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de la Cruz M, Kunert F, Taymaz-Nikerel H, Sigala JC, Gosset G, Büchs J, Lara AR. Increasing the Pentose Phosphate Pathway Flux to Improve Plasmid DNA Production in Engineered E. coli. Microorganisms 2024; 12:150. [PMID: 38257977 PMCID: PMC10820320 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The demand of plasmid DNA (pDNA) as a key element for gene therapy products, as well as mRNA and DNA vaccines, is increasing together with the need for more efficient production processes. An engineered E. coli strain lacking the phosphotransferase system and the pyruvate kinase A gene has been shown to produce more pDNA than its parental strain. With the aim of improving pDNA production in the engineered strain, several strategies to increase the flux to the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) were evaluated. The simultaneous consumption of glucose and glycerol was a simple way to increase the growth rate, pDNA production rate, and supercoiled fraction (SCF). The overexpression of key genes from the PPP also improved pDNA production in glucose, but not in mixtures of glucose and glycerol. Particularly, the gene coding for the glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) strongly improved the SCF, growth rate, and pDNA production rate. A linear relationship between the G6PDH activity and pDNA yield was found. A higher flux through the PPP was confirmed by flux balance analysis, which also estimates relevant differences in fluxes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. These results are useful for developing further cell engineering strategies to increase pDNA production and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitzi de la Cruz
- Departamento de Procesos y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City 05348, Mexico
| | - Flavio Kunert
- Chair of Biochemical Engineering (AVT.BioVT), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Hilal Taymaz-Nikerel
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Istanbul Bilgi University, 34060 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Juan-Carlos Sigala
- Departamento de Procesos y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City 05348, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Gosset
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico
| | - Jochen Büchs
- Chair of Biochemical Engineering (AVT.BioVT), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Alvaro R. Lara
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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Gotsmy M, Strobl F, Weiß F, Gruber P, Kraus B, Mairhofer J, Zanghellini J. Sulfate limitation increases specific plasmid DNA yield and productivity in E. coli fed-batch processes. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:242. [PMID: 38017439 PMCID: PMC10685491 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02248-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmid DNA (pDNA) is a key biotechnological product whose importance became apparent in the last years due to its role as a raw material in the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccine manufacturing process. In pharmaceutical production processes, cells need to grow in the defined medium in order to guarantee the highest standards of quality and repeatability. However, often these requirements result in low product titer, productivity, and yield. In this study, we used constraint-based metabolic modeling to optimize the average volumetric productivity of pDNA production in a fed-batch process. We identified a set of 13 nutrients in the growth medium that are essential for cell growth but not for pDNA replication. When these nutrients are depleted in the medium, cell growth is stalled and pDNA production is increased, raising the specific and volumetric yield and productivity. To exploit this effect we designed a three-stage process (1. batch, 2. fed-batch with cell growth, 3. fed-batch without cell growth). The transition between stage 2 and 3 is induced by sulfate starvation. Its onset can be easily controlled via the initial concentration of sulfate in the medium. We validated the decoupling behavior of sulfate and assessed pDNA quality attributes (supercoiled pDNA content) in E. coli with lab-scale bioreactor cultivations. The results showed an increase in supercoiled pDNA to biomass yield by 33% and an increase of supercoiled pDNA volumetric productivity by 13 % upon limitation of sulfate. In conclusion, even for routinely manufactured biotechnological products such as pDNA, simple changes in the growth medium can significantly improve the yield and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Gotsmy
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
- Doctorate School of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | | | | | - Petra Gruber
- Baxalta Innovations GmbH, A Part of Takeda Companies, Orth an der Donau, 2304, Austria
| | - Barbara Kraus
- Baxalta Innovations GmbH, A Part of Takeda Companies, Orth an der Donau, 2304, Austria
| | | | - Jürgen Zanghellini
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria.
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3
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Bao SH, Jiang H, Zhu LY, Yao G, Han PG, Wan XK, Wang K, Song TY, Liu CJ, Wang S, Zhang ZY, Zhang DY, Meng E. A dynamic and multilocus metabolic regulation strategy using quorum-sensing-controlled bacterial small RNA. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109413. [PMID: 34289355 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic regulation strategies have been developed to redirect metabolic fluxes to production pathways. However, it is difficult to screen out target genes that, when repressed, improve yield without affecting cell growth. Here, we report a strategy using a quorum-sensing system to control small RNA transcription, allowing cell-density-dependent repression of target genes. This strategy is shown with convenient operation, dynamic repression, and availability for simultaneous regulation of multiple genes. The parameters Ai, Am, and RA (3-oxohexanoyl-homoserine lactone [AHL] concentrations at which half of the maximum repression and the maximum repression were reached and value of the maximum repression when AHL was added manually, respectively) are defined and introduced to characterize repression curves, and the variant LuxRI58N is identified as the most suitable tuning factor for shake flask culture. Moreover, it is shown that dynamic overexpression of the Hfq chaperone is the key to combinatorial repression without disruptions on cell growth. To show a broad applicability, the production titers of pinene, pentalenene, and psilocybin are improved by 365.3%, 79.5%, and 302.9%, respectively, by applying combinatorial dynamic repression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Heng Bao
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, PRC
| | - Hui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, PRC
| | - Ling-Yun Zhu
- College of Arts and Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, PRC
| | - Ge Yao
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, PRC
| | - Peng-Gang Han
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, PRC
| | - Xiu-Kun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, PRC
| | - Kang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, PRC
| | - Tian-Yu Song
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, PRC
| | - Chang-Jun Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops, Genetic Improvement, and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, PRC
| | - Shan Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops, Genetic Improvement, and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, PRC
| | - Zhe-Yang Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops, Genetic Improvement, and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, PRC
| | - Dong-Yi Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops, Genetic Improvement, and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, PRC; College of Arts and Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, PRC.
| | - Er Meng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops, Genetic Improvement, and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, PRC.
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4
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Velazquez D, Jaén KE, Sigala JC, Lara AR. Minimized backbone and novel microaerobic promoters boost plasmid DNA production. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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5
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Enhancing microaerobic plasmid DNA production by chromosomal expression of Vitreoscilla hemoglobin in E. coli. Biochem Eng J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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de la Cruz M, Ramírez EA, Sigala JC, Utrilla J, Lara AR. Plasmid DNA Production in Proteome-Reduced Escherichia coli. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8091444. [PMID: 32967123 PMCID: PMC7563601 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The design of optimal cell factories requires engineering resource allocation for maximizing product synthesis. A recently developed method to maximize the saving in cell resources released 0.5% of the proteome of Escherichia coli by deleting only three transcription factors. We assessed the capacity for plasmid DNA (pDNA) production in the proteome-reduced strain in a mineral medium, lysogeny, and terrific broths. In all three cases, the pDNA yield from biomass was between 33 and 53% higher in the proteome-reduced than in its wild type strain. When cultured in fed-batch mode in shake-flask, the proteome-reduced strain produced 74.8 mg L-1 pDNA, which was four times greater than its wild-type strain. Nevertheless, the pDNA supercoiled fraction was less than 60% in all cases. Deletion of recA increased the pDNA yields in the wild type, but not in the proteome-reduced strain. Furthermore, recA mutants produced a higher fraction of supercoiled pDNA, compared to their parents. These results show that the novel proteome reduction approach is a promising starting point for the design of improved pDNA production hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitzi de la Cruz
- Departamento de Procesos y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Cuajimalpa, Mexico City 05348, Mexico; (M.d.l.C.); (E.A.R.); (J.-C.S.)
| | - Elisa A. Ramírez
- Departamento de Procesos y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Cuajimalpa, Mexico City 05348, Mexico; (M.d.l.C.); (E.A.R.); (J.-C.S.)
| | - Juan-Carlos Sigala
- Departamento de Procesos y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Cuajimalpa, Mexico City 05348, Mexico; (M.d.l.C.); (E.A.R.); (J.-C.S.)
| | - José Utrilla
- Systems and Synthetic Biology Program, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico;
| | - Alvaro R. Lara
- Departamento de Procesos y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Cuajimalpa, Mexico City 05348, Mexico; (M.d.l.C.); (E.A.R.); (J.-C.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Grijalva-Hernández F, Vega-Estrada J, Escobar-Rosales M, Ortega-López J, Aguilar-López R, Lara AR, Montes-Horcasitas MDC. High Kanamycin Concentration as Another Stress Factor Additional to Temperature to Increase pDNA Production in E. coli DH5α Batch and Fed-Batch Cultures. Microorganisms 2019; 7:E711. [PMID: 31861108 PMCID: PMC6955755 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7120711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmid DNA (pDNA) vaccines require high supercoiled-pDNA doses (milligrams) to achieve an adequate immune response. Therefore, processes development to obtain high pDNA yields and productivity is crucial. pDNA production is affected by several factors including culture type, medium composition, and growth conditions. We evaluated the effect of kanamycin concentration and temperature on pDNA production, overflow metabolism (organic acids) and metabolic burden (neomycin phosphotransferase II) in batch and fed-batch cultures of Escherichia coli DH5α-pVAX1-NH36. Results indicated that high kanamycin concentration increases the volumetric productivity, volumetric and specific yields of pDNA when batch cultures were carried out at 42 °C, and overflow metabolism reduced but metabolic burden increased. Micrographs taken with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) were analyzed, showing important morphological changes. The high kanamycin concentration (300 mg/L) was evaluated in high cell density culture (50 gDCW/L), which was reached using a fed-batch culture with temperature increase by controlling heating and growth rates. The pDNA volumetric yield and productivity were 759 mg/L and 31.19 mg/L/h, respectively, two-fold greater than the control with a kanamycin concentration of 50 mg/L. A stress-based process simultaneously caused by temperature and high kanamycin concentration can be successfully applied to increase pDNA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Grijalva-Hernández
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería. Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN) Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional No. 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, México City 07360, Mexico; (F.G.-H.); (J.V.-E.); (M.E.-R.); (J.O.-L.); (R.A.-L.)
| | - Jesús Vega-Estrada
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería. Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN) Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional No. 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, México City 07360, Mexico; (F.G.-H.); (J.V.-E.); (M.E.-R.); (J.O.-L.); (R.A.-L.)
| | - Montserrat Escobar-Rosales
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería. Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN) Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional No. 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, México City 07360, Mexico; (F.G.-H.); (J.V.-E.); (M.E.-R.); (J.O.-L.); (R.A.-L.)
| | - Jaime Ortega-López
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería. Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN) Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional No. 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, México City 07360, Mexico; (F.G.-H.); (J.V.-E.); (M.E.-R.); (J.O.-L.); (R.A.-L.)
| | - Ricardo Aguilar-López
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería. Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN) Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional No. 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, México City 07360, Mexico; (F.G.-H.); (J.V.-E.); (M.E.-R.); (J.O.-L.); (R.A.-L.)
| | - Alvaro R. Lara
- Departamento de Procesos y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Cuajimalpa. Av. Vasco de Quiroga 4871, Santa Fe, México City 05348, Mexico;
| | - Ma. del Carmen Montes-Horcasitas
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería. Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN) Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional No. 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, México City 07360, Mexico; (F.G.-H.); (J.V.-E.); (M.E.-R.); (J.O.-L.); (R.A.-L.)
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8
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Lozano Terol G, Gallego-Jara J, Sola Martínez RA, Cánovas Díaz M, de Diego Puente T. Engineering protein production by rationally choosing a carbon and nitrogen source using E. coli BL21 acetate metabolism knockout strains. Microb Cell Fact 2019; 18:151. [PMID: 31484572 PMCID: PMC6724240 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-019-1202-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a bacteria that is widely employed in many industries for the production of high interest bio-products such as recombinant proteins. Nevertheless, the use of E. coli for recombinant protein production may entail some disadvantages such as acetate overflow. Acetate is accumulated under some culture conditions, involves a decrease in biomass and recombinant protein production, and its metabolism is related to protein lysine acetylation. Thereby, the carbon and nitrogen sources employed are relevant factors in cell host metabolism, and the study of the central metabolism of E. coli and its regulation is essential for optimizing the production of biomass and recombinant proteins. In this study, our aim was to find the most favourable conditions for carrying out recombinant protein production in E. coli BL21 using two different approaches, namely, manipulation of the culture media composition and the deletion of genes involved in acetate metabolism and Nε-lysine acetylation. RESULTS We evaluated protein overexpression in E. coli BL21 wt and five mutant strains involved in acetate metabolism (Δacs, ΔackA and Δpta) and lysine acetylation (ΔpatZ and ΔcobB) grown in minimal medium M9 (inorganic ammonium nitrogen source) and in complex TB7 medium (peptide-based nitrogen source) supplemented with glucose (PTS carbon source) or glycerol (non-PTS carbon source). We observed a dependence of recombinant protein production on acetate metabolism and the carbon and nitrogen source employed. The use of complex medium supplemented with glycerol as a carbon source entails an increase in protein production and an efficient use of resources, since is a sub-product of biodiesel synthesis. Furthermore, the deletion of the ackA gene results in a fivefold increase in protein production with respect to the wt strain and a reduction in acetate accumulation. CONCLUSION The results showed that the use of diverse carbon and nitrogen sources and acetate metabolism knockout strains can redirect E. coli carbon fluxes to different pathways and affect the final yield of the recombinant protein bioprocess. Thereby, we obtained a fivefold increase in protein production and an efficient use of the resources employing the most suitable strain and culture conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Lozano Terol
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (B) and Immunology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Campus of Espinardo, Regional Campus of International Excellence ''Campus Mare Nostrum'', P.O. Box 4021, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Julia Gallego-Jara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (B) and Immunology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Campus of Espinardo, Regional Campus of International Excellence ''Campus Mare Nostrum'', P.O. Box 4021, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Rosa Alba Sola Martínez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (B) and Immunology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Campus of Espinardo, Regional Campus of International Excellence ''Campus Mare Nostrum'', P.O. Box 4021, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Manuel Cánovas Díaz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (B) and Immunology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Campus of Espinardo, Regional Campus of International Excellence ''Campus Mare Nostrum'', P.O. Box 4021, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Teresa de Diego Puente
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (B) and Immunology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Campus of Espinardo, Regional Campus of International Excellence ''Campus Mare Nostrum'', P.O. Box 4021, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
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9
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Improving biosynthetic production of pinene through plasmid recombination elimination and pathway optimization. Plasmid 2019; 105:102431. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plasmid.2019.102431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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10
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Duarte SOD, Martins MC, Andrade SM, Prazeres DMF, Monteiro GA. Plasmid Copy Number of pTRKH3 in Lactococcus lactis is Increased by Modification of the repDE Ribosome-Binding Site. Biotechnol J 2019; 14:e1800587. [PMID: 31009171 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Plasmids for DNA vaccination are exclusively produced in the Gram-negative Escherichia coli. One important drawback of this system is the presence of lipopolysaccharides. The generally recognized as safe Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis) would constitute a safer alternative for plasmid production. A key requirement for the establishment of a cost-effective L. lactis-based plasmid manufacturing is the availability of high-copy number plasmids. Unfortunately, the highest copy number reported in Gram-positive bacteria for the pAMβ1 replicon is around 100 copies. The purpose of this work is to engineer the repDE ribosome-binding site (RBS) of the pTRKH3 plasmid by site-directed mutagenesis in order to increase the plasmid copy number in L. lactis LMG19460 cells. The pTRKH3-b mutant is the most promising candidate, achieving 215 copies of plasmid per chromosome, a 3.5-fold increase when compared to the nonmodified pTRKH3, probably due to a stronger RBS sequence, a messenger RNA secondary structure that promotes the RepDE expression, an ideal intermediate amount of transcriptional repressors and the presence of a duplicated region that added an additional RBS sequence and one new in-frame start codon. pTRKH3-b is a promising high-copy number shuttle plasmid that will contribute to turn lactic acid bacteria into a safer and economically viable alternative as DNA vaccines producers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia O D Duarte
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria C Martins
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sílvia M Andrade
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Duarte M F Prazeres
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal.,Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Gabriel A Monteiro
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal.,Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
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11
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Pandey R, Kumar N, Monteiro GA, Veeranki VD, Prazeres DMF. Re-engineering of an Escherichia coli K-12 strain for the efficient production of recombinant human Interferon Gamma. Enzyme Microb Technol 2018; 117:23-31. [PMID: 30037548 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The Escherichia coli phosphoglucose isomerase (pgi) mutant strain GALG20 was developed previously from wild-type K12 strain MG1655 for increased plasmid yield. To investigate the potential effects of the pgi deletion/higher plasmid levels on recombinant human Interferon Gamma (IFN-γ) production, a detailed network of the central metabolic pathway (100 metabolites, 114 reactions) of GALG20 and MG1655 was constructed. Elementary mode analysis (EMA) was then performed to compare the phenotypic spaces of both the strains and to check the effect of the pgi deletion on flux efficiency of each metabolic reaction. The results suggested that pgi deletion increases amino acid biosynthesis and flux efficiency towards IFN-γ synthesis by 11%. To further confirm the qualitative prediction that the pgi mutation favours recombinant human IFN-γ expression, GALG20 and MG1655 were lysogenised, transformed with a plasmid coding for IFN-γ and tested alongside with BL21(DE3) for their expression capabilities in shake flask experiments using complex media. IFN-γ gene expression was analysed by quantifying plasmid and mRNA copy number per cell and IFN-γ protein production level. Specific IFN-γ yields confirmed the in silico metabolic network predictions, with GALG20(DE3) producing 3.0-fold and 1.5-fold more IFN-γ as compared to MG1655(DE3) and BL21(DE3), respectively. Most of the total IFN-γ was expressed as inclusion bodies across the three strains: 95% in GALG20(DE3), 97% in BL21(DE3) and 72% in MG1655(DE3). The copy number of mRNA coding for IFN-γ was found to be higher in GALG20(DE3) as compared to the other two strains. Overall, these findings show that GALG20(DE3) has the potential to become an excellent protein expression strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajat Pandey
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisbon 1049-001, Portugal; Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India.
| | - Nitin Kumar
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisbon 1049-001, Portugal; Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Gabriel A Monteiro
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisbon 1049-001, Portugal
| | - Venkata Dasu Veeranki
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - D M F Prazeres
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisbon 1049-001, Portugal
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12
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Silva-Santos AR, Alves CP, Prazeres DMF, Azevedo AM. A process for supercoiled plasmid DNA purification based on multimodal chromatography. Sep Purif Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2017.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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13
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Sales KC, Rosa F, Cunha BR, Sampaio PN, Lopes MB, Calado CRC. Metabolic profiling of recombinant Escherichia coli cultivations based on high-throughput FT-MIR spectroscopic analysis. Biotechnol Prog 2016; 33:285-298. [PMID: 27696721 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Escherichia coli is one of the most used host microorganism for the production of recombinant products, such as heterologous proteins and plasmids. However, genetic, physiological and environmental factors influence the plasmid replication and cloned gene expression in a highly complex way. To control and optimize the recombinant expression system performance, it is very important to understand this complexity. Therefore, the development of rapid, highly sensitive and economic analytical methodologies, which enable the simultaneous characterization of the heterologous product synthesis and physiologic cell behavior under a variety of culture conditions, is highly desirable. For that, the metabolic profile of recombinant E. coli cultures producing the pVAX-lacZ plasmid model was analyzed by rapid, economic and high-throughput Fourier Transform Mid-Infrared (FT-MIR) spectroscopy. The main goal of the present work is to show as the simultaneous multivariate data analysis by principal component analysis (PCA) and direct spectral analysis could represent a very interesting tool to monitor E. coli culture processes and acquire relevant information according to current quality regulatory guidelines. While PCA allowed capturing the energetic metabolic state of the cell, e.g. by identifying different C-sources consumption phases, direct FT-MIR spectral analysis allowed obtaining valuable biochemical and metabolic information along the cell culture, e.g. lipids, RNA, protein synthesis and turnover metabolism. The information achieved by spectral multivariate data and direct spectral analyses complement each other and may contribute to understand the complex interrelationships between the recombinant cell metabolism and the bioprocess environment towards more economic and robust processes design according to Quality by Design framework. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 33:285-298, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C Sales
- Faculty of Engineering, Catholic University of Portugal, Rio de Mouro, 2635-631, Portugal
| | - Filipa Rosa
- Faculty of Engineering, Catholic University of Portugal, Rio de Mouro, 2635-631, Portugal
| | - Bernardo R Cunha
- Faculty of Engineering, Catholic University of Portugal, Rio de Mouro, 2635-631, Portugal
| | - Pedro N Sampaio
- Faculty of Engineering, Catholic University of Portugal, Rio de Mouro, 2635-631, Portugal.,Faculty of Engineering, Lusophone University of Humanities and Technology, Campo Grande 376, Lisbon, 1749-019, Portugal
| | - Marta B Lopes
- Faculty of Engineering, Catholic University of Portugal, Rio de Mouro, 2635-631, Portugal.,Institute of Telecommunications, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisboa, 1049-001, Portugal.,ISEL-Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Rua Conselheiro Emídio Navarro 1, Lisboa, 1959-007, Portugal
| | - Cecília R C Calado
- ISEL-Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Rua Conselheiro Emídio Navarro 1, Lisboa, 1959-007, Portugal
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14
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Bernal V, Castaño-Cerezo S, Cánovas M. Acetate metabolism regulation in Escherichia coli: carbon overflow, pathogenicity, and beyond. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:8985-9001. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7832-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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15
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Šimčíková M, Alves CPA, Brito L, Prather KLJ, Prazeres DMF, Monteiro GA. Improvement of DNA minicircle production by optimization of the secondary structure of the 5′-UTR of ParA resolvase. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:6725-6737. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7565-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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16
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Abstract
Plasmids are currently an indispensable molecular tool in life science research and a central asset for the modern biotechnology industry, supporting its mission to produce pharmaceutical proteins, antibodies, vaccines, industrial enzymes, and molecular diagnostics, to name a few key products. Furthermore, plasmids have gradually stepped up in the past 20 years as useful biopharmaceuticals in the context of gene therapy and DNA vaccination interventions. This review provides a concise coverage of the scientific progress that has been made since the emergence of what are called today plasmid biopharmaceuticals. The most relevant topics are discussed to provide researchers with an updated overview of the field. A brief outline of the initial breakthroughs and innovations is followed by a discussion of the motivation behind the medical uses of plasmids in the context of therapeutic and prophylactic interventions. The molecular characteristics and rationale underlying the design of plasmid vectors as gene transfer agents are described and a description of the most important methods used to deliver plasmid biopharmaceuticals in vivo (gene gun, electroporation, cationic lipids and polymers, and micro- and nanoparticles) is provided. The major safety issues (integration and autoimmunity) surrounding the use of plasmid biopharmaceuticals is discussed next. Aspects related to the large-scale manufacturing are also covered, and reference is made to the plasmid products that have received marketing authorization as of today.
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Martins L, Pedro A, Oppolzer D, Sousa F, Queiroz J, Passarinha L. Enhanced biosynthesis of plasmid DNA from Escherichia coli VH33 using Box–Behnken design associated to aromatic amino acids pathway. Biochem Eng J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Meade J, Bartlow P, Trivedi RN, Akhtar P, Ataai MM, Khan SA, Domach MM. Effect of plasmid replication deregulation via inc mutations on E. coli proteome & simple flux model analysis. Microb Cell Fact 2015; 14:31. [PMID: 25890349 PMCID: PMC4357208 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-015-0212-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
When the replication of a plasmid based on sucrose selection is deregulated via the inc1 and inc2 mutations, high copy numbers (7,000 or greater) are attained while the growth rate on minimal medium is negligibly affected. Adaptions were assumed to be required in order to sustain the growth rate. Proteomics indicated that indeed a number of adaptations occurred that included increased expression of ribosomal proteins and 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase. The operating space prescribed by a basic flux model that maintained phenotypic traits (e.g. growth, byproducts, etc.) within typical bounds of resolution was consistent with the flux implications of the proteomic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Meade
- Department Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 15213, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Patrick Bartlow
- Department Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 15219, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Ram Narayan Trivedi
- Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 15219, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Parvez Akhtar
- Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 15219, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Mohammad M Ataai
- Department Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 15219, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Saleem A Khan
- Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 15219, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Michael M Domach
- Department Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 15213, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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19
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Shiue E, Brockman IM, Prather KLJ. Improving product yields on D-glucose in Escherichia coli via knockout of pgi and zwf and feeding of supplemental carbon sources. Biotechnol Bioeng 2015; 112:579-87. [PMID: 25258165 PMCID: PMC4629491 DOI: 10.1002/bit.25470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The use of lignocellulosic biomass as a feedstock for microbial fermentation processes presents an opportunity for increasing the yield of bioproducts derived directly from glucose. Lignocellulosic biomass consists of several fermentable sugars, including glucose, xylose, and arabinose. In this study, we investigate the ability of an E. coli Δpgi Δzwf mutant to consume alternative carbon sources (xylose, arabinose, and glycerol) for growth while reserving glucose for product formation. Deletion of pgi and zwf was found to eliminate catabolite repression as well as the ability of E. coli to consume glucose for biomass formation. In addition, the yield from glucose of the bioproduct D-glucaric acid was significantly increased in a Δpgi Δzwf strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Shiue
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Synthetic Biology Engineering Research Center (SynBERC), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Irene M. Brockman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Synthetic Biology Engineering Research Center (SynBERC), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kristala L. J. Prather
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Synthetic Biology Engineering Research Center (SynBERC), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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20
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Monteiro M, Raiado-Pereira L, Prazeres D, Mateus M. Preparation of liposome membrane adsorbers and testing for plasmid purification. Biochem Eng J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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21
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High-Level Production of Plasmid DNA by Escherichia coli DH5α ΩsacB by Introducing inc Mutations. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 80:7154-60. [PMID: 25217014 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02445-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
For small-copy-number pUC-type plasmids, the inc1 and inc2 mutations, which deregulate replication, were previously found to increase the plasmid copy number 6- to 7-fold. Because plasmids can exert a growth burden, it was not clear if further amplification of copy number would occur due to inc mutations when the starting point for plasmid copy number was orders of magnitude higher. To investigate further the effects of the inc mutations and the possible limits of plasmid synthesis, the parent plasmid pNTC8485 was used as a starting point. It lacks an antibiotic resistance gene and has a copy number of ~1,200 per chromosome. During early stationary-phase growth in LB broth at 37°C, inc2 mutants of pNTC8485 exhibited a copy number of ~7,000 per chromosome. In minimal medium at late log growth, the copy number was found to be significantly increased, to approximately 15,000. In an attempt to further increase the plasmid titer (plasmid mass/culture volume), enzymatic hydrolysis of the selection agent, sucrose, at late log growth extended growth and tripled the total plasmid amount such that an approximately 80-fold gain in total plasmid was obtained compared to the value for typical pUC-type vectors. Finally, when grown in minimal medium, no detectable impact on the exponential growth rate or the fidelity of genomic or plasmid DNA replication was found in cells with deregulated plasmid replication. The use of inc mutations and the sucrose degradation method presents a simplified way for attaining high titers of plasmid DNA for various applications.
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22
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Lopes MB, Martins G, Calado CR. Kinetic modeling of plasmid bioproduction in Escherichia coli DH5α cultures over different carbon-source compositions. J Biotechnol 2014; 186:38-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Gonçalves GAL, Prather KLJ, Monteiro GA, Carnes AE, Prazeres DMF. Plasmid DNA production with Escherichia coli GALG20, a pgi-gene knockout strain: fermentation strategies and impact on downstream processing. J Biotechnol 2014; 186:119-27. [PMID: 24995846 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The market development of plasmid biopharmaceuticals for gene therapy and DNA vaccination applications is critically dependent on the availability of cost-effective manufacturing processes capable of delivering large amounts of high-quality plasmid DNA (pDNA) for clinical trials and commercialization. The producer host strain used in these processes must be designed to meet the upstream and downstream processing challenges characteristic of large scale pDNA production. The goal of the present study was to investigate the effect of different glucose feeding strategies (batch and fed-batch) on the pDNA productivity of GALG20, a pgi Escherichia coli strain potentially useful in industrial fermentations, which uses the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) as the main route for glucose metabolism. The parental strain, MG1655ΔendAΔrecA, and the common laboratory strain, DH5α, were used for comparison purposes and pVAX1GFP, a ColE1-type plasmid, was tested as a model. GALG20 produced 3-fold more pDNA (∼141 mg/L) than MG1655ΔendAΔrecA (∼48 mg/L) and DH5α (∼40 mg/L) in glucose-based fed-batch fermentations. The amount of pDNA in lysates obtained from these cells was also larger for GALG20 (41%) when compared with MG1655ΔendAΔrecA (31%) and DH5α (26%). However, the final quality of pDNA preparations obtained with a process that explores precipitation, hydrophobic interaction chromatography and size exclusion was not significantly affected by strain genotype. Finally, high cell density fed-batch cultures were performed with GALG20, this time using another ColE1-type plasmid, NTC7482-41H-HA, in pre-industrial facilities using glucose and glycerol. These experiments demonstrated the ability of GALG20 to produce high pDNA yields of the order of 2100-2200 mg/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geisa A L Gonçalves
- MIT-Portugal Program, Portugal; IBB - Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre for Biological and Chemical Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Kristala L J Prather
- MIT-Portugal Program, Portugal; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Gabriel A Monteiro
- MIT-Portugal Program, Portugal; IBB - Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre for Biological and Chemical Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Aaron E Carnes
- Nature Technology Corporation, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Duarte M F Prazeres
- MIT-Portugal Program, Portugal; IBB - Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre for Biological and Chemical Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
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24
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Development of a phenyl membrane chromatography-based process yielding pharmaceutical grade plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid for mammalian cells transfection. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1337:67-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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25
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Engineering of Escherichia coli strains for plasmid biopharmaceutical production: scale-up challenges. Vaccine 2014; 32:2847-50. [PMID: 24598722 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Plasmid-based vaccines and therapeutics have been making their way into the clinic in the last years. The existence of cost-effective manufacturing processes capable of delivering high amounts of high-quality plasmid DNA (pDNA) is essential to generate enough material for trials and support future commercialization. However, the development of pDNA manufacturing processes is often hampered by difficulties in predicting process scale performance of Escherichia coli cultivation on the basis of results obtained at lab scale. This paper reports on the differences observed in pDNA production when using shake flask and bench-scale bioreactor cultivation of E. coli strains MG1655ΔendAΔrecA and DH5α in complex media with 20 g/L of glucose. MG1655ΔendAΔrecA produced 5-fold more pDNA (9.8 mg/g DCW) in bioreactor than in shake flask (1.9 mg/g DCW) and DH5α produced 4-fold more pDNA (8 mg/g DCW) in bioreactor than in shake flask (2 mg/g DCW). Accumulation of acetate was also significant in shake flasks but not in bioreactors, a fact that was attributed to a lack of control of pH.
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Abstract
Recent developments in DNA vaccine research provide a new momentum for this rather young and potentially disruptive technology. Gene-based vaccines are capable of eliciting protective immunity in humans to persistent intracellular pathogens, such as HIV, malaria, and tuberculosis, for which the conventional vaccine technologies have failed so far. The recent identification and characterization of genes coding for tumor antigens has stimulated the development of DNA-based antigen-specific cancer vaccines. Although most academic researchers consider the production of reasonable amounts of plasmid DNA (pDNA) for immunological studies relatively easy to solve, problems often arise during this first phase of production. In this chapter we review the current state of the art of pDNA production at small (shake flasks) and mid-scales (lab-scale bioreactor fermentations) and address new trends in vector design and strain engineering. We will guide the reader through the different stages of process design starting from choosing the most appropriate plasmid backbone, choosing the right Escherichia coli (E. coli) strain for production, and cultivation media and scale-up issues. In addition, we will address some points concerning the safety and potency of the produced plasmids, with special focus on producing antibiotic resistance-free plasmids. The main goal of this chapter is to make immunologists aware of the fact that production of the pDNA vaccine has to be performed with as much as attention and care as the rest of their research.
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27
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Williams JA. Vector Design for Improved DNA Vaccine Efficacy, Safety and Production. Vaccines (Basel) 2013; 1:225-49. [PMID: 26344110 PMCID: PMC4494225 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines1030225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA vaccination is a disruptive technology that offers the promise of a new rapidly deployed vaccination platform to treat human and animal disease with gene-based materials. Innovations such as electroporation, needle free jet delivery and lipid-based carriers increase transgene expression and immunogenicity through more effective gene delivery. This review summarizes complementary vector design innovations that, when combined with leading delivery platforms, further enhance DNA vaccine performance. These next generation vectors also address potential safety issues such as antibiotic selection, and increase plasmid manufacturing quality and yield in exemplary fermentation production processes. Application of optimized constructs in combination with improved delivery platforms tangibly improves the prospect of successful application of DNA vaccination as prophylactic vaccines for diverse human infectious disease targets or as therapeutic vaccines for cancer and allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Williams
- Nature Technology Corporation/Suite 103, 4701 Innovation Drive, Lincoln, NE 68521, USA.
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