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Guo X, Zang X, Dou SJ, Wang DY, Wang XL. Fermentation of soymilk by Lactobacillus acidipiscis isolated from Chinese stinky tofu capable of efficiently biotransforming isoflavone glucosides to dihydrodaidzein and dihydrogenistein. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:7221-7230. [PMID: 35730767 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The soy isoflavone microbial metabolites dihydrodaidzein (DHD), dihydrogenistein (DHG), equol and 5-hydroxy-equol are generally more biologically active than their precursors daidzein and genistein. Bacteria responsible for isoflavone metabolism have been isolated and identified. Fermented soymilk is a potential functional food; however, there are few lactic acid bacteria capable of metabolizing soy isoflavones. RESULTS A newly isolated Gram-positive facultative anaerobic bacterium, which was named Lactobacillus acidipiscis HAU-FR7, was isolated from the traditional Chinese fermented soy product 'stinky tofu'. Bacterium strain HAU-FR7 can grow under aerobic conditions and can also convert most of the daidzin and genistin in soymilk into DHD and DHG, respectively. The concentrations of DHD and DHG produced were 183 and 134 μmol L-1 , respectively, after fermentation for 24 h. Strain HAU-FR7 does not produce the biogenic amines cadaverine, putrescine, histamine or tyramine, and an antibiotic susceptibility test showed that HAU-FR7 is sensitive to nine of the ten tested antibiotics, except for vancomycin. Moreover, the 1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging capacity of soymilk fermented with HAU-FR7 was significantly higher than that of unfermented soymilk. CONCLUSION A facultative anaerobic lactic acid bacterium, designated Lactobacillus acidipiscis HAU-FR7, is capable of reducing the soy isoflavone glucosides daidzin and genistin in soymilk to DHD and DHG efficiently, even in the presence of atmospheric oxygen. The biotransformation activity of HAU-FR7 grown in soymilk is higher than that in de Man-Rogosa-Sharpe liquid culture medium. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xuan Zang
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Shi-Juan Dou
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Dong-Yun Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xiu-Ling Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
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2
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Zhao Y, Zhong X, Yan J, Sun C, Zhao X, Wang X. Potential roles of gut microbes in biotransformation of natural products: An overview. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:956378. [PMID: 36246222 PMCID: PMC9560768 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.956378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products have been extensively applied in clinical practice, characterized by multi-component and multi-target, many pharmacodynamic substances, complex action mechanisms, and various physiological activities. For the oral administration of natural products, the gut microbiota and clinical efficacy are closely related, but this relationship remains unclear. Gut microbes play an important role in the transformation and utilization of natural products caused by the diversity of enzyme systems. Effective components such as flavonoids, alkaloids, lignans, and phenols cannot be metabolized directly through human digestive enzymes but can be transformed by enzymes produced by gut microorganisms and then utilized. Therefore, the focus is paid to the metabolism of natural products through the gut microbiota. In the present study, we systematically reviewed the studies about gut microbiota and their effect on the biotransformation of various components of natural products and highlighted the involved common bacteria, reaction types, pharmacological actions, and research methods. This study aims to provide theoretical support for the clinical application in the prevention and treatment of diseases and provide new ideas for studying natural products based on gut biotransformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucui Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinqin Zhong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Junyuan Yan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Congying Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Xin Zhao,
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Xiaoying Wang,
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Aboushanab SA, Khedr SM, Gette IF, Danilova IG, Kolberg NA, Ravishankar GA, Ambati RR, Kovaleva EG. Isoflavones derived from plant raw materials: bioavailability, anti-cancer, anti-aging potentials, and microbiome modulation. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:261-287. [PMID: 34251921 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1946006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Isoflavones are secondary metabolites that represent the most abundant category of plant polyphenols. Dietary soy, kudzu, and red clover contain primarily genistein, daidzein, glycitein, puerarin, formononetin, and biochanin A. The structural similarity of these compounds to β-estradiol has demonstrated protection against age-related and hormone-dependent diseases in both genders. Demonstrative shreds of evidence confirmed the fundamental health benefits of the consumption of these isoflavones. These relevant activities are complex and largely driven by the source, active ingredients, dose, and administration period of the bioactive compounds. However, the preclinical and clinical studies of these compounds are greatly variable, controversial, and still with no consensus due to the non-standardized research protocols. In addition, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion studies, and the safety profile of isoflavones have been far limited. This highlights a major gap in understanding the potentially critical role of these isoflavones as prospective replacement therapy. Our general review exclusively focuses attention on the crucial role of isoflavones derived from these plant materials and critically highlights their bioavailability, possible anticancer, antiaging potentials, and microbiome modulation. Despite their fundamental health benefits, plant isoflavones reveal prospective therapeutic effects that worth further standardized analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saied A Aboushanab
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Shaimaa M Khedr
- Pharmaceutical and Fermentation Industries Development Center (PFIDC), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, SRTA-City, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Irina F Gette
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Yekaterinburg, Russia.,Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Irina G Danilova
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Yekaterinburg, Russia.,Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Natalia A Kolberg
- Integrated Laboratory Complex, Ural State University of Economics, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Gokare A Ravishankar
- C. D. Sagar Centre for Life Sciences, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Dayananda Sagar Institutions, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ranga Rao Ambati
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's Foundation of Science, Technology and Research, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Elena G Kovaleva
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Yekaterinburg, Russia
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Vázquez L, Flórez AB, Rodríguez J, Mayo B. Heterologous expression of equol biosynthesis genes from Adlercreutzia equolifaciens. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2021; 368:6309895. [PMID: 34173644 PMCID: PMC8266531 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnab082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Equol is the isoflavone-derived metabolite with the greatest estrogenic and antioxidant activity. It is produced from daidzein by fastidious and oxygen-susceptible intestinal bacteria, which hinders their use at an industrial scale. Therefore, expressing the equol production machinery into easily-cultivable hosts would expedite the heterologous production of this compound. In this work, four genes (racemase, tdr, ddr and dzr) coding for key enzymes involved in equol production in Adlercreutzia equolifaciens DSM19450T were synthesized and cloned in a pUC-derived vector (pUC57-equol) that was introduced in Escherichia coli. Recombinant clones of E. coli produced equol in cultures supplemented with daidzein (equol precursor) and dihydrodaidzein (intermediate compound). To check whether equol genes were expressed in Gram-positive bacteria, the pUC57-equol construct was cloned into the low-copy-number vector pIL252, and the new construct (pIL252-pUC57-equol) introduced into model strains of Lacticaseibacillus casei and Lactococcus lactis. L. casei clones carrying pIL252-pUC57-equol produced a small amount of equol from dihydrodaidzein but not from daidzein, while L. lactis recombinant clones produced no equol from either of the substrates. This is the first time that A. equolifaciens equol genes have been cloned and expressed in heterologous hosts. E. coli clones harboring pUC57-equol could be used for biotechnological production of equol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Vázquez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Bioquímica, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Paseo Río Linares s/n, 33300-Villaviciosa, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Avenida de Roma s/n, 33011-Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Flórez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Bioquímica, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Paseo Río Linares s/n, 33300-Villaviciosa, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Avenida de Roma s/n, 33011-Oviedo, Spain
| | - Javier Rodríguez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Bioquímica, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Paseo Río Linares s/n, 33300-Villaviciosa, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Avenida de Roma s/n, 33011-Oviedo, Spain
| | - Baltasar Mayo
- Departamento de Microbiología y Bioquímica, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Paseo Río Linares s/n, 33300-Villaviciosa, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Avenida de Roma s/n, 33011-Oviedo, Spain
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5
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Lee PG, Lee UJ, Song H, Choi KY, Kim BG. Recent advances in the microbial hydroxylation and reduction of soy isoflavones. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2018; 365:5089968. [PMID: 30184116 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fny195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Soy isoflavones are naturally occurring phytochemicals, which are biotransformed into functional derivatives through oxidative and reductive metabolic pathways of diverse microorganisms. Such representative derivatives, ortho-dihydroxyisoflavones (ODIs) and equols, have attracted great attention for their versatile health benefits since they were found from soybean fermented foods and human intestinal fluids. Recently, scientists in food technology, nutrition and microbiology began to understand their correct biosynthetic pathways and nutraceutical values, and have attempted to produce the valuable bioactive compounds using microbial fermentation and whole-cell/enzyme-based biotransformation. Furthermore, artificial design of microbial catalysts and/or protein engineering of oxidoreductases were also conducted to enhance production efficiency and regioselectivity of products. This minireview summarizes and introduces the past year's studies and recent advances in notable production of ODIs and equols, and provides information on available microbial species and their catalytic performance with perspectives on industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pyung-Gang Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Uk-Jae Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanbit Song
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon-Young Choi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Gee Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Bioengineering Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
- Institute of Bioengineering Research, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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6
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Lee PG, Kim J, Kim EJ, Lee SH, Choi KY, Kazlauskas RJ, Kim BG. Biosynthesis of (-)-5-Hydroxy-equol and 5-Hydroxy-dehydroequol from Soy Isoflavone, Genistein Using Microbial Whole Cell Bioconversion. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:2883-2890. [PMID: 28985044 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b00624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Equols are isoflavandiols formed by reduction of soy isoflavones such as daidzein and genistein by gut microorganisms. These phytoestrogens are of interest for their various biological effects. We report biosynthesis from genistein to (-)-5-hydroxy-equol in recombinant E. coli expressing three reductases (daidzein reductase DZNR, dihidrodaidzein reductase DHDR, tetrahydrodaidzein reductase THDR) and a racemase (dihydrodaidzein racemase, DDRC) originating from the gut bacterium, Slackia isoflavoniconvertens. The biosynthesized 5-hydroxy-equol proved as an optically negative enantiomer, nonetheless it displayed an inverse circular dichroism spectrum to (S)-equol. Compartmentalized expression of DZNR and DDRC in one E. coli strain and DHDR and THDR in another increased the yield to 230 mg/L and the productivity to 38 mg/L/h. If the last reductase was missing, the intermediate spontaneously dehydrated to 5-hydroxy-dehydroequol in up to 99 mg/L yield. This novel isoflavene, previously not known to be synthesized in nature, was also detected in this biotransformation system. Although (S)-equol favors binding to human estrogen receptor (hER) β over hERα, (-)-5-hydroxy-equol showed the opposite preference. This study provides elucidation of the biosynthetic route of (-)-5-hydroxy-equol and measurement of its potent antagonistic character as a phytoestrogen for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pyung-Gang Lee
- School of Chemical
and Biological Engineering, Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute
of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonwon Kim
- School of Chemical
and Biological Engineering, Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute
of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Kim
- Institute
of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyuk Lee
- School of Chemical
and Biological Engineering, Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute
of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon-Young Choi
- Department of Environmental
Engineering, College of Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Romas J. Kazlauskas
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics and The Biotechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States
| | - Byung-Gee Kim
- School of Chemical
and Biological Engineering, Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute
of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute
of Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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7
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Gao YN, Hao QH, Zhang HL, Zhou B, Yu XM, Wang XL. Reduction of soy isoflavones by use of Escherichia coli
whole-cell biocatalyst expressing isoflavone reductase under aerobic conditions. Lett Appl Microbiol 2016; 63:111-6. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.12594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y.-N. Gao
- College of Life Sciences; Agricultural University of Hebei; Baoding China
| | - Q.-H. Hao
- College of Life Sciences; Agricultural University of Hebei; Baoding China
| | - H.-L. Zhang
- College of Life Sciences; Agricultural University of Hebei; Baoding China
| | - B. Zhou
- College of Life Sciences; Agricultural University of Hebei; Baoding China
| | - X.-M. Yu
- College of Life Sciences; Agricultural University of Hebei; Baoding China
| | - X.-L. Wang
- College of Life Sciences; Agricultural University of Hebei; Baoding China
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8
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Kasparovska J, Pecinkova M, Dadakova K, Krizova L, Hadrova S, Lexa M, Lochman J, Kasparovsky T. Effects of Isoflavone-Enriched Feed on the Rumen Microbiota in Dairy Cows. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154642. [PMID: 27124615 PMCID: PMC4849651 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we compared the effects of two diets containing different isoflavone concentrations on the isoflavone transfer from feed into milk and on the rumen microbiota in lactating dairy cows. The on-farm experiment was conducted on twelve lactating Czech Fleckvieh x Holstein cows divided into two groups, each with similar mean milk yield. Twice daily, cows were individually fed a diet based on maize silage, meadow hay and supplemental mixture. Control group (CTRL) received the basal diet while the experimental group (EXP) received the basal diet supplemented with 40% soybean isoflavone extract. The average daily isoflavone intake in the EXP group (16 g/day) was twice as high as that in the CTRL group (8.4 g/day, P<0.001). Total isoflavone concentrations in milk from the CTRL and EXP groups were 96.89 and 276.07 μg/L, respectively (P<0.001). Equol concentrations in milk increased from 77.78 μg/L in the CTRL group to 186.30 μg/L in the EXP group (P<0.001). The V3-4 region of bacterial 16S rRNA genes was used for metagenomic analysis of the rumen microbiome. The experimental cows exhibited fewer OTUs at a distance level of 0.03 compared to control cows (P<0.05) and reduced microbial richness compared to control cows based on the calculated Inverse Simpson and Shannon indices. Non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis showed that the major contributor to separation between the experimental and control groups were changes in the representation of bacteria belonging to the phyla Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Planctomycetes. Surprisingly, a statistically significant positive correlation was found only between isoflavones and the phyla Burkholderiales (r = 0.65, P<0.05) and unclassified Betaproteobacteria (r = 0.58, P<0.05). Previous mouse and human studies of isoflavone effects on the composition of gastrointestinal microbial populations generally report similar findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitka Kasparovska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Pecinkova
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Dadakova
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Krizova
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sylvie Hadrova
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Matej Lexa
- Department of Information Technologies, Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Lochman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Kasparovsky
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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9
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P212A Mutant of Dihydrodaidzein Reductase Enhances (S)-Equol Production and Enantioselectivity in a Recombinant Escherichia coli Whole-Cell Reaction System. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:1992-2002. [PMID: 26801575 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03584-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
(S)-Equol, a gut bacterial isoflavone derivative, has drawn great attention because of its potent use for relieving female postmenopausal symptoms and preventing prostate cancer. Previous studies have reported on the dietary isoflavone metabolism of several human gut bacteria and the involved enzymes for conversion of daidzein to (S)-equol. However, the anaerobic growth conditions required by the gut bacteria and the low productivity and yield of (S)-equol limit its efficient production using only natural gut bacteria. In this study, the low (S)-equol biosynthesis of gut microorganisms was overcome by cloning the four enzymes involved in the biosynthesis from Slackia isoflavoniconvertens into Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). The reaction conditions were optimized for (S)-equol production from the recombinant strain, and this recombinant system enabled the efficient conversion of 200 μM and 1 mM daidzein to (S)-equol under aerobic conditions, achieving yields of 95% and 85%, respectively. Since the biosynthesis of trans-tetrahydrodaidzein was found to be a rate-determining step for (S)-equol production, dihydrodaidzein reductase (DHDR) was subjected to rational site-directed mutagenesis. The introduction of the DHDR P212A mutation increased the (S)-equol productivity from 59.0 mg/liter/h to 69.8 mg/liter/h in the whole-cell reaction. The P212A mutation caused an increase in the (S)-dihydrodaidzein enantioselectivity by decreasing the overall activity of DHDR, resulting in undetectable activity for (R)-dihydrodaidzein, such that a combination of the DHDR P212A mutant with dihydrodaidzein racemase enabled the production of (3S,4R)-tetrahydrodaidzein with an enantioselectivity of >99%.
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10
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Li M, Li H, Zhang C, Wang XL, Chen BH, Hao QH, Wang SY. Enhanced biosynthesis of O-desmethylangolensin from daidzein by a novel oxygen-tolerant cock intestinal bacterium in the presence of atmospheric oxygen. J Appl Microbiol 2015; 118:619-28. [PMID: 25523278 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To improve the oxygen-tolerant capability of a newly isolated anaerobic bacterium and to biosynthesize O-desmethylangolensin (O-Dma) from daidzein aerobically. METHODS AND RESULTS After a long-term domestication process, an oxygen-tolerant bacterium, which we named Aeroto-AUH-JLC108, was derived from the newly isolated obligate anaerobic bacterium Clostridium sp. AUH-JLC108. Strain Aeroto-AUH-JLC108 differed from the natively anaerobic wild-type strain AUH-JLC108 by various characteristics, including a change in bacterial shape, biochemical characteristics and 16S rRNA gene sequences. Both the growth speed and the maximal optical density (OD) value of strain Aeroto-AUH-JLC108 grown aerobically were significantly increased compared to that of the wild-type strain grown anaerobically. The maximal concentration of the substrate daidzein that the oxygen-tolerant strain Aeroto-AUH-JLC108 grown aerobically was able to convert efficiently was 2.0 mmol l(-1) and 0.6 mmol l(-1) for strain AUH-JLC108 that was grown anaerobically. CONCLUSIONS Strain Aeroto-AUH-JLC108 is a conditional oxygen-tolerant bacterium. The growth speed, bacterial growth mass and bioconversion capability of strain Aeroto-AUH-JLC108 grown aerobically was significantly increased compared to that of the wild-type strain AUH-JLC108 grown anaerobically. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Strain Aeroto-AUH-JLC108 is the first reported pure culture responsible for the formation of O-Dma from daidzein in the presence of atmospheric oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Li
- College of Life Sciences, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, China
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