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Wakid MH, Alsulami MN, Farid M, El Kholy WA. Potential Anti-Toxoplasmosis Efficiency of Phoenix dactylifera Extracts Loaded on Selenium Nanoparticles. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:7743-7758. [PMID: 38144223 PMCID: PMC10749168 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s443047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii that infects humans and many types of mammals and birds. Objective To investigate the effect of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) and Phoenix dactylifera (Pd) extracts loaded on SeNPs as a new agent to combat chronic T. gondii infections in murine model as an alternative method to standard Spiramycin drug therapy. Methods A total of 64 female mice were randomly divided into eight groups: GI: Normal control, GII: Positive control, GIII: infected and treated with Spiramycin, GIV: infected and treated with SeNPs, GV: infected and treated with aqueous extract of Pd, GVI: infected and treated with methanolic extract of Pd, GVII: infected and treated with aqueous extract of Pd loaded on SeNPs, GVIII: infected and treated with methanolic extract of Pd loaded on SeNPs. Date palm (P. dactylifera) fruits were identified and collected from the farms of Saudi Arabia. Preparation and characterization of SeNPs were done. The parasitological, histopathological examinations and biochemical changes were evaluated in all groups. Results Parasitological results showed significant differences in GVII in comparison to GII while GVIII showed significant differences in comparison to GII and GIII. The histopathological section of the cerebral cortex showed obvious alterations in the infected compared with untreated control groups. Aqueous and methanolic extracts of P. dactylifera loaded on SeNPs treatment showed improvement that indicated by few perivascular cuffing with few inflammatory cell infiltrations. Few granule cells with mild intracellular vacuolation and edema few deformed neurons with deep pyknotic nuclei. Microglia cells expression of Iba-1 and inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10 and INF-γ) in serum of all groups was higher in GII and lowest in GVIII followed by GVII. Conclusion SeNPs and P. dactylifera extracts loaded on SeNPs could be a potent agent to combat T. gondii infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majed H Wakid
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muslimah N Alsulami
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Farid
- Sciences Academy of Experimental Researches, Special Scientific Foundation, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Walaa A El Kholy
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Adeyemi OS, Ishii K, Kato K. L-tryptophan-titanium oxide nanoparticles showed selective anti-Toxoplasma gondii activity and improved host biocompatibility. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114597. [PMID: 36989712 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii, the etiological agent of toxoplasmosis, currently affects nearly one-third of the human population. Treatment options for toxoplasmosis are limited, which underscores the need for new drugs. In the present study, we screened nanoparticles (NPs) of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and molybdenum (Mo) for their potential to inhibit the growth of T. gondii in vitro. NPs of TiO2 and Mo showed non-dose-dependent anti-T. gondii activity with EC50 values of 157.6 and 253 µg/mL, respectively. Previously, we showed that amino acid modification of NPs enhances their selective anti-parasite toxicity. Therefore, to enhance the selective anti-parasitic action of TiO2, we modified the NP surface using alanine, aspartate, arginine, cysteine, glutamate, tryptophan, tyrosine, and bovine serum albumin. The bio-modified TiO2 showed anti-parasite activity with EC50 values ranging from 45.7 to 286.4 µg/mL. At effective anti-parasite concentrations, modified-TiO2 showed no appreciable host cytotoxicity. Of the eight bio-modified TiO2, tryptophan-TiO2 showed the most promising anti-T. gondii specificity and improved host biocompatibility with a selectivity index (SI) of 49.1 versus 7.5 for TiO2 (note, pyrimethamine, a standard drug for toxoplasmosis, has an SI of 2.3). Furthermore, our data indicate that redox modulation may be part of the anti-parasite action of these NPs. Indeed, augmentation with trolox and l-tryptophan reversed the growth restriction caused by the tryptophan-TiO2 NPs. Collectively, these findings suggest that the parasite toxicity was selective and not a result of general cytotoxic action. Furthermore, surface modification with amino acids such as l-tryptophan not only enhanced the anti-parasitic action of TiO2 but also improved the host biocompatibility. Overall, our findings indicate that the nutritional requirements of T. gondii represent a viable target for the development of new and effective anti-T. gondii agents.
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CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Disruption of the lef8 and lef9 to Inhibit Nucleopolyhedrovirus Replication in Silkworms. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061119. [PMID: 35746591 PMCID: PMC9227026 DOI: 10.3390/v14061119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) is a pathogen that causes severe disease in silkworms. In a previous study, we demonstrated that by using the CRISPR/Cas9 system to disrupt the BmNPV ie-1 and me53 genes, transgenic silkworms showed resistance to BmNPV infection. Here, we used the same strategy to simultaneously target lef8 and lef9, which are essential for BmNPV replication. A PCR assay confirmed that double-stranded breaks were induced in viral DNA at targeted sequences in BmNPV-infected transgenic silkworms that expressed small guide RNAs (sgRNAs) and Cas9. Bioassays and qPCR showed that replication of BmNPV and mortality were significantly reduced in the transgenic silkworms in comparison with the control groups. Microscopy showed degradation of midgut cells in the BmNPV-infected wild type silkworms, but not in the transgenic silkworms. These results demonstrated that transgenic silkworms using the CRISPR/Cas9 system to disrupt BmNPV lef8 and lef9 genes could successfully prevent BmNPV infection. Our research not only provides more alternative targets for the CRISPR antiviral system, but also aims to provide new ideas for the application of virus infection research and the control of insect pests.
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Asadi N, Yousefi E, Tappeh KH, Khademvatan S. Anti-toxoplasma and Cytotoxic Activities of Holothuria leucospilota Extract and TiO 2NPs In vitro and In vivo. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2022; 22:e170122200295. [PMID: 35078399 DOI: 10.2174/1871526522666220117120303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An impressive treatment for toxoplasmosis is the combinatory use of sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine. However, both the drugs involve significant side effects and toxicity for the host. Therefore, the discovery of new anti-toxoplasma medications with high efficacy and less to no side effects is urgently needed. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the anti-toxoplasmic effects of Holothuria leucospilota (H. leucospilota) extract and TiO2NPs on the cell death of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) tachyzoites in vitro and serum liver enzymes (AST, ALT, and ALP), and also to evaluate the immune response and production of IL-5, IFN-γ, and TNF-α in a mouse model. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cytotoxicity of TiO2NPs and H. leucospilota extract against the tachyzoite of T. gondii was evaluated by the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. The levels of serum TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-5, and liver enzymes were measured, as well. All the groups were subjected to T. gondii, and the survival rate of experimental mice was evaluated. RESULTS Our findings suggested in vivo and in vitro anti-toxoplasmic activity of TiO2NPs and H. leucospilota extract by inhibiting the proliferation and invasion of T. gondii tachyzoite. In addition, a significant increase in IFN-γ and TNF-α production was observed in mice treated with high doses of TiO2NPs and H. leucospilota extract. However, IL-5 levels decreased in TiO2NPs and H. leucospilota extract-treated mice. Our results also showed a highly significant increase (P < 0.05) in the levels of ALT, AST, and ALP in the groups injected with TiO2NPs and H. leucospilota extract, but not the control group. CONCLUSION TiO2NPs and H. leucospilota extract have greater anti-toxoplasma effects in vitro and in vivo. These two compounds could be considered as a candidate for use against toxoplasmosis, both therapeutically and prophylactically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Asadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute & Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Elham Yousefi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute & Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Khosrow Hazrati Tappeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute & Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Shahram Khademvatan
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute & Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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Alajmi RA, Al-Megrin WA, Metwally D, Al-Subaie H, Altamrah N, Barakat AM, Abdel Moneim AE, Al-Otaibi TT, El-Khadragy M. Anti- Toxoplasma activity of silver nanoparticles green synthesized with Phoenix dactylifera and Ziziphus spina-christi extracts which inhibits inflammation through liver regulation of cytokines in Balb/c mice. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20190379. [PMID: 30992387 PMCID: PMC6522717 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20190379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis constitutes a global infection caused by oblige intracellular apicomplexan protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii Although often asymptomatic, infection can result in more severe, potentially life threatening symptoms particularly in immunocompromised individuals. The present study evaluated the anti-Toxoplasma effects in experimental animals of silver nanoparticles synthesized in combination with extracts of natural plants (Phoenix dactylifera and Ziziphus spina-christi) as an alternative method to standard sulfadiazine drug therapy. Liver functions estimated by and AST and ALT were significantly increased in T. gondii-infected mice compared with the control group as well as hepatic nitric oxide (NO), lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels and caused significant decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione activities in the liver homogenates. Nanoparticles pretreatment prevented liver damage as determined by enzyme activity inhibition, in addition to significant inhibition of hepatic NO levels and significant elevation in liver SOD and CAT activities. Moreover, nanoparticle treatment significantly decreased hepatic LPO and NO concentrations and proinflammatory cytokines but significantly boosted the antioxidant enzyme activity of liver homogenate. In addition, histological examinations showed distinct alterations in the infected compared with untreated control groups. Conversely, nanoparticles pretreatment showed improvement in the histological features indicated by slight infiltration and fibrosis, minimal pleomorphism and less hepatocyte and degeneration. Furthermore, nanoparticles treatment induced a reduction in immunoreactivity to TGF-β and NF-κB in hepatic tissues. Therefore, the present study provides new insights into various natural plants that are used traditionally for the treatment of toxoplasmosis and other parasitic infections, which may be useful as alternative treatment option for T. gondii infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem A Alajmi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafa A Al-Megrin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dina Metwally
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Hind Al-Subaie
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nourah Altamrah
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf M Barakat
- Department of Zoonotic Diseases, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E Abdel Moneim
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tahani T Al-Otaibi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal El-Khadragy
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Manna I, Bandyopadhyay M. A review on the biotechnological aspects of utilizing engineered nanoparticles as delivery systems in plants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plgene.2018.100167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Adeyemi OS, Molefe NI, Awakan OJ, Nwonuma CO, Alejolowo OO, Olaolu T, Maimako RF, Suganuma K, Han Y, Kato K. Metal nanoparticles restrict the growth of protozoan parasites. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 46:S86-S94. [PMID: 30033773 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1489267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The Trypanosoma and Toxoplasma spp, are etiological agents of diseases capable of causing significant morbidity, mortality and economic burden, predominantly in developing countries. Currently, there are no effective vaccines for the diseases caused by these parasites; therefore, therapy relies heavily on antiprotozoal drugs. However, the treatment options for these parasitic diseases are limited, thus underscoring the need for new anti-protozoal agents. Here, we investigated the anti-parasite action of nanoparticles. We found that the nanoparticles have strong and selective in vitro activity against T. b. brucei but moderate in vitro activity against T. congolense and T. evansi. An estimation of the in vitro anti-Trypanosoma efficacy showed that the nanoparticles had ≥200-fold selective activity against the parasite versus mammalian cells. Moreover, the nanoparticle alloys moderately suppressed the in vitro growth of T. gondii by ≥60%. In our in vivo study, the nanoparticles appeared to exhibit a trypanostatic effect, but did not totally suppress the rat parasite burden, thereby failing to appreciably extend the survival time of infected animals compared with the untreated control. In conclusion, this is the first study to demonstrate the selective in vitro anti-Trypanosoma action of nanoparticles and thus supports the potential of nanoparticles as alternative anti-parasitic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluyomi Stephen Adeyemi
- a Medicinal Biochemistry, Nanomedicine and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences , Landmark University , Omu-Aran , Nigeria
| | - Nthatisi Innocentia Molefe
- b National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine , Obihiro , Hokkaido , Japan
| | - Oluwakemi Josephine Awakan
- a Medicinal Biochemistry, Nanomedicine and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences , Landmark University , Omu-Aran , Nigeria
| | - Charles Obiora Nwonuma
- a Medicinal Biochemistry, Nanomedicine and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences , Landmark University , Omu-Aran , Nigeria
| | - Omokolade Oluwaseyi Alejolowo
- a Medicinal Biochemistry, Nanomedicine and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences , Landmark University , Omu-Aran , Nigeria
| | - Tomilola Olaolu
- a Medicinal Biochemistry, Nanomedicine and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences , Landmark University , Omu-Aran , Nigeria
| | - Rotdelmwa Filibus Maimako
- a Medicinal Biochemistry, Nanomedicine and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences , Landmark University , Omu-Aran , Nigeria
| | - Keisuke Suganuma
- b National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine , Obihiro , Hokkaido , Japan
| | - Yongmei Han
- b National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine , Obihiro , Hokkaido , Japan
| | - Kentaro Kato
- b National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine , Obihiro , Hokkaido , Japan
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Duhan JS, Kumar R, Kumar N, Kaur P, Nehra K, Duhan S. Nanotechnology: The new perspective in precision agriculture. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 15:11-23. [PMID: 28603692 PMCID: PMC5454086 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is an interdisciplinary research field. In recent past efforts have been made to improve agricultural yield through exhaustive research in nanotechnology. The green revolution resulted in blind usage of pesticides and chemical fertilizers which caused loss of soil biodiversity and developed resistance against pathogens and pests as well. Nanoparticle-mediated material delivery to plants and advanced biosensors for precision farming are possible only by nanoparticles or nanochips. Nanoencapsulated conventional fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides helps in slow and sustained release of nutrients and agrochemicals resulting in precise dosage to the plants. Nanotechnology based plant viral disease detection kits are also becoming popular and are useful in speedy and early detection of viral diseases. In this article, the potential uses and benefits of nanotechnology in precision agriculture are discussed. The modern nanotechnology based tools and techniques have the potential to address the various problems of conventional agriculture and can revolutionize this sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joginder Singh Duhan
- Department of Biotechnology, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa-125055, Haryana, India
| | - Ravinder Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa-125055, Haryana, India
| | - Naresh Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa-125055, Haryana, India
| | - Pawan Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa-125055, Haryana, India
| | - Kiran Nehra
- Department of Biotechnology, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science & Technology, Murthal-131039, Sonipat, Haryana, India
| | - Surekha Duhan
- Department of Botany, Ch. Mani Ram Godara Govt. College for Women, Bhodia Khera, Fatehabad-125050, Haryana, India
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Transgenic Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat/Cas9-Mediated Viral Gene Targeting for Antiviral Therapy of Bombyx mori Nucleopolyhedrovirus. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.02465-16. [PMID: 28122981 PMCID: PMC5375672 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02465-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed a novel antiviral strategy by combining transposon-based transgenesis and the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated 9 (Cas9) system for the direct cleavage of Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) genome DNA to promote virus clearance in silkworms. We demonstrate that transgenic silkworms constitutively expressing Cas9 and guide RNAs targeting the BmNPV immediate early-1 (ie-1) and me53 genes effectively induce target-specific cleavage and subsequent mutagenesis, especially large (∼7-kbp) segment deletions in BmNPV genomes, and thus exhibit robust suppression of BmNPV proliferation. Transgenic animals exhibited higher and inheritable resistance to BmNPV infection than wild-type animals. Our approach will not only contribute to modern sericulture but also shed light on future antiviral therapy. IMPORTANCE Pathogen genome targeting has shown its potential in antiviral research. However, transgenic CRISPR/Cas9 system-mediated viral genome targeting has not been reported as an antiviral strategy in a natural animal host of a virus. Our data provide an effective approach against BmNPV infection in a real-world biological system and demonstrate the potential of transgenic CRISPR/Cas9 systems in antiviral research in other species.
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Adeyemi OS, Murata Y, Sugi T, Kato K. Inorganic nanoparticles kill Toxoplasma gondii via changes in redox status and mitochondrial membrane potential. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:1647-1661. [PMID: 28280332 PMCID: PMC5339004 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s122178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the anti-Toxoplasma gondii potential of gold, silver, and platinum nanoparticles (NPs). Inorganic NPs (0.01–1,000 µg/mL) were screened for antiparasitic activity. The NPs caused >90% inhibition of T. gondii growth with EC50 values of ≤7, ≤1, and ≤100 µg/mL for gold, silver, and platinum NPs, respectively. The NPs showed no host cell cytotoxicity at the effective anti-T. gondii concentrations; the estimated selectivity index revealed a ≥20-fold activity toward the parasite versus the host cell. The anti-T. gondii activity of the NPs, which may be linked to redox signaling, affected the parasite mitochondrial membrane potential and parasite invasion, replication, recovery, and infectivity potential. Our results demonstrated the antiparasitic potential of NPs. The findings support the further exploration of NPs as a possible source of alternative and effective anti-T. gondii agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluyomi Stephen Adeyemi
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan; Medicinal Biochemistry and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Nigeria
| | - Yuho Murata
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Sugi
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kato
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
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Maciel-Vergara G, Ros VID. Viruses of insects reared for food and feed. J Invertebr Pathol 2017; 147:60-75. [PMID: 28189501 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The use of insects as food for humans or as feed for animals is an alternative for the increasing high demand for meat and has various environmental and social advantages over the traditional intensive production of livestock. Mass rearing of insects, under insect farming conditions or even in industrial settings, can be the key for a change in the way natural resources are utilized in order to produce meat, animal protein and a list of other valuable animal products. However, because insect mass rearing technology is relatively new, little is known about the different factors that determine the quality and yield of the production process. Obtaining such knowledge is crucial for the success of insect-based product development. One of the issues that is likely to compromise the success of insect rearing is the outbreak of insect diseases. In particular, viral diseases can be devastating for the productivity and the quality of mass rearing systems. Prevention and management of viral diseases imply the understanding of the different factors that interact in insect mass rearing. This publication provides an overview of the known viruses in insects most commonly reared for food and feed. Nowadays with large-scale sequencing techniques, new viruses are rapidly being discovered. We discuss factors affecting the emergence of viruses in mass rearing systems, along with virus transmission routes. Finally we provide an overview of the wide range of measures available to prevent and manage virus outbreaks in mass rearing systems, ranging from simple sanitation methods to highly sophisticated methods including RNAi and transgenics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Maciel-Vergara
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Vera I D Ros
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Tamilselvan S, Ashokkumar T, Govindaraju K. Microscopy based studies on the interaction of bio-based silver nanoparticles with Bombyx mori Nuclear Polyhedrosis virus. J Virol Methods 2017; 242:58-66. [PMID: 28065747 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In the present investigation, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) interactions with Bombyx mori Nuclear Polyhedrosis virus (BmNPV) were characterized using High-Resolution Scanning Electron Microscopy (HR-SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDAX), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Atomic Force Microcopy (AFM) and Confocal Microscope (CM). HR-SEM study reveals that the biosynthesized AgNPs have interacted with BmNPV and were found on the surface. TEM micrographs of normal and viral polyhedra treated with AgNPs showed that the nanoparticles were accumulated in the membrane and it was noted that some of the AgNPs successfully penetrated the membrane by reaching the capsid of BmNPV. AFM and confocal microscopy studies reveal that the disruption in the shell membrane tends to lose its stability due to exposure of AgNPs to BmNPV.
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Das S, Sen B, Debnath N. Recent trends in nanomaterials applications in environmental monitoring and remediation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:18333-18344. [PMID: 26490920 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5491-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution is one of the greatest problems that the world is facing today, and it is increasing with every passing year and causing grave and irreparable damage to the earth. Nanomaterials, because of their novel physical and chemical characteristics, have great promise to combat environment pollution. Nanotechnology is being used to devise pollution sensor. A variety of materials in their nano form like iron, titanium dioxide, silica, zinc oxide, carbon nanotube, dendrimers, polymers, etc. are increasingly being used to make the air clean, to purify water, and to decontaminate soil. Nanotechnology is also being used to make renewable energy cheaper and more efficient. The use of nanotechnology in agriculture sector will reduce the indiscriminate use of agrochemicals and thus will reduce the load of chemical pollutant. While remediating environment pollution with nanomaterials, it should also be monitored that these materials do not contribute further degradation of the environment. This review will focus broadly on the applications of nanotechnology in the sustainable development with particular emphasis on renewable energy, air-, water-, and soil-remediation. Besides, the review highlights the recent developments in various types of nanomaterials and nanodevices oriented toward pollution monitoring and remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumistha Das
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Gurgaon, 122413, India
| | - Biswarup Sen
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Gurgaon, 122413, India
| | - Nitai Debnath
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Gurgaon, 122413, India.
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Yah CS, Simate GS. Nanoparticles as potential new generation broad spectrum antimicrobial agents. Daru 2015; 23:43. [PMID: 26329777 PMCID: PMC4557602 DOI: 10.1186/s40199-015-0125-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid emergence of antimicrobial resistant strains to conventional antimicrobial agents has complicated and prolonged infection treatment and increased mortality risk globally. Furthermore, some of the conventional antimicrobial agents are unable to cross certain cell membranes thus, restricting treatment of intracellular pathogens. Therefore, the disease-causing-organisms tend to persist in these cells. However, the emergence of nanoparticle (NP) technology has come with the promising broad spectrum NP-antimicrobial agents due to their vast physiochemical and functionalization properties. In fact, NP-antimicrobial agents are able to unlock the restrictions experienced by conventional antimicrobial agents. This review discusses the status quo of NP-antimicrobial agents as potent broad spectrum antimicrobial agents, sterilization and wound healing agents, and sustained inhibitors of intracellular pathogens. Indeed, the perspective of developing potent NP-antimicrobial agents that carry multiple-functionality will revolutionize clinical medicine and play a significant role in alleviating disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarence S Yah
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa.
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, E7146, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, 21205, , MD, USA.
| | - Geoffrey S Simate
- School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, P/Bag 3, Wits 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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Xu K, Li F, Ma L, Wang B, Zhang H, Ni M, Hong F, Shen W, Li B. Mechanism of enhanced Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus-resistance by titanium dioxide nanoparticles in silkworm. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118222. [PMID: 25692869 PMCID: PMC4333570 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The infection of Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) in silkworms is often lethal. It is difficult to prevent, and its lethality is correlated with both viral particle characteristics and silkworm strains. Low doses of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) can promote silkworm growth and improve its resistance to organophosphate pesticides. In this study, TiO2 NPs' effect on BmNPV resistance was investigated by analyzing the characteristics of BmNPV proliferation and transcriptional differences in silkworm midgut and the transcriptional changes of immunity related genes after feeding with TiO2 NPs. We found that low doses of TiO2 NPs improved the resistance of silkworm against BmNPV by 14.88-fold, with the mortalities of the experimental group and control group being 0.56% and 8.33% at 144 h, respectively. The proliferation of BmNPV in the midgut was significantly increased 72 h after infection in both experimental and control groups; the control group reached the peak at 120 h, while the experimental group took 24 more hours to reach the maximal value that was 12.63 times lower than the control, indicating that TiO2 NPs can inhibit BmNPV proliferation in the midgut. Consistently, the expression of the BmNPV-resistant gene Bmlipase-1 had the same increase pattern as the proliferation changes. Immune signaling pathway analysis revealed that TiO2 NPs inhibited the proliferation of silkworm BmNPV to reduce the activation levels of janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt signaling pathway, while promoting the expression of Bmakt to improve the immunity. Overall, our results demonstrate that TiO2 NPs increase silkworm resistance against BmNPV by inhibiting virus proliferation and improving immunity in silkworms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaizun Xu
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Fanchi Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Lie Ma
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Binbin Wang
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Hua Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Min Ni
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Fashui Hong
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Weide Shen
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Bing Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
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Metallic nanoparticles and their medicinal potential. Part II: aluminosilicates, nanobiomagnets, quantum dots and cochleates. Ther Deliv 2013; 4:1179-96. [DOI: 10.4155/tde.13.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Metallic miniaturization techniques have taken metals to nanoscale size where they can display fascinating properties and their potential applications in medicine. In recent years, metal nanoparticles such as aluminium, silicon, iron, cadmium, selenium, indium and calcium, which find their presence in aluminosilicates, nanobiomagnets, quantum dots (Q-dots) and cochleates, have caught attention of medical industries. The increasing impact of metallic nanoparticles in life sciences has significantly advanced the production techniques for these nanoparticles. In this Review, the various methods for the synthesis of nanoparticles are outlined, followed by their physicochemical properties, some recent applications in wound healing, diagnostic imaging, biosensing, assay labeling, antimicrobial activity, cancer therapy and drug delivery are listed, and finally their toxicological impacts are revised. The first half of this article describes the medicinal uses of two noble nanoparticles – gold and silver. This Review provides further information on the ability of aluminum, silicon, iron, selenium, indium, calcium and zinc to be used as nanoparticles in biomedical sciences. Aluminosilicates find their utility in wound healing and antibacterial growth. Iron-oxide nanoparticles enhance the properties of MRI contrast agents and are also used as biomagnets. Cadmium, selenium, tellurium and indium form the core nanostructures of tiny Q-dots used in cellular assay labeling, high-resolution cell imaging and biosensing. Cochleates have the bivalent nano ions calcium, magnesium or zinc imbedded in their structures and are considered to be highly effective agents for drug and gene delivery. The aluminosilicates, nanobiomagnets, Q-dots and cochleates are discussed in the light of their properties, synthesis and utility.
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