey B. Kaplan
- Laboratory for Skin Research, Institute for Medical Research, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya 2210001, Israel;
| | - Svetlana A. Sukhishvili
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | | | - Khalaf Kridin
- Laboratory for Skin Research, Institute for Medical Research, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya 2210001, Israel;
- The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel
| | - Narayanan Ramasubbu
- Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ 07103, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Principi N, Esposito S. Biofilm Production and Its Implications in Pediatrics. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1522. [PMID: 39203365 PMCID: PMC11356046 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12081522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Biofilms, aggregates of bacteria enclosed in a self-produced matrix, have been implicated in various pediatric respiratory infections, including acute otitis media (AOM), otitis media with effusion (OME), adenoiditis, protracted bacterial bronchitis, and pulmonary exacerbations in cystic fibrosis. These infections are prevalent in children and often associated with biofilm-producing pathogens, leading to recurrent and chronic conditions. Biofilms reduce antibiotic efficacy, contributing to treatment failure and disease persistence. This narrative review discusses biofilm production by respiratory pathogens such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. It examines their mechanisms of biofilm formation, antibiotic resistance, and the challenges they present in clinical treatment. Various antibiofilm strategies have shown promise in vitro and in animal studies, including the use of N-acetylcysteine, enzymes like dispersin B, and agents disrupting quorum sensing and biofilm matrix components. However, their clinical application, particularly in children, remains limited. Traditional treatments for biofilm-associated diseases have not significantly evolved, even with biofilm detection. The transition from experimental findings to clinical practice is complex and requires robust clinical trials and standardized biofilm detection protocols. Addressing biofilms in pediatric respiratory infections is crucial for improving treatment outcomes and managing recurrent and chronic diseases effectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Susanna Esposito
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Meng X, Huang Y, Zhou J, Yin X, Han Q, Huo L, Lei Y. The Effect of Bovine Trypsin on the Adhesion and pH of Dental Plaque Biofilms: An In Vitro Study. Int Dent J 2024:S0020-6539(24)00129-1. [PMID: 38760192 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2024.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of bovine trypsin on the adhesion and pH of dental plaque biofilms. METHODS A multispecies dental plaque biofilm model and a single-species dental plaque biofilm model were established in vitro. Three groups were tested: (1) blank control group (aseptic ultrapure water); (2) negative control group (1M Tris-HCl buffer, pH = 7.4); and (3) experimental group (bovine trypsin). Adhesion ability was measured using an automatic microplate reader and visualised by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The pH was measured using a pH meter. The expression of gtfB, gtfC, and gtfD was analysed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Adhesion ability in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the blank group and the negative control group (P < .05); readhesion ability in the experimental group was inhibited for a certain period of time (24-hour multispecies biofilms were inhibited from 4 to 8 hours, and the 48- and 72-hour multispecies biofilms were inhibited from 2 to 6 hours; P < .05). The decrease in pH was inhibited for a certain period of time (24-hour multispecies biofilms were inhibited from 2 to 8 hours, and the 48- and 72-hour multispecies biofilms were inhibited from 1 to 8 hours; P < .05). Expression levels of gtfB, gtfC, gtfD, and ldh in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the blank group (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Bacterial adhesion, and readhesion, decreasd pH, and expression of adhesion- and acid-related genes by Streptococcus mutans in biofilms could be reduced by bovine trypsin for a certain period of time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinhui Meng
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Preventive Dentistry and Endodontics, Kunming Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming 650106, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming 650106, China
| | - Yinxue Huang
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Preventive Dentistry and Endodontics, Kunming Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming 650106, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming 650106, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Preventive Dentistry and Endodontics, Kunming Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming 650106, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming 650106, China
| | - Xintong Yin
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Preventive Dentistry and Endodontics, Kunming Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming 650106, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming 650106, China
| | - Qunchao Han
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Preventive Dentistry and Endodontics, Kunming Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming 650106, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming 650106, China
| | - Lijun Huo
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Preventive Dentistry and Endodontics, Kunming Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming 650106, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming 650106, China.
| | - Yayan Lei
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Preventive Dentistry and Endodontics, Kunming Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming 650106, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming 650106, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Iaconis A, De Plano LM, Caccamo A, Franco D, Conoci S. Anti-Biofilm Strategies: A Focused Review on Innovative Approaches. Microorganisms 2024; 12:639. [PMID: 38674584 PMCID: PMC11052202 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Biofilm (BF) can give rise to systemic infections, prolonged hospitalization times, and, in the worst case, death. This review aims to provide an overview of recent strategies for the prevention and destruction of pathogenic BFs. First, the main phases of the life cycle of BF and maturation will be described to identify potential targets for anti-BF approaches. Then, an approach acting on bacterial adhesion, quorum sensing (QS), and the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) matrix will be introduced and discussed. Finally, bacteriophage-mediated strategies will be presented as innovative approaches against BF inhibition/destruction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Iaconis
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences (ChiBioFarAm), University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.I.); (L.M.D.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Laura Maria De Plano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences (ChiBioFarAm), University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.I.); (L.M.D.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Antonella Caccamo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences (ChiBioFarAm), University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.I.); (L.M.D.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Domenico Franco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences (ChiBioFarAm), University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.I.); (L.M.D.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Sabrina Conoci
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences (ChiBioFarAm), University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.I.); (L.M.D.P.); (A.C.)
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- URT Lab Sens Beyond Nano—CNR-DSFTM, Department of Physical Sciences and Technologies of Matter, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kim JS, Lim MC, Kim SM, Lee JY. Extracellular matrix-degrading enzymes as a biofilm control strategy for food-related microorganisms. Food Sci Biotechnol 2023; 32:1745-1761. [PMID: 37780595 PMCID: PMC10533455 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01373-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilm is one of the major problems in food industries and is difficult to be removed or prevented by conventional sanitizers. In this review, we discussed the extracellular matrix-degrading enzymes as a strategy to control biofilms of foodborne pathogenic and food-contaminating bacteria. The biofilms can be degraded by using the enzymes targeting proteins, polysaccharides, extracellular DNA, or lipids which mainly constitute the extracellular polymeric substances of biofilms. However, the efficacy of enzymes varies by the growth medium, bacterial species, strains, or counterpart microorganisms due to a high variation in the composition of extracellular polymeric substances. Several studies demonstrated that the combined treatment using conventional sanitizers or multiple enzymes can synergistically enhance the biofilm removal efficacies. In this review, the application of the immobilized enzymes on solid substrates is also discussed as a potential strategy to prevent biofilm formation on food contact surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Sung Kim
- Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365 Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, 217, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113 Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Cheol Lim
- Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365 Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, 217, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113 Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Min Kim
- Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365 Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Jeonbuk National University, 567, Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54896 Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Young Lee
- Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365 Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16419 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gadar K, McCarthy RR. Using next generation antimicrobials to target the mechanisms of infection. NPJ ANTIMICROBIALS AND RESISTANCE 2023; 1:11. [PMID: 38686217 PMCID: PMC11057201 DOI: 10.1038/s44259-023-00011-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The remarkable impact of antibiotics on human health is being eroded at an alarming rate by the emergence of multidrug resistant pathogens. There is a recognised consensus that new strategies to tackle infection are urgently needed to limit the devasting impact of antibiotic resistance on our global healthcare infrastructure. Next generation antimicrobials (NGAs) are compounds that target bacterial virulence factors to disrupt pathogenic potential without impacting bacterial viability. By disabling the key virulence factors required to establish and maintain infection, NGAs make pathogens more vulnerable to clearance by the immune system and can potentially render them more susceptible to traditional antibiotics. In this review, we discuss the developing field of NGAs and how advancements in this area could offer a viable standalone alternative to traditional antibiotics or an effective means to prolong antibiotic efficacy when used in combination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Gadar
- Division of Biosciences, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH United Kingdom
| | - Ronan R. McCarthy
- Division of Biosciences, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Francis D, Veeramanickathadathil Hari G, Koonthanmala Subash A, Bhairaddy A, Joy A. The biofilm proteome of Staphylococcus aureus and its implications for therapeutic interventions to biofilm-associated infections. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023; 138:327-400. [PMID: 38220430 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a major healthcare concern due to its ability to inflict life-threatening infections and evolve antibiotic resistance at an alarming pace. It is frequently associated with hospital-acquired infections, especially device-associated infections. Systemic infections due to S. aureus are difficult to treat and are associated with significant mortality and morbidity. The situation is worsened by the ability of S. aureus to form social associations called biofilms. Biofilms embed a community of cells with the ability to communicate with each other and share resources within a polysaccharide or protein matrix. S. aureus establish biofilms on tissues and conditioned abiotic surfaces. Biofilms are hyper-tolerant to antibiotics and help evade host immune responses. Biofilms exacerbate the severity and recalcitrance of device-associated infections. The development of a biofilm involves various biomolecules, such as polysaccharides, proteins and nucleic acids, contributing to different structural and functional roles. Interconnected signaling pathways and regulatory molecules modulate the expression of these molecules. A comprehensive understanding of the molecular biology of biofilm development would help to devise effective anti-biofilm therapeutics. Although bactericidal agents, antimicrobial peptides, bacteriophages and nano-conjugated anti-biofilm agents have been employed with varying levels of success, there is still a requirement for effective and clinically viable anti-biofilm therapeutics. Proteins that are expressed and utilized during biofilm formation, constituting the biofilm proteome, are a particularly attractive target for anti-biofilm strategies. The proteome can be explored to identify potential anti-biofilm drug targets and utilized for rational drug discovery. With the aim of uncovering the biofilm proteome, this chapter explores the mechanism of biofilm formation and its regulation. Furthermore, it explores the antibiofilm therapeutics targeted against the biofilm proteome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dileep Francis
- Department of Life Sciences, Kristu Jayanti College (Autonomous), Bengaluru, India.
| | | | | | - Anusha Bhairaddy
- Department of Life Sciences, Kristu Jayanti College (Autonomous), Bengaluru, India
| | - Atheene Joy
- Department of Life Sciences, Kristu Jayanti College (Autonomous), Bengaluru, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abdelkader J, Alelyani M, Alashban Y, Alghamdi SA, Bakkour Y. Modification of Dispersin B with Cyclodextrin-Ciprofloxacin Derivatives for Treating Staphylococcal. Molecules 2023; 28:5311. [PMID: 37513185 PMCID: PMC10386341 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
To address the high tolerance of biofilms to antibiotics, it is urgent to develop new strategies to fight against these bacterial consortia. An innovative antibiofilm nanovector drug delivery system, consisting of Dispersin B-permethylated-β-cyclodextrin/ciprofloxacin adamantyl (DspB-β-CD/CIP-Ad), is described here. For this purpose, complexation assays between CIP-Ad and (i) unmodified β-CD and (ii) different derivatives of β-CD, which are 2,3-O-dimethyl-β-CD, 2,6-O-dimethyl-β-CD, and 2,3,6-O-trimethyl-β-CD, were tested. A stoichiometry of 1/1 was obtained for the β-CD/CIP-Ad complex by NMR analysis. Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC) experiments were carried out to determine Ka, ΔH, and ΔS thermodynamic parameters of the complex between β-CD and its different derivatives in the presence of CIP-Ad. A stoichiometry of 1/1 for β-CD/CIP-Ad complexes was confirmed with variable affinity according to the type of methylation. A phase solubility study showed increased CIP-Ad solubility with CD concentration, pointing out complex formation. The evaluation of the antibacterial activity of CIP-Ad and the 2,3-O-dimethyl-β-CD/CIP-Ad or 2,3,6-O-trimethyl-β-CD/CIP-Ad complexes was performed on Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) strains. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) studies showed that the complex of CIP-Ad and 2,3-O-dimethyl-β-CD exhibited a similar antimicrobial activity to CIP-Ad alone, while the interaction with 2,3,6-O-trimethyl-β-CD increased MIC values. Antimicrobial assays on S. epidermidis biofilms demonstrated that the synergistic effect observed with the DspB/CIP association was partly maintained with the 2,3-O-dimethyl-β-CDs/CIP-Ad complex. To obtain this "all-in-one" drug delivery system, able to destroy the biofilm matrix and release the antibiotic simultaneously, we covalently grafted DspB on three carboxylic permethylated CD derivatives with different-length spacer arms. The strategy was validated by demonstrating that a DspB-permethylated-β-CD/ciprofloxacin-Ad system exhibited efficient antibiofilm activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinan Abdelkader
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry (LAC), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences III, Lebanese University Mont Michel, El Koura 826, Lebanon
| | - Magbool Alelyani
- Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yazeed Alashban
- Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 145111, Riyadh 4545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami A Alghamdi
- Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 145111, Riyadh 4545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Youssef Bakkour
- Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhao N, Curry D, Evans RE, Isguven S, Freeman T, Eisenbrey JR, Forsberg F, Gilbertie JM, Boorman S, Hilliard R, Dastgheyb SS, Machado P, Stanczak M, Harwood M, Chen AF, Parvizi J, Shapiro IM, Hickok NJ, Schaer TP. Microbubble cavitation restores Staphylococcus aureus antibiotic susceptibility in vitro and in a septic arthritis model. Commun Biol 2023; 6:425. [PMID: 37069337 PMCID: PMC10110534 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04752-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment failure in joint infections is associated with fibrinous, antibiotic-resistant, floating and tissue-associated Staphylococcus aureus aggregates formed in synovial fluid (SynF). We explore whether antibiotic activity could be increased against Staphylococcus aureus aggregates using ultrasound-triggered microbubble destruction (UTMD), in vitro and in a porcine model of septic arthritis. In vitro, when bacterially laden SynF is diluted, akin to the dilution achieved clinically with lavage and local injection of antibiotics, amikacin and ultrasound application result in increased bacterial metabolism, aggregate permeabilization, and a 4-5 log decrease in colony forming units, independent of microbubble destruction. Without SynF dilution, amikacin + UTMD does not increase antibiotic activity. Importantly, in the porcine model of septic arthritis, no bacteria are recovered from the SynF after treatment with amikacin and UTMD-ultrasound without UTMD is insufficient. Our data suggest that UTMD + antibiotics may serve as an important adjunct for the treatment of septic arthritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neil Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dylan Curry
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rachel E Evans
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Selin Isguven
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Theresa Freeman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John R Eisenbrey
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Flemming Forsberg
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jessica M Gilbertie
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, USA
| | - Sophie Boorman
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, USA
| | - Rachel Hilliard
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, USA
| | - Sana S Dastgheyb
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Priscilla Machado
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maria Stanczak
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marc Harwood
- Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Antonia F Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Javad Parvizi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Irving M Shapiro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Noreen J Hickok
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Thomas P Schaer
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
França A. The Role of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Biofilms on Late-Onset Sepsis: Current Challenges and Emerging Diagnostics and Therapies. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12030554. [PMID: 36978421 PMCID: PMC10044083 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12030554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections are one of the most significant complications of neonates, especially those born preterm, with sepsis as one of the principal causes of mortality. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), a group of staphylococcal species that naturally inhabit healthy human skin and mucosa, are the most common cause of late-onset sepsis, especially in preterms. One of the risk factors for the development of CoNS infections is the presence of implanted biomedical devices, which are frequently used for medications and/or nutrient delivery, as they serve as a scaffold for biofilm formation. The major concerns related to CoNS infections have to do with the increasing resistance to multiple antibiotics observed among this bacterial group and biofilm cells’ increased tolerance to antibiotics. As such, the treatment of CoNS biofilm-associated infections with antibiotics is increasingly challenging and considering that antibiotics remain the primary form of treatment, this issue will likely persist in upcoming years. For that reason, the development of innovative and efficient therapeutic measures is of utmost importance. This narrative review assesses the current challenges and emerging diagnostic tools and therapies for the treatment of CoNS biofilm-associated infections, with a special focus on late-onset sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela França
- Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO—Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal;
- LABBELS—Associate Laboratory in Biotechnology and Bioengineering and Microelectromechanical Systems, Braga and Guimarães, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li Y, Xing Z, Wang S, Wang Y, Wang Z, Dong L. Disruption of biofilms in periodontal disease through the induction of phase transition by cationic dextrans. Acta Biomater 2023; 158:759-768. [PMID: 36638945 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm of oral pathogenic microorganisms induced by their multiplication and coaggregation would lead to periodontitis. In biofilms, the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) as a protective shield encapsulates the individual bacteria, protecting them against attack. To alleviate periodontal disease, disrupting the EPS of pathogenic bacteria is crucial and challenging. Based on the sufficient capacity of disorganizing EPS of our designed cationic dextrans, we hypothesized that these polymers could be competent in relieving periodontitis. We validated that cationic dextrans could induce the phase transition of EPS in biofilms, especially the Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), a keystone periodontal pathogen, thus effectively destroying biofilm in vitro. More importantly, satisfactory in vivo treatment was achieved in a rat periodontal disease model. In summary, the study exploited a practical and effective strategy to treat periodontitis with cationic dextrans' powerful biofilm-controlling potential. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Periodontal disease is closely related to dental plaque biofilms on the tooth surface. The biofilm forms gel structures and shields the bacteria underneath, thus protecting oral pathogens from traditional anti-bacterial reagents. Due to limited penetration into gel, the efficacy of these reagents in biofilm elimination is restricted. Our designed cationic dextran could wipe out the coverage of gel-like EPS to disperse encapsulated bacteria. Such superior capacity endowed them with satisfactory effect in disrupting biofilm. Notably, in a rat periodontitis model, cationic dextrans dramatically suppressed alveolar bone loss and alleviated periodontal inflammation by controlling dental plaque. Given the increasing global concerns about periodontal disease, it's worth expanding the application of cationic dextrans both scientifically and clinically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhen Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Shaocong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yulian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Lei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210093, China; Wuxi Xishan NJU Institute of Applied Biotechnology, Anzhen Street, Xishan District, Wuxi 214101, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Biofouling in Membrane Bioreactors: Mechanism, Interactions and Possible Mitigation Using Biosurfactants. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:2114-2133. [PMID: 36385366 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04261-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Biofouling roots damage to membrane bioreactors (MBRs), such as physical, functional and organisational changes and even therefore clogging of the membrane pores and successive microbial degradation. Further, it blocks the pores, results into a biomass cake and in due course reduces the membrane flux and leads to an increase in the operational costs. MBR fouling contributed to the rise in transmembrane pressure (TMP) and decrease in permeate flux (in case of constant pressure operation mode). Chemical surfactants adopted for the cleaning of membrane surfaces have certain disadvantages such as toxicity manifestations, damage to the membranes and high CMC concentrations. Biosurfactant surfactants have attained increasing interest due to their low toxicity, biodegradability, stability to extreme environmental conditions such as temperatures, pH and tolerance to salinity. The biosurfactants trapped the foulants via micelle formation, which distresses hydrophobic interactions amongst bacteria and the surface. Rhamnolipids as an anionic biosurfactant pose a significant interfacial potential and have affinity to bind organic matter. The present review discusses the problem of biofouling in MBRs, type and interactions of foulants involved and also highlights the mechanisms of biosurfactant cleaning, effect of different parameters, effect of concentration, TMP, flux recovery, permeability, mitigation practices and challenges.
Collapse
|
14
|
Sun Q, Shen L, Zhang BL, Yu J, Wei F, Sun Y, Chen W, Wang S. Advance on Engineering of Bacteriophages by Synthetic Biology. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:1941-1953. [PMID: 37025193 PMCID: PMC10072152 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s402962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Since bacteriophages (phages) were firstly reported at the beginning of the 20th century, the study on them experiences booming-fading-emerging with discovery and overuse of antibiotics. Although they are the hotspots for therapy of antibiotic-resistant strains nowadays, natural phage applications encounter some challenges such as limited host range and bacterial resistance to phages. Synthetic biology, one of the most dramatic directions in the recent 20-years study of microbiology, has generated numerous methods and tools and has contributed a lot to understanding phage evolution, engineering modification, and controlling phage-bacteria interactions. In order to better modify and apply phages by using synthetic biology techniques in the future, in this review, we comprehensively introduce various strategies on engineering or modification of phage genome and rebooting of recombinant phages, summarize the recent researches and potential directions of phage synthetic biology, and outline the current application of engineered phages in practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi Province, the College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lixin Shen
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi Province, the College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bai-Ling Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaoyang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi Province, the College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069, People’s Republic of China
- Clinical Research Center, the Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi Province, the College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanmei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi Province, the College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- Clinical Research Center, the Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210003, People’s Republic of China
- The Clinical Infectious Disease Center of Nanjing, Nanjing, 210003, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Wei Chen; Shiwei Wang, Email ;
| | - Shiwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi Province, the College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Balducci E, Papi F, Capialbi DE, Del Bino L. Polysaccharides' Structures and Functions in Biofilm Architecture of Antimicrobial-Resistant (AMR) Pathogens. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044030. [PMID: 36835442 PMCID: PMC9965654 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria and fungi have developed resistance to the existing therapies such as antibiotics and antifungal drugs, and multiple mechanisms are mediating this resistance. Among these, the formation of an extracellular matrix embedding different bacterial cells, called biofilm, is an effective strategy through which bacterial and fungal cells are establishing a relationship in a unique environment. The biofilm provides them the possibility to transfer genes conferring resistance, to prevent them from desiccation and to impede the penetration of antibiotics or antifungal drugs. Biofilms are formed of several constituents including extracellular DNA, proteins and polysaccharides. Depending on the bacteria, different polysaccharides form the biofilm matrix in different microorganisms, some of them involved in the first stage of cells' attachment to surfaces and to each other, and some responsible for giving the biofilm structure resistance and stability. In this review, we describe the structure and the role of different polysaccharides in bacterial and fungal biofilms, we revise the analytical methods to characterize them quantitatively and qualitatively and finally we provide an overview of potential new antimicrobial therapies able to inhibit biofilm formation by targeting exopolysaccharides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniela Eloisa Capialbi
- GSK, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Pepsin and Trypsin Treatment Combined with Carvacrol: An Efficient Strategy to Fight Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis Biofilms. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11010143. [PMID: 36677435 PMCID: PMC9863883 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms consist of microbial communities enclosed in a self-produced extracellular matrix which is mainly responsible of biofilm virulence. Targeting this matrix could be an effective strategy to control biofilms. In this work, we examined the efficacy of two proteolytic enzymes, pepsin and trypsin, to degrade P. aeruginosa and E. faecalis biofilms and their synergistic effect when combined with carvacrol. The minimum dispersive concentrations (MDCs) and the contact times of enzymes, as well as the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and contact times of carvacrol, were determined against biofilms grown on polystyrene surfaces. For biofilms grown on stainless steel surfaces, the combined pepsin or trypsin with carvacrol treatment showed more significant reduction of both biofilms compared with carvacrol treatment alone. This reduction was more substantial after sequential treatment of both enzymes, followed by carvacrol with the greatest reduction of 4.7 log CFU mL−1 (p < 0.05) for P. aeruginosa biofilm and 3.3 log CFU mL−1 (p < 0.05) for E. faecalis biofilm. Such improved efficiency was also obvious in the epifluorescence microscopy analysis. These findings demonstrate that the combined effect of the protease-dispersing activity and the carvacrol antimicrobial activity could be a prospective approach for controlling P. aeruginosa and E. faecalis biofilms.
Collapse
|
17
|
Schaffer SD, Hutchison CA, Rouchon CN, Mdluli NV, Weinstein AJ, McDaniel D, Frank KL. Diverse Enterococcus faecalis strains show heterogeneity in biofilm properties. Res Microbiol 2023; 174:103986. [PMID: 35995340 PMCID: PMC9825631 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2022.103986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm formation is important for Enterococcus faecalis to cause healthcare-associated infections. It is unclear how E. faecalis biofilms vary in parameters such as development and composition. To test the hypothesis that differences in biofilms exist among E. faecalis strains, we evaluated in vitro biofilm formation and matrix characteristics of five genetically diverse E. faecalis lab-adapted strains and clinical isolates (OG1RF, V583, DS16, MMH594, and VA1128). Biofilm formation of all strains was repressed in TSB+10% FBS. However, DMEM+10% FBS enhanced biofilm formation of clinical isolate VA1128. Crystal violet staining and fluorescence microscopy of biofilms grown on Aclar membranes demonstrated differences between OG1RF and VA1128 in biofilm development over a 48-h time course. None of the biofilms were dispersed by single treatments of sodium (meta)periodate, DNase, or Proteinase K alone, but the biofilm biomass of both OG1RF and DS16 was partially removed by a sequential treatment of sodium (meta)periodate and DNase. Reversing the treatment order was not effective, suggesting that the extracellular DNA targeted by DNase was obscured by carbohydrates that are susceptible to sodium (meta)periodate degradation. Fluorescent staining of biofilm matrix components further demonstrated that more carbohydrates bound by wheat germ agglutinin comprise OG1RF biofilms compared to VA1128 biofilms. This study highlights the existence of heterogeneity in biofilm properties among diverse E. faecalis strains, which may have implications for the design of novel anti-biofilm treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott D Schaffer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Carissa A Hutchison
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Candace N Rouchon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Nontokozo V Mdluli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Arielle J Weinstein
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Dennis McDaniel
- Biomedical Instrumentation Center, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kristi L Frank
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Radwan AA, Darwesh OM, Emam MT, Mohamed KA, Shady HMA. A combined treatment of Proteinase K and biosynthesized ZnO-NPs for eradication of dairy biofilm of sporeformers. AIMS Microbiol 2022; 8:507-527. [PMID: 36694584 PMCID: PMC9834087 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2022033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms of sporeformers found in the dairy industry are the major contaminants during processing, as they withstand heat and chemical treatment that are used to control microbes. The present work is aimed to remove these resistant forms of bacterial community (biofilm) present in dairy production lines using ecofriendly agents based on proteinase K (Prot-K) coupled with Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs). Some metal/metal oxide (Ag, CuO and ZnO) NPs were prepared microbially, and ZnO-NPs were characterized as the most effective ones among them. The produced ZnO-NPs were 15-25 nm in size with spherical shape, and FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of proteins and alkanes surrounding particles as capping agents. Application of Prot-K for eradication (removal) of a model biofilm of mixed sporeformers on food-grade stainless steel resulted in an 83% reduction in the absorbance of crystal violet-stained biofilm. When Prot-K was mixed with the biosynthesized NPs ZnO_G240, the reduction increased to 99.19%. This finding could contribute to an efficient cleaning approach combined with CIP to remove the recalcitrant biofilms in dairy production lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A. Radwan
- Genetics and Cytology Dept., National Research Centre (NRC), Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Osama M. Darwesh
- Agricultural Microbiology Dept., National Research Centre (NRC), Cairo, 12622, Egypt,* Correspondence: , ; Tel: +201155265558
| | - Maha T. Emam
- Genetics and Cytology Dept., National Research Centre (NRC), Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Karima A. Mohamed
- Genetics and Cytology Dept., National Research Centre (NRC), Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Hala M. Abu Shady
- Microbiology Dept., Faculty of Science, Ain-Shams University Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Avila-Novoa MG, Solis-Velazquez OA, Guerrero-Medina PJ, González-Gómez JP, González-Torres B, Velázquez-Suárez NY, Martínez-Chávez L, Martínez-Gonzáles NE, De la Cruz-Color L, Ibarra-Velázquez LM, Cardona-López MA, Robles-García MÁ, Gutiérrez-Lomelí M. Genetic and compositional analysis of biofilm formed by Staphylococcus aureus isolated from food contact surfaces. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1001700. [PMID: 36532477 PMCID: PMC9755592 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1001700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen that can form biofilms on food contact surfaces (FCS) in the dairy industry, posing a serious food safety, and quality concern. Biofilm is a complex system, influenced by nutritional-related factors that regulate the synthesis of the components of the biofilm matrix. This study determines the prevalence of biofilm-associated genes and evaluates the development under different growth conditions and compositions of biofilms produced by S. aureus. METHODS Biofilms were developed in TSB, TSBG, TSBNaCl, and TSBGNaCl on stainless-steel (SS), with enumeration at 24 and 192 h visualized by epifluorescence and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The composition of biofilms was determined using enzymatic and chemical treatments and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION A total of 84 S. aureus (SA1-SA84) strains were collected from 293 dairy industry FCS (FCS-stainless steel [n = 183] and FCS-polypropylene [n = 110]) for this study. The isolates harbored the genes sigB (66%), sar (53%), agrD (52%), clfB/clfA (38%), fnbA/fnbB (20%), and bap (9.5%). 99. In particular, the biofilm formed by bap-positive S. aureus onto SS showed a high cell density in all culture media at 192 h in comparison with the biofilms formed at 24 h (p < 0.05). Epifluorescence microscopy and SEM revealed the metabolically active cells and the different stages of biofilm formation. CLSM analysis detected extracellular polymeric of S. aureus biofilms on SS, such as eDNA, proteins, and polysaccharides. Finally, the level of detachment on being treated with DNase I (44.7%) and NaIO 4(42.4%) was greater in the biofilms developed in TSB compared to culture medium supplemented with NaCl at 24 h; however, there was no significant difference when the culture medium was supplemented with glucose. In addition, after treatment with proteinase K, there was a lower level of biomass detachment (17.7%) of the biofilm developed in TSBNaCl (p < 0.05 at 24 h) compared to that in TSB, TSBG, and TSBGNaCl (33.6, 36.9, and 37.8%, respectively). These results represent a deep insight into the composition of S. aureus biofilms present in the dairy industry, which promotes the development of more efficient composition-specific disinfection strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Guadalupe Avila-Novoa
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Microbiana y Alimentaria, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ocotlán, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Oscar Alberto Solis-Velazquez
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Microbiana y Alimentaria, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ocotlán, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Pedro Javier Guerrero-Medina
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Microbiana y Alimentaria, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ocotlán, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Jean-Pierre González-Gómez
- Laboratorio Nacional para la Investigación en Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA), Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD), Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Berenice González-Torres
- Laboratorio Nacional para la Investigación en Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA), Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD), Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Noemí Yolanda Velázquez-Suárez
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Microbiana y Alimentaria, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ocotlán, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Liliana Martínez-Chávez
- Laboratorio de Microbiología e Inocuidad de Alimentos, Departamento de Farmacología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Nanci Edid Martínez-Gonzáles
- Laboratorio de Microbiología e Inocuidad de Alimentos, Departamento de Farmacología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Lucia De la Cruz-Color
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Microbiana y Alimentaria, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ocotlán, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Luz María Ibarra-Velázquez
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Microbiana y Alimentaria, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ocotlán, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Marco Antonio Cardona-López
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Microbiana y Alimentaria, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ocotlán, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Miguel Ángel Robles-García
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Microbiana y Alimentaria, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ocotlán, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Melesio Gutiérrez-Lomelí
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Microbiana y Alimentaria, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ocotlán, Jalisco, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Silva S, Costa EM, Machado M, Morais R, Calhau C, Pintado M. Antiadhesive and Antibiofilm Effect of Malvidin-3-Glucoside and Malvidin-3-Glucoside/Neochlorogenic Acid Mixtures upon Staphylococcus. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12111062. [PMID: 36355145 PMCID: PMC9694786 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12111062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Several reports on the biological activity of anthocyanin-rich extracts have been made. However, despite the association of said activity with their anthocyanin content, to the best of our knowledge, there are no previous works regarding the antimicrobial, antibiofilm and/or antiadhesive properties of anthocyanins alone. Therefore, the present work aimed to determine the effects of malvidin-3-glucoside, a major component of a previously reported extract, and the impact of its association with neochlorogenic acid (the only non-anthocyanin phenolic present in said extract), upon several Staphylococcus strains with varying resistance profiles. Results show that, while malvidin-3-glucoside and malvidin-3-glucoside/neochlorogenic acid mixtures were unable to considerably inhibit bacterial growth after 24 h, they still possessed an interesting antibiofilm activity (with reductions of biofilm entrapped cells up to 2.5 log cycles, metabolic inhibition rates up to 81% and up to 51% of biomass inhibition). When considering the bacteria’s capacity to adhere to plain polystyrene surfaces, the inhibition ranges were considerably lower (21% maximum value). However, when considering polystyrene surfaces coated with plasmatic proteins this value was considerably higher (45% for adhesion in the presence of extract and 39% for adhesion after the surface was exposed to extract). Overall, the studied anthocyanins showed potential as future alternatives to traditional antimicrobials in adhesion and biofilm formation prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Silva
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (M.P.); Tel.: +351-22-558-00-00 (S.S. & M.P.)
| | - Eduardo M. Costa
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela Machado
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Morais
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Conceição Calhau
- Nutrição e Metabolismo, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
- CINTESIS, Centro de Investigação em Tecnologias e Serviços de Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela Pintado
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (M.P.); Tel.: +351-22-558-00-00 (S.S. & M.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhou J, Meng X, Han Q, Huang Y, Huo L, Lei Y. An in vitro study on the degradation of multispecies biofilm of periodontitis-related microorganisms by bovine trypsin. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:951291. [PMID: 35992661 PMCID: PMC9386051 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.951291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the degradation effect of bovine trypsin on multispecies biofilm of periodontitis-related bacteria and to provide an experimental reference for exploring new methods for controlling biofilms of periodontitis-related microorganisms, the multispecies biofilm of periodontitis-related microorganisms was established. Standard strains of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. polymorpha, Actinomyces viscosus, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans were co-cultured to form the biofilm. The experimental groups were treated with bovine trypsin, distilled water was applied as the blank control group, and phosphate saline buffer (pH = 7.4) as the negative control group. Morphological observation and quantitative analysis of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), live bacteria, and dead bacteria were conducted using a laser confocal microscope. The morphological changes of EPS and bacteria were also observed using a scanning electron microscope. The results of morphological observations of modeling were as follows. EPS aggregated as agglomerates, and bacteria flora were wrapped by them, showing a three-dimensional network structure, and channel-like structures were inside the biofilm. Live bacteria were distributed on the surface of the EPS or embedded in them, dead bacteria aggregated between live flora and the bottom layer of biofilms. After being treated with bovine trypsin, the three-dimensional network structure and the channel-like structure disappeared, and the EPS and live and dead bacteria decreased. Quantitative analysis results are as follows. When biofilm was treated for 30 s, 1 min, and 3 min, the minimum effective concentrations of bovine trypsin to reduce EPS were 2 mg/ml (P < 0.05), 0.5 mg/ml (P < 0.05), and 0.25 mg/ml (P < 0.05), respectively. The minimum effective concentrations of bovine trypsin to reduce the live or dead bacteria were 2 mg/ml (P < 0.05), 0.5 mg/ml (P < 0.05), and 0.5 mg/ml (P < 0.05), respectively. There was no significant difference in the ratio of live/dead bacteria after the biofilm was treated for 30 s with bovine trypsin at the concentration of 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/ml (P > 0.05), and the minimum effective concentration to reduce the ratio of live bacteria/dead bacteria was 0.25 mg/ml (P < 0.05) after treatment for 1 min and 3 min. Therefore, bovine trypsin can destroy biofilm structure, disperse biofilm and bacteria flora, and reduce the EPS and bacterial biomass, which are positively correlated with the application time and concentration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Preventive Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming, China
| | - Xinhui Meng
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Preventive Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming, China
| | - Qunchao Han
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Preventive Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming, China
| | - Yinxue Huang
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Preventive Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming, China
| | - Lijun Huo
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Preventive Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Lijun Huo,
| | - Yayan Lei
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Preventive Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Visperas A, Santana D, Klika AK, Higuera‐Rueda CA, Piuzzi NS. Current treatments for biofilm-associated periprosthetic joint infection and new potential strategies. J Orthop Res 2022; 40:1477-1491. [PMID: 35437846 PMCID: PMC9322555 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) remains a devastating complication after total joint arthroplasty. Bacteria involved in these infections are notorious for adhering to foreign implanted surfaces and generating a biofilm matrix. These biofilms protect the bacteria from antibiotic treatment and the immune system making eradication difficult. Current treatment strategies including debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention, and one- and two-stage revisions still present a relatively high overall failure rate. One of the main shortcomings that has been associated with this high failure rate is the lack of a robust approach to treating bacterial biofilm. Therefore, in this review, we will highlight new strategies that have the potential to combat PJI by targeting biofilm integrity, therefore giving antibiotics and the immune system access to the internal network of the biofilm structure. This combination antibiofilm/antibiotic therapy may be a new strategy for PJI treatment while promoting implant retention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anabelle Visperas
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryCleveland Clinic FoundationClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Daniel Santana
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryCleveland Clinic FoundationClevelandOhioUSA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Alison K. Klika
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryCleveland Clinic FoundationClevelandOhioUSA
| | | | - Nicolas S. Piuzzi
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryCleveland Clinic FoundationClevelandOhioUSA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Jin Y, Zhao B, Guo W, Li Y, Min J, Miao W. Penetration and photodynamic ablation of drug-resistant biofilm by cationic Iron oxide nanoparticles. J Control Release 2022; 348:911-923. [PMID: 35760234 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
As we step into the post-antibiotic era, the accelerated emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria poses an increasingly serious threat to public health. The formation of antibiotic-resistant biofilms further challenges currently available drugs and treatment options, calling for novel strategies for effective ablation of such biofilm with minimal concern on safety and development of resistance. Herein, we report a novel type of photodynamic nanoagent, composed of chlorin e6 (Ce6)-loaded water-soluble chitosan-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (named Ce6@WCS-IONP), for drug-resistant bacteria killing and biofilm eradication. The fabricated Ce6@WCS-IONP has negligible toxicity to mammalian cells and exhibited equivalent singlet oxygen generation capacity to free Ce6; however, its association with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was greatly enhanced, as evidenced by flow cytometry analysis and transmission electron microscope. In vitro studies verified that Ce6@WCS-IONP has superior photodynamic bactericidal effect against planktonic MRSA. Furthermore, with the aid of the cationic nature and small size, Ce6@WCS-IONP could effectively penetrate into MRSA biofilm, revealed by 3D fluorescence imaging. Both biomass analysis and viable bacteria counting demonstrated that Ce6@WCS-IONP showed potent biofilm ablation efficacy, averagely 7.1 log unit lower than that in free Ce6 group upon identical light irradiation. In addition, local treatment of MRSA-infected mice with Ce6@WCS-IONP plus light irradiation resulted in significant antibacterial and wound healing effect, accompanied by good biocompatibility in vivo. Collectively, photosensitizer-loaded cationic IONP with effective biofilm penetration and photodynamic eradication potential might be a promising nano platform in fighting against antibiotic-resistant microbial pathogen and biofilm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yangye Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Binbing Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Wenjing Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Juncheng Min
- College of Overseas Education, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Wenjun Miao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Nanjundaswamy S, Jayashankar J, Chethana M, Renganathan RA, Karthik C, Ananda A, Nagashree S, Mallu P, Rai VR. Design, synthesis, and in-silico studies of pyrazolylpyridine analogues: A futuristic antibacterial contender against coagulase positive superbug-MRSA. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
25
|
Biofilm Formation by Pathogenic Bacteria: Applying a Staphylococcus aureus Model to Appraise Potential Targets for Therapeutic Intervention. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11040388. [PMID: 35456063 PMCID: PMC9027693 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11040388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Carried in the nasal passages by up to 30% of humans, Staphylococcus aureus is recognized to be a successful opportunistic pathogen. It is a frequent cause of infections of the upper respiratory tract, including sinusitis, and of the skin, typically abscesses, as well as of food poisoning and medical device contamination. The antimicrobial resistance of such, often chronic, health conditions is underpinned by the unique structure of bacterial biofilm, which is the focus of increasing research to try to overcome this serious public health challenge. Due to the protective barrier of an exopolysaccharide matrix, bacteria that are embedded within biofilm are highly resistant both to an infected individual’s immune response and to any treating antibiotics. An in-depth appraisal of the stepwise progression of biofilm formation by S. aureus, used as a model infection for all cases of bacterial antibiotic resistance, has enhanced understanding of this complicated microscopic structure and served to highlight possible intervention targets for both patient cure and community infection control. While antibiotic therapy offers a practical means of treatment and prevention, the most favorable results are achieved in combination with other methods. This review provides an overview of S. aureus biofilm development, outlines the current range of anti-biofilm agents that are used against each stage and summarizes their relative merits.
Collapse
|
26
|
Yao S, Hao L, Zhou R, Jin Y, Huang J, Wu C. Formation of Biofilm by Tetragenococcus halophilus Benefited Stress Tolerance and Anti-biofilm Activity Against S. aureus and S. Typhimurium. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:819302. [PMID: 35300476 PMCID: PMC8921937 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.819302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetragenococcus halophilus, a halophilic lactic acid bacterium (LAB), plays an important role in the production of high-salt fermented foods. Generally, formation of biofilm benefits the fitness of cells when faced with competitive and increasingly hostile fermented environments. In this work, the biofilm-forming capacity of T. halophilus was investigated. The results showed that the optimal conditions for biofilm formation by T. halophilus were at 3–9% salt content, 0–6% ethanol content, pH 7.0, 30°C, and on the surface of stainless steel. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) analysis presented a dense and flat biofilm with a thickness of about 24 μm, and higher amounts of live cells were located near the surface of biofilm and more dead cells located at the bottom. Proteins, polysaccharides, extracellular-DNA (eDNA), and humic-like substances were all proved to take part in biofilm formation. Higher basic surface charge, greater hydrophilicity, and lower intracellular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities were detected in T. halophilus grown in biofilms. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging revealed that biofilm cultures of T. halophilus had stronger surface adhesion forces than planktonic cells. Cells in biofilm exhibited higher cell viability under acid stress, ethanol stress, heat stress, and oxidative stress. In addition, T. halophilus biofilms exhibited aggregation activity and anti-biofilm activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella Typhimurium. Results presented in the study may contribute to enhancing stress tolerance of T. halophilus and utilize their antagonistic activities against foodborne pathogens during the production of fermented foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shangjie Yao
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liying Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rongqing Zhou
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Jin
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Huang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chongde Wu
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Singh A, Amod A, Pandey P, Bose P, Pingali MS, Shivalkar S, Varadwaj P, Sahoo A, Samanta S. Bacterial biofilm infections, their resistance to antibiotics therapy and current treatment strategies. Biomed Mater 2022; 17. [PMID: 35105823 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac50f6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Nearly 80% of human chronic infections are caused due to bacterial biofilm formation. This is the most leading cause for failure of medical implants resulting in high morbidity and mortality. In addition, biofilms are also known to cause serious problems in food industry. Biofilm impart enhanced antibiotic resistance and become recalcitrant to host immune responses leading to persistent and recurrent infections. It makes the clinical treatment for biofilm infections very difficult. Reduced penetration of antibiotic molecules through EPS, mutation of the target site, accumulation of antibiotic degrading enzymes, enhanced expression of efflux pump genes are the probable causes for antibiotics resistance. Accordingly, strategies like administration of topical antibiotics and combined therapy of antibiotics with antimicrobial peptides are considered for alternate options to overcome the antibiotics resistance. A number of other remediation strategies for both biofilm inhibition and dispersion of established biofilm have been developed. The metallic nanoparticles and their oxides have recently gained a tremendous thrust as antibiofilm therapy for their unique features. This present comprehensive review gives the understanding of antibiotic resistance mechanisms of biofilm and provides an overview of various currently available biofilm remediation strategies, focusing primarily on the applications of metallic nanoparticles and their oxides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anirudh Singh
- Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, Allahabad, UP, India, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, 211012, INDIA
| | - Ayush Amod
- Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, UP, India, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, 211012, INDIA
| | | | - Pranay Bose
- KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, 751024, INDIA
| | - M Shivapriya Pingali
- Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, UP, India, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, 211012, INDIA
| | - Saurabh Shivalkar
- Applied Sciences, IIIT Allahabad, UP, India, Allahabad, 211012, INDIA
| | - Pritish Varadwaj
- Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, Allahabad, India, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, 211012, INDIA
| | - Amaresh Sahoo
- Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, Allahabad, UP, India, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, 211012, INDIA
| | - Sintu Samanta
- Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, Allahabad, India, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, 211012, INDIA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Rather MA, Gupta K, Mandal M. Microbial biofilm: formation, architecture, antibiotic resistance, and control strategies. Braz J Microbiol 2021; 52:1701-1718. [PMID: 34558029 PMCID: PMC8578483 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00624-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The assembly of microorganisms over a surface and their ability to develop resistance against available antibiotics are major concerns of interest. To survive against harsh environmental conditions including known antibiotics, the microorganisms form a unique structure, referred to as biofilm. The mechanism of biofilm formation is triggered and regulated by quorum sensing, hostile environmental conditions, nutrient availability, hydrodynamic conditions, cell-to-cell communication, signaling cascades, and secondary messengers. Antibiotic resistance, escape of microbes from the body's immune system, recalcitrant infections, biofilm-associated deaths, and food spoilage are some of the problems associated with microbial biofilms which pose a threat to humans, veterinary, and food processing sectors. In this review, we focus in detail on biofilm formation, its architecture, composition, genes and signaling cascades involved, and multifold antibiotic resistance exhibited by microorganisms dwelling within biofilms. We also highlight different physical, chemical, and biological biofilm control strategies including those based on plant products. So, this review aims at providing researchers the knowledge regarding recent advances on the mechanisms involved in biofilm formation at the molecular level as well as the emergent method used to get rid of antibiotic-resistant and life-threatening biofilms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muzamil Ahmad Rather
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University (A Central University), Napaam, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India
| | - Kuldeep Gupta
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University (A Central University), Napaam, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India
| | - Manabendra Mandal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University (A Central University), Napaam, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Opdensteinen P, Dietz SJ, Gengenbach BB, Buyel JF. Expression of Biofilm-Degrading Enzymes in Plants and Automated High-Throughput Activity Screening Using Experimental Bacillus subtilis Biofilms. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:708150. [PMID: 34621728 PMCID: PMC8490750 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.708150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm-forming bacteria are sources of infections because they are often resistant to antibiotics and chemical removal. Recombinant biofilm-degrading enzymes have the potential to remove biofilms gently, but they can be toxic toward microbial hosts and are therefore difficult to produce in bacteria. Here, we investigated Nicotiana species for the production of such enzymes using the dispersin B-like enzyme Lysobacter gummosus glyco 2 (Lg2) as a model. We first optimized transient Lg2 expression in plant cell packs using different subcellular targeting methods. We found that expression levels were transferable to differentiated plants, facilitating the scale-up of production. Our process yielded 20 mg kg−1 Lg2 in extracts but 0.3 mg kg−1 after purification, limited by losses during depth filtration. Next, we established an experimental biofilm assay to screen enzymes for degrading activity using different Bacillus subtilis strains. We then tested complex and chemically defined growth media for reproducible biofilm formation before converting the assay to an automated high-throughput screening format. Finally, we quantified the biofilm-degrading activity of Lg2 in comparison with commercial enzymes against our experimental biofilms, indicating that crude extracts can be screened directly. This ability will allow us to combine high-throughput expression in plant cell packs with automated activity screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Opdensteinen
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Aachen, Germany.,Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - S J Dietz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Aachen, Germany
| | - B B Gengenbach
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Aachen, Germany.,Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - J F Buyel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Aachen, Germany.,Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Li X, Fu YN, Huang L, Liu F, Moriarty TF, Tao L, Wei Y, Wang X. Combating Biofilms by a Self-Adapting Drug Loading Hydrogel. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:6219-6226. [PMID: 35006889 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A bacterial biofilm is one of the main reasons that many diseases are difficult to cure. Herein, a teicoplanin (TPN)-loaded self-adapting chitosan-based hydrogel (CPH) system, called TPN-CPH, was prepared by encapsulating antibacterial TPN into CPH. This TPN-CPH can effectively combat preformed biofilms in vitro of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). It has a good therapeutic effect on full-thickness cutaneous wounds in vivo of mice infected with biofilms. In addition, TPN-CPH can accelerate wound healing by self-adapting the wound and providing a moist environment. The operation process of TPN-CPH is simple, and no external stimulation such as light and heat is needed in the treatment process, making it more convenient for clinical application. Furthermore, this is a challenge to use self-adapting hydrogels to adapt the micro-size channels of biofilms. TPN-CPH provides a chitosan-based self-adapting hydrogel system for loading drugs to kill bacteria in biofilms, and thus it is promising for infection control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Nan Fu
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China.,AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, Davos Platz 7270, Switzerland
| | - Lifei Huang
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | | | - Lei Tao
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yen Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Bioprocess development for enhanced endoglucanase production by newly isolated bacteria, purification, characterization and in-vitro efficacy as anti-biofilm of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9754. [PMID: 33963217 PMCID: PMC8105381 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87901-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoglucanase producing bacteria were isolated from Egyptian soils and the most active bacterial strain was identified as Bacillus subtilis strain Fatma/1. Plackett-Burman statistical design was carried out to assess the effect of seven process variables on endoglucanase production. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), yeast extract and peptone were the most significant variables that enhanced the endoglucanase production and thus were selected for further optimization using face-centered central composite design. The highest yield of endoglucanase (32.37 U/mL) was obtained in run no. 9, using 18 g/L CMC, 8 g/L peptone, 7 g/L yeast extract and 0.1 g/L FeSO4.7H2O. The optimized medium showed about eightfold increase in endoglucanase production compared to the unoptimized medium. The produced crude enzyme was further purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, then DEAE-Sepharose CL6B column. The purified enzyme was shown to have a molecular weight of 37 kDa. The enzyme showed maximum activity at pH 8.0, temperature of 50 °C, incubation time of 60 min. The half-life time (T1/2) was 139.53 min at 50 °C, while being 82.67 min at 60 °C. Endoglucanase at concentration of 12 U/mL effectively removed 84.61% of biofilm matrix of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with marked reduction in carbohydrate content of the biofilm from 63.4 to 7.9 μg.
Collapse
|
32
|
Matthes R, Jablonowski L, Holtfreter B, Pink C, Kocher T. Enzymatic biofilm destabilisation to support mechanical cleansing of inserted dental implant surfaces: an in-vitro pilot study. Odontology 2021; 109:780-791. [PMID: 33740161 PMCID: PMC8387265 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-021-00599-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Peri-implantitis is caused by microbial contamination and biofilm formation on the implant surface. To achieve re-osseointegration, the microbes must be completely removed from the surface. Adjunctive to mechanical cleaning, chemical treatment with enzymes or other substances could optimise the treatment outcome. Therefore, we investigated the efficacy of different enzymes, a surfactant, and a chelator in destabilising dental polymicrobial biofilm. The biofilm destabilising effect of the glycosidases α-amylase, dextranase, DispersinB®, and lysozyme, as well as the proteinase subtilisin A, and the nuclease Benzonase®, the chelator EDTA, and the surfactant cocamidopropyl betaine were investigated on biofilms, inoculated with plaque on rough titanium discs. The test and the control solutions were incubated for 15 min at 36 °C on biofilms, and loosened biofilm mass was removed by shear stress with a shaker. Fluorescence-stained biofilms were microscopically analysed. Acceptable cell tolerability concentrations of test substances were determined by the MTT (tetrazolium dye) assay on the MG-63 cell line. A statistically significant biofilm destabilising effect of 10% was shown with lysozyme (2500 µg/ml).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rutger Matthes
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, Dental School, University Medicine, Greifswald Rotgerberstr. 8, 17475, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Lukasz Jablonowski
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, Dental School, University Medicine, Greifswald Rotgerberstr. 8, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Birte Holtfreter
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, Dental School, University Medicine, Greifswald Rotgerberstr. 8, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christiane Pink
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, Dental School, University Medicine, Greifswald Rotgerberstr. 8, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas Kocher
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, Dental School, University Medicine, Greifswald Rotgerberstr. 8, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ranjith K, Sharma S, Shivaji S. Microbes of the human eye: Microbiome, antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation. Exp Eye Res 2021; 205:108476. [PMID: 33549582 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The review focuses on the bacteria associated with the human eye using the dual approach of detecting cultivable bacteria and the total microbiome using next generation sequencing. The purpose of this review was to highlight the connection between antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation in ocular bacteria. METHODS Pubmed was used as the source to catalogue culturable bacteria and ocular microbiomes associated with the normal eyes and those with ocular diseases, to ascertain the emergence of anti-microbial resistance with special reference to biofilm formation. RESULTS This review highlights the genetic strategies used by microorganisms to evade the lethal effects of anti-microbial agents by tracing the connections between candidate genes and biofilm formation. CONCLUSION The eye has its own microbiome which needs to be extensively studied under different physiological conditions; data on eye microbiomes of people from different ethnicities, geographical regions etc. are also needed to understand how these microbiomes affect ocular health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konduri Ranjith
- Jhaveri Microbiology Centre, Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
| | - Savitri Sharma
- Jhaveri Microbiology Centre, Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
| | - Sisinthy Shivaji
- Jhaveri Microbiology Centre, Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Diclofenac May Induce PIA-Independent Biofilm Formation in Staphylococcus aureus Strains. Int J Microbiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/8823775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogen commonly resistant to antibiotics. Biofilm formation is one of the important factors related to its virulence. Non-antibiotics drugs, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs), have been studied as an alternative for treating infections by multiresistant pathogens and biofilm-associated infections. In this study, the effects of NSAID sodium diclofenac on growth inhibition and biofilm formation of S. aureus were evaluated. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of diclofenac for fifty isolates ranged from 200 to 400 μg/mL. Diclofenac sub-MICs induced biofilm in 32.3% of biofilm-negative strains in tryptic soy broth. All biofilms induced by the drug showed a PIA- (polysaccharide intercellular adhesion-) independent composition, and the scanning electron microscopy showed that the induced biofilm presented a very discrete matrix. The combination of diclofenac with rifampicin sub-MICs induced strong production of PIA-dependent biofilm in three of four strains, while combination of NSAID with NaCl induced the formation of partially polysaccharide biofilm in two strains and PIA-independent biofilm in another strain. The combination of NSAID with glucose resulted in PIA-independent biofilms in all four strains tested. The results showed that diclofenac can commonly induce biofilm production by a PIA-independent pathway. However, when this NSAID is combined with other types of inducing agents, the composition of the biofilm produced may vary.
Collapse
|
35
|
Rai A, Vittal RV, Mohan Raj JR. Isolation, Characterization, and Comparison of Efficiencies of Bacteriophages to Reduce Planktonic and Biofilm-Associated Staphylococcus aureus. JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND ALLIED SCIENCES NU 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1715773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction In the present era, wherein occurrence of antimicrobial resistance compounded with biofilms in disease conditions has rendered present antibiotic therapy ineffective, the need for alternative strategies to treat bacterial infections has brought bacteriophages to the forefront. The antimicrobial activity of phages is often determined by a viable cell reduction assay which focuses only on planktonic forms. The physiology of an organism in biofilm differs from those that are planktonic; hence, there is a need to evaluate the activity of phages both on planktonic forms, as well as on biofilms, to select candidate therapeutic phages.
Materials and Methods Bacteriophages for Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from environmental samples and characterized based on growth kinetics and DNA fingerprint patterns. Activity of isolated phages on planktonic forms was determined by viable count reduction assay. Phage ability to prevent biofilm formation and ability to disperse formed biofilms were performed in 96-well microtiter plates and biofilm estimated by crystal violet assay.
Results Four bacteriophages designated, that is, P3, PD1, PE1, and PE2, were isolated and characterized. Planktonic cells of S. aureus were found to be sensitive to phages PD1, PE1, and PE2. Phages PD1 and PE2 were efficient in preventing biofilm formation and phages PD1, PE1, and P3 were efficient in dispersing formed biofilms.
Conclusion The ability of some phages to disperse biofilms effectively, while unable to show the same efficiency on planktonic cells, indicates that viable count reduction assay alone may not be a sufficient tool to imply bactericidal activity of bacteriophages, especially while trying to eradicate biofilms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anoopkrishna Rai
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangaluru, India
| | - Rajeshwari V. Vittal
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangaluru, India
| | - Juliet R. Mohan Raj
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangaluru, India
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Nguyen HTT, Nguyen TH, Otto M. The staphylococcal exopolysaccharide PIA - Biosynthesis and role in biofilm formation, colonization, and infection. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:3324-3334. [PMID: 33240473 PMCID: PMC7674160 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PIA is a key extracellular matrix component in staphylococci and other bacteria. PIA is a cationic, partially deacetylated N-acetylglucosamine polymer. PIA has a major role in bacterial biofilms and biofilm-associated infection.
Exopolysaccharide is a key part of the extracellular matrix that contributes to important mechanisms of bacterial pathogenicity, most notably biofilm formation and immune evasion. In the human pathogens Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis, as well as in many other staphylococcal species, the only exopolysaccharide is polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA), a cationic, partially deacetylated homopolymer of N-acetylglucosamine, whose biosynthetic machinery is encoded in the ica locus. PIA production is strongly dependent on environmental conditions and controlled by many regulatory systems. PIA contributes significantly to staphylococcal biofilm formation and immune evasion mechanisms, such as resistance to antimicrobial peptides and ingestion and killing by phagocytes, and presence of the ica genes is associated with infectivity. Due to its role in pathogenesis, PIA has raised considerable interest as a potential vaccine component or target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hoai T T Nguyen
- Pathogen Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, U.S. National Institutes of Health, 50 South Drive, Bethesda 20814, MD, USA.,School of Biotechnology, International University, Vietnam National University of Ho Chi Minh City, Khu Pho 6, Thu Duc, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Thuan H Nguyen
- Pathogen Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, U.S. National Institutes of Health, 50 South Drive, Bethesda 20814, MD, USA
| | - Michael Otto
- Pathogen Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, U.S. National Institutes of Health, 50 South Drive, Bethesda 20814, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Van der Gucht M, Aktan MK, Hendrix H, Velde GV, Paeshuyse J, Braem A, Lavigne R. qDNase assay: A quantitative method for real-time assessment of DNase activity on coated surfaces. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 534:1003-1006. [PMID: 33121680 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
DNase coatings show great potential to prevent biofilm formation in various applications of the medical implant, food and marine industry. However, straightforward and quantitative methods to characterize the enzymatic activity of these coatings are currently not available. We here introduce the qDNase assay, a quantitative, real-time method to characterize the activity of DNase coatings. The assay combines (1) the use of an oligonucleotide probe, which fluoresces upon cleavage by coated DNases, and (2) the continuous read-out of the fluorescent signal within a microplate fluorometer format. The combination of these two properties results in a real-time fluorescent signal that is used to directly quantify the activity of DNase coatings. As a proof of concept, bovine DNase I coatings were immobilized on titanium by means of chemical grafting and their activity was estimated at 3.87 × 10-4 U. To our knowledge, the qDNase assay provides the first approach to report the activity of a DNase coating in absolute DNase activity units. This assay will not only serve to compare existing DNase coating methods more accurately, but will also enable the rational design of new DNase coating methods in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Van der Gucht
- KU Leuven, Department of Biosystems, Laboratory of Gene Technology, Kasteelpark Arenberg 21 - box 2462, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Merve Kübra Aktan
- KU Leuven, Department of Materials Engineering (MTM), Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44 - box 2450, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hanne Hendrix
- KU Leuven, Department of Biosystems, Laboratory of Gene Technology, Kasteelpark Arenberg 21 - box 2462, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Greetje Vande Velde
- KU Leuven, Department of Imaging & Pathology, Biomedical MRI / MoSAIC, Herestraat 49, building O&N1 - box 505, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Paeshuyse
- KU Leuven, Department of Biosystems, Laboratory of Host Pathogen Interaction in Livestock, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30 - box 2472, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annabel Braem
- KU Leuven, Department of Materials Engineering (MTM), Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44 - box 2450, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rob Lavigne
- KU Leuven, Department of Biosystems, Laboratory of Gene Technology, Kasteelpark Arenberg 21 - box 2462, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Gangwar B, Kumar S, Darokar MP. Glabridin Averts Biofilms Formation in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus by Modulation of the Surfaceome. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1779. [PMID: 33071991 PMCID: PMC7534511 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic bacterium of the human body and a leading cause of nosocomial infections. Methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infections involving biofilm lead to higher mortality and morbidity in patients. Biofilm causes serious clinical issues, as it mitigates entry of antimicrobials to reach the etiological agents. It plays an important role in resilient chronic infections which place an unnecessary burden on antibiotics and the associated costs. To combat drug-resistant infection involving biofilm, there is a need to discover potential anti-biofilm agents. In this study, activity of polyphenolic flavonoid glabridin against biofilm formation of methicillin resistant clinical isolates of S. aureus is being reported for the first time. Crystal violet assay and scanning electron microscopy evidences shows that glabridin prevents formation of cells clusters and attachment of methicillin resistant clinical isolate (MRSA 4423) of S. aureus to the surface in a dose dependent manner. Gel free proteomic analysis of biofilm matrix by LC-ESI-QTOF confirmed the existence of several proteins known to be involved in cells adhesion. Furthermore, expression analysis of cell surface proteins revealed that glabridin significantly down regulates an abundance of several surface-associated adhesins including fibronectin binding proteins (FnbA, FnbB), serine-aspartate repeat-containing protein D (SdrD), immunoglobulin-binding protein G (Sbi), and other virulence factors which were induced by extracellular glucose in MRSA 4423. In addition, several moonlighting proteins (proteins with multiple functions) such as translation elongation factors (EF-Tu, EF-G), chaperone protein (DnaK), glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and pyruvate kinase (PK) were detected on the cell surface wherein their abundance was inversely proportional to surface-associated adhesins. This study clearly suggests that glabridin prevents biofilm formation in S. aureus through modulation of the cell surface proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhavana Gangwar
- Molecular Bioprospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Molecular Bioprospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India.,Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Mahendra P Darokar
- Molecular Bioprospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
The formation of microbial biofilms enables single planktonic cells to assume a multicellular mode of growth. During dispersion, the final step of the biofilm life cycle, single cells egress from the biofilm to resume a planktonic lifestyle. As the planktonic state is considered to be more vulnerable to antimicrobial agents and immune responses, dispersion is being considered a promising avenue for biofilm control. In this Review, we discuss conditions that lead to dispersion and the mechanisms by which native and environmental cues contribute to dispersion. We also explore recent findings on the role of matrix degradation in the dispersion process, and the distinct phenotype of dispersed cells. Last, we discuss the translational and therapeutic potential of dispersing bacteria during infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kendra P Rumbaugh
- Department of Surgery, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Department of the TTUHSC Surgery Burn Center of Research Excellence, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Karin Sauer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA.
- Binghamton Biofilm Research Center, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Jiang Y, Geng M, Bai L. Targeting Biofilms Therapy: Current Research Strategies and Development Hurdles. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8081222. [PMID: 32796745 PMCID: PMC7465149 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8081222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are aggregate of microorganisms in which cells are frequently embedded within a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) and adhere to each other and/or to a surface. The development of biofilm affords pathogens significantly increased tolerances to antibiotics and antimicrobials. Up to 80% of human bacterial infections are biofilm-associated. Dispersal of biofilms can turn microbial cells into their more vulnerable planktonic phenotype and improve the therapeutic effect of antimicrobials. In this review, we focus on multiple therapeutic strategies that are currently being developed to target important structural and functional characteristics and drug resistance mechanisms of biofilms. We thoroughly discuss the current biofilm targeting strategies from four major aspects—targeting EPS, dispersal molecules, targeting quorum sensing, and targeting dormant cells. We explain each aspect with examples and discuss the main hurdles in the development of biofilm dispersal agents in order to provide a rationale for multi-targeted therapy strategies that target the complicated biofilms. Biofilm dispersal is a promising research direction to treat biofilm-associated infections in the future, and more in vivo experiments should be performed to ensure the efficacy of these therapeutic agents before being used in clinic.
Collapse
|
41
|
El-Mowafy M, Elgaml A, Shaaban M. New Approaches for Competing Microbial Resistance and Virulence. Microorganisms 2020. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.90388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
|
42
|
Fanaei Pirlar R, Emaneini M, Beigverdi R, Banar M, B. van Leeuwen W, Jabalameli F. Combinatorial effects of antibiotics and enzymes against dual-species Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms in the wound-like medium. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235093. [PMID: 32584878 PMCID: PMC7316268 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are one of the major issues in the treatment of chronic infections such as chronic wounds, where biofilms are typically polymicrobial. The synergy between species can occur during most polymicrobial infections, where antimicrobial resistance enhances as a result. Furthermore, self-produced extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) in biofilms results in a high tolerance to antibiotics that complicates wound healing. Since most antibiotics fail to remove biofilms in chronic infections, new therapeutic modalities may be required. Disruption of EPS is one of the effective approaches for biofilm eradication. Therefore, degradation of EPS using enzymes may result in improved chronic wounds healing. In the current study, we investigated the efficacy of trypsin, β-glucosidase, and DNase I enzymes on the degradation of dual-species biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus in a wound-like medium. These species are the two most common bacteria associated with biofilm formation in chronic wounds. Moreover, the reduction of minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) of meropenem and amikacin was evaluated when combined with enzymes. The minimum effective concentrations of trypsin, β-glucosidase, and DNase I enzymes to degrade biofilms were 1 μg/ml, 8 U/ml, and 150 U/ml, respectively. Combination of 0.15 μg/ml trypsin and 50 U/ml DNase I had a significant effect on S. aureus-P. aeruginosa biofilms which resulted in the dispersal and dissolution of all biofilms. In the presence of the enzymatic mixture, MBECs of antibiotics showed a significant decrease (p < 0.05), at least 2.5 fold. We found that trypsin/DNase I mixture can be used as an anti-biofilm agent against dual-species biofilms of S. aureus-P. aeruginosa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rima Fanaei Pirlar
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Emaneini
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Beigverdi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Banar
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Willem B. van Leeuwen
- Leiden Center for Applied Bioscience, University of Applied Sciences Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Fereshteh Jabalameli
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Pinto RM, Soares FA, Reis S, Nunes C, Van Dijck P. Innovative Strategies Toward the Disassembly of the EPS Matrix in Bacterial Biofilms. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:952. [PMID: 32528433 PMCID: PMC7264105 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms represent a major concern at a worldwide level due to the high demand for implantable medical devices and the rising numbers of bacterial resistance. The complex structure of the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) matrix plays a major role in this phenomenon, since it protects bacteria from antibiotics, avoiding drug penetration at bactericidal concentrations. Besides, this structure promotes bacterial cells to adopt a dormant lifestyle, becoming less susceptible to antibacterial agents. Currently, the available treatment for biofilm-related infections consists in the administration of conventional antibiotics at high doses for a long-term period. However, this treatment lacks efficiency against mature biofilms and for implant-associated biofilms it may be necessary to remove the medical device. Thus, biofilm-related infections represent an economical burden for the healthcare systems. New strategies focusing on the matrix are being highlighted as alternative therapies to eradicate biofilms. Here, we outline reported matrix disruptive agents, nanocarriers, and technologies, such as application of magnetic fields, photodynamic therapy, and ultrasounds, that have been under investigation to disrupt the EPS matrix of clinically relevant bacterial biofilms. In an ideal therapy, a synergistic effect between antibiotics and the explored innovated strategies is aimed to completely eradicate biofilms and avoid antimicrobial resistance phenomena.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rita M Pinto
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Center for Microbiology, VIB-KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Filipa A Soares
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Salette Reis
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Nunes
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrick Van Dijck
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Center for Microbiology, VIB-KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Mello TP, Branquinha MH, Santos ALS. Biofilms formed by Scedosporium and Lomentospora species: focus on the extracellular matrix. BIOFOULING 2020; 36:308-318. [PMID: 32401558 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2020.1759558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the biofilm formed by Scedosporium apiospermum, S. aurantiacum, S. minutisporum and Lomentospora prolificans on a polystyrene surface was investigated. Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed a dense mycelial mass, with an ECM covering/interspersing the fungal cells and containing carbohydrate-rich molecules (e.g. glycoproteins) and extracellular DNA. The ECMs that were chemically extracted from mature biofilms formed by each of these fungi was predominantly composed of polysaccharides, followed by proteins, nucleic acids and sterols. In general, the amount of biofilm ECM was significantly greater in S. minutisporum and S. aurantiacum than in S. apiospermum and L. prolificans. Corroborating these results, the disarticulation of mature biofilms with enzymes, sodium metaperiodate and chelating agents occurred mainly in S. minutisporum and S. aurantiacum. Collectively, these results have revealed for the first time the composition of the ECM of the biofilms formed by Scedosporium/Lomentospora species and the role it plays in their architecture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thaís P Mello
- Laboratório de Estudos Avançados de Microrganismos Emergentes e Resistentes (LEAMER), Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marta H Branquinha
- Laboratório de Estudos Avançados de Microrganismos Emergentes e Resistentes (LEAMER), Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - André L S Santos
- Laboratório de Estudos Avançados de Microrganismos Emergentes e Resistentes (LEAMER), Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica (PPGBq), Instituto de Química (IQ), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Siebert C, Villers C, Pavlou G, Touquet B, Yakandawala N, Tardieux I, Renesto P. Francisella novicida and F. philomiragia biofilm features conditionning fitness in spring water and in presence of antibiotics. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228591. [PMID: 32023304 PMCID: PMC7001994 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are currently considered as a predominant lifestyle of many bacteria in nature. While they promote survival of microbes, biofilms also potentially increase the threats to animal and public health in case of pathogenic species. They not only facilitate bacteria transmission and persistence, but also promote spreading of antibiotic resistance leading to chronic infections. In the case of Francisella tularensis, the causative agent of tularemia, biofilms have remained largely enigmatic. Here, applying live and static confocal microscopy, we report growth and ultrastructural organization of the biofilms formed in vitro by these microorganisms over the early transition from coccobacillary into coccoid shape during biofilm assembly. Using selective dispersing agents, we provided evidence for extracellular DNA (eDNA) being a major and conserved structural component of mature biofilms formed by both F. subsp. novicida and a human clinical isolate of F. philomiragia. We also observed a higher physical robustness of F. novicida biofilm as compared to F. philomiragia one, a feature likely promoted by specific polysaccharides. Further, F. novicida biofilms resisted significantly better to ciprofloxacin than their planktonic counterparts. Importantly, when grown in biofilms, both Francisella species survived longer in cold water as compared to free-living bacteria, a trait possibly associated with a gain in fitness in the natural aquatic environment. Overall, this study provides information on survival of Francisella when embedded with biofilms that should improve both the future management of biofilm-related infections and the design of effective strategies to tackle down the problematic issue of bacteria persistence in aquatic ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Corinne Villers
- TIMC-IMAG UMR 5525-UGA CNRS, Grenoble Cedex 9, France.,Université de Caen Normandie, EA4655 U2RM, Caen, France
| | - Georgios Pavlou
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Team Membrane Dynamics of Parasite-Host Cell Interactions, CNRS UMR 5309, INSERM U1209, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Bastien Touquet
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Team Membrane Dynamics of Parasite-Host Cell Interactions, CNRS UMR 5309, INSERM U1209, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Isabelle Tardieux
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Team Membrane Dynamics of Parasite-Host Cell Interactions, CNRS UMR 5309, INSERM U1209, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Xu B, Albert Ng TC, Huang S, Shi X, Ng HY. Feasibility of isolated novel facultative quorum quenching consortiums for fouling control in an AnMBR. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 114:151-180. [PMID: 31706123 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 485] [Impact Index Per Article: 121.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) technology is being recognized as an appealing strategy for wastewater treatment, however, severity of membrane fouling inhibits its widespread implementations. This study engineered novel facultative quorum quenching consortiums (FQQs) coping with membrane fouling in AnMBRs with preliminary analysis for their quorum quenching (QQ) performances. Herein, Acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs)-based quorum sensing (QS) in a lab-scale AnMBR initially revealed that N-Hexanoyl-dl-homoserine lactone (C6-HSL), N-Octanoyl-dl-homoserine lactone (C8-HSL) and N-Decanoyl-dl-homoserine lactone (C10-HSL) were the dominant AHLs in AnMBRs in this study. Three FQQs, namely, FQQ-C6, FQQ-C8 and FQQ-C10, were harvested after anaerobic screening of aerobic QQ consortiums (AeQQs) which were isolated by enrichment culture, aiming to degrade C6-HSL, C8-HSL and C10-HSL, respectively. Growth of FQQ-C6 and FQQ-C10 using AHLs as carbon source under anaerobic condition was significantly faster than those using acetate, congruously suggesting that their QQ performance will not be compromised in AnMBRs. All FQQs degraded a wide range of AHLs pinpointing their extensive QQ ability. FQQ-C6, FQQ-C8 and FQQ-C10 remarkably alleviated extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) production in a lab-scale AnMBR by 72.46%, 35.89% and 65.88%, respectively, and FQQ-C6 retarded membrane fouling of the AnMBR by 2 times. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that there was a major shift in dominant species from AeQQs to FQQs where Comamonas sp., Klebsiella sp., Stenotrophomonas sp. and Ochrobactrum sp. survived after anaerobic screening and were the majority in FQQs. High growth rate utilizing AHLs under anaerobic condition and enormous EPS retardation efficiency in FQQ-C6 and FQQ-C10 could be attributed to Comamonas sp.. These findings demonstrated that FQQs could be leveraged for QQ under anaerobic systems. We believe that this was the first work proposing a bacterial pool of facultative QQ candidates holding biotechnological promises for membrane fouling control in AnMBRs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boyan Xu
- Centre for Water Research, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore, 117576
| | - Tze Chiang Albert Ng
- Centre for Water Research, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore, 117576
| | - Shujuan Huang
- Centre for Water Research, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore, 117576
| | - Xueqing Shi
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, 11 Fushun Road, Qingdao, 266033, PR China
| | - How Yong Ng
- Centre for Water Research, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore, 117576; National University of Singapore Environmental Research Institute, 5A Engineering Drive 1, 117411, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Kucera J. Biofouling of Polyamide Membranes: Fouling Mechanisms, Current Mitigation and Cleaning Strategies, and Future Prospects. MEMBRANES 2019; 9:E111. [PMID: 31480327 PMCID: PMC6780091 DOI: 10.3390/membranes9090111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Reverse osmosis and nanofiltration systems are continuously challenged with biofouling of polyamide membranes that are used almost exclusively for these desalination techniques. Traditionally, pretreatment and reactive membrane cleanings are employed as biofouling control methods. This in-depth review paper discusses the mechanisms of membrane biofouling and effects on performance. Current industrial disinfection techniques are reviewed, including chlorine and other chemical and non-chemical alternatives to chlorine. Operational techniques such as reactive membrane cleaning are also covered. Based on this review, there are three suggested areas of additional research offering promising, polyamide membrane-targeted biofouling minimization that are discussed. One area is membrane modification. Modification using surface coatings with inclusion of various nanoparticles, and graphene oxide within the polymer or membrane matrix, are covered. This work is in the infancy stage and shows promise for minimizing the contributions of current membranes themselves in promoting biofouling, as well as creating oxidant-resistant membranes. Another area of suggested research is chemical disinfectants for possible application directly on the membrane. Likely disinfectants discussed herein include nitric oxide donor compounds, dichloroisocyanurate, and chlorine dioxide. Finally, proactive cleaning, which aims to control the extent of biofouling by cleaning before it negatively affects membrane performance, shows potential for low- to middle-risk systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jane Kucera
- Nalco Water, An Ecolab Company, 1601 West Diehl Road, Naperville, IL 60563, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Kim MJ, Lim ES, Kim JS. Enzymatic Inactivation of Pathogenic and Nonpathogenic Bacteria in Biofilms in Combination with Chlorine. J Food Prot 2019; 82:605-614. [PMID: 30907667 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of enzyme application on biofilms of bacterial isolates from a cafeteria kitchen and foodborne pathogens and the susceptibility of Salmonella biofilms to proteinase K combined with chlorine treatment. For four isolates from a cafeteria kitchen ( Acinetobacter, Enterobacter, and Kocuria) and six strains of foodborne pathogens ( Salmonella enterica, Staphylococcus aureus, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus), the inhibitory effect of enzymes on biofilm formation at 25°C for 24 h or the degradative efficacy of enzymes on 24-h mature biofilm at 37°C for 1 h in tryptic soy broth (TSB) was examined in a polystyrene microtiter plate. The effect of enzymes was also evaluated on a subset of these strains in 20 times diluted TSB (1/20 TSB) at 25°C. The working concentrations of five enzymes were 1 U/100 μL for α-amylase, amyloglucosidase, cellulase, and DNase and 1 milli-Anson unit/100 μL for proteinase K. In addition, 24-h mature Salmonella Typhimurium biofilm on a stainless steel coupon was treated with proteinase K for 1 h at 25°C followed by 20 ppm of chlorine for 1 min at 25°C. The results showed that certain enzymes inhibited biofilm formation by the kitchen-originated bacteria; however, the enzymatic effect was diminished on the mature biofilms. Biofilm formation of V. parahaemolyticus was suppressed by all tested enzymes, whereas the mature biofilm was degraded by α-amylase, DNase I, and proteinase K. Proteinase K was effective in controlling Salmonella biofilms, whereas a strain-dependent variation was observed in S. aureus biofilms. In 1/20 TSB, Enterobacter cancerogenus and Kocuria varians were more susceptible to certain enzymes during biofilm formation than those in TSB, whereas the enzymatic effect was much decreased on 24-h mature biofilms, regardless of nutrient conditions. Furthermore, synergistic inactivation of Salmonella Typhimurium in biofilms was observed in the combined treatment of proteinase K followed by chlorine. Live/Dead assays also revealed a decrease in density and loss of membrane integrity in Salmonella Typhimurium biofilms exposed to the combined treatment. Therefore, certain enzymes can control biofilms of isolates residing in a cafeteria kitchen and foodborne pathogens. This study demonstrates the potential of enzymes for the sanitation of food processing environments and of proteinase K combined with chlorine to control Salmonella biofilms on food contact surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jeong Kim
- 1 Research Group of Consumer Safety, Research Division of Strategic Food Technology, Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Seob Lim
- 2 Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, 217, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Sung Kim
- 1 Research Group of Consumer Safety, Research Division of Strategic Food Technology, Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea.,2 Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, 217, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important human pathogens that is responsible for a variety of diseases ranging from skin and soft tissue infections to endocarditis and sepsis. In recent decades, the treatment of staphylococcal infections has become increasingly difficult as the prevalence of multi-drug resistant strains continues to rise. With increasing mortality rates and medical costs associated with drug resistant strains, there is an urgent need for alternative therapeutic options. Many innovative strategies for alternative drug development are being pursued, including disruption of biofilms, inhibition of virulence factor production, bacteriophage-derived antimicrobials, anti-staphylococcal vaccines, and light-based therapies. While many compounds and methods still need further study to determine their feasibility, some are quickly approaching clinical application and may be available in the near future.
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
Staphylococci, with the leading species Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, are the most frequent causes of infections on indwelling medical devices. The biofilm phenotype that those bacteria adopt during device-associated infection facilitates increased resistance to antibiotics and host immune defenses. This review presents and discusses the molecular mechanisms contributing to staphylococcal biofilm development and their in-vivo importance. Furthermore, it summarizes current strategies for the development of therapeutics against staphylococcal biofilm-associated infection.
Collapse
|