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Machado M, Silva S, Costa EM. Are Antimicrobial Peptides a 21st-Century Solution for Atopic Dermatitis? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13460. [PMID: 37686269 PMCID: PMC10488019 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder that is the result of various environmental, bacterial and genetic stimuli, which culminate in the disruption of the skin's barrier function. Characterized by highly pruritic skin lesions, xerosis and an array of comorbidities among which skin infections are the most common, this condition results in both a significant loss of quality of life and in the need for life-long treatments (e.g., corticosteroids, monoclonal antibodies and regular antibiotic intake), all of which may have harmful secondary effects. This, in conjunction with AD's rising prevalence, made the development of alternative treatment strategies the focus of both the scientific community and the pharmaceutical industry. Given their potential to both manage the skin microbiome, fight infections and even modulate the local immune response, the use of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) from more diverse origins has become one of the most promising alternative solutions for AD management, with some being already used with some success towards this end. However, their production and use also exhibit some limitations. The current work seeks to compile the available information and provide a better understanding of the state of the art in the understanding of AMPs' true potential in addressing AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Silva
- CBQF Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Eduardo M. Costa
- CBQF Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal;
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Machado M, Costa EM, Silva S, Rodriguez-Alcalá LM, Gomes AM, Pintado M. Understanding the Anti-Obesity Potential of an Avocado Oil-Rich Cheese through an In Vitro Co-Culture Intestine Cell Model. Molecules 2023; 28:5923. [PMID: 37570893 PMCID: PMC10421176 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, with consumers' requirements shifting towards more natural solutions and the advent of nutraceutical-based approaches, new alternatives for obesity management are being developed. This work aimed to show, for the first time, the potential of avocado oil-fortified cheese as a viable foodstuff for obesity management through complex in vitro cellular models. The results showed that oleic and palmitic acids' permeability through the Caco-2/HT29-MTX membrane peaked at the 2h mark, with the highest apparent permeability being registered for oleic acid (0.14 cm/s). Additionally, the permeated compounds were capable of modulating the metabolism of adipocytes present in the basal compartment, significantly reducing adipokine (leptin) and cytokine (MPC-1, IL-10, and TNF-α) production. The permeates (containing 3.30 µg/mL of palmitic acid and 2.16 µg/mL of oleic acid) also presented an overall anti-inflammatory activity upon Raw 264.7 macrophages, reducing IL-6 and TNF-α secretion. Despite in vivo assays being required, the data showed the potential of a functional dairy product as a valid food matrix to aid in obesity management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eduardo M. Costa
- CBQF Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | | | | | | | - Manuela Pintado
- CBQF Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
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Sousa-Pinto B, Louis R, Anto JM, Amaral R, Sá-Sousa A, Czarlewski W, Brussino L, Canonica GW, Chaves Loureiro C, Cruz AA, Gemicioglu B, Haahtela T, Kupczyk M, Kvedariene V, Larenas-Linnemann DE, Okamoto Y, Ollert M, Pfaar O, Pham-Thi N, Puggioni F, Regateiro FS, Romantowski J, Sastre J, Scichilone N, Taborda-Barata L, Ventura MT, Agache I, Bedbrook A, Becker S, Bergmann KC, Bosnic-Anticevich S, Bonini M, Boulet LP, Brusselle G, Buhl R, Cecchi L, Charpin D, de Blay F, Del Giacco S, Ivancevich JC, Jutel M, Klimek L, Kraxner H, Kuna P, Laune D, Makela M, Morais-Almeida M, Nadif R, Niedoszytko M, Papadopoulos NG, Papi A, Patella V, Pétré B, Rivero Yeverino D, Robalo Cordeiro C, Roche N, Rouadi PW, Samolinski B, Savouré M, Shamji MH, Sheikh A, Suppli Ulrik C, Usmani OS, Valiulis A, Yorgancioglu A, Zuberbier T, Fonseca JA, Costa EM, Bousquet J. Adherence to inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting β2-agonists in asthma: A MASK-air study. Pulmonology 2023:S2531-0437(23)00130-7. [PMID: 37543524 DOI: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adherence to controller medication is a major problem in asthma management, being difficult to assess and tackle. mHealth apps can be used to assess adherence. We aimed to assess the adherence to inhaled corticosteroids+long-acting β2-agonists (ICS+LABA) in users of the MASK-air® app, comparing the adherence to ICS+formoterol (ICS+F) with that to ICS+other LABA. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analysed complete weeks of MASK-air® data (2015-2022; 27 countries) from patients with self-reported asthma and ICS+LABA use. We compared patients reporting ICS+F versus ICS+other LABA on adherence levels, symptoms and symptom-medication scores. We built regression models to assess whether adherence to ICS+LABA was associated with asthma control or short-acting beta-agonist (SABA) use. Sensitivity analyses were performed considering the weeks with no more than one missing day. RESULTS In 2598 ICS+LABA users, 621 (23.9%) reported 4824 complete weeks and 866 (33.3%) reported weeks with at most one missing day. Higher adherence (use of medication ≥80% of weekly days) was observed for ICS+other LABA (75.1%) when compared to ICS+F (59.3%), despite both groups displaying similar asthma control and work productivity. The ICS+other LABA group was associated with more days of SABA use than the ICS+F group (median=71.4% versus 57.1% days). Each additional weekly day of ICS+F use was associated with a 4.1% less risk in weekly SABA use (95%CI=-6.5;-1.6%;p=0.001). For ICS+other LABA, the percentage was 8.2 (95%CI=-11.6;-5.0%;p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS In asthma patients adherent to the MASK-air app, adherence to ICS+LABA was high. ICS+F users reported lower adherence but also a lower SABA use and a similar level of control.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Sousa-Pinto
- MEDCIDS - Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences; Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; CINTESIS@RISE - Health Research Network, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - R Louis
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, CHU Liège, Liège, Belgium; GIGA I3 Research Group, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - J M Anto
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Amaral
- MEDCIDS - Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences; Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; CINTESIS@RISE - Health Research Network, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - A Sá-Sousa
- MEDCIDS - Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences; Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; CINTESIS@RISE - Health Research Network, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - W Czarlewski
- Medical Consulting Czarlewski, Levallois, France; MASK-air, Montpellier, France
| | - L Brussino
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Mauriziano Hospital, Torino, Italy
| | - G W Canonica
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Humanitas Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - C Chaves Loureiro
- Department of Pneumology, University of Coimbra, Medicine Faculty, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A A Cruz
- Fundaçao ProAR, Federal University of Bahia and GARD/WHO Planning Group, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - B Gemicioglu
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - T Haahtela
- Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Kupczyk
- Division of Internal Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Barlicki University Hospital, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - V Kvedariene
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinic of Chest Diseases and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - D E Larenas-Linnemann
- Center of Excellence in Asthma and Allergy, Médica Sur Clinical Foundation and Hospital, México City, Mexico
| | - Y Okamoto
- Chiba Rosai Hospital, Chiba, Japan; Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - M Ollert
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis (ORCA), and Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - O Pfaar
- Section of Rhinology and Allergy, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - N Pham-Thi
- Ecole Polytechnique de Palaiseau, Palaiseau, France; IRBA (Institut de Recherche Bio-Médicale des Armées), Brétigny sur Orge, France; Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - F Puggioni
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Center, Personalized Medicine Asthma & Allergy, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - F S Regateiro
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - J Romantowski
- Medical University of Gdańsk, Department of Allergology, Gdansk, Poland
| | - J Sastre
- Allergy Service, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University of Madrid, CIBERES-ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - N Scichilone
- PROMISE Department, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - L Taborda-Barata
- Department of Immunoallergology, Cova da Beira University Hospital Centre, Covilhã, Portugal; UBIAir - Clinical & Experimental Lung Centre and CICS-UBI Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - M T Ventura
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy; Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council (ISPA-CNR), Bari, Italy
| | - I Agache
- Faculty of Medicine, Transylvania University of Brasov, Brasov, Romania
| | - A Bedbrook
- MASK-air, Montpellier, France; ARIA, Montpellier, France
| | - S Becker
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - K C Bergmann
- Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Bosnic-Anticevich
- Quality Use of Respiratory Medicines Group, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
| | - M Bonini
- Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurological, ENT and Thoracic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli - IRCCS, Rome, Italy; National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - L-P Boulet
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - G Brusselle
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - R Buhl
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Mainz University Hospital, Mainz, Germany
| | - L Cecchi
- SOS Allergology and Clinical Immunology, USL Toscana Centro, Prato, Italy
| | - D Charpin
- Clinique des Bronches, Allergie et Sommeil, Hôpital Nord, Marseille, France
| | - F de Blay
- Allergy Division, Chest Disease Department, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Federation of Translational Medicine, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - S Del Giacco
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health and Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital "Duilio Casula", University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - J C Ivancevich
- Servicio de Alergia e Immunologia, Clinica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Jutel
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Wrocław Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland; ALL-MED Medical Research Institute, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - L Klimek
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Center for Rhinology and Allergology, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - H Kraxner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - P Kuna
- Division of Internal Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Barlicki University Hospital, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - D Laune
- KYomed INNOV, Montpellier, France
| | - M Makela
- Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - R Nadif
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France; Inserm, Equipe d'Epidémiologie Respiratoire Intégrative, CESP, Villejuif, France
| | - M Niedoszytko
- Department of Allergology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - N G Papadopoulos
- Allergy Department, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - A Papi
- Respiratory Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - V Patella
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, "Santa Maria della Speranza" Hospital, Battipaglia, Salerno, Italy; Agency of Health ASL, Salerno, Italy; Postgraduate Programme in Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - B Pétré
- Department of Public Health, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - D Rivero Yeverino
- Servicio de Alergia e Inmunología clínica, Hospital Universitario de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - C Robalo Cordeiro
- Department of Pneumology, University of Coimbra, Medicine Faculty, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - N Roche
- Pneumologie, AP-HP Centre Université de Paris Cité, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France; UMR 1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - P W Rouadi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Eye and Ear University Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Dar Al Shifa Hospital, Salmiya, Kuwait
| | - B Samolinski
- Department of Prevention of Environmental Hazards, Allergology and Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Savouré
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France; Inserm, Equipe d'Epidémiologie Respiratoire Intégrative, CESP, Villejuif, France
| | - M H Shamji
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, UK; NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - A Sheikh
- Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - C Suppli Ulrik
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital-Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - O S Usmani
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, UK; Royal Brompton Hospital, Airways Disease Section, London, UK
| | - A Valiulis
- Interdisciplinary Research Group of Human Ecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Medical Faculty of Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania; European Academy of Paediatrics (EAP/UEMS-SP), Brussel, Belgium
| | - A Yorgancioglu
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Celal Bayar University, Faculty of Medicine, Manisa, Turkey
| | - T Zuberbier
- Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - J A Fonseca
- MEDCIDS - Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences; Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; CINTESIS@RISE - Health Research Network, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - E M Costa
- UCIBIO, REQUINTE, Faculty of Pharmacy and Competence Center on Active and Healthy Ageing of University of Porto (Porto4Ageing), Porto, Portugal
| | - J Bousquet
- Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany; Inserm, Equipe d'Epidémiologie Respiratoire Intégrative, CESP, Villejuif, France; University Hospital Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
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Faustino M, Silva S, Costa EM, Pereira AM, Pereira JO, Oliveira AS, Ferreira CMH, Pereira CF, Durão J, Pintado ME, Carvalho AP. Effect of Mannan Oligosaccharides Extracts in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Adhesion in Human Bladder Cells. Pathogens 2023; 12:885. [PMID: 37513732 PMCID: PMC10384913 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12070885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common public health problem, mainly caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). Patients with chronic UTIs are usually treated with long-acting prophylactic antibiotics, which promotes the development of antibiotic-resistant UPEC strains and may complicate their long-term management. D-mannose and extracts rich in D-mannose such as mannan oligosaccharides (MOS; D-mannose oligomers) are promising alternatives to antibiotic prophylaxis due to their ability to inhibit bacterial adhesion to urothelial cells and, therefore, infection. This highlights the therapeutic potential and commercial value of using them as health supplements. Studies on the effect of MOS in UTIs are, however, scarce. Aiming to evaluate the potential benefits of using MOS extracts in UTIs prophylaxis, their ability to inhibit the adhesion of UPEC to urothelial cells and its mechanism of action were assessed. Additionally, the expression levels of the pro-inflammatory marker interleukin 6 (IL-6) were also evaluated. After characterizing their cytotoxic profiles, the preliminary results indicated that MOS extracts have potential to be used for the handling of UTIs and demonstrated that the mechanism through which they inhibit bacterial adhesion is through the competitive inhibition of FimH adhesins through the action of mannose, validated by a bacterial growth impact assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Faustino
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Silva
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduardo M Costa
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Margarida Pereira
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
- Amyris Bio Products Portugal, Unipessoal Lda, Rua Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Odila Pereira
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
- Amyris Bio Products Portugal, Unipessoal Lda, Rua Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Sofia Oliveira
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos M H Ferreira
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
- Amyris Bio Products Portugal, Unipessoal Lda, Rua Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla F Pereira
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Durão
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
- Amyris Bio Products Portugal, Unipessoal Lda, Rua Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela E Pintado
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana P Carvalho
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
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Costa EM, Silva S, Pereira CF, Ribeiro AB, Casanova F, Freixo R, Pintado M, Ramos ÓL. Carboxymethyl Cellulose as a Food Emulsifier: Are Its Days Numbered? Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15102408. [PMID: 37242982 DOI: 10.3390/polym15102408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Carboxymethyl cellulose use in industry is ubiquitous. Though it is recognized as safe by the EFSA and FDA, newer works have raised concerns related to its safety, as in vivo studies showed evidence of gut dysbiosis associated with CMC's presence. Herein lies the question, is CMC a gut pro-inflammatory compound? As no work addressed this question, we sought to understand whether CMC was pro-inflammatory through the immunomodulation of GI tract epithelial cells. The results showed that while CMC was not cytotoxic up to 25 mg/mL towards Caco-2, HT29-MTX and Hep G2 cells, it had an overall pro-inflammatory behavior. In a Caco-2 monolayer, CMC by itself increased IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α secretion, with the latter increasing by 1924%, and with these increases being 9.7 times superior to the one obtained for the IL-1β pro-inflammation control. In co-culture models, an increase in secretion in the apical side, particularly for IL-6 (692% increase), was observed, and when RAW 264.7 was added, data showed a more complex scenario as stimulation of pro-inflammatory (IL-6, MCP-1 and TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10 and IFN-β) cytokines in the basal side was observed. Considering these results, CMC may exert a pro-inflammatory effect in the intestinal lumen, and despite more studies being required, the incorporation of CMC in foodstuffs must be carefully considered in the future to minimize potential GI tract dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo M Costa
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Silva
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla F Pereira
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Alessandra B Ribeiro
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisca Casanova
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Freixo
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela Pintado
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Óscar L Ramos
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
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Costa EM, Oliveira AS, Silva S, Ribeiro AB, Pereira CF, Ferreira C, Casanova F, Pereira JO, Freixo R, Pintado ME, Carvalho AP, Ramos ÓL. Spent Yeast Waste Streams as a Sustainable Source of Bioactive Peptides for Skin Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032253. [PMID: 36768574 PMCID: PMC9916692 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Spent yeast waste streams are a byproduct obtained from fermentation process and have been shown to be a rich secondary source of bioactive compounds such as phenolic compounds and peptides. The latter are of particular interest for skin care and cosmetics as they have been shown to be safe and hypoallergenic while simultaneously being able to exert various effects upon the epidermis modulating immune response and targeting skin metabolites, such as collagen production. As the potential of spent yeast's peptides has been mainly explored for food-related applications, this work sought to understand if peptide fractions previously extracted from fermentation engineered spent yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) waste streams possess biological potential for skin-related applications. To that end, cytotoxic effects on HaCat and HDFa cells and whether they were capable of exerting a positive effect upon the production of skin metabolites relevant for skin health, such as collagen, hyaluronic acid, fibronectin and elastin, were evaluated. The results showed that the peptide fractions assayed were not cytotoxic up to the highest concentration tested (500 µg/mL) for both cell lines tested. Furthermore, all peptide fractions showed a capacity to modulate the various target metabolites production with an overall positive effect being observed for the four fractions over the six selected targets (pro-collagen IαI, hyaluronic acid, fibronectin, cytokeratin-14, elastin, and aquaporin-9). Concerning the evaluated fractions, the overall best performance (Gpep > 1 kDa) was of an average promotion of 41.25% over the six metabolites and two cell lines assessed at a concentration of 100 µg/mL. These results showed that the peptide fractions assayed in this work have potential for future applications in skin-related products at relatively low concentrations, thus providing an alternative solution for one of the fermentation industry's waste streams and creating a novel and highly valuable bioactive ingredient with encompassing activity to be applied in future skin care formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo M. Costa
- Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (E.M.C.); (Ó.L.R.)
| | - Ana Sofia Oliveira
- Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Silva
- Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Alessandra B. Ribeiro
- Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla F. Pereira
- Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos Ferreira
- Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
- Amyris Bio Products Portugal Unipessoal Lda, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisca Casanova
- Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana O. Pereira
- Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
- Amyris Bio Products Portugal Unipessoal Lda, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Freixo
- Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela E. Pintado
- Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Carvalho
- Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Óscar L. Ramos
- Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (E.M.C.); (Ó.L.R.)
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Silva S, Costa EM, Machado M, Morais R, Calhau C, Pintado M. Antiadhesive and Antibiofilm Effect of Malvidin-3-Glucoside and Malvidin-3-Glucoside/Neochlorogenic Acid Mixtures upon Staphylococcus. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12111062. [PMID: 36355145 PMCID: PMC9694786 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12111062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Several reports on the biological activity of anthocyanin-rich extracts have been made. However, despite the association of said activity with their anthocyanin content, to the best of our knowledge, there are no previous works regarding the antimicrobial, antibiofilm and/or antiadhesive properties of anthocyanins alone. Therefore, the present work aimed to determine the effects of malvidin-3-glucoside, a major component of a previously reported extract, and the impact of its association with neochlorogenic acid (the only non-anthocyanin phenolic present in said extract), upon several Staphylococcus strains with varying resistance profiles. Results show that, while malvidin-3-glucoside and malvidin-3-glucoside/neochlorogenic acid mixtures were unable to considerably inhibit bacterial growth after 24 h, they still possessed an interesting antibiofilm activity (with reductions of biofilm entrapped cells up to 2.5 log cycles, metabolic inhibition rates up to 81% and up to 51% of biomass inhibition). When considering the bacteria’s capacity to adhere to plain polystyrene surfaces, the inhibition ranges were considerably lower (21% maximum value). However, when considering polystyrene surfaces coated with plasmatic proteins this value was considerably higher (45% for adhesion in the presence of extract and 39% for adhesion after the surface was exposed to extract). Overall, the studied anthocyanins showed potential as future alternatives to traditional antimicrobials in adhesion and biofilm formation prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Silva
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (M.P.); Tel.: +351-22-558-00-00 (S.S. & M.P.)
| | - Eduardo M. Costa
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela Machado
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Morais
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Conceição Calhau
- Nutrição e Metabolismo, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
- CINTESIS, Centro de Investigação em Tecnologias e Serviços de Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela Pintado
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (M.P.); Tel.: +351-22-558-00-00 (S.S. & M.P.)
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Silva S, Costa EM, Oliveira H, Freitas VD, Morais RM, Calhau C, Pintado M. Impact of a Purified Blueberry Extract on In Vitro Probiotic Mucin-Adhesion and Its Effect on Probiotic/Intestinal Pathogen Systems. Molecules 2022; 27:6991. [PMID: 36296591 PMCID: PMC9611478 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Several arguments have been made to substantiate the need for natural antimicrobials for the food industry. With blueberry extracts, the most compelling are both their healthy connotation and the possibility of obtaining a multipurpose solution that can be an antioxidant, colorant, and antimicrobial. From an antimicrobial perspective, as blueberry/anthocyanin-rich extracts have been associated with a capacity to inhibit harmful bacteria while causing little to no inhibition on potential probiotic microorganisms, the study of potential benefits that come from synergies between the extract and probiotics may be of particular interest. Therefore, the present work aimed to evaluate the effect of an anthocyanin-rich extract on the adhesion of five different probiotics as well as their effect on the probiotics' capacity to compete with or block pathogen adhesion to a mucin/BSA-treated surface. The results showed that, despite some loss of probiotic adhesion, the combined presence of extract and probiotic is more effective in reducing the overall amount of adhered viable pathogen cells than the PROBIOTIC alone, regardless of the probiotic/pathogen system considered. Furthermore, in some instances, the combination of the extract with Bifidobacterium animalis Bo allowed for almost complete inhibition of pathogen adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Silva
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduardo M. Costa
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Hélder Oliveira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Vitor De Freitas
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui M. Morais
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Conceição Calhau
- Nutrição e Metabolismo, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
- CINTESIS, Centro de Investigação em Tecnologias e Serviços de Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela Pintado
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
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Machado M, Costa EM, Silva S, Rodriguez-Alcalá LM, Gomes AM, Pintado M. Pomegranate Oil’s Potential as an Anti-Obesity Ingredient. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154958. [PMID: 35956908 PMCID: PMC9370579 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, pomegranate oil has obtained more attention due to its content of conjugated linolenic acids and possible application in the prevention of many diseases. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the potential ability of pomegranate oil to modulate obesity-related metabolism and immune response using in vitro models. In this regard, pomegranate oil was characterized in terms of fatty acids profile, tocopherols and phytosterols, and antioxidant capacity. After evaluation of the safety profile, pomegranate oil’s capacity to modulate obesity-related metabolism was evaluated through adipolysis and adipokines secretion quantification in 3T3-L1 differentiated adipocytes and hepatic lipid accumulation assay in Hep G2 hepatocytes. The immunomodulatory activity was evaluated in Caco-2 cells by quantification of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α. This oil showed high antioxidant capacity and was mainly composed of conjugated fatty acid, namely punicic acid. Its chemical composition was responsible for its capacity to reduce the lipid accumulation in Hep G2 cells and 3T3-L1 differentiated adipocytes. In short, pomegranate oil shows great potential for the development of functional foods and nutraceuticals targeting obesity.
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Bonifácio-Lopes T, Vilas Boas AA, Coscueta ER, Costa EM, Silva S, Campos D, Teixeira JA, Pintado M. Correction: Bioactive extracts from brewer's spent grain. Food Funct 2021; 12:12162. [PMID: 34792072 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo90072b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Correction for 'Bioactive extracts from brewer's spent grain' by Teresa Bonifácio-Lopes et al., Food Funct., 2020, 11, 8963-8977, DOI: 10.1039/D0FO01426E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Bonifácio-Lopes
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal. .,CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana A Vilas Boas
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ezequiel R Coscueta
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Eduardo M Costa
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Sara Silva
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Débora Campos
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
| | - José A Teixeira
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Manuela Pintado
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
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de Sousa FS, Costa EM, Alves CMC, Queiroz RCDS, Tonello AS, Ribeiro CCC, Thomaz EBAF. Socioeconomic inequalities and temporomandibular joint disorders in adolescents: contributions from a Maranhão cohort. Community Dent Health 2021; 38:192-197. [PMID: 33934580 DOI: 10.1922/cdh_desousa0028506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess the prevalence of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) in adolescents and estimate possible associations with poverty. BASIC RESEARCH DESIGN A cross-sectional study nested within a prospective birth cohort study conducted in São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil. PARTICIPANTS 2,412 adolescents aged 18-19 years. MATERIAL AND METHODS The presence of TMD, classified according to the Fonseca Anamnestic Index, was used as the outcome. The following explanatory variables were assessed: gender, household head, paved/asphalted street, piped water, and socioeconomic background, based on the Brazilian Association of Market Research criteria and the poverty income ratio (PIR). Logistic regression analysis was performed with the estimation of odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS TMD was common (51.4%) and was associated with poverty, as it was more frequent among adolescents from social classes D-E (OR=2.60; 95% CI: 1.48-4.55) and C (OR=1.82; 95% CI: 1.12-2.99) compared to A/B, and among poor adolescents using the PIR (OR=1.50; 95% CI: 1.02-2.33). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of TMD in socioeconomically disadvantaged adolescents in São Luís is high, and these data allow the early identification of at-risk groups. We recommend carrying out other population-based studies, using diagnostic strategies with greater accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- F S de Sousa
- Department of Public Health, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Brazil
| | - E M Costa
- Department of Public Health, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Brazil
| | - C M C Alves
- Department of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Brazil
| | - R C D S Queiroz
- Department of Public Health, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Brazil
| | - A S Tonello
- Department of Public Health, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Brazil
| | - C C C Ribeiro
- Department of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Brazil
| | - E B A F Thomaz
- Department of Public Health, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Brazil
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Bonifácio-Lopes T, Vilas Boas AA, Coscueta ER, Costa EM, Silva S, Campos D, Teixeira JA, Pintado M. Bioactive extracts from brewer's spent grain. Food Funct 2021; 11:8963-8977. [PMID: 33001088 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01426e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, antioxidant-rich extracts from brewer's spent grain (BSG) extracted by solid-to-liquid extraction using different solvents water and ethanol and their mixtures at two ratios (80% ethanol : water (v/v) and 60% ethanol : water (v/v)) were characterized. Nutritional composition was evaluated for the extracts and for the solid residues obtained after extraction. Additionally, the extracts were analyzed for the total phenolic content and individual phenolic compounds and related biological properties including antioxidant capacity (ABTS; ORAC and DNA protection), antihypertensive capacity, antibacterial activity and antibiofilm capacity. Safety was also demonstrated through genotoxicity and cytotoxicity tests. The results obtained showed that while all the extracts exhibited high antioxidant capacity (except ethanolic extract), the highest values were obtained for the 60% ethanol : water extract. The identification of phenolic compounds using HPLC showed that catechin and vanillin were the main compounds identified with the highest concentration being obtained for 60% ethanol : water extraction. In the biological activity assays, water and hydroethanolic extracts were multifunctional (antioxidant and antihypertensive capacity, antibacterial and antibiofilm activity), and the 80% ethanol : water presented better results in some assays. All were non-genotoxic, but the cytotoxicity was dependent on the extract concentration, with complete safe application for all up to 1 mg mL-1. Therefore, this study shows the potential of a viable green solvent based and low cost extraction recovery method of bioactive compounds from brewer's spent grain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Bonifácio-Lopes
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal. and CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana A Vilas Boas
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ezequiel R Coscueta
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Eduardo M Costa
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Sara Silva
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Débora Campos
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
| | - José A Teixeira
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Manuela Pintado
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
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13
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Ribeiro TB, Oliveira A, Coelho M, Veiga M, Costa EM, Silva S, Nunes J, Vicente AA, Pintado M. Are olive pomace powders a safe source of bioactives and nutrients? J Sci Food Agric 2021; 101:1963-1978. [PMID: 32914435 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The olive oil industry generates significant amounts of semi-solid wastes, namely olive pomace. Olive pomace is a by-product rich in high-value compounds (e.g. dietary fibre, unsaturated fatty acids, polyphenols) widely explored to obtain new food ingredients. However, conventional extraction methods frequently use organic solvents, while novel eco-friendly techniques have high operational costs. The development of powdered products without any extraction step has been proposed as a more feasible and sustainable approach. RESULTS The present study fractionated and valorized the liquid and pulp fraction of olive pomace obtaining two stable and safe powdered ingredients, namely a liquid-enriched powder (LOPP) and a pulp-enriched powder (POPP). These powders were characterized chemically, and their bioactivity was assessed. LOPP exhibited a significant amount of mannitol (141 g kg-1 ), potassium (54 g kg-1 ) and hydroxytyrosol derivatives (5 mg g-1 ). POPP exhibited a high amount of dietary fibre (620 g kg-1 ) associated with a significant amount of bound phenolics (7.41 mg GAE g-1 fibre DW) with substantial antioxidant activity. POPP also contained an unsaturated fatty acid composition similar to that of olive oil (76% of total fatty acids) and showed potential as a reasonable source of protein (12%). Their functional properties (solubility, water-holding and oil-holding capacity), antioxidant capacity and antimicrobial activity were also assessed, and their biological safety was verified. CONCLUSIONS The development of olive pomace powders for application in the food industry could be a suitable strategy to add value to olive pomace and obtain safe multifunctional ingredients with higher health-promoting effects than dietary fibre and polyphenols. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Bragança Ribeiro
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
- Association BLC3, Technology and Innovation Campus, Centre Bio R&D Unit, Oliveira do Hospital, Portugal
| | - Ana Oliveira
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Coelho
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Veiga
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduardo M Costa
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Silva
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Nunes
- Association BLC3, Technology and Innovation Campus, Centre Bio R&D Unit, Oliveira do Hospital, Portugal
| | - António A Vicente
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Manuela Pintado
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
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Costa EM, Silva S, Veiga M, Baptista P, Tavaria FK, Pintado ME. Textile dyes loaded chitosan nanoparticles: Characterization, biocompatibility and staining capacity. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 251:117120. [PMID: 33142655 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Textile dyeing is a hazardous and toxic process. While traditionally it has been managed through effluent treatment, new approaches focused upon improving the dyeing process are gaining relevance. In this work, we sought to obtain, for the first time, an eco-friendly chitosan-nanoparticle based textile dyeing method. To that end, yellow everzol and navy blue itosperse loaded chitosan nanoparticles were produced and their capacity to dye textiles and cytotoxicity towards human skin cells were evaluated. The results obtained showed that it was possible to obtain nanoencapsulated dyes through ionic gelation with an average entrapment efficacy above 90 %. Nanoparticles presented a positive surface charge and sizes between 190 and 800 nm with yellow everzol NPs occurring via ionic interactions while navy blue itosperse NPs were formed through hydrogen bonds. Furthermore, the produced dye NPs presented no cytotoxicity towards HaCat cells and presented staining percentages reaching 17.60 % for a viscose/wool blend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo M Costa
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Sara Silva
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Veiga
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Patricia Baptista
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Freni K Tavaria
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela E Pintado
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
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15
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Moreira SA, Silva S, Costa EM, Saraiva JA, Pintado M. Effect of high hydrostatic pressure extraction on biological activities of stinging nettle extracts. Food Funct 2020; 11:921-931. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02442e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ethanolic extracts obtained at 200 MPa presented higher phenolic compound concentration and better results concerning all biological activities and also showed potential for DNA protection with no pro-oxidant activity and no cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia A. Moreira
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE
- Departamento de Química
- Campus Universitário de Santiago Universidade de Aveiro
- 3810-193 Aveiro
- Portugal
| | - Sara Silva
- CBQF – Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina – Laboratório Associado
- Escola Superior de Biotecnologia
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa
- 4169-005 Porto
- Portugal
| | - Eduardo M. Costa
- CBQF – Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina – Laboratório Associado
- Escola Superior de Biotecnologia
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa
- 4169-005 Porto
- Portugal
| | - Jorge A. Saraiva
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE
- Departamento de Química
- Campus Universitário de Santiago Universidade de Aveiro
- 3810-193 Aveiro
- Portugal
| | - Manuela Pintado
- CBQF – Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina – Laboratório Associado
- Escola Superior de Biotecnologia
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa
- 4169-005 Porto
- Portugal
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Ramos PAB, Moreirinha C, Silva S, Costa EM, Veiga M, Coscueta E, Santos SAO, Almeida A, Pintado MM, Freire CSR, Silva AMS, Silvestre AJD. The Health-Promoting Potential of Salix spp. Bark Polar Extracts: Key Insights on Phenolic Composition and In Vitro Bioactivity and Biocompatibility. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8120609. [PMID: 31801290 PMCID: PMC6943414 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8120609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Salix spp. have been exploited for energy generation, along with folk medicine use of bark extracts for antipyretic and analgesic benefits. Bark phenolic components, rather than salicin, have demonstrated interesting bioactivities, which may ensure the sustainable bioprospection of Salix bark. Therefore, this study highlights the detailed phenolic characterization, as well as the in vitro antioxidant, anti-hypertensive, Staphylococcus aureus growth inhibitory effects, and biocompatibility of Salix atrocinerea Brot., Salix fragilis L., and Salix viminalis L. bark polar extracts. Fifteen phenolic compounds were characterized by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection-mass spectrometry analysis, from which two flavan-3-ols, an acetophenone, five flavanones, and a flavonol were detected, for the first time, as their bark components. Salix bark extracts demonstrated strong free radical scavenging activity (5.58–23.62 µg mL−1 IC50 range), effective inhibition on angiotensin-I converting enzyme (58–84%), and S. aureus bactericidal action at 1250–2500 µg mL−1 (6–8 log CFU mL−1 reduction range). All tested Salix bark extracts did not show cytotoxic potential against Caco-2 cells, as well as S. atrocinerea Brot. and S. fragilis L. extracts at 625 and 1250 µg mL−1 against HaCaT and L929 cells. These valuable findings can pave innovative and safer food, nutraceutical, and/or cosmetic applications of Salix bark phenolic-containing fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia A. B. Ramos
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (P.A.B.R.); (C.M.); (S.A.O.S.); (C.S.R.F.); (A.M.S.S.)
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Catarina Moreirinha
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (P.A.B.R.); (C.M.); (S.A.O.S.); (C.S.R.F.); (A.M.S.S.)
| | - Sara Silva
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua de Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (S.S.); (E.M.C.); (M.V.); (E.C.); (M.M.P.)
| | - Eduardo M. Costa
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua de Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (S.S.); (E.M.C.); (M.V.); (E.C.); (M.M.P.)
| | - Mariana Veiga
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua de Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (S.S.); (E.M.C.); (M.V.); (E.C.); (M.M.P.)
| | - Ezequiel Coscueta
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua de Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (S.S.); (E.M.C.); (M.V.); (E.C.); (M.M.P.)
| | - Sónia A. O. Santos
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (P.A.B.R.); (C.M.); (S.A.O.S.); (C.S.R.F.); (A.M.S.S.)
| | - Adelaide Almeida
- Biology Department and CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - M. Manuela Pintado
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua de Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (S.S.); (E.M.C.); (M.V.); (E.C.); (M.M.P.)
| | - Carmen S. R. Freire
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (P.A.B.R.); (C.M.); (S.A.O.S.); (C.S.R.F.); (A.M.S.S.)
| | - Artur M. S. Silva
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (P.A.B.R.); (C.M.); (S.A.O.S.); (C.S.R.F.); (A.M.S.S.)
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Armando J. D. Silvestre
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (P.A.B.R.); (C.M.); (S.A.O.S.); (C.S.R.F.); (A.M.S.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-234-370-711
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Faustino M, Veiga M, Sousa P, Costa EM, Silva S, Pintado M. Agro-Food Byproducts as a New Source of Natural Food Additives. Molecules 2019; 24:E1056. [PMID: 30889812 PMCID: PMC6471601 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24061056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, the agro-food industry generates high amounts of byproducts that may possess added value compounds with high functionality and/or bioactivity. Additionally, consumers' demand for healthier foodstuffs has increased over the last years, and thus the food industry has strived to answer this challenge. Byproducts are generally secondary products derived from primary agro-food production processes and represent an interesting and cheaper source of potentially functional ingredients, such as peptides, carotenoids, and phenolic compounds, thus promoting a circular economy concept. The existing body of work has shown that byproducts and their extracts may be successfully incorporated into foodstuffs, for instance, phenolic compounds from eggplant can be potentially used as a mulfitunctional food additive with antimicrobial, antioxidant, and food colorant properties. As such, the aim of this review is to provide insights into byproducts and their potential as new sources of foodstuffs additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Faustino
- CBQF⁻Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina⁻Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital 172, 4200-374 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Mariana Veiga
- CBQF⁻Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina⁻Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital 172, 4200-374 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Pedro Sousa
- CBQF⁻Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina⁻Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital 172, 4200-374 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Eduardo M Costa
- CBQF⁻Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina⁻Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital 172, 4200-374 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Sara Silva
- CBQF⁻Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina⁻Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital 172, 4200-374 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Manuela Pintado
- CBQF⁻Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina⁻Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital 172, 4200-374 Porto, Portugal.
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18
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Abstract
With the increase in evidences directly linking diet and health, several foodstuffs, such as phenolic rich fruits and vegetables, have emerged as possessing potential health benefits. Plants, given their fiber and phenolic content (and their intrinsic biological potential), have long been considered as contributing to health promotion. Therefore, the present work aimed to review the existing evidences regarding the various potential benefits of plant extracts' and plant extract-based products' consumption, with emphasis on in vivo works and epidemiological studies whenever available. Overall, the information available supports that, while there are indications of the potential benefits of plant extracts' consumption, further human-based studies are still needed to establish a true cause-effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Veiga
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduardo M Costa
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Silva
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela Pintado
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Porto, Portugal
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19
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Abstract
With the strengthening of the link between diet and health, several foodstuffs have emerged as possessing potential health benefits such as phenolic rich fruits and vegetables. Blueberries, along with other berries, given their flavonoid and antioxidant content have long since been considered as a particularly interesting health promoting fruit. Therefore, the present work aimed to compile the existing evidences regarding the various potential benefits of blueberry and blueberry based products consumption, giving particular relevance to in vivo works and epidemiological studies whenever available. Overall, the results demonstrate that, while the evidences that support a beneficial role of blueberry and blueberry extracts consumption, further human based studies are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Silva
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduardo M Costa
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Veiga
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui M Morais
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Conceição Calhau
- Nutrição e Metabolismo, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,CINTESIS, Centro de Investigação em Tecnologias e Serviços de Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela Pintado
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Porto, Portugal
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20
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Costa EM, Silva S, Veiga M, Tavaria FK, Pintado MM. Exploring chitosan nanoparticles as effective inhibitors of antibiotic resistant skin microorganisms - From in vitro to ex vitro testing. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 201:340-346. [PMID: 30241827 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.08.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, nosocomial skin infections are increasingly harder to manage and control. In the search for new, natural compounds capable of being alternatives to traditional antibiotics, chitosan and its nanoparticles, have garnered attention. This work sought to understand the potential of chitosan NPs in the management of infections caused by MDR skin pathogens in planktonic and sessile assays. Additionally, NPs' capacity to inhibit biofilm quorum sensing and prevent HaCat infections was also evaluated. The results obtained showed that chitosan NPs had an average size and charge of 226.6 ± 5.24 nm and +27.1 ± 3.09 mV. Inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations varied between 1 and 2 mg/mL and 2-7 mg/mL, respectively. Chitosan NPs effectively inhibited biofilm growth for all microorganisms and possessed strong anti-quorum sensing activity. Lastly, chitosan NPs proved to be effective interfere with A. baumannii's infection of HaCat cells, as they significantly reduced intracellular and extracellular bacterial counts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo M Costa
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, 172, 4200-374 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Silva
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, 172, 4200-374 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Veiga
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, 172, 4200-374 Porto, Portugal
| | - Freni K Tavaria
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, 172, 4200-374 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria M Pintado
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, 172, 4200-374 Porto, Portugal.
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21
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Costa EM, Silva S, Veiga M, Tavaria FK, Pintado MM. Chitosan’s biological activity upon skin-related microorganisms and its potential textile applications. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 34:93. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-018-2471-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Chaves KC, Costa EM, Teixeira LF, Bellini MH. Impact of endostatin gene therapy on myeloid-derived suppressor cells from a metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Exp Oncol 2018; 40:24-32. [PMID: 29600976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the role of endostatin (ES) gene therapy on myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) in a metastatic model of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Balb/C mice bearing orthotopic Renca tumors were treated with NIH/3T3-LendSN or, as a control, with NIH/3T3-LXSN cells. At the end of in vivo experiment, plasma and tissue lung samples were collected. Plasma ES and granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) levels were measured by ELISA and Milliplex, respectively. Quantification of CD11b+Gr-1+ cells and their subsets was performed by flow cytometry. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was measured in CD11b+Gr-1+ MDSC using the DCFDA marker by flow cytometry. RESULTS Metastatic RCC (mRCC) induced expansions of CD11b+Gr-1+ MDSC and promoted accumulation of these cells and their subtypes in lymphoid organ and metastases. ES treatment promoted low G-CSF plasmatic levels which were produced by the tumor microenvironment, reflecting the reduced metastatic accumulation of CD11b+Gr-1+ MDSC in the lungs. However, the therapy was selective for granulocytic cells, thus reducing the production of ROS. CONCLUSION These findings confirm the expansion of MDSC during metastatic progression of RCC and indicate the important role of ES in reducing MDSC and possible use of ES therapy in combined anticancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Chaves
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04039-000, Brazil
| | - E M Costa
- Biotechnology Department, Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - L F Teixeira
- Biotechnology Department, Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - M H Bellini
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04039-000, Brazil
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Costa EM, Silva S, Vicente S, Neto C, Castro PM, Veiga M, Madureira R, Tavaria F, Pintado MM. Chitosan nanoparticles as alternative anti-staphylococci agents: Bactericidal, antibiofilm and antiadhesive effects. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2017. [PMID: 28629011 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan is a biocompatible, bioactive, non-toxic polymer that due to these characteristics has been widely used as a carrier for targeted delivery of bioactive molecules. In recent years, and considering that chitosan has a strong antimicrobial potential, the scientific community's focus has shifted onto the possible antimicrobial activity of chitosan nanoparticles. With this in mind, the aim of this work was to produce low molecular weight chitosan nanoparticles, through the ionic gelation method and characterize their potential biological activity against three staphylococci (MSSA, MRSA and MRSE) in planktonic and sessile environments. The chitosan nanoparticles produced had an average size of 244±12nm, an average charge of 17.3±1.4mV and had a MIC of 1.25mg/mL for all tested microorganisms. Bactericidal activity was only registered for MSSA and MRSA with the time-inhibition curves showing bactericidal activity within 1h. Assays regarding chitosan nanoparticles' impact upon sessile populations showed that they were effective in preventing MRSE adhesion and highly effective in reducing MRSA and MSSA biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Costa
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal
| | - S Silva
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal
| | - S Vicente
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal
| | - C Neto
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal
| | - P M Castro
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal
| | - M Veiga
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal
| | - R Madureira
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal
| | - F Tavaria
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal
| | - M M Pintado
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal.
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Costa EM, Silva S, Tavaria FK, Pintado MM. Insights into chitosan antibiofilm activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Appl Microbiol 2017; 122:1547-1557. [PMID: 28370752 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Chitosan is a natural compound that has been validated as a viable antimicrobial agent against Staphylococcus aureus. With this work we sought to evaluate the planktonic and sessile sensitivity of methicillin-resistant S. aureus to chitosan's activity and evaluate if methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) would be more or less sensitive to chitosan's activity than methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA). METHODS AND RESULTS A group comprised of reference strains and clinical multiresistant isolates of MSSA and MRSA were used. Methicilin resistance effect upon chitosan activity was assessed in planktonic setting and in different phases of sessile colonization, namely adhesion, biofilm formation and mature biofilm through biomass and metabolism inhibition. The results obtained showed that S. aureus methicillin resistance mechanism did not impair chitosan's activity as the highest bacterial susceptibility was registered for MRSA. Chitosan was highly effective in inhibiting MSSA and MRSA strains in both planktonic and sessile settings with biofilm inhibition percentages reaching as high as 90% for MRSA. CONCLUSIONS Staphylococcus aureus methicillin resistance did not impair chitosan's antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities and MRSA and MSSA were inhibited both in planktonic and sessile settings at low concentrations with great efficacy. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Considering the obtained results chitosan shows potential as an alternative for the control of biofilm-related recalcitrant MRSA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Costa
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - S Silva
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - F K Tavaria
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - M M Pintado
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Silva S, Costa EM, Vicente S, Veiga M, Calhau C, Morais RM, Pintado ME. DNA agarose gel electrophoresis for antioxidant analysis: Development of a quantitative approach for phenolic extracts. Food Chem 2017; 233:45-51. [PMID: 28530597 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.04.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Most of the fast in vitro assays proposed to determine the antioxidant capacity of a compound/extract lack either biological context or employ complex protocols. Therefore, the present work proposes the improvement of an agarose gel DNA electrophoresis in order to allow for a quantitative estimation of the antioxidant capacity of pure phenolic compounds as well as of a phenolic rich extract, while also considering their possible pro-oxidant effects. The result obtained demonstrated that the proposed method allowed for the evaluation of the protection of DNA oxidation [in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and an H2O2/iron (III) chloride (FeCl3) systems] as well as for the observation of pro-oxidant activities, with the measurements registering interclass correlation coefficients above 0.9. Moreover, this method allowed for the characterization of the antioxidant capacity of a blueberry extract while demonstrating that it had no perceived pro-oxidant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Silva
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Eduardo M Costa
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Sandra Vicente
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Mariana Veiga
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Conceição Calhau
- Nutrição e Metabolismo, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, l 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; CINTESIS - Centro de Investigação em Tecnologias e Serviços de Saúde, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rui M Morais
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Manuela E Pintado
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal.
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Silva S, Costa EM, Horta B, Calhau C, Morais RM, Pintado MM. Anti-biofilm potential of phenolic acids: the influence of environmental pH and intrinsic physico-chemical properties. Biofouling 2016; 32:853-860. [PMID: 27434592 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2016.1208183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic acids are a particular group of small phenolic compounds which have exhibited some anti-biofilm activity, although the link between their activity and their intrinsic pH is not clear. Therefore, the present work examined the anti-biofilm activity (inhibition of biomass and metabolic activity) of phenolic acids in relation to the environmental pH, as well as other physico-chemical properties. The results indicate that, while Escherichia coli was not inhibited by the phenolic acids, both methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis were susceptible to the action of all phenolic acids, with the pH playing a relevant role in the activity: a neutral pH favored MRSE inhibition, while acidic conditions favored MRSA inhibition. Some links between molecular polarity and size were associated only with their potential as metabolic inhibitors, with the overall interactions hinting at a membrane-based mechanism for MRSA and a cytoplasmic effect for MRSE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Silva
- a CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa , Porto , Portugal
| | - Eduardo M Costa
- a CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa , Porto , Portugal
| | - Bruno Horta
- a CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa , Porto , Portugal
| | - Conceição Calhau
- b Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
- c CINTESIS - Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems , Porto , Portugal
| | - Rui M Morais
- a CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa , Porto , Portugal
| | - M Manuela Pintado
- a CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa , Porto , Portugal
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Silva S, Costa EM, Coelho MC, Morais RM, Pintado ME. Variation of anthocyanins and other major phenolic compounds throughout the ripening of four Portuguese blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L) cultivars. Nat Prod Res 2016; 31:93-98. [PMID: 27686738 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2016.1209668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Blueberries are widely recognised as one of the richest sources of bioactive compounds, among which are anthocyanins, though the ripeness of berries has been reported as affecting the phytochemical composition of fruits. Therefore, the present work aimed to evaluate the variation of anthocyanins, and other major phenolics, throughout five ripening stages in four blueberry cultivars. The results showed that the antioxidant capacity and anthocyanin content increased during ripening, reaching the highest values when the blueberries are collected from bunches comprised of 75% ripe blueberries. Antagonistically, the amount of phenolic acid decreases, while the quercetin-3-glucoside levels remain stable. Furthermore, Goldtraube blueberries appear to possess, systematically, higher amounts of phenolic compounds than the other cultivars studied. Thus, when seeking the highest yield of anthocyanins, the preferred harvest should occur in bunches that contain ca 75% of ripe blueberries and, considering the cultivars assayed, the Goldtraube cultivar appears to be the richest in phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Silva
- a Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina (CBQF) , Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Eduardo M Costa
- a Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina (CBQF) , Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Marta C Coelho
- a Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina (CBQF) , Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Rui M Morais
- a Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina (CBQF) , Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Manuela E Pintado
- a Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina (CBQF) , Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto , Porto , Portugal
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Silva S, Costa EM, Mendes M, Morais RM, Calhau C, Pintado MM. Antimicrobial, antiadhesive and antibiofilm activity of an ethanolic, anthocyanin-rich blueberry extract purified by solid phase extraction. J Appl Microbiol 2016; 121:693-703. [PMID: 27349348 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The present work aimed to characterize the impact of an anthocyanin-rich blueberry extract upon the growth, adhesion and biofilm formation of several pathogens including some multiresistant bacteria. METHODS AND RESULTS A group comprised of reference strains and clinical multiresistant isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Acinetobacter baumannii and Staphylococcus aureus, were used to screen for antimicrobial activity. Microbial growth was determined through the measurement of the optical density while adhesion and biofilm formation was determined using the standard crystal violet staining procedure. The results showed that, while blueberry extract was only effective in hindering the growth of Staph. aureus and E. coli, it was capable of significantly inhibiting biofilm formation and bacterial adhesion for all micro-organisms tested. CONCLUSIONS The extract demonstrated a considerable potential as a natural, alternative antimicrobial capable of either interfering with microbial growth or hamper the adhesion to surfaces, with Staph. aureus proving to be the most susceptible micro-organism. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The overall study demonstrates the potential of anthocyanin extracts as natural effective alternative antimicrobial agents. Additionally, the extract's capacity to reduce adhesion without reducing bacterial growth reduces the likeliness of resistance development while reducing the probability of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Silva
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - E M Costa
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - M Mendes
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - R M Morais
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - C Calhau
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,CINTESIS-Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Porto, Portugal
| | - M M Pintado
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Clementino MA, Pinto-Sarmento TCA, Costa EM, Martins CC, Granville-Garcia AF, Paiva SM. Association between oral conditions and functional limitations in childhood. J Oral Rehabil 2015; 42:420-9. [PMID: 25597878 DOI: 10.1111/joor.12273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of oral conditions on functional limitations among preschoolers. A preschool-based, cross-sectional study was carried out with 843 preschoolers in Campina Grande, Brazil. Parents/caregivers answered a questionnaire addressing socio-demographic characteristics and perceptions regarding the general/oral health of their children as well as the Brazilian version of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale. The nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Mann-Whitney test (α = 5%) was used to compare mean children's quality-of-life scores for each independent variable. Poisson regression analysis was used to test associations between the independent and dependent variables (difficulties eating, drinking and speaking) (α = 5%). The multivariate regression model involved a hierarchical approach with four levels (distal to proximal determinants): (i) socio-demographic aspects; (ii) health perceptions; (iii) oral conditions; and (iv) pain conditions. The prevalence of negative impact on function was 24.7% for eating/drinking and 8.0% for speaking. Significant associations were found between toothache and negative impact on eating/drinking (PR = 5.38; 95%CI: 3.20-9.02) as well as between high severity dental caries and negative impact on speaking (PR = 14.91; 95%CI: 1.98-112.32). Dental caries, traumatic dental injury and malocclusion were not significantly associated with a negative impact on eating or drinking. However, toothache was an indicator of negative impact on eating/drinking and dental caries severity was an indicator of negative impact on speaking.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Clementino
- Department of Dentistry, State University of Paraíba, Campina Grande, Brazil
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Tavaria FK, Costa EM, Gens EJ, Malcata FX, Pintado ME. Influence of abiotic factors on the antimicrobial activity of chitosan. J Dermatol 2013; 40:1014-9. [DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.12315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Freni K. Tavaria
- Center for Biotechnology and Fine Chemistry (CBQF-LAE); Portuguese Catholic University; Porto Portugal
| | - Eduardo M. Costa
- Center for Biotechnology and Fine Chemistry (CBQF-LAE); Portuguese Catholic University; Porto Portugal
| | - Eduardo J. Gens
- Center for Biotechnology and Fine Chemistry (CBQF-LAE); Portuguese Catholic University; Porto Portugal
| | - Francisco Xavier Malcata
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - Manuela E. Pintado
- Center for Biotechnology and Fine Chemistry (CBQF-LAE); Portuguese Catholic University; Porto Portugal
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Ferreira D, Moreira D, Costa EM, Silva S, Pintado MM, Couto JA. The Antimicrobial Action of Chitosan Against the Wine Spoilage Yeast Brettanomyces/Dekkera. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1166/jcc.2013.1037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Costa EM, Silva S, Madureira AR, Cardelle-Cobas A, Tavaria FK, Pintado MM. A comprehensive study into the impact of a chitosan mouthwash upon oral microorganism's biofilm formation in vitro. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 101:1081-6. [PMID: 24299877 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 08/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Modern dentistry emphasizes the importance of dental plaque control to improve oral health. To that end the development of oral care formulations has been geared toward the incorporation of antiplaque agents that may play a crucial role in oral health maintenance. In later years the research into antiplaque agents has led to the discovery of compounds with significant capability to affect biofilm formation. Among these compounds was chitosan, a polysaccharide which showed great ability to interfere with Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation. As such the aim of this work was to incorporate chitosan into a mouthwash matrix and assess its effect upon biofilm formation of oral microorganisms. This assessment was performed via study of the impact the mouthwash upon microbial adherence, biofilm formation and mature biofilms. Additionally, the action of the chitosan mouthwash was compared with two commercially available mouthwashes. The results here obtained show that only the chitosan containing mouthwash was capable of interfering with all microorganisms' adherence, biofilm formation and mature biofilms while at the same time showing vastly superior activity than both commercial mouthwashes assayed. As such a chitosan mouthwash shows great potential as a natural and efficient alternative to traditional mouthwashes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Costa
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
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Castro TX, Cubel Garcia RCN, Costa EM, Leal RM, Xavier MDPT, Leite JPG. Molecular characterisation of calicivirus and astrovirus in puppies with enteritis. Vet Rec 2013; 172:557. [PMID: 23605075 DOI: 10.1136/vr.101566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T X Castro
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Prof. Ernani Pires de Melo, 101, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro CEP 24210-130, Brazil.
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Costa EM, Silva S, Tavaria FK, Pintado MM. Study of the effects of chitosan upon Streptococcus mutans adherence and biofilm formation. Anaerobe 2013; 20:27-31. [PMID: 23454497 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The main aim of this work was to access the potential use of high and low molecular weight chitosans as potential oral antimicrobials, particularly as antibiofilm agents. Chitosan's interference with Streptococcus mutans capability to adhere and form biofilms was assessed. Additionally the effect upon mature and polymicrobial biofilms was also evaluated. The results obtained showed that chitosan was capable of interfering with S. mutans adhesion and primary biofilm formation. This action was observed up to a week with little to none decrease in efficiency. In addition chitosan was capable of inhibiting biofilms formed by two microorganisms and was capable of acting upon mature biofilms leading to significant reductions (94%) in biofilm survival. However clear statistical differences (p < 0.05) were registered in all assays with, in most assays, HMw chitosan presenting higher efficiency than LMw chitosan. Considering this results chitosan's potential as a valid alternative to traditional antimicrobials in oral health it's evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Costa
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
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Campos DA, Ribeiro AC, Costa EM, Fernandes JC, Tavaria FK, Araruna FB, Eiras C, Eaton P, Leite JRS, Manuela Pintado M. Study of antimicrobial activity and atomic force microscopy imaging of the action mechanism of cashew tree gum. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 90:270-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Revised: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Castro TX, Costa EM, Leite JPG, Labarthe NV, Cubel Garcia RCN. Partial VP2 sequencing of canine parvovirus (CPV) strains circulating in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: detection of the new variant CPV-2c. Braz J Microbiol 2010; 41:1093-8. [PMID: 24031592 PMCID: PMC3769750 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838220100004000031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2009] [Revised: 01/20/2010] [Accepted: 04/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine parvovirus (CPV) is the most important enteric virus for dogs and it seems to be undergoing continuous evolution, generating new genetic and antigenic variants throughout the world. The aim of this study was to analyze the distribution of CPV variants from 1995 to 2009 and to investigate the circulation of the new variant CPV-2c in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. In addition, the clinical features of CPV infection were also reported. After CPV laboratorial confirmation by HA/HI and PCR, thirty-two fecal samples were analyzed by sequencing a 583-bp fragment of the VP2 gene. One sample, collected in 2008 was typed as the new type CPV-2c. All samples from 1995 to 2003 were identified as "new CPV-2a". From 2004 to 2006, both "new CPV-2a" and CPV-2b were observed. From 2006 to 2009, most of the samples were characterized as CPV-2b. The classical signs of CPV enteritis were observed in 16/18 CPV-2a and 5/13 CPV-2b infected puppies. These results show that continuous epidemiological surveillance of CPV strain distribution is essential for studying the patterns of CPV-2a and 2b spread and for determining whether the new variant CPV-2c has become permanently established in Brazilian canine population.
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Affiliation(s)
- T X Castro
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense , Niterói, RJ , Brasil
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Teles MG, Trarbach EB, Noel SD, Guerra-Junior G, Jorge A, Beneduzzi D, Bianco SD, Mukherjee A, Baptista MT, Costa EM, De Castro M, Mendonça BB, Kaiser UB, Latronico AC. A novel homozygous splice acceptor site mutation of KISS1R in two siblings with normosmic isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Eur J Endocrinol 2010; 163:29-34. [PMID: 20371656 DOI: 10.1530/eje-10-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Loss-of-function mutations of the kisspeptin-1 receptor gene, KISS1R, have been identified in patients with normosmic isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (nIHH). OBJECTIVE To investigate KISS1R defects in patients with absent or delayed puberty. PATIENTS We investigated KISS1R gene defects in a cohort of 99 Brazilian patients with nIHH or constitutional delay of puberty (CDP). METHODS The entire coding region of KISS1R was amplified by PCR followed by automatic sequencing. In addition, screening for KISS1R exonic deletions was performed by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. RESULTS One novel homozygous KISS1R mutation was identified in two siblings with nIHH. This variant was an insertion/deletion (indel) mutation characterized by the deletion of three nucleotides (GCA) at position -2 to -4, and by the insertion of seven nucleotides (ACCGGCT) at the same position, within the 3' splice acceptor site of intron 2 of KISS1R. The brothers who carried this KISS1R mutation had no clinical evidence of pubertal development at the ages of 14 and 20 years. Computational analysis of this indel mutation predicted the generation of an abnormal protein. In addition, a new heterozygous KISS1R variant (p.E252Q) was identified in a male patient with sporadic nIHH. However, in vitro studies of this variant did not demonstrate functional impairment. Only known polymorphisms were identified in patients with CDP. CONCLUSION Loss-of-function mutations of KISS1R represents a rare cause of nIHH, and was absent in patients with CDP. We have described a novel KISS1R homozygous splice acceptor site mutation in the familial form of nIHH.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Teles
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42 da Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, 05403-900 São Paulo, Brazil
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Dias IR, Viegas CA, de Azevedo JT, Costa EM, Lourenço P, Rodrigues A, Cabrita AS. Assessment of markers of bone formation under controlled environmental factors and their correlation with serum minerals in adult sheep as a model for orthopaedic research. Lab Anim 2008; 42:465-72. [PMID: 18782825 DOI: 10.1258/la.2007.06037e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Eighteen healthy skeletally mature (3 years old) ewes, with an average weight of 45 kg, of the Portuguese Churra da Terra Quente breed were used to evaluate the normal values of total and bone-specific isoform of alkaline phosphatase serum activities (ALP and BALP, respectively) and serum osteocalcin (OC) and their correlation with the serum minerals - calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg) and ionized calcium (Ca(2+)). The sheep were maintained under controlled environmental conditions (constant diurnal photoperiod cycle and identical husbandry and feeding) for six weeks before the collection of the blood samples. The measurement of the total ALP and serum minerals was performed with automated biochemistry analysers using the BioMérieux kits, the serum electrolyte Ca(2+) Diametrics Medical, Inc specific cassettes and the BALP and OC METRATM kits from QUIDEL Corporation. The mean +/- standard deviation values obtained were: total ALP 90.17 +/- 85.72 U/L, BALP 15.0 +/- 5.44 U/L, ratio BALP/ total ALP 29.28 +/- 24.22, OC 13.02 +/- 1.87 ng/mL, Ca 2.57 +/- 0.37 mmol/L, P 2.13 +/- 0.42 mmol/L, Mg 1.04 +/- 0.13 mmol/L, Ca(2+) 1.29 +/- 0.04 mmol/L. Significant correlations were observed between the total ALP and Ca (r = 0.5939; P = 0.05) and OC and Ca (r = 0.5706; P = 0.05). Reference to the serum values of bone turnover parameters in sheep could be of great value in research and could provide complementary non-invasive information on the bone healing process, particularly with regard to obtaining an early prognosis of fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- I R Dias
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.
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Costa EM, Bedecarrats GY, Mendonca BB, Arnhold IJ, Kaiser UB, Latronico AC. Two novel mutations in the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor gene in Brazilian patients with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and normal olfaction. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001; 86:2680-6. [PMID: 11397871 DOI: 10.1210/jcem.86.6.7551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Several point mutations in the GnRH receptor gene have been described in an autosomal recessive form of congenital isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH). We investigated 17 Brazilian patients (10 males and 7 females) from 14 different families, with HH and normal olfaction. The diagnosis of HH was based on absent or incomplete sexual development after 17 yr of age associated with low or normal levels of LH in both sexes and low levels of testosterone in males and of estradiol in females. All patients presented with a normal sense of smell in an olfactory specific test. The coding region of the GnRH receptor gene was amplified by PCR and directly sequenced. A novel missense mutation, Arg(139)His, located in the conserved DRS motif at the junction of the third transmembrane and the second intracellular loop of the GnRH receptor was identified in the homozygous state in one female with complete HH. The Arg(139)His mutation completely eliminated detectable GnRH-binding activity and prevented GnRH-induced stimulation of inositol phosphate accumulation in vitro. In another family, a new compound heterozygous mutation (Asn(10)Lys and Gln(106)Arg) was identified in four siblings (two males and two females) with partial HH. The Gln(106)Arg mutation, located in the first extracellular loop, has been previously described, and in vitro analysis indicated that the mutant receptor was able to bind GnRH, but with a reduced affinity. The Asn(10)Lys mutation in the extracellular amino-terminal domain of the receptor also reduced the affinity for GnRH in vitro. In this family we also identified a previously described silent polymorphism at amino acid residue 151 in the second intracellular loop that segregated with the two inactivating mutations of the GnRH receptor. This polymorphism was also found in two unrelated patients with sporadic HH without GnRH receptor loss of function mutations. No mutations were identified in the remaining cases. A good correlation between genotype and phenotype was found in our patients. The woman, who is homozygous for the completely inactivating Arg(139)His mutation, has complete HH with undetectable serum basal LH and FSH levels that failed to respond to GnRH stimulation. In addition, the affected patients who are compound heterozygotes for the Asn(10)Lys/Gln(106)Arg mutations, have partial HH with low serum basal LH levels that were responsive to GnRH stimulation. No clinical or hormonal differences were found between HH patients with and without mutations in the GnRH receptor gene, indicating that these data do not contribute to the identification of HH patients with GnRH receptor mutations. In conclusion, we report the first naturally occurring mutation within the conserved DRS motif of the GnRH receptor in a female with complete HH and a novel compound heterozygous mutation (Asn(10)Lys and Gln(106)Arg) in a family with partial HH, increasing the repertoire of the inactivating mutations of the GnRH receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Costa
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento e Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM/42, da Disciplina de Endocrinologia do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01060-970, Brazil
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Oliveira LM, Seminara SB, Beranova M, Hayes FJ, Valkenburgh SB, Schipani E, Costa EM, Latronico AC, Crowley WF, Vallejo M. The importance of autosomal genes in Kallmann syndrome: genotype-phenotype correlations and neuroendocrine characteristics. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001; 86:1532-8. [PMID: 11297579 DOI: 10.1210/jcem.86.4.7420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Kallmann syndrome (KS) consists of congenital, isolated, idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) and anosmia. The gene responsible for the X-linked form of KS, KAL, encodes a protein, anosmin, that plays a key role in the migration of GnRH neurons and olfactory nerves to the hypothalamus. In addition to X-linked pedigrees, autosomal dominant and recessive kindreds with KS have been reported. The relative importance of these autosomal vs. X-linked genes in producing KS, and the frequency of KAL mutations, are currently unknown because these are rare disorders and large series are unusual. We examined 101 individuals with IHH (+/- anosmia) and their families to determine their modes of inheritance, incidence of mutations in the coding sequence of KAL, genotype-phenotype correlations, and [in a subset (n = 38)] their neuroendocrine phenotype. Of the 101 patients, 59 had true KS (IHH + anosmia/hyposmia); whereas, in the remaining 42, no anosmia was evident in the patients or their families. Of the 59 KS patients, 21 were familial, whereas 38 were sporadic cases. Mutations in the coding sequence of KAL were identified in only 3 of 21 familial cases (14%) and 4 of 38 (11%) of the sporadic cases. Of the X-linked cases confirmed by mutational analysis, only 1 of 3 pedigrees appeared X-linked by inspection whereas the other 2 contained only affected brothers. Female members of known KAL mutation families (n = 3) exhibited no reproductive phenotype and were not anosmic, whereas families with anosmic women (n = 3) were not found to carry mutations in KAL. Mutations were uniformly absent in nonanosmic IHH probands (n = 42), as well as in families with both anosmic and nonanosmic members (n = 2). Overall, 4 novel mutations were identified (C172R, R191x, R457x, and delC@L600). With respect to neuroendocrine phenotype, KS men with documented KAL mutations (n = 8) had completely apulsatile LH secretion, whereas those with autosomal modes of inheritance demonstrated a more variable spectrum with evidence of enfeebled (but present) GnRH-induced LH pulses. Our conclusions are: 1) Confirmed mutations in the coding sequence of the KAL gene occur in the minority of KS cases, i.e. only 14% of familial and 11% of sporadic cases; 2) The majority of familial (and presumably sporadic) cases of KS are caused by defects in at least two autosomal genes that are currently unknown; 3) Obligate female carriers in families with KAL mutations have no discernible phenotype; 4) KAL mutations are uniformly absent in patients with either normosmic IHH or in families with both anosmic and nonanosmic individuals; and 5) Patients with KAL mutations have apulsatile LH secretion consistent with a complete absence of GnRH migration of GnRH cells into the hypothalamus, whereas evidence of present (but enfeebled) GnRH-induced LH pulses may be present in autosomal KS cases. Taken together, these findings suggest that autosomal genes account for the majority of familial cases of KS, and that unique neuroendocrine phenotypes consistent with some GnRH neuronal migration may exist in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Oliveira
- Reproductive Endocrine Sciences Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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Mendonca BB, Inacio M, Arnhold IJ, Costa EM, Bloise W, Martin RM, Denes FT, Silva FA, Andersson S, Lindqvist A, Wilson JD. Male pseudohermaphroditism due to 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 3 deficiency. Diagnosis, psychological evaluation, and management. Medicine (Baltimore) 2000; 79:299-309. [PMID: 11039078 DOI: 10.1097/00005792-200009000-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ten male pseudohermaphrodites with 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 3 (17 beta-HSD3) deficiency were evaluated in 1 clinic with an average follow-up of 10.1 years. The diagnoses were made by demonstrating low to normal serum testosterone levels, high androstenedione levels, and high ratios of serum androstenedione to testosterone in the basal state or after treatment with human chorionic gonadotropin. The molecular features of the underlying mutations were identified in all 7 families. Two additional males in the same families are believed to be affected on the basis of history obtained from family members. All of the 46,XY individuals in these families were registered at birth and raised as females (despite the presence of ambiguous genitalia in all or most), and all virilized after the time of expected puberty due to a rise in serum testosterone to or toward the normal male range. The age at diagnosis varied from 4 to 37 years. Ten individuals were studied by the same psychologist, and change of gender role (social sex) from female to male occurred in 3 subjects and in the 2 presumed affected subjects not studied. The individual with the highest serum testosterone level maintained female sexual identity, and in 2 families some of the affected males changed gender role and others did not. Thus, while androgen action plays a role in the process, additional undefined psychological, social, and/or biologic factors must be determinants of gender identity/role behavior. Management of the 7 individuals who chose to maintain female sex roles included castration, clitoroplasty, vaginal enlargement procedures when appropriate, treatment of hirsutism, cricoid cartilage reduction, and estrogen replacement. Three of the 7 are married (2 twice), 1 is involved in a long-term heterosexual relationship, 1 is engaged to be married, and the other 2 are not married and not believed to be sexually active. The 3 subjects who changed gender role behavior to male underwent hypospadias repair, and 1 was given supplemental testosterone therapy. One of these men is divorced, and the other 2 (aged 29 and 35 years) are unmarried. The diagnosis in 8 of these subjects was made after the time of expected puberty; it is unclear whether the functional and social outcomes would have been different if the diagnosis had been made and therapy begun earlier in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- B B Mendonca
- Division of Endocrinology, Hospital das Clinicas of the University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Brazil
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Abstract
To face an hospitalization is not easy task and when the patient is a blind person it becomes still more complex, because the lack of the vision delays the person's adaptation. The nursing team works with the patient and needs fo after support on the moment of crisis. The nurse, as boss of the nursing team, needs to be qualified for intervening. This work is a case study where the authors intended to reflect about the nursing attendance offered during a blind person hospitalization. The qualitative analysis of the data based on the thematic categories model and showed that the experience of blind person hospitalization involved communication, nursing attendance, ethics, the human rights and blindness.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Costa
- Acadêmica do Curso de Graduação em Enfermagem/UFC, Bolsista CNPq
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Melo KF, Latronico AC, Costa EM, Billerbeck AE, Mendonca BB, Arnhold IJ. A novel point mutation (R840S) in the androgen receptor in a Brazilian family with partial androgen insensitivity syndrome. Hum Mutat 1999; 14:353. [PMID: 10502786 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-1004(199910)14:4<353::aid-humu16>3.0.co;2-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Mutations of the androgen receptor gene causing androgen insensitivity syndrome in 46, XY individuals, result in phenotypes ranging from complete female to ambiguous genitalia to males with minor degrees of undervirilization. We studied two Brazilian brothers with partial androgen insensitivity syndrome. They were born with perineal hypospadias, bifid scrotum, small penis and cryptorchidism, and developed gynecomastia at puberty. Genomic DNA was extracted and denaturinggradient gel electrophoresis of exon 7 of the androgen receptor gene followed by sequence analysis revealed a new mutation, a C A transversion, altering codon 840 from arginine (CGT) to serine (AGT). R840 is located in the androgen binding domain, in a "hot spot" region, important for the formation and function of the hormone receptor-complex and within the region that is involved in androgen receptor dimerization. Replacement of arginine (basic) by serine (neutral and polar) is a nonconservative substitution. Three mutations in this residue (R840C, R840G nonconservative and R840H, conservative) were previously reported in patients with partial androgen insensitivity syndrome and when expressed "in vitro" lead to a subnormal transactivation of a reporter gene. We conclude that the novel R840 mutation in the androgen receptor is the cause of partial androgen insensitivity syndrome in this Brazilian family.
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Affiliation(s)
- K F Melo
- Hospital das Clínicas, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular (LIM 42), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
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Costa EM, Mendonca BB, Inácio M, Arnhold IJ, Silva FA, Lodovici O. Management of ambiguous genitalia in pseudohermaphrodites: new perspectives on vaginal dilation. Fertil Steril 1997; 67:229-32. [PMID: 9022594 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(97)81902-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate vaginal size and sexual activity after different techniques of feminization of external genitalia in patients with pseudohermaphroditism. DESIGN Retrospective clinical study. SETTING Pseudohermaphrodite patients seen at our institution. PATIENT(S) Three female and 20 male pseudohermaphrodites raised as females. INTERVENTION(S) Bilateral orchidectomy, feminization of external genitalia (clitoridectomy or clitoroplasty, urogenital sinus enlargement), and/or neovaginoplasty or vaginal dilation with acrylic molds. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Psychological evaluation, vaginal size, and quality of intercourse. RESULT(S) All patients referred sexual drive to men. Fifty percent of the patients who were submitted to neovaginoplasty referred pain or bleeding during sexual intercourse. On the other hand, 87% of the patients who were submitted to vaginal dilation with acrylic molds, after genitoplasty or not, referred satisfactory sexual intercourse. All patients who were submitted to clitoroplasty referred orgasm and 29% of the patients submitted to clitoridectomy referred no orgasm. Of three patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency, two became pregnant and delivered normal children through cesarian section. CONCLUSION(S) In pseudohermaphrodites with female social sex, surgical correction of external genitalia performed in childhood and vaginal dilation with acrylic molds performed when they wished to start having sexual intercourse resulted in best outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Costa
- Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Brazil
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Mendonca BB, Inacio M, Costa EM, Arnhold IJ, Silva FA, Nicolau W, Bloise W, Russel DW, Wilson JD. Male pseudohermaphroditism due to steroid 5alpha-reductase 2 deficiency. Diagnosis, psychological evaluation, and management. Medicine (Baltimore) 1996; 75:64-76. [PMID: 8606628 DOI: 10.1097/00005792-199603000-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Sixteen subjects (from 10 Brazilian families) with male pseudohermaphroditism due to steroid 5alpha-reductase 2 deficiency have been evaluated in 1 clinic. The diagnoses were made on the basis of normal plasma testosterone values, normal or low plasma dihydrotestosterone levels and high testosterone/dihydrotestosterone ratios in the basal state in postpubertal subjects or after treatment with either human chorionic gonadotropin or testosterone in prepubertal subjects. The analysis of the ratios of etiocholanolone to androsterone in urine confirmed the diagnosis in all subjects who were tested, and the molecular basis of the underlying mutations was established in 9 of the families. Fourteen of the individuals were evaluated by the same psychologist. All subjects but 1 were given a female sex assignment at birth. Three of the subjects (1 the sibling of an individual who has undergone female to male social behavior) maintain a female social sex; they have been gonadectomized and treated with exogenous estrogens. Ten of 13 subjects of postpubertal age underwent a change of social sex from female to male, had surgical correction of the hypospadias, and were treated with high-dose testosterone esters by parenteral injection and subsequently with dihydrotestosterone cream. These regimens brought serum dihydrotestosterone levels to the normal male range (or above) but resulted only in limited growth of the prostate and penis and, in some, increase in body and facial hair and enhancement of libido and sexual performance. Treatment of the prepubertal boys with testosterone and/or dihydrotestosterone resulted in a doubling of penis size.
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Affiliation(s)
- B B Mendonca
- Gonads and Intersex Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Hospital das Clinicas of the University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Brazil
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Abstract
The improvement of the development in the sensitive organs is given by the process of perceiving what his taken the man to the acquaintance apprehension. The blind man runs a risk of household incident, that is common to all the normal people, but he has no access to educational process about prevention and attendance of these incidents. In a prevention and attendance course for blind people we have developed a pedagogic know-how about anatomy and physiology of the skeleton, circulation of the blood respiratory system, xonder prevention and treatment, for clearance, heart attack and respiratory stop, burned people, electrical shock, traumatism, hemorrhage, intoxication, collapse, spasm and oral medication. We have employed the human skeleton, mannequin, mould, paper, plastic tubes and mainay verbal communication and touching. The instructed contents has been applied in simulation. The know-how has shown efficiency about to be able and it has indicated by the blind people into verbalization and repetition of the proceeding and exercise.
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Meirelles MN, Juliano L, Carmona E, Silva SG, Costa EM, Murta AC, Scharfstein J. Inhibitors of the major cysteinyl proteinase (GP57/51) impair host cell invasion and arrest the intracellular development of Trypanosoma cruzi in vitro. Mol Biochem Parasitol 1992; 52:175-84. [PMID: 1620157 DOI: 10.1016/0166-6851(92)90050-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Peptidyl diazomethane (PDAM) derivatives, a class of irreversible inhibitors for cysteine proteinase, were screened for the ability to impair Trypanosoma cruzi invasion and intracellular development in primary cultures of heart muscle cells (HMC). T. cruzi GP57/51, a purified cysteinyl proteinase, and the substrate Z-Phe-Arg-NHMec were used to determine inhibition rate constants (k'+2) by continuous kinetic assays. The k'+2 values ranged from 25,400 to 2,800. The best inhibitors of GP57/51 had bulky hydrophobic residues in the P1 position (in addition to P2), the S1 sub-site specificity of the enzyme being thus similar to mammalian cathepsin L. The effects of these PDAM on parasite infectivity were then investigated. The ability to invade HMC was markedly impaired when trypomastigotes were briefly exposed to 10 microM of Z-(S-Bzl)Cys-Phe-CHN2. Striking effects were observed when PDAM were added to HMC cultures that had been previously infected with trypomastigotes: Z-(S-Bzl)Cys-Phe-CHN2 with an IC50 of 0.4 microM, and less markedly Z-Phe-Phe-CHN2 and Z-Tyr-Phe-CHN2 (or Z-Phe-Tyr-CHN2) blocked amastigote replication as well as their transformation into trypomastigotes, thereby arresting intracellular development. Bz-Phe-Gly-CHN2, in contrast, failed to display antiparasite activity. Direct characterization of the target cysteinyl proteinase was sought, by incubating viable amastigotes or infected HMC with Z-[125I]Tyr-Phe-CHN2. Affinity labeling implicated GP57/51 as the major cysteinyl proteinase target for this probe. We propose that T. cruzi intracellular development is critically dependent on GP57/51 (cruzipain). Selective inhibitors for this cysteinyl proteinase may have therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Meirelles
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Departmento de Ultraestrutura e Biologia Celular, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the relative ability of a series of cyclic opioid peptides to initiate the first activation steps following their binding of delta-opioid receptors. The extent of stimulation of low Km guanosine-triphosphatase (GTPase activity) and inhibition of hormonally-stimulated cAMP accumulation in the NG108-15 (neuroblastoma-glioma) hybrid cell line were determined and compared for six closely related peptides. In addition, their binding affinity was assessed by competition with 3H-[D-Pen2D-Pen5]-enkephalin (3H-DPDPE) in membranes from these cells. All peptides tested elicited comparable maximal effects for both functional responses. Different potencies in stimulating the low Km GTPase was observed at sub-maximal agonist concentrations, although the shallow dose-response behavior did not allow accurate determination of ED50s. Estimation of ED50s for inhibition of cAMP accumulation could be made by curve fitting and were similar for four of these peptides, while DCDPE and 3R-methylDCDPE, the highest affinity analogs, were considerably more potent. In general, the observed differences in hormonal activity somewhat parallel the rank order of binding affinities, but no strict relationship was found between receptor binding and activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Costa
- Molecular Research Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
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49
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Abstract
SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma) cultured cells, known to have mu-opioid receptors, have been used to assess and compare the ability of eight representative mu-selective compounds from diverse opioid families to recognize and activate these receptors. A wide range of receptor affinities spanning a factor of 10,000 was found between the highest affinity fentanyl analogs (Ki = 0.1nM) and the lowest affinity analog, meperidine (Ki = 1 microM). A similar range was found for inhibition of PGE1-stimulated cAMP accumulation with a rank order of activities that closely paralleled binding affinities. Maximum inhibition of cAMP accumulation by each compound was about 80%. Maximum stimulation of GTPase activity (approximately 50%) was also similar for all compounds except the lowest affinity meperidine. Both effects were naloxone reversible. These results provide further evidence that mu-receptors are coupled to inhibition of adenylate cyclase and that the SH-SY5Y cell line is a good system for assessment of mu-agonists functional responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Costa
- Molecular Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA 94304
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50
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Meirelles MN, Juliano L, Carmona E, Costa EM, Silva SG, Lima AT, Arnholdt AV, Leme VM, Guimarães ES, Berro OJ. Functional and antigenic properties of the major cysteine proteinase (GP57/51) of Trypanosoma cruzi. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 1990; 85:533-8. [PMID: 1726800 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02761990000400027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M N Meirelles
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Departamento de Ultraestrutura e biologia Celular, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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