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Mi C, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Lin L. Mechanisms of low nighttime temperature promote oil accumulation in Brassica napus L. based on in-depth transcriptome analysis. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14372. [PMID: 38812077 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Rape (Brassica napus L.; AACC) is an important oil-bearing crop worldwide. Temperature significantly affects the production of oil crops; however, the mechanisms underlying temperature-promoted oil biosynthesis remain largely unknown. In this study, we found that a temperature-sensitive cultivar (O) could accumulate higher seed oil content under low nighttime temperatures (LNT,13°C) compared with a temperature-insensitive cultivar (S). We performed an in-depth transcriptome analysis of seeds from both cultivars grown under different nighttime temperatures. We found that low nighttime temperatures induced significant changes in the transcription patterns in the seeds of both cultivars. In contrast, the expression of genes associated with fatty acid and lipid pathways was higher in the O cultivar than in the S cultivar under low nighttime temperatures. Among these genes, we identified 14 genes associated with oil production, especially BnLPP and ACAA1, which were remarkably upregulated in the O cultivar in response to low nighttime temperatures compared to S. Further, a WGCNA analysis and qRT-PCR verification revealed that these genes were mainly regulated by five transcription factors, WRKY20, MYB86, bHLH144, bHLH95, and NAC12, whose expression was also increased in O compared to S under LNT. These results allowed the elucidation of the probable molecular mechanism of oil accumulation under LNT conditions in the O cultivar. Subsequent biochemical assays verified that BnMYB86 transcriptionally activated BnLPP expression, contributing to oil accumulation. Meanwhile, at LNT, the expression levels of these genes in the O plants were higher than at high nighttime temperatures, DEGs (SUT, PGK, PK, GPDH, ACCase, SAD, KAS II, LACS, FAD2, FAD3, KCS, KAR, ECR, GPAT, LPAAT, PAP, DGAT, STERO) related to lipid biosynthesis were also upregulated, most of which are used in oil accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Mi
- Agricultural Research Institute, Xizang Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yusong Zhang
- Industrial Crops Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Yanning Zhao
- Vegetable Research Institute, Xizang Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
| | - Liangbin Lin
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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Sui Y, Che Y, Zhong Y, He L. Genome-Wide Association Studies Using 3VmrMLM Model Provide New Insights into Branched-Chain Amino Acid Contents in Rice Grains. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2970. [PMID: 37631180 PMCID: PMC10459631 DOI: 10.3390/plants12162970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a globally important food source providing carbohydrates, amino acids, and dietary fiber for humans and livestock. The branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) level is a complex trait related to the nutrient quality of rice. However, the genetic mechanism underlying the BCAA (valine, leucine, and isoleucine) accumulation in rice grains remains largely unclear. In this study, the grain BCAA contents and 239,055 SNPs of a diverse panel containing 422 rice accessions were adopted to perform a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using a recently proposed 3VmrMLM model. A total of 357 BCAA-content-associated main-effect quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) were identified from 15 datasets (12 BCAA content datasets and 3 BLUP datasets of BCAA). Furthermore, the allelic variation of two novel candidate genes, LOC_Os01g52530 and LOC_Os06g15420, responsible for the isoleucine (Ile) content alteration were identified. To reveal the genetic basis of the potential interactions between the gene and environmental factor, 53 QTN-by-environment interactions (QEIs) were detected using the 3VmrMLM model. The LOC_Os03g24460, LOC_Os01g55590, and LOC_Os12g31820 were considered as the candidate genes potentially contributing to the valine (Val), leucine (Leu), and isoleucine (Ile) accumulations, respectively. Additionally, 10 QTN-by-QTN interactions (QQIs) were detected using the 3VmrMLM model, which were putative gene-by-gene interactions related to the Leu and Ile contents. Taken together, these findings suggest that the implementation of the 3VmrMLM model in a GWAS may provide new insights into the deeper understanding of BCAA accumulation in rice grains. The identified QTNs/QEIs/QQIs serve as potential targets for the genetic improvement of rice with high BCAA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Liqiang He
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, School of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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Liang B, Yang Q, Zhang X, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Yang J, Wang Z. Switching carbon metabolic flux for enhancing the production of sesquiterpene-based high-density biofuel precursor in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:124. [PMID: 37542329 PMCID: PMC10403917 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02370-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sesquiterpenes are designated as a large class of plant-derived natural active compounds, which have wide applications in industries of energy, food, cosmetics, medicine and agriculture. Neither plant extraction nor chemical synthesis can meet the massive market demands and sustainable development goals. Biosynthesis in microbial cell factories represents an eco-friendly and high-efficient way. Among several microorganisms, Saccharomyces cerevisiae exhibited the potential as a chassis for bioproduction of various sesquiterpenes due to its native mevalonate pathway. However, its inefficient nature limits biosynthesis of diverse sesquiterpenes at industrial grade. RESULTS Herein, we exploited an artificial synthetic malonic acid-acetoacetyl-CoA (MAAC) metabolic pathway to switch central carbon metabolic flux for stable and efficient biosynthesis of sesquiterpene-based high-density biofuel precursor in S. cerevisiae. Through investigations at transcription and metabolism levels, we revealed that strains with rewired central metabolism can devote more sugars to β-caryophyllene production. By optimizing the MVA pathway, the yield of β-caryophyllene from YQ-4 was 25.8 mg/L, which was 3 times higher than that of the initial strain YQ-1. Strain YQ-7 was obtained by introducing malonic acid metabolic pathway. Combing the optimized flask fermentation process, the target production boosted by about 13-fold, to 328 mg/L compared to that in the strain YQ-4 without malonic acid metabolic pathway. CONCLUSION This designed MAAC pathway for sesquiterpene-based high-density biofuel precursor synthesis can provide an impressive cornerstone for achieving a sustainable production of renewable fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liang
- Energy-rich Compounds Production by Photosynthetic Carbon Fixation Research Center, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Key Lab of Applied Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qun Yang
- Energy-rich Compounds Production by Photosynthetic Carbon Fixation Research Center, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Key Lab of Applied Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinping Zhang
- Energy-rich Compounds Production by Photosynthetic Carbon Fixation Research Center, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Key Lab of Applied Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yukun Zhao
- Pony Testing International Group, Qingdao, China
| | - Yunhui Liu
- Energy-rich Compounds Production by Photosynthetic Carbon Fixation Research Center, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Key Lab of Applied Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianming Yang
- Energy-rich Compounds Production by Photosynthetic Carbon Fixation Research Center, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.
- Shandong Key Lab of Applied Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Zhaobao Wang
- Energy-rich Compounds Production by Photosynthetic Carbon Fixation Research Center, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.
- Shandong Key Lab of Applied Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.
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Zhuang WB, Li YH, Shu XC, Pu YT, Wang XJ, Wang T, Wang Z. The Classification, Molecular Structure and Biological Biosynthesis of Flavonoids, and Their Roles in Biotic and Abiotic Stresses. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083599. [PMID: 37110833 PMCID: PMC10147097 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
With the climate constantly changing, plants suffer more frequently from various abiotic and biotic stresses. However, they have evolved biosynthetic machinery to survive in stressful environmental conditions. Flavonoids are involved in a variety of biological activities in plants, which can protect plants from different biotic (plant-parasitic nematodes, fungi and bacteria) and abiotic stresses (salt stress, drought stress, UV, higher and lower temperatures). Flavonoids contain several subgroups, including anthocyanidins, flavonols, flavones, flavanols, flavanones, chalcones, dihydrochalcones and dihydroflavonols, which are widely distributed in various plants. As the pathway of flavonoid biosynthesis has been well studied, many researchers have applied transgenic technologies in order to explore the molecular mechanism of genes associated with flavonoid biosynthesis; as such, many transgenic plants have shown a higher stress tolerance through the regulation of flavonoid content. In the present review, the classification, molecular structure and biological biosynthesis of flavonoids were summarized, and the roles of flavonoids under various forms of biotic and abiotic stress in plants were also included. In addition, the effect of applying genes associated with flavonoid biosynthesis on the enhancement of plant tolerance under various biotic and abiotic stresses was also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Bing Zhuang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yu-Hang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Shu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yu-Ting Pu
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Wang
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
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Qiu C, Tao H, Shen Y, Qi Q, Hou J. Dynamic-tuning yeast storage carbohydrate improves the production of acetyl-CoA-derived chemicals. iScience 2022; 26:105817. [PMID: 36636342 PMCID: PMC9830206 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetyl-coenzyme A (Acetyl-CoA) and malonyl-coenzyme A (malonyl-CoA) are important precursors for producing various chemicals, and their availability affects the production of their downstream chemicals. Storage carbohydrates are considered important carbon and energy reservoirs. Herein, we find that regulating the storage carbohydrate synthesis improves metabolic fluxes toward malonyl-CoA. Interestingly, not only directly decreasing storage carbohydrate accumulation improved malonyl-CoA availability but also increasing the storage carbohydrate by UGP1 overexpression enables an even higher production of acetyl-CoA- and malonyl-CoA-derived chemicals. We find that Ugp1p overexpression dynamically regulates the carbon flux to storage carbohydrate synthesis. In early exponential phases, Ugp1 overexpression causes more storage carbohydrate accumulation, while the carbon flux is then redirected toward acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA in later phases, thereby contributing to the synthesis of their derived products. Our study demonstrates the importance of storage carbohydrates rearrangement for the availability of acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA and therefore will facilitate the synthesis of their derived chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Binhai Road 72, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
| | - Huilin Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Binhai Road 72, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
| | - Yu Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Binhai Road 72, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
| | - Qingsheng Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Binhai Road 72, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
| | - Jin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Binhai Road 72, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China,Corresponding author
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Joshi S, Mishra S. Recent advances in biofuel production through metabolic engineering. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 352:127037. [PMID: 35318143 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Rising global energy demands and climate crisis has created an unprecedented need for the bio-based circular economy to ensure sustainable development with the minimized carbon footprint. Along with conventional biofuels such as ethanol, microbes can be used to produce advanced biofuels which are equivalent to traditional fuels in their energy efficiencies and are compatible with already established infrastructure and hence can be directly blended in higher proportions without overhauling of the pre-existing setup. Metabolic engineering is at the frontiers to develop microbial chassis for biofuel bio-foundries to meet the industrial needs for clean energy. This review does a thorough inquiry of recent developments in metabolic engineering for increasing titers, rates, and yields (TRY) of biofuel production by engineered microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Joshi
- ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health (NIOH), Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India; Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
| | - SukhDev Mishra
- ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health (NIOH), Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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Feng C, Chen J, Ye W, Liao K, Wang Z, Song X, Qiao M. Synthetic Biology-Driven Microbial Production of Resveratrol: Advances and Perspectives. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:833920. [PMID: 35127664 PMCID: PMC8811299 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.833920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol, a bioactive natural product found in many plants, is a secondary metabolite and has attracted much attention in the medicine and health care products fields due to its remarkable biological activities including anti-cancer, anti-oxidation, anti-aging, anti-inflammation, neuroprotection and anti-glycation. However, traditional chemical synthesis and plant extraction methods are impractical for industrial resveratrol production because of low yield, toxic chemical solvents and environmental pollution during the production process. Recently, the biosynthesis of resveratrol by constructing microbial cell factories has attracted much attention, because it provides a safe and efficient route for the resveratrol production. This review discusses the physiological functions and market applications of resveratrol. In addition, recent significant biotechnology advances in resveratrol biosynthesis are systematically summarized. Furthermore, we discuss the current challenges and future prospects for strain development for large-scale resveratrol production at an industrial level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Feng
- Department of Urology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Urology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenxin Ye
- Department of Urology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kaisen Liao
- Department of Urology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhanshi Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofei Song
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaofei Song, ; Mingqiang Qiao,
| | - Mingqiang Qiao
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaofei Song, ; Mingqiang Qiao,
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Zhang Q, Zeng W, Xu S, Zhou J. Metabolism and strategies for enhanced supply of acetyl-CoA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 342:125978. [PMID: 34598073 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Acetyl-CoA is a kind of important cofactor that is involved in many metabolic pathways. It serves as the precursor for many interesting commercial products, such as terpenes, flavonoids and anthraquinones. However, the insufficient supply of acetyl-CoA limits biosynthesis of its derived compounds in the intracellular. In this review, we outlined metabolic pathways involved in the catabolism and anabolism of acetyl-CoA, as well as some important derived products. We examined several strategies for the enhanced supply of acetyl-CoA, and provided insight into pathways that generate acetyl-CoA to balance metabolism, which can be harnessed to improve the titer, yield and productivities of interesting products in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and other eukaryotic microorganisms. We believe that peroxisomal fatty acid β-oxidation could be an attractive strategy for enhancing the supply of acetyl-CoA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Weizhu Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Sha Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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The Role of Metabolic Engineering Technologies for the Production of Fatty Acids in Yeast. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10070632. [PMID: 34356487 PMCID: PMC8301174 DOI: 10.3390/biology10070632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Metabolic engineering involves the sustainable production of high-value products. E. coli and yeast, in particular, are used for such processes. Using metabolic engineering, the biosynthetic pathways of these cells are altered to obtain a high production of desired products. Fatty acids (FAs) and their derivatives are products produced using metabolic engineering. However, classical methods used for engineering yeast metabolic pathways for the production of fatty acids and their derivatives face problems such as the low supply of key precursors and product tolerance. This review introduces the different ways FAs are being produced in E. coli and yeast and the genetic manipulations for enhanced production of FAs. The review also summarizes the latest techniques (i.e., CRISPR–Cas and synthetic biology) for developing FA-producing yeast cell factories. Abstract Metabolic engineering is a cutting-edge field that aims to produce simple, readily available, and inexpensive biomolecules by applying different genetic engineering and molecular biology techniques. Fatty acids (FAs) play an important role in determining the physicochemical properties of membrane lipids and are precursors of biofuels. Microbial production of FAs and FA-derived biofuels has several advantages in terms of sustainability and cost. Conventional yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is one of the models used for FA synthesis. Several genetic manipulations have been performed to enhance the citrate accumulation and its conversation into acetyl-CoA, a precursor for FA synthesis. Success has been achieved in producing different chemicals, including FAs and their derivatives, through metabolic engineering. However, several hurdles such as slow growth rate, low oleaginicity, and cytotoxicity are still need to be resolved. More robust research needs to be conducted on developing microbes capable of resisting diverse environments, chemicals, and cost-effective feed requirements. Redesigning microbes to produce FAs with cutting-edge synthetic biology and CRISPR techniques can solve these problems. Here, we reviewed the technological progression of metabolic engineering techniques and genetic studies conducted on S. cerevisiae, making it suitable as a model organism and a great candidate for the production of biomolecules, especially FAs.
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Resveratrol Production in Yeast Hosts: Current Status and Perspectives. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11060830. [PMID: 34199540 PMCID: PMC8226833 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol is a plant secondary metabolite known for its therapeutic applications as an antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, cardio-protective, and neuroprotective agent. Topical formulas of resveratrol are also used for skin disease management and in cosmetic industries. Due to its importance, high resveratrol production is urgently required. Since the last decade, intensive efforts have been devoted to obtaining resveratrol from microorganisms by pathway and metabolic engineering. Yeasts were proven to be excellent host candidates for resveratrol production. In addition to the similar intracellular compartments between yeasts and plants, yeasts exhibit the ability to express genes coding for plant-derived enzymes and to perform post-translational modification. Therefore, this review summarizes the attempts to use yeasts as a platform for resveratrol synthesis as the next promising route in producing high titers of resveratrol from genetically engineered strains.
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11
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Engineering an oleaginous yeast Candida tropicalis SY005 for enhanced lipid production. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:8399-8411. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10830-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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12
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A Disjointed Pathway for Malonate Degradation by Rhodopseudomonas palustris. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.00631-20. [PMID: 32220835 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00631-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The purple nonsulfur phototrophic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris strain CGA009 uses the three-carbon dicarboxylic acid malonate as the sole carbon source under phototrophic conditions. However, this bacterium grows extremely slowly on this compound and does not have operons for the two pathways for malonate degradation that have been detected in other bacteria. Many bacteria grow on a spectrum of carbon sources, some of which are classified as poor growth substrates because they support low growth rates. This trait is rarely addressed in the literature, but slow growth is potentially useful in biotechnological applications where it is imperative for bacteria to divert cellular resources to value-added products rather than to growth. This prompted us to explore the genetic and physiological basis for the slow growth of R. palustris with malonate as a carbon source. There are two unlinked genes annotated as encoding a malonyl coenzyme A (malonyl-CoA) synthetase (MatB) and a malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (MatA) in the genome of R. palustris, which we verified as having the predicted functions. Additionally, two tripartite ATP-independent periplasmic transporters (TRAP systems) encoded by rpa2047 to rpa2049 and rpa2541 to rpa2543 were needed for optimal growth on malonate. Most of these genes were expressed constitutively during growth on several carbon sources, including malonate. Our data indicate that R. palustris uses a piecemeal approach to growing on malonate. The data also raise the possibility that this bacterium will evolve to use malonate efficiently if confronted with an appropriate selection pressure.IMPORTANCE There is interest in understanding how bacteria metabolize malonate because this three-carbon dicarboxylic acid can serve as a building block in bioengineering applications to generate useful compounds that have an odd number of carbons. We found that the phototrophic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris grows extremely slowly on malonate. We identified two enzymes and two TRAP transporters involved in the uptake and metabolism of malonate, but some of these elements are apparently not very efficient. R. palustris cells growing with malonate have the potential to be excellent biocatalysts, because cells would be able to divert cellular resources to the production of value-added compounds instead of using them to support rapid growth. In addition, our results suggest that R. palustris is a candidate for directed evolution studies to improve growth on malonate and to observe the kinds of genetic adaptations that occur to make a metabolic pathway operate more efficiently.
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Milke L, Marienhagen J. Engineering intracellular malonyl-CoA availability in microbial hosts and its impact on polyketide and fatty acid synthesis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:6057-6065. [PMID: 32385515 PMCID: PMC7316851 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10643-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Malonyl-CoA is an important central metabolite serving as the basic building block for the microbial synthesis of many pharmaceutically interesting polyketides, but also fatty acid-derived compounds including biofuels. Especially Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Escherichia coli, and Corynebacterium glutamicum have been engineered towards microbial synthesis of such compounds in recent years. However, developed strains and processes often suffer from insufficient productivity. Usually, tightly regulated intracellular malonyl-CoA availability is regarded as the decisive bottleneck limiting overall product formation. Therefore, metabolic engineering towards improved malonyl-CoA availability is essential to design efficient microbial cell factories for the production of polyketides and fatty acid derivatives. This review article summarizes metabolic engineering strategies to improve intracellular malonyl-CoA formation in industrially relevant microorganisms and its impact on productivity and product range, with a focus on polyketides and other malonyl-CoA-dependent products.Key Points• Malonyl-CoA is the central building block of polyketide synthesis.• Increasing acetyl-CoA supply is pivotal to improve malonyl-CoA availability.• Improved acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity increases availability of malonyl-CoA.• Fatty acid synthesis as an ambivalent target to improve malonyl-CoA supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Milke
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Jan Marienhagen
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany. .,Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 3, 52074, Aachen, Germany. .,Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany.
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Raising the production of phloretin by alleviation of by-product of chalcone synthase in the engineered yeast. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2020; 63:1734-1743. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-019-1634-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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15
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Engineering a microbial biosynthesis platform for de novo production of tropane alkaloids. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3634. [PMID: 31406117 PMCID: PMC6690885 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11588-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tropane alkaloids (TAs) are a class of phytochemicals produced by plants of the nightshade family used for treating diverse neurological disorders. Here, we demonstrate de novo production of tropine, a key intermediate in the biosynthetic pathway of medicinal TAs such as scopolamine, from simple carbon and nitrogen sources in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Our engineered strain incorporates 15 additional genes, including 11 derived from diverse plants and bacteria, and 7 disruptions to yeast regulatory or biosynthetic proteins to produce tropine at titers of 6 mg/L. We also demonstrate the utility of our engineered yeast platform for the discovery of TA derivatives by combining biosynthetic modules from distant plant lineages to achieve de novo production of cinnamoyltropine, a non-canonical TA. Our engineered strain constitutes a starting point for future optimization efforts towards realizing industrial fermentation of medicinal TAs and a platform for the synthesis of TA derivatives with enhanced bioactivities. Tropane alkaloids (TAs) are a group of phytochemicals that are used to treat neurological disorders. Here, the authors engineer baker’s yeast to produce tropine, a key intermediate in the biosynthetic pathway of TAs, and cinnamoyltropine, a non-canonical TA, from simple carbon and nitrogen sources.
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Palmer CM, Alper HS. Expanding the Chemical Palette of Industrial Microbes: Metabolic Engineering for Type III PKS-Derived Polyketides. Biotechnol J 2018; 14:e1700463. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claire M. Palmer
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology; The University of Texas at Austin; Austin 200 E Dean Keeton St. Stop C0400 Austin TX 78712
| | - Hal S. Alper
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology; The University of Texas at Austin; Austin 200 E Dean Keeton St. Stop C0400 Austin TX 78712
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering; The University of Texas at Austin; Austin 200 E Dean Keeton St. Stop C0400 Austin TX 78712
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18
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Lian J, Mishra S, Zhao H. Recent advances in metabolic engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: New tools and their applications. Metab Eng 2018; 50:85-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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19
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Schriewer A, Cadenas C, Hayen H. Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis of malonyl-coenzyme A in breast cancer cell cultures applying online solid-phase extraction. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:4303-4310. [PMID: 28877409 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cofactors such as coenzyme A and its derivatives acetyl-coenzyme A and malonyl-coenzyme A are involved in many metabolic pathways. Due to trace level concentrations in biological samples and the high reactivity of cofactors, a fast, sensitive, and selective method for quantification is mandatory. In this study, online solid-phase extraction was coupled successfully to hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry for isolation of analytes in complex matrix and quantification by external calibration. Online solid-phase extraction was carried out by application of a weak anion-exchange column, whereas hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography separation was performed on an amide modified stationary phase. Sample preparation of the extracts before the analysis was reduced to a centrifugation and dilution step. Moreover, the applied online solid-phase extraction significantly reduced matrix effects and increased the signal-to-noise ratio. The limit of detection and the limit of quantification were in the lower nanomolar range. Finally, the applicability of this method was demonstrated on MCF-7 breast cancer cell cultures, a commonly used model system, where acetyl-coenzyme A and malonyl-coenzyme A were determined using standard addition procedure in concentrations of 1.98 μM and 41 nM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Schriewer
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Cristina Cadenas
- Leibniz-Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, University of Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Heiko Hayen
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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Fernandez-Moya R, Da Silva NA. Engineering Saccharomyces cerevisiae for high-level synthesis of fatty acids and derived products. FEMS Yeast Res 2017; 17:4111148. [DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/fox071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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21
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Chen X, Yang X, Shen Y, Hou J, Bao X. Increasing Malonyl-CoA Derived Product through Controlling the Transcription Regulators of Phospholipid Synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. ACS Synth Biol 2017; 6:905-912. [PMID: 28132498 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.6b00346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Malonyl-CoA is a precursor of a variety of compounds such as polyketides and flavonoids. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, malonyl-CoA concentration is tightly regulated and therefore maintained at a very low level, limiting the production of malonyl-CoA-derived chemicals. Here we manipulated the phospholipid synthesis transcriptional regulators to control the malonyl-CoA levels and increase the downstream product. Through manipulating different regulators including Ino2p, Ino4p, Opi1p, and a series of synthetic Ino2p variants, combining with studying the inositol and choline effect, the engineered strain achieved a 9-fold increase of the titer of malonyl-CoA-derived product 3-hydroxypropionic acid, which is among the highest improvement relative to previously reported strategies. Our study provides a new strategy to regulate malonyl-CoA availability and will contribute to the production of other highly valued malonyl-CoA-derived chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial
Technology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial
Technology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yu Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial
Technology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Jin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial
Technology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xiaoming Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial
Technology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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22
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Chen G, Liu H, Wei Q, Zhao H, Liu J, Yu Y. The acyl-activating enzyme PhAAE13 is an alternative enzymatic source of precursors for anthocyanin biosynthesis in petunia flowers. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:457-467. [PMID: 28204578 PMCID: PMC5441920 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins, a class of flavonoids, are responsible for the orange to blue coloration of flowers and act as visual attractors to aid pollination and seed dispersal. Malonyl-CoA is the precursor for the formation of flavonoids and anthocyanins. Previous studies have suggested that malonyl-CoA is formed almost exclusively by acetyl-CoA carboxylase, which catalyzes the ATP-dependent formation of malonyl-CoA from acetyl-CoA and bicarbonate. In the present study, the full-length cDNA of Petunia hybrida acyl-activating enzyme 13 (PhAAE13), a member of clade VII of the AAE superfamily that encodes malonyl-CoA synthetase, was isolated. The expression of PhAAE13 was highest in corollas and was down-regulated by ethylene. Virus-induced gene silencing of petunia PhAAE13 significantly reduced anthocyanin accumulation, fatty acid content, and cuticular wax components content, and increased malonic acid content in flowers. The silencing of PhAAE3 and PhAAE14, the other two genes in clade VII of the AAE superfamily, did not change the anthocyanin content in petunia flowers. This study provides strong evidence indicating that PhAAE13, among clade VII of the AAE superfamily, is specifically involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis in petunia flowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoju Chen
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Heping Liu
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Wei
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huina Zhao
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juanxu Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yixun Yu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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23
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Guan X, Nikolau BJ. AAE13 encodes a dual-localized malonyl-CoA synthetase that is crucial for mitochondrial fatty acid biosynthesis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 85:581-93. [PMID: 26836315 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Malonyl-CoA is a key intermediate in a number of metabolic processes associated with its role as a substrate in acylation and condensation reactions. These types of reactions occur in plastids, the cytosol and mitochondria, and although carboxylation of acetyl-CoA is the known mechanism for generating the distinct plastidial and cytosolic pools, the metabolic origin of the mitochondrial malonyl-CoA pool is still unclear. In this study we demonstrate that malonyl-CoA synthetase encoded by the Arabidopsis AAE13 (AT3G16170) gene is localized in both the cytosol and the mitochondria. These isoforms are translated from two types of transcripts, one that contains and one that does not contain a mitochondrial-targeting pre-sequence. Whereas the cytosolic AAE13 protein is not essential, due to the presence of a redundant malonyl-CoA generating system provided by a cytosolic acetyl-CoA carboxylase, the mitochondrial AAE13 protein is essential for plant growth. Phenotypes of the aae13-1 mutant are transgenically reversed only if the mitochondrial pre-sequence is present in the ectopically expressed AAE13 proteins. The aae13-1 mutant exhibits typical metabolic phenotypes associated with a deficiency in the mitochondrial fatty acid synthase system, namely depleted lipoylation of the H subunit of the photorespiratory enzyme glycine decarboxylase, increased accumulation of glycine and glycolate and reduced levels of sucrose. Most of these metabolic alterations, and associated morphological changes, are reversed when the aae13-1 mutant is grown in a non-photorespiratory condition (i.e. a 1% CO2 atmosphere), demonstrating that they are a consequence of the deficiency in photorespiration due to the inability to generate lipoic acid from mitochondrially synthesized fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Guan
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
- The NSF Engineering Research Center for Biorenewable Chemicals (CBiRC), Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Basil J Nikolau
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
- The NSF Engineering Research Center for Biorenewable Chemicals (CBiRC), Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
- Center for Metabolic Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
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24
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Chen L, Lee J, Ning Chen W. The use of metabolic engineering to produce fatty acid-derived biofuel and chemicals in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: a review. AIMS BIOENGINEERING 2016. [DOI: 10.3934/bioeng.2016.4.468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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25
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Gomma AE, Lee SK, Sun SM, Yang SH, Chung G. Improvement in Oil Production by Increasing Malonyl-CoA and Glycerol-3-Phosphate Pools in Scenedesmus quadricauda. Indian J Microbiol 2015; 55:447-455. [PMID: 26543271 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-015-0546-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, microalgae have attracted considerable interest as a biofuel resource owing to their rapid growth, tolerance to harsh conditions, and ability to accumulate a large amount of triacylglycerols (TAGs). However, the economic effectiveness of algal biofuel is still low. In this study, we attempted to increase oil production of the microalga Scenedesmus quadricauda by elevating intracellular malonyl-CoA and glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) pools. To increase intracellular oil content, yeast-derived genes encoding acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC1), glycerol kinase (GPD1), and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GUT1) were overexpressed under the control of CaMV 35S and NOS promoters with SV40 large T antigen components. Fatty acid profiling, G3P content, and the number of cells with high oil content were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, G3P assay kit, and flow cytometry, respectively. Overexpression of ACC1 increased the total fatty acid content by 1.6-fold. Overexpression of GPD1 and GUT1 increased intracellular G3P content by 1.6- and 1.9-fold, respectively. Multi-gene expression of ACC1, GPD1, and GUT1 increased the number of cells with high oil content by 1.45-fold compared with that observed with the wild-type. This study is the first to report increased oil production by overexpression of the key genes (ACC1, GPD1, and GUT1) for TAG biosynthesis in microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed E Gomma
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu-si, 550749 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Kwon Lee
- Center for Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Materials, Myongji University, Yongin-si, 449728 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Mi Sun
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu-si, 550749 Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Yang
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biomodulation, Myongji University, Yongin-si, 449728 Republic of Korea
| | - Gyuhwa Chung
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu-si, 550749 Republic of Korea
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26
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Tang X, Lee J, Chen WN. Engineering the fatty acid metabolic pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for advanced biofuel production. Metab Eng Commun 2015; 2:58-66. [PMID: 34150509 PMCID: PMC8193251 DOI: 10.1016/j.meteno.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid-derived fuels and chemicals have attracted a great deal of attention in recent decades, due to their following properties of high compatibility to gasoline-based fuels and existing infrastructure for their direct utilization, storage and distribution. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the ideal biofuel producing candidate, based on the wealth of available genetic information and versatile tools designed to manipulate its metabolic pathways. Engineering the fatty acid metabolic pathways in S. cerevisiae is an effective strategy to increase its fatty acid biosynthesis and provide more pathway precursors for production of targeted products. This review summarizes the recent progress in metabolic engineering of yeast cells for fatty acids and fatty acid derivatives production, including the regulation of acetyl-CoA biosynthesis, NADPH production, fatty acid elongation, and the accumulation of activated precursors of fatty acids for converting enzymes. By introducing specific enzymes in the engineered strains, a powerful platform with a scalable, controllable and economic route for advanced biofuel production has been established. Recent progress in metabolic engineering for enhanced fatty acid production. Regulation of acetyl-CoA, NADPH pathway for fatty acid synthesis. Regulation of elongation and catabolic pathway to strength fatty acid synthesis. Enhanced production of activated precursors for fatty acid derivatives production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Tang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | - Jaslyn Lee
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | - Wei Ning Chen
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Singapore
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27
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Sheng J, Feng X. Metabolic engineering of yeast to produce fatty acid-derived biofuels: bottlenecks and solutions. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:554. [PMID: 26106371 PMCID: PMC4459083 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid-derived biofuels can be a better solution than bioethanol to replace petroleum fuel, since they have similar energy content and combustion properties as current transportation fuels. The environmentally friendly microbial fermentation process has been used to synthesize advanced biofuels from renewable feedstock. Due to their robustness as well as the high tolerance to fermentation inhibitors and phage contamination, yeast strains such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Yarrowia lipolytica have attracted tremendous attention in recent studies regarding the production of fatty acid-derived biofuels, including fatty acids, fatty acid ethyl esters, fatty alcohols, and fatty alkanes. However, the native yeast strains cannot produce fatty acids and fatty acid-derived biofuels in large quantities. To this end, we have summarized recent publications in this review on metabolic engineering of yeast strains to improve the production of fatty acid-derived biofuels, identified the bottlenecks that limit the productivity of biofuels, and categorized the appropriate approaches to overcome these obstacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayuan Sheng
- Biomolecular Engineering Lab, Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Xueyang Feng
- Biomolecular Engineering Lab, Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg, VA, USA
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28
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Krivoruchko A, Nielsen J. Production of natural products through metabolic engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2014; 35:7-15. [PMID: 25544013 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Many high-value metabolites are produced in nature by organisms that are not ideal for large-scale production. Therefore, interest exists in expressing the biosynthetic pathways of these compounds in organisms that are more suitable for industrial production. Recent years have seen developments in both the discovery of various biosynthetic pathways, as well as development of metabolic engineering tools that allow reconstruction of complex pathways in microorganisms. In the present review we discuss recent advances in reconstruction of the biosynthetic pathways of various high-value products in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a commonly used industrial microorganism. Key achievements in the production of different isoprenoids, aromatics and polyketides are presented and the metabolic engineering strategies underlying these accomplishments are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Krivoruchko
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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29
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Recent advances in biosynthesis of fatty acids derived products in Saccharomyces cerevisiae via enhanced supply of precursor metabolites. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 42:437-51. [PMID: 25306882 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-014-1518-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acids or their activated forms, fatty acyl-CoAs and fatty acyl-ACPs, are important precursors to synthesize a wide variety of fuels and chemicals, including but not limited to free fatty acids (FFAs), fatty alcohols (FALs), fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs), and alkanes. However, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, an important cell factory, does not naturally accumulate fatty acids in large quantities. Therefore, metabolic engineering strategies were carried out to increase the glycolytic fluxes to fatty acid biosynthesis in yeast, specifically to enhance the supply of precursors, eliminate competing pathways, and bypass the host regulatory network. This review will focus on the genetic manipulation of both structural and regulatory genes in each step for fatty acids overproduction in S. cerevisiae, including from sugar to acetyl-CoA, from acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA, and from malonyl-CoA to fatty acyl-CoAs. The downstream pathways for the conversion of fatty acyl-CoAs to the desired products will also be discussed.
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