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Chang X, Xue S, Li R, Zhang Y. Episyrphus balteatus symbiont variation across developmental stages, living states, two sexes, and potential horizontal transmission from prey or environment. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1308393. [PMID: 38249471 PMCID: PMC10797133 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1308393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Episyrphus balteatus is one representative Syrphidae insect which can provide extensive pollination and pest control services. To date, the symbiont composition and potential acquisition approaches in Syrphidae remain unclear. Methods Herein, we investigated microbiota dynamics across developmental stages, different living states, and two sexes in E. balteatus via full-length 16S rRNA genes sequencing, followed by an attempt to explore the possibility of symbiont transmission from prey Megoura crassicauda to the hoverfly. Results Overall, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were the dominant bacteria phyla with fluctuating relative abundances across the life stage. Cosenzaea myxofaciens is dominant in adulthood, while Enterococcus silesiacus and Morganella morganii dominate in larvae and pupae of E. balteatus, respectively. Unexpectedly, Serratia symbiotica, one facultative endosymbiont commonly harbored in aphids, was one of the predominant bacteria in larvae of E. balteatus, just behind Enterococcus silesiacus. In addition, S. symbiotica was also surprisingly most dominated in M. crassicauda aphids (92.1% relative abundance), which are significantly higher than Buchnera aphidicola (4.7% relative abundance), the primary obligate symbiont of most aphid species. Approximately 25% mortality was observed among newly emerged adults, of which microbiota was also disordered, similar to normally dying individuals. Sexually biased symbionts and 41 bacteria species with pairwise co-occurrence in E. balteatus and 23 biomarker species for each group were identified eventually. Functional prediction showed symbionts of hoverflies and aphids, both mainly focusing on metabolic pathways. In brief, we comprehensively explored the microbiome in one Syrphidae hoverfly using E. balteatus reared indoors on M. morganii as the model, revealed its dominated symbiont species, identified sexually biased symbionts, and found an aphid facultative endosymbiont inhabited in the hoverfly. We also found that the dominated symbiotic bacteria in M. crassicauda are S. symbiotica other than Buchnera aphidicola. Discussion Taken together, this study provides new valuable resources about symbionts in hoverflies and prey aphids jointly, which will benefit further exploring the potential roles of microbiota in E. balteatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chang
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, Henan, China
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Inte-grated Utilization, Anyang, Henan, China
- Taihang Mountain Forest Pests Observation and Research Station of Henan Province, Linzhou, China
| | - Shuang Xue
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Inte-grated Utilization, Anyang, Henan, China
- Taihang Mountain Forest Pests Observation and Research Station of Henan Province, Linzhou, China
| | - Ruimin Li
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Inte-grated Utilization, Anyang, Henan, China
- Taihang Mountain Forest Pests Observation and Research Station of Henan Province, Linzhou, China
| | - Yuanchen Zhang
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Inte-grated Utilization, Anyang, Henan, China
- Taihang Mountain Forest Pests Observation and Research Station of Henan Province, Linzhou, China
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Tang H, Zhang X, Yang F, Zhang C, Ngando FJ, Ren L, Guo Y. Effect of Ciprofloxacin on the Composition of Intestinal Microbiota in Sarcophaga peregrina (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Microorganisms 2023; 11:2867. [PMID: 38138011 PMCID: PMC10745613 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal bacteria of insects are crucial to the growth and development of the host. It has been found that various physiological processes of insects, such as immune response, metabolism, reproductive ability, and growth and development, involve the gastrointestinal flora. However, many external factors affect the composition of insects' intestinal microorganisms, such as the type of dietary substrate. Sarcophaga peregrina (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) is of great significance in medicine and forensic science. In this study, we investigated the effects of ciprofloxacin on the growth and gut microbiota of S. peregrina. The results demonstrated that the maximum body length of larvae was not affected by ciprofloxacin, while the growth rate of body length quickened as the concentration of the drug increased. The weight of the pupa and adult was reduced significantly due to the effect of ciprofloxacin. After analyzing the gut microbiota composition of S. peregrina in different drug groups, it was indicated that Ignatzschineria, Providencia, Wohlfahrtiimonas, Proteus, Myroides, and Bacteroides play important roles in the growth of S. peregrina. However, they still need to be further studied. In general, ciprofloxacin can affect the gut microbial community structure, which in turn affects the fitness of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Lipin Ren
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; (H.T.); (X.Z.); (F.Y.); (C.Z.); (F.J.N.)
| | - Yadong Guo
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; (H.T.); (X.Z.); (F.Y.); (C.Z.); (F.J.N.)
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Shao S, Yang L, Hu G, Li L, Wang Y, Tao L. Application of omics techniques in forensic entomology research. Acta Trop 2023; 246:106985. [PMID: 37473953 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.106985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
With the advent of the post-genome era, omics technologies have developed rapidly and are widely used, including in genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and microbiome research. These omics techniques are often based on comprehensive and systematic analysis of biological samples using high-throughput analysis methods and bioinformatics, to provide new insights into biological phenomena. Currently, omics techniques are gradually being applied to forensic entomology research and are useful in species identification, phylogenetics, screening for developmentally relevant differentially expressed genes, and the interpretation of behavioral characteristics of forensic-related species at the genetic level. These all provide valuable information for estimating the postmortem interval (PMI). This review mainly discusses the available omics techniques, summarizes the application of omics techniques in forensic entomology, and their future in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipeng Shao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Soochow University, Ganjiang East Road, Suzhou, China
| | - Lijun Yang
- Criminal Police Branch, Suzhou Public Security Bureau, Renmin Road, Suzhou, China
| | - Gengwang Hu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Soochow University, Ganjiang East Road, Suzhou, China
| | - Liangliang Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Soochow University, Ganjiang East Road, Suzhou, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Soochow University, Ganjiang East Road, Suzhou, China.
| | - Luyang Tao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Soochow University, Ganjiang East Road, Suzhou, China
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Monyama MC, Taioe OM, Nkhebenyane JS, van Wyk D, Ramatla T, Thekisoe OMM. Bacterial Communities Associated with Houseflies ( Musca domestica L.) Inhabiting Hospices in South Africa. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1440. [PMID: 37374941 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Houseflies are alleged reservoirs as well as vectors of human and animal pathogens, including bacteria, because they frequently have contact with animal excreta and decaying organic substances. The rapid adaptation process of ingested microbes in the insect gut may involve gene transfer, including antibiotic resistance determinants among different bacterial strains. Six hundred and fifty-seven (n = 657) houseflies were collected from hospices and were identified morphologically and genetically using the 16S rRNA, CO1, and ITS2 barcoding genes. This study also characterized the bacterial communities harboured by the captured houseflies using 16S rRNA metabarcoding on the next-generation sequencing (NGS) platform and further sought to detect antibiotic resistance traits by using gene-specific PCR assays. Generated sequences for the targeted gene fragments matched with Musca domestica and all the sequences were deposited to the GenBank database. The 16S rRNA metabarcoding analysis revealed that the most abundant phyla detected with variable abundance observed among all the houseflies were Proteobacteria, followed by Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes. Furthermore, the NGS data revealed the presence of multiple bacterial genera, including Providencia, Enterobacter, Dysgonomonas, Escherichia-Shigella, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, and Streptococcus, which are known to harbour potentially pathogenic species of animals and humans. Antibiotic resistance genes detected from the housefly DNA in this study included ermB, tetA, blaSHV, and blaTEM. Moreover, these genes are associated with resistance to erythromycin, tetracycline, and beta-lactams antibiotics, respectively. The presence of bacterial pathogens and the detection of antibiotic resistance genes from the houseflies collected from the hospices indicates the possible health risk to patients in hospices and the surrounding community. Therefore, it is imperative to keep high standards of hygiene, food preparation, safety, and control of houseflies in hospices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maropeng C Monyama
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida 1710, South Africa
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Oriel M Taioe
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
- Epidemiology, Parasites and Vectors, Agricultural Research Council-Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Pretoria 0110, South Africa
| | - Jane S Nkhebenyane
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Deidre van Wyk
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Tsepo Ramatla
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Oriel M M Thekisoe
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
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Bambaradeniya YTB, Magni PA, Dadour IR. Traumatic sheep myiasis: A review of the current understanding. Vet Parasitol 2023; 314:109853. [PMID: 36577285 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2022.109853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Myiasis, or the infestation of live humans and vertebrate animals by dipterous larvae, is a health issue worldwide. The economic impact and potential threat to animal health and wellbeing of this disease under the animal husbandry sector is considerable. Sheep are a highly vulnerable livestock category exposed to myiasis (sheep strike), due to several unique predisposing factors that attract flies. The successful mitigation of this disease relies on a thorough understanding of fly population dynamics associated with the change in weather patterns and the evaluation of this disease through different branches of science such as chemistry, molecular biology, and microbiology. The present review provides a summary of the existing knowledge of strike in sheep, discussed in relation to the application of volatile organic compounds, metagenomics, and molecular biology, and their use regarding implementing fly control strategies such as traps, and to increase the resilience of sheep to this disease through improving their health and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y T B Bambaradeniya
- Discipline of Medical, Molecular & Forensic Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - P A Magni
- Discipline of Medical, Molecular & Forensic Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia; Murdoch University Singapore, King's Centre, Singapore.
| | - I R Dadour
- Discipline of Medical, Molecular & Forensic Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia; Source Certain, PO Box 1570, Wangara DC, Western Australia 6947, Australia.
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Barrett TA, Yuan FL, Garraway E. Distinguishing Four Calliphoridae Species (Diptera) from Jamaica Using the Cephalopharyngeal Skeleton: Application to Forensic Investigations. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 51:830-839. [PMID: 36331802 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-022-00993-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Flies of the family Calliphoridae, commonly called blow flies, are important in the decomposition process. Knowledge on their succession pattern on corpses, species identification and the duration of their life cycle stages can be useful in forensic investigations especially when estimating the post-mortem interval. We performed linear-based morphometrics on the cephalopharyngeal skeleton of four blow fly species found in Jamaica to distinguish species and determine larval development stage. We collected eggs from pigs' heads used as bait in the field and conducted rearing exercises in the laboratory. We used the internal skeletonized structure, the cephalopharyngeal skeleton, to develop a practical and efficient method for species identification. For the first instar, we found species can be differentiated using all the measurements analysed in the study. We found that the mouth hook length may be useful in distinguishing larvae in the second instar. For the larvae in the third instar, the whole length of the skeleton, from mouth hook to length of the dorsal cornue, may be useful for separating species. We provide information on the cephalopharyngeal skeleton of Lucilia lucigerens (James), a blow fly species endemic to Jamaica, for the first time. Our work provides relevant information that could be utilized for species identification and life stage determination if fly evidence is to be incorporated in forensic investigations in Jamaica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taneisha Aneika Barrett
- School of Biological Sciences, The Univ of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
- Dept of Life Sciences, The Univ of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica.
| | - Félix Landry Yuan
- School of Biological Sciences, The Univ of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Eric Garraway
- Dept of Life Sciences, The Univ of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica
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Deel HL, Montoya S, King K, Emmons AL, Huhn C, Lynne AM, Metcalf JL, Bucheli SR. The microbiome of fly organs and fly-human microbial transfer during decomposition. Forensic Sci Int 2022; 340:111425. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2022.111425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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von Hoermann C, Weithmann S, Sikorski J, Nevo O, Szpila K, Grzywacz A, Grunwald JE, Reckel F, Overmann J, Steiger S, Ayasse M. Linking bacteria, volatiles and insects on carrion: the role of temporal and spatial factors regulating inter-kingdom communication via volatiles. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:220555. [PMID: 36061525 PMCID: PMC9428529 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.220555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Multi-kingdom community complexity and the chemically mediated dynamics between bacteria and insects have recently received increased attention in carrion research. However, the strength of these inter-kingdom interactions and the factors that regulate them are poorly studied. We used 75 piglet cadavers across three forest regions to survey the relationship between three actors (epinecrotic bacteria, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and flies) during the first 4 days of decomposition and the factors that regulate this interdependence. The results showed a dynamic bacterial change during decomposition (temperature-time index) and across the forest management gradient, but not between regions. Similarly, VOC emission was dynamic across a temperature-time index and the forest management gradient but did not differ between regions. However, fly occurrence was dynamic across both space and time. The strong interdependence between the three actors was mainly regulated by the temperature-time index and the study regions, thereby revealing regulation at temporal and spatial scales. Additionally, the actor interdependence was stable across a gradient of forest management intensity. By combining different actors of decomposition, we have expanded our knowledge of the holistic mechanisms regulating carrion community dynamics and inter-kingdom interactions, an important precondition for better describing food web dynamics and entire ecosystem functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian von Hoermann
- Department of Conservation and Research, Bavarian Forest National Park, Grafenau, Germany
| | - Sandra Weithmann
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Johannes Sikorski
- Department of Microbial Ecology and Diversity Research, Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Omer Nevo
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Szpila
- Department of Ecology and Biogeography, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Andrzej Grzywacz
- Department of Ecology and Biogeography, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Jan-Eric Grunwald
- Bavarian State Criminal Police Office, SG 204, Microtraces/Biology, 80636 Munich, Germany
| | - Frank Reckel
- Bavarian State Criminal Police Office, SG 204, Microtraces/Biology, 80636 Munich, Germany
| | - Jörg Overmann
- Department of Microbial Ecology and Diversity Research, Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sandra Steiger
- Department of Evolutionary Animal Ecology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Manfred Ayasse
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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Çelik T, Sevim A. Bacterial pathogens from Diprion pini L. (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) and their biocontrol potential. Biologia (Bratisl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-022-01161-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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10
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Borges AR, Teixeira ADD, Martínez LC, Dos Santos MH, Serrão JE. Protein and volatile contents in the mandibular gland of the sugarcane borer Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 110:e21904. [PMID: 35419839 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The sugarcane borer Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is an important sugarcane pest and mechanical injuries caused through the mandibles can allow pathogen infections. The mandibles of D. saccharalis, as well as other insects, are associated with mandibular glands with a possible function in food intake and mouthparts lubrication; however, the chemical composition of the secretion is poorly known and its elucidation is important for the comprehensive understanding of plant-insect interactions. This study characterized some proteins and volatiles in the mandibular glands of D. saccharalis larvae. MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry allowed the identification of 24 predicted proteins within 10 functional classes, including the transport and metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids, and nucleotides; Posttranslational protein modifications; energy conversion; intracellular trafficking; transcription; translation; and cytoskeleton function. Metabolites identified from GC/MS analysis revealed the presence of hydrocarbons classified as alcohols, ether, alkanes, and esters with differences in their relative abundance. Linolenic acid, the most abundant metabolite found in this gland, when conjugated with amino acids, can be an elicitor in the plant-herbivore interaction. The results suggest the occurrence of digestive and defensive biochemical components, which may contribute to understanding of the multifunctional roles of the mandibular gland secretion of D. saccharalis larvae during feeding activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex R Borges
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Luis Carlos Martínez
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcelo H Dos Santos
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - José Eduardo Serrão
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Bavani MM, Seyyedzadeh SJ, Radi E, Malekian A, Hoseinpour M, Gholizadeh S. Sterilization of Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae) Eggs for Maggot Debridement Therapy. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 59:1076-1080. [PMID: 35187572 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjac020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Maggot debridement therapy (MDT) is a therapy with the medical use of sterile fly larvae of certain species, particularly those within the Calliphoridae family including green bottle fly, Lucilia sericata (Meigan, Diptera: Calliphoridae), for treating chronically infected wounds and ulcers. Lucilia sericata flies were maintained under insectary conditions, and the eggs were sterilized using three treatments: hydrogen peroxide solutions, used as a hand disinfectant (Treatment 1-T1), hydrogen peroxide, surface disinfectant (Treatment 2-T2), and SaniHigene (Treatment 3-T3) and the control (without treatment). All three treatment caused the complete sterilization of eggs, and no bacterial colonies were found on the blood agar culture. The egg hatching rate after 72 h was much higher than after 24 h. Egg mortality in hydrogen peroxide solutions, T1 and T2, was 3-4% and less than in solution T3 (13%). Owing to less mortality and more sterility of the eggs, the aforementioned solutions are suggested to be appropriate for sterility in maggot therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mulood Mohammadi Bavani
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences , Urmia, Iran
| | - Seyyed Jaavad Seyyedzadeh
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences , Urmia, Iran
| | - Ehsan Radi
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Malekian
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdiyeh Hoseinpour
- Laboratory Sciences Department, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Saber Gholizadeh
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences , Urmia, Iran
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Music of metagenomics-a review of its applications, analysis pipeline, and associated tools. Funct Integr Genomics 2021; 22:3-26. [PMID: 34657989 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-021-00810-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This humble effort highlights the intricate details of metagenomics in a simple, poetic, and rhythmic way. The paper enforces the significance of the research area, provides details about major analytical methods, examines the taxonomy and assembly of genomes, emphasizes some tools, and concludes by celebrating the richness of the ecosystem populated by the "metagenome."
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Iancu L, Angelescu IR, Paun VI, Henríquez-Castillo C, Lavin P, Purcarea C. Microbiome pattern of Lucilia sericata (Meigen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and feeding substrate in the presence of the foodborne pathogen Salmonella enterica. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15296. [PMID: 34315964 PMCID: PMC8316364 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94761-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbial diversity and quantitative dynamics during the insect’s development stages constitute recently developed putative tools in forensic and medical studies. Meanwhile, little is known on the role of insects in spreading foodborne pathogenic bacteria and on the impact of these pathogens on the overall insects and feeding substrate microbiome composition. Here, we provide the first characterization of the bacterial communities harbored in adult and immature stages of Lucilia sericata, one of the first colonizers of decomposed human remains, in the presence of the foodborne pathogen Salmonella enterica using 16S rRNA Illumina sequencing and qPCR. The pathogen transmission from the wild adults to the second generation was observed, with a 101.25× quantitative increase. The microbial patterns from both insect and liver samples were not influenced by the artificial introduction of this pathogenic foodborne bacteria, being dominated by Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. Overall, our results provided a first detailed overview of the insect and decomposed substrate microbiome in the presence of a human pathogen, advancing the knowledge on the role of microbes as postmortem interval estimators and the transmission of pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia Iancu
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biology Bucharest of Romanian Academy, Splaiul Independentei, 296, 060031, Bucharest, Romania. .,Department of Criminal Justice, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, 58202, USA.
| | - Iulia Roxana Angelescu
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biology Bucharest of Romanian Academy, Splaiul Independentei, 296, 060031, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Victoria Ioana Paun
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biology Bucharest of Romanian Academy, Splaiul Independentei, 296, 060031, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carlos Henríquez-Castillo
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Genética Marina, Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas, 1781421, Coquimbo, Chile.,Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, 1781421, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Paris Lavin
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Recursos Biológicos, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile.,Laboratorio de Complejidad Microbiana y Ecología Funcional, Instituto Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Cristina Purcarea
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biology Bucharest of Romanian Academy, Splaiul Independentei, 296, 060031, Bucharest, Romania
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Ao Y, Yang C, Wang S, Hu Q, Yi L, Zhang J, Yu Z, Cai M, Yu C. Characteristics and nutrient function of intestinal bacterial communities in black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L.) larvae in livestock manure conversion. Microb Biotechnol 2021; 14:886-896. [PMID: 32449587 PMCID: PMC8085981 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential utility of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) to convert animal waste into harvested protein or lipid sources for feeding animal or producing biodiesel provides a new strategy for agricultural waste management. In this study, the taxonomic structure and potential metabolic and nutrient functions of the intestinal bacterial communities of BSFL were investigated in chicken and swine manure conversion systems. Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the dominant phyla in the BSFL gut in both the swine and chicken manure systems. After the larvae were fed manure, the proportion of Proteobacteria in their gut significantly decreased, while that of Bacteroidetes remarkably increased. Compared with the original intestinal bacterial community, approximately 90 and 109 new genera were observed in the BSFL gut during chicken and swine manure conversion, and at least half of the initial intestinal genera found remained in the gut during manure conversion. This result may be due to the presence of specialized crypts or paunches that promote microbial persistence and bacteria-host interactions. Ten core genera were found in all 21 samples, and the top three phyla among all of the communities in terms of relative abundance were Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. The nutrient elements (OM, TN, TP, TK and CF) of manure may partly affect the succession of gut bacterial communities with one another, while TN and CF are strongly positively correlated with the relative abundance of Providencia. Some bacterial taxa with the reported ability to synthesize amino acids, Rhizobiales, Burkholderia, Bacteroidales, etc., were also observed in the BSFL gut. Functional analysis based on genes showed that intestinal microbes potentially contribute to the nutrition of BSFL and the high-level amino acid metabolism may partly explain the biological mechanisms of protein accumulation in the BSFL body. These results are helpful in understanding the biological mechanisms of high-efficiency nutrient conversion in BSFL associated with intestinal microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme EngineeringSchool of Life SciencesHubei Engineering Research Center for Bio‐enzyme CatalysisHubei UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Chongrui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural MicrobiologyCollege of Life Science and TechnologyNational Engineering Research Centre of Microbial PesticidesHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Shengchen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme EngineeringSchool of Life SciencesHubei Engineering Research Center for Bio‐enzyme CatalysisHubei UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Qingyi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme EngineeringSchool of Life SciencesHubei Engineering Research Center for Bio‐enzyme CatalysisHubei UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Li Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme EngineeringSchool of Life SciencesHubei Engineering Research Center for Bio‐enzyme CatalysisHubei UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Jibin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural MicrobiologyCollege of Life Science and TechnologyNational Engineering Research Centre of Microbial PesticidesHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Ziniu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural MicrobiologyCollege of Life Science and TechnologyNational Engineering Research Centre of Microbial PesticidesHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Minmin Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural MicrobiologyCollege of Life Science and TechnologyNational Engineering Research Centre of Microbial PesticidesHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Chan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme EngineeringSchool of Life SciencesHubei Engineering Research Center for Bio‐enzyme CatalysisHubei UniversityWuhanChina
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15
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Nadrah K, Biškup UG, Špik VC, Premru MM, Šoba B. Ignatzschineria larvae Bacteremia Following Lucilia sp. Myiasis in an Irregular Migrant: A Case Report. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2021; 59:159-165. [PMID: 33951772 PMCID: PMC8106986 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2021.59.2.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Bacteremia induced by wound myiasis is uncommon and therefore rarely suspected by clinicians when treating patients with neglected wounds. We present a case of Ignatzschineria larvae bacteremia as a complication of Lucilia sp. maggot wound myiasis in a young male migrant. This is the first reported human case of Ignatzschineria bacteremia in Slovenia and one of the 2 described in the literature where the fly larvae infesting the wounds of the patient with Ignatzschineria bacteremia were not only suspected to be Lucilia sp. but also entomologically identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Nadrah
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Japljeva 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Urška Glinšek Biškup
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vesna Cvitković Špik
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Manica Müller Premru
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Barbara Šoba
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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16
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Cartozzo C, Singh B, Swall J, Simmons T. Postmortem submersion interval (PMSI) estimation from the microbiome of sus scrofa bone in a freshwater lake. J Forensic Sci 2021; 66:1334-1347. [PMID: 33818789 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.14692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
While many studies have developed microbial succession-based models for the prediction of postmortem interval (PMI) in terrestrial systems, similar well-replicated long-term decomposition studies are lacking for aquatic systems. Therefore, this study sought to identify temporal changes in bacterial community structure associated with porcine skeletal remains (n = 198) for an extended period in a fresh water lake. Every ca. 250 ADD, one cage, containing 5 ribs and 5 scapulae, was removed from the lake for a total of nineteen collections. Water was also sampled at each interval. Variable region 4 (V4) of 16S rDNA was amplified and sequenced for all collected samples using Illumina MiSeq FGx Sequencing platform; resulting data were analyzed with the mothur (v1.39.5) and R (v3.6.0). Bacterial communities associated with ribs differed significantly from those associated with scapulae. This difference was mainly attributed to Clostridia, Holophagae, and Spirochaete relative abundances. For each bone type, α-diversity increased with ADD; similarly, β-diversity bacterial community structure changed significantly with ADD and were explained using environmental parameters and inferred functional pathways. Models developed using 24 rib and 34 scapula family-level taxa allowed the prediction of PMSI with root mean square error of 522.97 ADD (~57 days) and 333.8 ADD (~37 days), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Cartozzo
- Integrative Life Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Baneshwar Singh
- Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jenise Swall
- Department of Statistical Sciences and Operations Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Tal Simmons
- Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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17
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Jose PA, Ben-Yosef M, Lahuatte P, Causton CE, Heimpel GE, Jurkevitch E, Yuval B. Shifting microbiomes complement life stage transitions and diet of the bird parasite Philornis downsi from the Galapagos Islands. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:5014-5029. [PMID: 33587780 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Domestication disconnects an animal from its natural environment and diet, imposing changes in the attendant microbial community. We examine these changes in Philornis downsi (Muscidae), an invasive parasitic fly of land birds in the Galapagos Islands. Using a 16S rDNA profiling approach we studied the microbiome of larvae and adults of wild and laboratory-reared populations. These populations diverged in their microbiomes, significantly more so in larval than in adult flies. In field-collected second-instar larvae, Klebsiella (70.3%) was the most abundant taxon, while in the laboratory Ignatzschineria and Providencia made up 89.2% of the community. In adults, Gilliamella and Dysgonomonas were key members of the core microbiome of field-derived females and males but had no or very low representation in the laboratory. Adult flies harbour sex-specific microbial consortia in their gut, as male core microbiomes were significantly dominated by Klebsiella. Thus, P. downsi microbiomes are dynamic and shift correspondingly with life cycle and diet. Sex-specific foraging behaviour of adult flies and nest conditions, which are absent in the laboratory, may contribute to shaping distinct larval, and adult male and female microbiomes. We discuss these findings in the context of microbe-host co-evolution and the implications for control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polpass Arul Jose
- Faculty of Agriculture Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 7612001, Israel
| | - Michael Ben-Yosef
- Department of Entomology, Agricultural Research Organization, Gilat Center, M. P. Negev, 85280, Israel
| | - Paola Lahuatte
- Charles Darwin Research Station, Charles Darwin Foundation, Puerto Ayora, Galapagos, 200350, Ecuador
| | - Charlotte E Causton
- Charles Darwin Research Station, Charles Darwin Foundation, Puerto Ayora, Galapagos, 200350, Ecuador
| | - George E Heimpel
- Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, 1980 Folwell Avenue, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Edouard Jurkevitch
- Faculty of Agriculture Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 7612001, Israel
| | - Boaz Yuval
- Faculty of Agriculture Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 7612001, Israel
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18
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Li H, Zhang S, Liu R, Yuan L, Wu D, Yang E, Yang H, Ullah S, Ishaq HM, Liu H, Wang Z, Xu J. Potential use of molecular and structural characterization of the gut bacterial community for postmortem interval estimation in Sprague Dawley rats. Sci Rep 2021; 11:225. [PMID: 33420339 PMCID: PMC7794466 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80633-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Once the body dies, the indigenous microbes of the host begin to break down the body from the inside and play a key role thereafter. This study aimed to investigate the probable shift in the composition of the rectal microbiota at different time intervals up to 15 days after death and to explore bacterial taxa important for estimating the time since death. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes showed major shifts when checked at 11 different intervals and emerged at most of the postmortem intervals. At the species level, Enterococcus faecalis and Proteus mirabilis showed a downward and upward trend, respectively, after day 5 postmortem. The phylum-, family-, genus-, and species-taxon richness decreased initially and then increased considerably. The turning point occurred on day 9, when the genus, rather than the phylum, family, or species, provided the most information for estimating the time since death. We constructed a prediction model using genus-level data from high-throughput sequencing, and seven bacterial taxa, namely, Enterococcus, Proteus, Lactobacillus, unidentified Clostridiales, Vagococcus, unidentified Corynebacteriaceae, and unidentified Enterobacteriaceae, were included in this model. The abovementioned bacteria showed potential for estimating the shortest time since death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Siruo Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Ruina Liu
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Lu Yuan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Di Wu
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - E Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Han Yang
- Xi'an Chest Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Shakir Ullah
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Hailong Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhenyuan Wang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Jiru Xu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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19
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Gasz NE, Geary MJ, Doggett SL, Harvey ML. Bacterial association observations in Lucilia sericata and Lucilia cuprina organs through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:1091-1106. [PMID: 33415370 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-11026-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Blowfly (Diptera: Calliphoridae) species Lucilia sericata (Meigen) and related species Lucilia cuprina (Wiedmann) are important agricultural pests, assist in forensic fields and also have a therapeutic role in medicine. Both species (though predominantly L. sericata) are utilised in a clinical setting for maggot debridement therapy (MDT) where the larvae ingest necrotic tissue and bacteria from non-healing wounds. Conversely, larvae of L. cuprina feed invasively, as major initiators of sheep myiasis in Australia, New Zealand, and the UK, among other regions. Both species exhibit larval and adult interactions with bacterially rich environments, but the significance of this in the composition of their microbiome has yet to be considered. This study utilised dissected samples of digestive and reproductive organs from both disinfected and non-disinfected adults and larvae of both species for bacterial DNA extraction, followed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Sequencing data indicated unsurprisingly that digestive tracts of both genders and female salivary glands from all non-disinfected samples carry the most concentrated amounts of bacteria. Genera Pseudomonas and Corynebacterium were also highly represented within all organs and species analysed. Comparison of bait lures to sample sequence read output of insect specimens showed no correlation with genera such as Pseudomonas present in insects, while absent from wild bait, and in reduced amounts from fleece bait profiles. With this information, future work can focus on key organs such as the spermathecae and salivary glands, while also providing the potential to identify the role these bacteria may play in the blowfly life cycle. KEY POINTS: Genera Pseudomonas appears consistently in the microbiome of Lucilia species. Female spermathecae and salivary glands show the highest microbial diversity. Bacterial profiles of L. sericata and L. cuprina have similar composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Gasz
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds Campus, 75 Pigdons Road, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia.
| | - M J Geary
- Department of Medical Entomology, NSW Health Pathology - ICPMR, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - S L Doggett
- Department of Medical Entomology, NSW Health Pathology - ICPMR, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - M L Harvey
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds Campus, 75 Pigdons Road, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
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20
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Velho MC, Cossetin LF, Godoi SND, Santos RCV, Gündel A, Monteiro SG, Ourique AF. Nanobiopesticides: development and inseticidal activity of nanoemulsions containing lemongrass or eucalyptus oils. Nat Prod Res 2020; 35:6210-6215. [PMID: 33307816 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1837809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The bioinsecticides, like essential oils, are a promising alternative in pest control. However, these oils have some limitations, such as instability and low solubility. These limitations can be circumvented through nanotechnology, with the nanoemulsification of these compounds. Therefore, the objective of this study was to prepare, characterize and explore the insecticidal activity against adult flies of nanoemulsions containing essential oil of lemongrass or eucalyptus. The nanoemulsions were prepared by the high-energy method and presented droplet size smaller than 125 nm, with polydispersity index of 0.2, pH acid and spherical morphology. The insecticidal activity was evaluated by the Topical Application Method and Exposure Impregnated Paper Exposure, where it was possible to demonstrate a potential insecticidal effect of lemongrass oil in the concentrations of 10, 30 and 50 µL/mL against Musca domestica and Lucilia cuprina and the potentiation of this effect when nanoemulsified this oil against L. cuprina.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luciana Filippin Cossetin
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | | | - André Gündel
- Laboratory of Atomic Force Microscopy, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Bage, Brazil
| | - Silvia Gonzalez Monteiro
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
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21
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Gold M, von Allmen F, Zurbrügg C, Zhang J, Mathys A. Identification of Bacteria in Two Food Waste Black Soldier Fly Larvae Rearing Residues. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:582867. [PMID: 33329446 PMCID: PMC7719680 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.582867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant economic, environmental, and social impacts are associated with the avoidable disposal of foods worldwide. Mass-rearing of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae using organic wastes and food- and agro-industry side products is promising for recycling resources within the food system. One current challenge of this approach is ensuring a reliable and high conversion performance of larvae with inherently variable substrates. Research has been devoted to increasing rearing performance by optimizing substrate nutrient contents and ratios, while the potential of the substrate and larval gut microbiota to increase rearing performance remains untapped. Since previous research has focused on gut microbiota, here, we describe bacterial dynamics in the residue (i.e., the mixture of frass and substrate) of black soldier fly larvae reared on two food wastes (i.e., canteen and household waste). To identify members of the substrate and residue microbiota, potentially associated with rearing performance, bacterial dynamics were also studied in the canteen waste without larvae, and after inactivation by irradiation of the initial microbiota in canteen waste. The food waste substrates had similar microbiota; both were dominated by common lactic acid bacteria. Inactivation of the canteen waste microbiota, which was dominated by Leuconostoc, Bacillus, and Staphylococcus, decreased the levels of all rearing performance indicators by 31-46% relative to canteen waste with the native microbiota. In both food waste substrates, larval rearing decreased the bacterial richness and changed the physicochemical residue properties and composition over the rearing period of 12 days, and typical members of the larval intestinal microbiota (i.e., Providencia, Dysgonomonas, Morganella, and Proteus) became more abundant, suggesting their transfer into the residue through excretions. Future studies should isolate members of these taxa and elucidate their true potential to influence black soldier fly mass-rearing performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Gold
- Sustainable Food Processing Laboratory, Department of Health Science and Technology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department Sanitation, Water and Solid Waste for Development (Sandec), Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne von Allmen
- Sustainable Food Processing Laboratory, Department of Health Science and Technology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department Sanitation, Water and Solid Waste for Development (Sandec), Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Christian Zurbrügg
- Department Sanitation, Water and Solid Waste for Development (Sandec), Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Jibin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Alexander Mathys
- Sustainable Food Processing Laboratory, Department of Health Science and Technology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
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22
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Cartozzo C, Simmons T, Swall J, Singh B. Postmortem submersion interval (PMSI) estimation from the microbiome of Sus scrofa bone in a freshwater river. Forensic Sci Int 2020; 318:110480. [PMID: 33214010 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Due to inherent differences between terrestrial and aquatic systems, methods for estimating the postmortem interval (PMI) are not directly applicable to remains recovered from water. Recent studies have explored the use of microbial succession for estimating the postmortem submersion interval (PMSI); however, a non-disturbed, highly replicated and long-term aquatic decomposition study in a freshwater river has not been performed. In this study, porcine skeletal remains (N = 200) were submerged in a freshwater river from November 2017-2018 (6322 accumulated degree days (ADD)/353 days) to identify changes and successional patterns in bacterial communities. One cage (e.g., 5 ribs and 5 scapulae) was collected approximately every 250 ADD for twenty-four collections; baseline samples never exposed to water acted as controls. Variable region 4 (V4) of 16S rDNA, was amplified and sequenced via the Illumina MiSeq FGx sequencing platform. Resulting sequences were analyzed using mothur (v1.39.5) and R (v3.6.0). The abundances of bacterial communities differed significantly between sample types. These differences in relative abundance were attributed to Clostridia, Holophagae and Gammaproteobacteria. Phylogenetic diversity increased with ADD for each bone type; comparably, β-diversity bacterial community structure ordinated chronologically, which was explained with environmental parameters and inferred functional pathways. Models fit using rib samples provided a tighter prediction interval than scapulae, with a prediction of PMSI with root mean square error of within 472.31 (∼27 days) and 498.47 (∼29 days), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Cartozzo
- Integrative Life Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States; Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.
| | - Tal Simmons
- Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Jenise Swall
- Department of Statistical Sciences and Operations Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Baneshwar Singh
- Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
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23
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Sontowski R, van Dam NM. Functional Variation in Dipteran Gut Bacterial Communities in Relation to Their Diet, Life Cycle Stage and Habitat. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11080543. [PMID: 32824605 PMCID: PMC7469148 DOI: 10.3390/insects11080543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Like in many other organisms, the guts of insects are full with many different bacteria. These bacteria can help their hosts to overcome toxic diets or can boost their resistance to pathogens. We were curious to learn which factors determine the composition of gut bacterial communities (GBCs) in true flies and mosquitoes, which belong to the order Diptera. We searched for research papers reporting on GBCs in these insects. Using these published data, we investigated whether the GBCs are species-specific, or whether they are determined by the diet, life stage or environment of the host insect. We found that the GBCs in larvae and adults of the same insect species can be very different. Insects on similar diets did not necessarily show similar GBCs. This made us conclude that GBCs are mostly life stage-specific. However, we found that the number of data papers we could use is limited; more data are needed to strengthen our conclusion. Lastly, novel DNA technologies can show ‘who is there’ in GBCs. At the same time, we lack knowledge on the exact function of gut bacteria. Obtaining more knowledge on the function of GBCs may help to design sustainable pest control measures. Abstract True flies and mosquitos (Diptera) live in habitats and consume diets that pose specific demands on their gut bacterial communities (GBCs). Due to diet specializations, dipterans may have highly diverse and species-specific GBCs. Dipterans are also confronted with changes in habitat and food sources over their lifetime, especially during life history processes (molting, metamorphosis). This may prevent the development of a constant species- or diet-specific GBC. Some dipterans are vectors of several human pathogens (e.g., malaria), which interact with GBCs. In this review, we explore the dynamics that shape GBC composition in some Diptera species on the basis of published datasets of GBCs. We thereby focus on the effects of diet, habitats, and life cycle stages as sources of variation in GBC composition. The GBCs reported were more stage-specific than species- or diet-specific. Even though the presence of GBCs has a large impact on the performance of their hosts, the exact functions of GBCs and their interactions with other organisms are still largely unknown, mainly due to the low number of studies to date. Increasing our knowledge on dipteran GBCs will help to design pest management strategies for the reduction of insecticide resistance, as well as for human pathogen control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekka Sontowski
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
- Institute for Biodiversity, Friedrich-Schiller University, Dornburger Str. 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Nicole M. van Dam
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
- Institute for Biodiversity, Friedrich-Schiller University, Dornburger Str. 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
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24
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Revilla-Guarinos A, Zhang Q, Loderer C, Alcántara C, Müller A, Rahnamaeian M, Vilcinskas A, Gebhard S, Zúñiga M, Mascher T. ABC Transporter DerAB of Lactobacillus casei Mediates Resistance against Insect-Derived Defensins. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:e00818-20. [PMID: 32414796 PMCID: PMC7357469 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00818-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Bce-like systems mediate resistance against antimicrobial peptides in Firmicutes bacteria. Lactobacillus casei BL23 encodes an "orphan" ABC transporter that, based on homology to BceAB-like systems, was proposed to contribute to antimicrobial peptide resistance. A mutant lacking the permease subunit was tested for sensitivity against a collection of peptides derived from bacteria, fungi, insects, and humans. Our results show that the transporter specifically conferred resistance against insect-derived cysteine-stabilized αβ defensins, and it was therefore renamed DerAB for defensin resistance ABC transporter. Surprisingly, cells lacking DerAB showed a marked increase in resistance against the lantibiotic nisin. This could be explained by significantly increased expression of the antimicrobial peptide resistance determinants regulated by the Bce-like systems PsdRSAB (formerly module 09) and ApsRSAB (formerly module 12). Bacterial two-hybrid studies in Escherichia coli showed that DerB could interact with proteins of the sensory complex in the Psd resistance system. We therefore propose that interaction of DerAB with this complex in the cell creates signaling interference and reduces the cell's potential to mount an effective nisin resistance response. In the absence of DerB, this negative interference is relieved, leading to the observed hyperactivation of the Psd module and thus increased resistance to nisin. Our results unravel the function of a previously uncharacterized Bce-like orphan resistance transporter with pleiotropic biological effects on the cell.IMPORTANCE Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) play an important role in suppressing the growth of microorganisms. They can be produced by bacteria themselves-to inhibit competitors-but are also widely distributed in higher eukaryotes, including insects and mammals, where they form an important component of innate immunity. In low-GC-content Gram-positive bacteria, BceAB-like transporters play a crucial role in AMP resistance but have so far been primarily associated with interbacterial competition. Here, we show that the orphan transporter DerAB from the lactic acid bacterium Lactobacillus casei is crucial for high-level resistance against insect-derived AMPs. It therefore represents an important mechanism for interkingdom defense. Furthermore, our results support a signaling interference from DerAB on the PsdRSAB module that might prevent the activation of a full nisin response. The Bce modules from L. casei BL23 illustrate a biological paradox in which the intrinsic nisin detoxification potential only arises in the absence of a defensin-specific ABC transporter.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qian Zhang
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christoph Loderer
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Cristina Alcántara
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Ariane Müller
- Institut für Zoologie, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mohammad Rahnamaeian
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Department of Bioresources, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Vilcinskas
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Department of Bioresources, Giessen, Germany
- Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Susanne Gebhard
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Milner Centre for Evolution, University of Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Zúñiga
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Thorsten Mascher
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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25
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McCabe RA, Receveur JP, Houtz JL, Thomas KL, Benbow ME, Pechal JL, Wallace JR. Characterizing the microbiome of ectoparasitic louse flies feeding on migratory raptors. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234050. [PMID: 32497084 PMCID: PMC7271990 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Louse flies (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) are obligate ectoparasites that often cause behavioral, pathogenic, and evolutionary effects on their hosts. Interactions between ectoparasites and avian hosts, especially migrating taxa, may influence avian pathogen spread in tropical and temperate ecosystems and affect long-term survival, fitness and reproductive success. The purpose of this study was to characterize the vector-associated microbiome of ectoparasitic louse flies feeding on migrating raptors over the fall migration period. Surveys for louse flies occurred during fall migration (2015-2016) at a banding station in Pennsylvania, United States; flies were collected from seven species of migrating raptors, and we sequenced their microbial (bacteria and archaea) composition using high-throughput targeted amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene (V4 region). All louse flies collected belonged to the same species, Icosta americana. Our analysis revealed no difference in bacterial communities of louse flies retrieved from different avian host species. The louse fly microbiome was dominated by a primary endosymbiont, suggesting that louse flies maintain a core microbial structure despite receiving blood meals from different host species. Thus, our findings highlight the importance of characterizing both beneficial and potentially pathogenic endosymbionts when interpreting how vector-associated microbiomes may impact insect vectors and their avian hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A. McCabe
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail: (RAM); (JRW)
| | - Joseph P. Receveur
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L. Houtz
- Department of Biology, Millersville University, Millersville, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Kayli L. Thomas
- Department of Biology, Millersville University, Millersville, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - M. Eric Benbow
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L. Pechal
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - John R. Wallace
- Department of Biology, Millersville University, Millersville, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RAM); (JRW)
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26
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Iancu L, Necula-Petrareanu G, Purcarea C. Potential bacterial biomarkers for insect colonization in forensic cases: preliminary quantitative data on Wohlfahrtiimonas chitiniclastica and Ignatzschineria indica dynamics. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8497. [PMID: 32444702 PMCID: PMC7244533 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65471-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
For the last decades, forensic microbiology became an emerging complementary tool in criminalistics. Although the insect-microbe interactions regarding pathogen transmission were extensively studied, only scarce information is available on bacterial transfer from necrophagous insects to host tissues. Our data provides the first report on the occurrence of Wohlfahrtiimonas chitiniclastica and Ignatzschineria indica in Lucilia illustris Meigen, 1826 (Diptera: Calliphoridae), and the quantitative dynamics of the two bacterial species along the insect life-stages and transfer to beef and pork host tissues using qPCR gyrase b specific primers. The content of both bacterial species increased along the insect life stages. W. chitiniclastica was detected in all developmental stages independent of the feeding substrate. I. indica was measurable with 102 gene copies ng−1 DNA threshold starting from the third instar larvae when feeding on beef, and from the egg stage with a 102× higher representation when using the pork substrate. The transfer of bacterial species to both tissues occurred after 3 colonization days except for I. indica that was visible in beef liver only during day 5. Considering the utilization of pork tissues as human analogues, these quantitative microbial dynamics data provides first insect-specific bacterial candidates as potential colonization biomarkers in forensic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia Iancu
- Institute of Biology Bucharest of Romanian Academy, Splaiul Independentei, 296, 060031, Bucharest, Romania.
| | | | - Cristina Purcarea
- Institute of Biology Bucharest of Romanian Academy, Splaiul Independentei, 296, 060031, Bucharest, Romania
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Maleki-Ravasan N, Ahmadi N, Soroushzadeh Z, Raz AA, Zakeri S, Dinparast Djadid N. New Insights Into Culturable and Unculturable Bacteria Across the Life History of Medicinal Maggots Lucilia sericata (Meigen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Front Microbiol 2020; 11:505. [PMID: 32322242 PMCID: PMC7156559 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of the nutritional ecology of dung- and carrion-feeding, bacteria are the integral part of Lucilia sericata life cycle. Nevertheless, the disinfected larvae of the blowfly are applied to treat human chronic wounds in a biosurgery named maggot debridement therapy (MDT). To realize the effects of location/diet on the gut bacteria, to infer the role of bacteria in the blowfly ecology plus in the MDT process, and to disclose bacteria circulating horizontally in and vertically between generations, bacterial communities associated with L. sericata specimens from various sources were investigated using culture-based and culture-independent methods. In total, 265 bacteria, including 20 families, 28 genera, and 40 species, were identified in many sources of the L. sericata. Culture-dependent method identified a number of 144 bacterial isolates, including 21 species, in flies reared in an insectary; specimens were collected from the field, and third-instar larvae retrieved from chronic wounds of patients. Metagenetic approach exposed the occurrences of 121 operational taxonomic units comprising of 32 bacterial species from immature and adult stages of L. sericata. Gammaproteobacteria was distinguished as the dominant class of bacteria by both methods. Bacteria came into the life cycle of L. sericata over the foods and transovarially infected eggs. Enterococcus faecalis, Myroides phaeus, Proteus species, Providencia vermicola, and Serratia marcescens were exchanged among individuals via transstadial transmission. Factors, including diets, feeding status, identification tool, gut compartment, and life stage, governed the bacteria species. Herein, we reemphasized that L. sericata is thoroughly connected to the bacteria both in numerous gut compartments and in different life stages. Among all, transstadially transmitted bacteria are underlined, indicating the lack of antagonistic effect of the larval excretions/secretions on these resident bacteria. While the culture-dependent method generated useful data on the viable aerobic gut bacteria, metagenomic method enabled us to identify bacteria directly from the tissues without any need for cultivation and to facilitate the identification of anaerobic and unculturable bacteria. These findings are planned to pave the way for further research to determine the role of each bacterial species/strain in the insect ecology, as well as in antimicrobial, antibiofilm, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naseh Maleki-Ravasan
- Malaria and Vector Research Group, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Parasitology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nahid Ahmadi
- Malaria and Vector Research Group, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Soroushzadeh
- Malaria and Vector Research Group, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Ali Raz
- Malaria and Vector Research Group, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Zakeri
- Malaria and Vector Research Group, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Navid Dinparast Djadid
- Malaria and Vector Research Group, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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28
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Uriel Y, Gries R, Tu L, Carroll C, Zhai H, Moore M, Gries G. The fly factor phenomenon is mediated by interkingdom signaling between bacterial symbionts and their blow fly hosts. INSECT SCIENCE 2020; 27:256-265. [PMID: 30047567 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We tested the recent hypothesis that the "fly factor" phenomenon (food currently or previously fed on by flies attracts more flies than the same type of food kept inaccessible to flies) is mediated by bacterial symbionts deposited with feces or regurgitated by feeding flies. We allowed laboratory-reared black blow flies, Phormia regina (Meigen), to feed and defecate on bacterial Luria-Bertani medium solidified with agar, and isolated seven morphologically distinct bacterial colonies. We identified these using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. In two-choice laboratory experiments, traps baited with cultures of Proteus mirabilis Hauser, Morganella morganii subsp. sibonii Jensen, or Serratia marcescens Bizio, captured significantly more flies than corresponding control jars baited with tryptic soy agar only. A mixture of seven bacterial strains as a trap bait was more attractive to flies than a single bacterial isolate (M. m. sibonii). In a field experiment, traps baited with agar cultures of P. mirabilis and M. m. sibonii in combination captured significantly more flies than traps baited with either bacterial isolate alone or the agar control. As evident by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, the odor profiles of bacterial isolates differ, which may explain the additive effect of bacteria to the attractiveness of bacterial trap baits. As "generalist bacteria," P. mirabilis and M. m. sibonii growing on animal protein (beef liver) or plant protein (tofu) are similarly effective in attracting flies. Bacteria-derived airborne semiochemicals appear to mediate foraging by flies and to inform their feeding and oviposition decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonathan Uriel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Regine Gries
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lorna Tu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Cassandra Carroll
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Huimin Zhai
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Margo Moore
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gerhard Gries
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
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29
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Garrido-Sanz L, Senar MÀ, Piñol J. Estimation of the relative abundance of species in artificial mixtures of insects using low-coverage shotgun metagenomics. METABARCODING AND METAGENOMICS 2020. [DOI: 10.3897/mbmg.4.48281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amplicon metabarcoding is an established technique to analyse the taxonomic composition of communities of organisms using high-throughput DNA sequencing, but there are doubts about its ability to quantify the relative proportions of the species, as opposed to the species list. Here, we bypass the enrichment step and avoid the PCR-bias, by directly sequencing the extracted DNA using shotgun metagenomics. This approach is common practice in prokaryotes, but not in eukaryotes, because of the low number of sequenced genomes of eukaryotic species. We tested the metagenomics approach using insect species whose genome is already sequenced and assembled to an advanced degree. We shotgun-sequenced, at low-coverage, 18 species of insects in 22 single-species and 6 mixed-species libraries and mapped the reads against 110 reference genomes of insects. We used the single-species libraries to calibrate the process of assignation of reads to species and the libraries created from species mixtures to evaluate the ability of the method to quantify the relative species abundance. Our results showed that the shotgun metagenomic method is easily able to set apart closely-related insect species, like four species of Drosophila included in the artificial libraries. However, to avoid the counting of rare misclassified reads in samples, it was necessary to use a rather stringent detection limit of 0.001, so species with a lower relative abundance are ignored. We also identified that approximately half the raw reads were informative for taxonomic purposes. Finally, using the mixed-species libraries, we showed that it was feasible to quantify with confidence the relative abundance of individual species in the mixtures.
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30
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Chen B, Liu M, Rubenstein DR, Sun S, Liu J, Lin Y, Shen S. A chemically triggered transition from conflict to cooperation in burying beetles. Ecol Lett 2020; 23:467-475. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.13445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo‐Fei Chen
- Biodiversity Research Center Academia Sinica Taipei 11529 Taiwan
| | - Mark Liu
- Biodiversity Research Center Academia Sinica Taipei 11529 Taiwan
| | - Dustin R. Rubenstein
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology Columbia University 1200 Amsterdam Avenue New York NY 10027 USA
| | - Syuan‐Jyun Sun
- Biodiversity Research Center Academia Sinica Taipei 11529 Taiwan
| | - Jian‐Nan Liu
- Biodiversity Research Center Academia Sinica Taipei 11529 Taiwan
| | - Yu‐Heng Lin
- Biodiversity Research Center Academia Sinica Taipei 11529 Taiwan
| | - Sheng‐Feng Shen
- Biodiversity Research Center Academia Sinica Taipei 11529 Taiwan
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31
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Deguenon JM, Travanty N, Zhu J, Carr A, Denning S, Reiskind MH, Watson DW, Michael Roe R, Ponnusamy L. Exogenous and endogenous microbiomes of wild-caught Phormia regina (Diptera: Calliphoridae) flies from a suburban farm by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20365. [PMID: 31889104 PMCID: PMC6937299 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56733-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The black blow fly, Phormia regina (Meigen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) is one of the most abundant carrion flies in North America. Calliphorids are important in agriculture and animal production, veterinary sciences, forensics and medical entomology. While the role of flies in the epidemiology of human and animal diseases is an active area of research, little is known about the microorganisms associated with these insects. We examined the diversity of wild-caught black blow fly endogenous (internal body) and exogenous (external body) microbial communities using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Overall, 27 phyla, 171 families and 533 genera were detected, and diversity was significantly higher (P < 0.05) on external body surfaces. At the genus level, Dysgonomonas, Ignatzschineria, Acinetobacter, Vagococcus, Myroides, and Wohlfahrtiimonas were predominant. Cloning and sequencing of nearly full-length fragments of the 16S rRNA gene showed that some of the species identified are known to be pathogenic to humans, animals, and plants. Myroides odoratimimus and Acinetobacter radioresistens are well-known, multi-drug resistant bacteria. These results provide a snapshot of the microbial communities harbored by adult black blow flies and call for more comprehensive studies to better characterize the role these flies may play in the transmission of pathogenic microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean M Deguenon
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, 3230 Ligon Street, Campus Box 7647, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7647, USA
| | - Nicholas Travanty
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, 3230 Ligon Street, Campus Box 7647, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7647, USA
| | - Jiwei Zhu
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, 3230 Ligon Street, Campus Box 7647, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7647, USA
| | - Ann Carr
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, 3230 Ligon Street, Campus Box 7647, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7647, USA
| | - Steven Denning
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, 3230 Ligon Street, Campus Box 7647, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7647, USA
| | - Michael H Reiskind
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, 3230 Ligon Street, Campus Box 7647, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7647, USA
| | - David W Watson
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, 3230 Ligon Street, Campus Box 7647, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7647, USA
| | - R Michael Roe
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, 3230 Ligon Street, Campus Box 7647, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7647, USA.,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Loganathan Ponnusamy
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, 3230 Ligon Street, Campus Box 7647, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7647, USA. .,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
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32
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Wohlfahrt D, Woolf MS, Singh B. A survey of bacteria associated with various life stages of primary colonizers: Lucilia sericata and Phormia regina. Sci Justice 2019; 60:173-179. [PMID: 32111291 DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Blow flies are common primary colonizers of carrion, play an important role in the transfer of microbes between environments, and serve as a vector for many human pathogens. While some investigation has begun regarding the bacteria associated with different life stages of blow flies, a well replicated study is currently not available for the majority of blow flies. This study investigated bacteria associated with successive life stages of blow fly species Lucilia sericata and Phormia regina. A total of 38 samples were collected from four true replicates of L. sericata and P. regina. Variable region four (V4) of 16S ribosomal DNA (16S rDNA) was amplified and sequenced on MiSeq FGx sequencing platform using universal 16S rDNA primers and dual-index sequencing strategy. Bacterial communities associated with different life stages of L. sericata and P. regina didn't differ significantly from each other. In both blow fly species, Bacilli (e.g., Lactococcus) and Gammaproteobacteria (e.g., Providencia) constituted >95% of all bacterial classes across all life stages. At the genus level, Vagococcus and Leuconostoc were present at relatively high abundances in L. sericata whereas Yersinia and Proteus were present at comparatively high abundances in P. regina. Overall, information on bacterial structures associated with various life stages of blow flies can help scientists in better understanding or management of vector-borne pathogen dispersal and in increasing the accuracy of microbial evidence based postmortem interval (PMI) prediction models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Wohlfahrt
- Integrative Life Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States; Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.
| | - M Shane Woolf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Baneshwar Singh
- Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.
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Recinos-Aguilar YM, García-García MD, Malo EA, Cruz-López L, Rojas JC. The Colonization of Necrophagous Larvae Accelerates the Decomposition of Chicken Carcass and the Emission of Volatile Attractants for Blowflies (Diptera: Calliphoridae). JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 56:1590-1597. [PMID: 31265073 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjz104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The decomposition of a living being involves a series of changes produced by a number of interacting abiotic and biotic factors. In this study, we analyzed the effect of the colonization of blowflies on the decomposition of chicken carcasses and on the emission of sulfur compounds. The loss of the mass of carcasses and the release rate of sulfur compounds were compared for 30 d in chicken carcasses with and without blowflies in field conditions. The tissue degradation was slower in the carcasses without insects compared to those colonized by blowflies. The decomposition stages of fresh, bloated, active decay, and advanced decay were observed in the carcasses without flies; while the decomposition stages of fresh, active decay, advanced decay, and dry remains were identified in carcasses with flies. Two sulfur compounds, dimethyl disulfide and dimethyl trisulfide, were present during the entire decomposition process. The emission of these compounds is not directly associated with the presence of the blowflies' immature stages during the whole decomposition process. However, in cadavers with insects, the highest emission of both compounds occurred in day 2, while in cadavers without insects, the peak of emission was observed in day 4. In addition, the presence of the larval stages I and II of Lucilia eximia (Wiedemann, 1819) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), Chrysomya rufifacies (Macquart, 1842) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius, 1794) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), and Cochliomyia macellaria Fabricius, 1775 (Diptera: Calliphoridae) matched with the peak of emission of both compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yensy María Recinos-Aguilar
- Grupo de Ecología de Artrópodos y Manejo de Plagas, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Unidad Tapachula, Carretera Antiguo Aeropuerto, CP, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Maria Dolores García-García
- Facultad de Biología, Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Murcia, España
| | - Edi A Malo
- Grupo de Ecología de Artrópodos y Manejo de Plagas, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Unidad Tapachula, Carretera Antiguo Aeropuerto, CP, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Leopoldo Cruz-López
- Grupo de Ecología de Artrópodos y Manejo de Plagas, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Unidad Tapachula, Carretera Antiguo Aeropuerto, CP, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Julio C Rojas
- Grupo de Ecología de Artrópodos y Manejo de Plagas, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Unidad Tapachula, Carretera Antiguo Aeropuerto, CP, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
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34
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Raheem D, Raposo A, Oluwole OB, Nieuwland M, Saraiva A, Carrascosa C. Entomophagy: Nutritional, ecological, safety and legislation aspects. Food Res Int 2019; 126:108672. [PMID: 31732082 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Globally, there is a need to seek alternative sources of protein in addition to meat. This has led to considerable interest in edible insects. Such insects form part of cultures and diets in many Asian and African countries, and are an excellent source of essential nutrients, minerals, vitamins and proteins. Furthermore, they have been reported to be sustainable. The ecological importance of insects is related to their short life cycles when reared and farmed. This makes them ideal in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions, cutting land uses and polluted water, and reducing environmental contamination. However, the use of edible insects as food in Europe is minimal. To ensure safety of insects when eaten as food, considerations should be made on: microbiological contamination; toxicological hazards, e.g. chemical hazards and antinutrients; allergenicity issues that are related to different exposures, including injection, ingestion, inhalation and skin contact. In this review, we summarize the nutritional and sustainable values of edible insects, look at safety and legislative measures and we finally discuss future issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dele Raheem
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - António Raposo
- CBIOS (Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies), Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | | | - Maaike Nieuwland
- Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ariana Saraiva
- Pharmacy Faculty, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Conrado Carrascosa
- Department of Animal Pathology and Production, Bromatology and Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña s/n, 35413 Arucas, Spain
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Pechal JL, Crippen TL, Cammack JA, Tomberlin JK, Benbow ME. Microbial communities of salmon resource subsidies and associated necrophagous consumers during decomposition: Potential of cross-ecosystem microbial dispersal. FOOD WEBS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fooweb.2019.e00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Bonwitt JH, Tran M, Dykstra EA, Eckmann K, Bell ME, Leadon M, Sixberry M, Glover WA. Fly Reservoir Associated with Wohlfahrtiimonas Bacteremia in a Human. Emerg Infect Dis 2019; 24:370-373. [PMID: 29350147 PMCID: PMC5782874 DOI: 10.3201/eid2402.170913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Wohlfahrtiimonas species bacteria were isolated from the bloodstream of a patient with septicemia and wound myiasis. Environmental investigations identified a Wohlfahrtiimonas sp. among insects in the Americas and in a previously undescribed vector, the green bottle fly (Lucilia sericata). The isolates possibly represent a new species within the genus Wohlfahrtiimonas.
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Gold M, Tomberlin JK, Diener S, Zurbrügg C, Mathys A. Decomposition of biowaste macronutrients, microbes, and chemicals in black soldier fly larval treatment: A review. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 82:302-318. [PMID: 30509593 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Processing of biowaste with larvae of the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens L. (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), is an emerging waste treatment technology. Larvae grown on biowaste can be a relevant raw material for animal feed production and can therefore provide revenues for financially viable waste management systems. In addition, when produced on biowaste, insect-based feeds can be more sustainable than conventional feeds. Among others, the scalability of the technology will depend on the availability of large amounts of biowaste with a high process performance (e.g. bioconversion of organic matter to proteins and lipids) and microbial and chemical product safety. Currently, in contrast to other waste treatment technologies, such as composting or anaerobic digestion, the process performance is variable and the processes driving the decomposition of biowaste macronutrients, inactivation of microbes and fate of chemicals is poorly understood. This review presents the first summary of the most important processes involved in black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) treatment, based on the available knowledge concerning five well-studied fly species. This is a starting point to increase understanding regarding the processes of this technology, with the potential to increase its efficiency and uptake, and support the development of appropriate regulations. Based on this review, formulating different types of biowaste, e.g. to produce a diet with a similar protein content, a balanced amino acid profile and/or pre- and co-treatment of biowaste with beneficial microbes, has the potential to increase process performance. Following harvest, larvae require heat or other treatments for microbial inactivation and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Gold
- ETH Zurich: Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sustainable Food Processing Laboratory, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland; Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Sandec: Department Sanitation, Water and Solid Water for Development, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Jeffery K Tomberlin
- Texas A&M University, Department of Entomology, 370 Olsen Boulevard, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Stefan Diener
- Biovision Foundation, Heinrichstrasse 147, 8005 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Zurbrügg
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Sandec: Department Sanitation, Water and Solid Water for Development, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Mathys
- ETH Zurich: Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sustainable Food Processing Laboratory, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Schilling T, Hoppert M, Hertel R. Genomic Analysis of the Recent Viral Isolate vB_BthP-Goe4 Reveals Increased Diversity of φ29-Like Phages. Viruses 2018; 10:E624. [PMID: 30428528 PMCID: PMC6266182 DOI: 10.3390/v10110624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the recently isolated virus vB_BthP-Goe4 infecting Bacillus thuringiensis HD1. Morphological investigation via transmission electron microscopy revealed key characteristics of the genus Phi29virus, but with an elongated head resulting in larger virion particles of approximately 50 nm width and 120 nm height. Genome sequencing and analysis resulted in a linear phage chromosome of approximately 26 kb, harbouring 40 protein-encoding genes and a packaging RNA. Sequence comparison confirmed the relation to the Phi29virus genus and genomes of other related strains. A global average nucleotide identity analysis of all identified φ29-like viruses revealed the formation of several new groups previously not observed. The largest group includes Goe4 and may significantly expand the genus Phi29virus (Salasvirus) or the Picovirinae subfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Schilling
- Department of Genomic and Applied Microbiology & Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Michael Hoppert
- Department of General Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Robert Hertel
- Department of Genomic and Applied Microbiology & Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
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Iancu L, Junkins EN, Necula-Petrareanu G, Purcarea C. Characterizing forensically important insect and microbial community colonization patterns in buried remains. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15513. [PMID: 30341329 PMCID: PMC6195615 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33794-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
During violent criminal actions in which the perpetrator disposes of the victim's remains by burial, the analysis of insects and bacterial colonization patterns could be necessary for postmortem interval (PMI) estimation. Our research aimed to assess the decomposition process of buried rat carcasses from shallow graves (40 cm), the diversity and dynamics of insects and bacteria throughout the decomposition stages, and the environmental parameters' influence on these variations. The results provide further insight on decomposition in soil and contribute to a broader understanding of the factors involved in decomposition by qualitatively and quantitatively analysing the decomposer community (bacteria and insects). Additionally, two bacterial taxa, Enterococcus faecalis and Clostridium paraputrificum that were investigated for the first time as PMI indicators using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) showed differential abundance over time, promising data for PMI estimation. The current study on the decomposition of buried rat carcasses in a natural environment will strengthen the current knowledge on decomposed remains from shallow graves and represents an effort to quantify insect and bacterial taxa as PMI estimators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia Iancu
- Institute of Biology Bucharest, Romanian Academy, Splaiul Independentei, 296, 060031, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Emily N Junkins
- University of Oklahoma, Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, 770 Van Vleet Oval, Norman, OK, 73019-0390, United States of America
| | | | - Cristina Purcarea
- Institute of Biology Bucharest, Romanian Academy, Splaiul Independentei, 296, 060031, Bucharest, Romania
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Tsang CC, Tang JYM, Fong JYH, Kinne J, Lee HH, Joseph M, Jose S, Schuster RK, Tang Y, Sivakumar S, Chen JHK, Teng JLL, Lau SKP, Wernery U, Woo PCY. Ignatzschineria cameli sp. nov., isolated from necrotic foot tissue of dromedaries (Camelus dromedarius) and associated maggots (Wohlfahrtia species) in Dubai. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2018; 68:3627-3634. [PMID: 30303475 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.003046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Five bacterial strains, UAE-HKU57T, UAE-HKU58, UAE-HKU59, UAE-HKU60 and UAE-HKU61, were isolated in Dubai, UAE, from necrotic foot tissue samples of four dromedaries (Camelus dromedarius) and associated maggots (Wohrlfartia species). They were non-sporulating, Gram-negative, non-motile bacilli. They grew well under aerobic conditions at 37 °C, but not anaerobically. The pH range for growth was pH 7.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.5-8.0) and the strains could tolerate NaCl concentrations (w/v) up to 2 % (optimum, 0.5 %). They were catalase- and cytochrome oxidase-positive, but caseinase-, gelatinase- and urease-negative. Their phenotypic characters were distinguishable from other closely related species. Phylogenetic analyses of the almost-complete 16S rRNA gene and partial 23S rRNA gene, gyrB, groEL and recA sequences revealed that the five isolates were most closely related to undescribed Ignatzschineria strain F8392 and Ignatzschineria indica, but in most phylogenies clustered separately from these close relatives. Average nucleotide identity analysis showed that genomes of the five isolates (2.47-2.52 Mb, G+C content 41.71-41.86 mol%) were 98.00-99.97% similar to each other, but ≤87.18 % similar to other Ignatzschineriaspecies/strains. Low DNA relatedness between the five isolates to other Ignatzschineriaspecies/strains was also supported by Genome-to-Genome Distance Calculator analysis. The chemotaxonomic traits of the five strains were highly similar. They were non-susceptible (intermediate or resistant) to tetracycline and resistant to trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole. The name Ignatzschineria cameli sp. nov. is proposed to accommodate these five strains, with strain UAE-HKU57T (=CCOS1165T=NBRC 113042T) as the type strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Ching Tsang
- 1Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - James Y M Tang
- 1Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Jordan Y H Fong
- 1Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Jörg Kinne
- 2Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, UAE
| | - Hwei Huih Lee
- 1Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Marina Joseph
- 2Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, UAE
| | - Shanty Jose
- 2Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, UAE
| | | | - Ying Tang
- 1Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | | | - Jonathan H K Chen
- 1Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Jade L L Teng
- 1Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Susanna K P Lau
- 4Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.,6Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.,5Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.,3State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.,1Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | | | - Patrick C Y Woo
- 3State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.,5Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.,6Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.,1Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.,4Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
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Benbow ME, Barton PS, Ulyshen MD, Beasley JC, DeVault TL, Strickland MS, Tomberlin JK, Jordan HR, Pechal JL. Necrobiome framework for bridging decomposition ecology of autotrophically and heterotrophically derived organic matter. ECOL MONOGR 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Eric Benbow
- Department of Entomology; Michigan State University; East Lansing Michigan 48824 USA
- Department of Osteopathic Medical Specialties; Michigan State University; East Lansing Michigan 48824 USA
- Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior Program; Michigan State University; East Lansing Michigan 48824 USA
| | - Philip S. Barton
- Fenner School of Environment and Society; Australian National University; Canberra Australian Capital Territory 2601 Australia
| | | | - James C. Beasley
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory and Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources; University of Georgia; Aiken South Carolina 29802 USA
| | - Travis L. DeVault
- U.S. Department of Agriculture; National Wildlife Research Center; Sandusky Ohio 44870 USA
| | | | | | - Heather R. Jordan
- Department of Biological Sciences; Mississippi State University; Mississippi Mississippi 39762 USA
| | - Jennifer L. Pechal
- Department of Entomology; Michigan State University; East Lansing Michigan 48824 USA
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42
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Ung P, Peng C, Yuk S, Ann V, Mith H, Tan R, Miyanaga K, Tanji Y. Fate of Escherichia coli in dialysis device exposed into sewage influent and activated sludge. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2018; 16:380-390. [PMID: 29952327 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2018.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Tracing the fate of pathogens in environmental water, particularly in wastewater, with a suitable methodology is a demanding task. We investigated the fate of Escherichia coli K12 in sewage influent and activated sludge using a novel approach that involves the application of a biologically stable dialysis device. The ion concentrations inside the device could reach that of surrounding solution when it was incubated in phosphate buffered saline for 2 h. E. coli K12 above 107 CFU mL-1 (inoculated in distilled water, influent, activated sludge) were introduced into the device and incubated in influent and activated sludge for 10 days. Without indigenous microorganisms, E. coli K12 could survive even with the limited ions and nutrients concentrations in influent and activated sludge. E. coli K12 abundance in influent and activated sludge were reduced by 60 and 85%, respectively, after just 1 day. The establishment of microbial community in wastewater played an important role in reducing E. coli K12. Bacteriophage propagated in filtered influent or activated sludge when E. coli K12 was introduced, but not in raw influent or activated sludge. The methodology developed in this study can be applied in the actual environmental water to trace the fate of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Porsry Ung
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 J2-15 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan E-mail: ; Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology, Institute of Technology of Cambodia, Russian Federation Blvd, P.O. Box 86, 12156 Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Chanthol Peng
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 J2-15 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan E-mail: ; Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology, Institute of Technology of Cambodia, Russian Federation Blvd, P.O. Box 86, 12156 Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sokunsreiroat Yuk
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 J2-15 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan E-mail: ; Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology, Institute of Technology of Cambodia, Russian Federation Blvd, P.O. Box 86, 12156 Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Vannak Ann
- Department of Rural Engineering, Institute of Technology of Cambodia, Russian Federation Blvd, P.O. Box 86, 12156 Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Hasika Mith
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology, Institute of Technology of Cambodia, Russian Federation Blvd, P.O. Box 86, 12156 Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Reasmey Tan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology, Institute of Technology of Cambodia, Russian Federation Blvd, P.O. Box 86, 12156 Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Kazuhiko Miyanaga
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 J2-15 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan E-mail:
| | - Yasunori Tanji
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 J2-15 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan E-mail:
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43
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Iancu L, Junkins EN, Purcarea C. Characterization and microbial analysis of first recorded observation of Conicera similis Haliday (Diptera: Phoridae) in forensic decomposition study in Romania. J Forensic Leg Med 2018; 58:50-55. [PMID: 29747081 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The identification of necrophagous insect diversity and dynamics has forensic significance for postmortem interval estimation specific to burial. Few studies regarding the necrophagous entomofauna from buried remains have been performed to date. In contrast to the exposed carcasses, the accessibility of soil to insects is limited due to burial depth and is dependent on soil type. This study highlights the colonization behavior of Conicera similis (Haliday 1833) (Diptera: Phoridae) during carcass decomposition, a previously unobserved taxon in Romania. Adult and larvae specimens were collected from rat (Rattus norvegicus) carcasses buried at 40 cm depth in an urban park environment in June 2016 during active decomposition and their presence and activity period was correlated with the environmental parameters variation. Bacterial diversity from C. similis female adult and larvae specimens was determined via 16S rRNA gene Illumina sequencing to further characterize these commonly encountered and forensically important necrophagous insects. This report signals the easternmost geographical location in Europe (Bucharest, Romania) of C. similis to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia Iancu
- Institute of Biology Bucharest, Department of Microbiology, 296 Splaiul Independentei, Bucharest 060031, Romania.
| | - Emily N Junkins
- University of Oklahoma, Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, Norman, OK 73019-0390, USA.
| | - Cristina Purcarea
- Institute of Biology Bucharest, Department of Microbiology, 296 Splaiul Independentei, Bucharest 060031, Romania.
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44
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The role of ‘filth flies’ in the spread of antimicrobial resistance. Travel Med Infect Dis 2018; 22:8-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Singh B, Minick KJ, Strickland MS, Wickings KG, Crippen TL, Tarone AM, Benbow ME, Sufrin N, Tomberlin JK, Pechal JL. Temporal and Spatial Impact of Human Cadaver Decomposition on Soil Bacterial and Arthropod Community Structure and Function. Front Microbiol 2018; 8:2616. [PMID: 29354106 PMCID: PMC5758501 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As vertebrate carrion decomposes, there is a release of nutrient-rich fluids into the underlying soil, which can impact associated biological community structure and function. How these changes alter soil biogeochemical cycles is relatively unknown and may prove useful in the identification of carrion decomposition islands that have long lasting, focal ecological effects. This study investigated the spatial (0, 1, and 5 m) and temporal (3-732 days) dynamics of human cadaver decomposition on soil bacterial and arthropod community structure and microbial function. We observed strong evidence of a predictable response to cadaver decomposition that varies over space for soil bacterial and arthropod community structure, carbon (C) mineralization and microbial substrate utilization patterns. In the presence of a cadaver (i.e., 0 m samples), the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes was greater, while the relative abundance of Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Gemmatimonadetes, and Verrucomicrobia was lower when compared to samples at 1 and 5 m. Micro-arthropods were more abundant (15 to 17-fold) in soils collected at 0 m compared to either 1 or 5 m, but overall, micro-arthropod community composition was unrelated to either bacterial community composition or function. Bacterial community structure and microbial function also exhibited temporal relationships, whereas arthropod community structure did not. Cumulative precipitation was more effective in predicting temporal variations in bacterial abundance and microbial activity than accumulated degree days. In the presence of the cadaver (i.e., 0 m samples), the relative abundance of Actinobacteria increased significantly with cumulative precipitation. Furthermore, soil bacterial communities and C mineralization were sensitive to the introduction of human cadavers as they diverged from baseline levels and did not recover completely in approximately 2 years. These data are valuable for understanding ecosystem function surrounding carrion decomposition islands and can be applicable to environmental bio-monitoring and forensic sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baneshwar Singh
- Department of Forensic Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Kevan J. Minick
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Michael S. Strickland
- Department of Soil and Water Systems, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
| | - Kyle G. Wickings
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Geneva, NY, United States
| | - Tawni L. Crippen
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Aaron M. Tarone
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - M. Eric Benbow
- Department of Entomology and Department of Osteopathic Medical Specialties, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Ness Sufrin
- Bode Cellmark Forensics, Lorton, VA, United States
| | - Jeffery K. Tomberlin
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Jennifer L. Pechal
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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Junqueira ACM, Ratan A, Acerbi E, Drautz-Moses DI, Premkrishnan BNV, Costea PI, Linz B, Purbojati RW, Paulo DF, Gaultier NE, Subramanian P, Hasan NA, Colwell RR, Bork P, Azeredo-Espin AML, Bryant DA, Schuster SC. The microbiomes of blowflies and houseflies as bacterial transmission reservoirs. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16324. [PMID: 29176730 PMCID: PMC5701178 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16353-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Blowflies and houseflies are mechanical vectors inhabiting synanthropic environments around the world. They feed and breed in fecal and decaying organic matter, but the microbiome they harbour and transport is largely uncharacterized. We sampled 116 individual houseflies and blowflies from varying habitats on three continents and subjected them to high-coverage, whole-genome shotgun sequencing. This allowed for genomic and metagenomic analyses of the host-associated microbiome at the species level. Both fly host species segregate based on principal coordinate analysis of their microbial communities, but they also show an overlapping core microbiome. Legs and wings displayed the largest microbial diversity and were shown to be an important route for microbial dispersion. The environmental sequencing approach presented here detected a stochastic distribution of human pathogens, such as Helicobacter pylori, thereby demonstrating the potential of flies as proxies for environmental and public health surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina M Junqueira
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore.
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Aakrosh Ratan
- Department of Public Health Sciences and Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Enzo Acerbi
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Daniela I Drautz-Moses
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Balakrishnan N V Premkrishnan
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Paul I Costea
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Heidelberg, 69117, Germany
| | - Bodo Linz
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, 30602, GA, USA
| | - Rikky W Purbojati
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Daniel F Paulo
- Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética, Departamento de Genética, Evolução e Bioagentes, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-875, Brazil
| | - Nicolas E Gaultier
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | | | - Nur A Hasan
- CosmosID Inc, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland. Institute for Computational Biology, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Rita R Colwell
- CosmosID Inc, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland. Institute for Computational Biology, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Peer Bork
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Heidelberg, 69117, Germany
| | - Ana Maria L Azeredo-Espin
- Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética, Departamento de Genética, Evolução e Bioagentes, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-875, Brazil
| | - Donald A Bryant
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Stephan C Schuster
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore.
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Ben-Yosef M, Zaada DSY, Dudaniec RY, Pasternak Z, Jurkevitch E, Smith RJ, Causton CE, Lincango MP, Tobe SS, Mitchell JG, Kleindorfer S, Yuval B. Host-specific associations affect the microbiome ofPhilornis downsi, an introduced parasite to the Galápagos Islands. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:4644-4656. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ben-Yosef
- Department of Entomology; Faculty of Agriculture Food and Environment; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Rehovot Israel
| | - Doron S. Y. Zaada
- Department of Entomology; Faculty of Agriculture Food and Environment; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Rehovot Israel
| | - Rachael Y. Dudaniec
- Department of Biological Sciences; Macquarie University; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Zohar Pasternak
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology; Faculty of Agriculture Food and Environment; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Rehovot Israel
| | - Edouard Jurkevitch
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology; Faculty of Agriculture Food and Environment; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Rehovot Israel
| | - Renee J. Smith
- School of Biological Sciences; Flinders University; Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Charlotte E. Causton
- Charles Darwin Foundation; Puerto Ayora Santa Cruz Island Galápagos Islands Ecuador
| | - Maria Piedad Lincango
- Charles Darwin Foundation; Puerto Ayora Santa Cruz Island Galápagos Islands Ecuador
- Facultad De Ciencias Agrícolas; Universidad Central Del Ecuador; Quito Pichincha Ecuador
| | - Shanan S. Tobe
- School of Biological Sciences; Flinders University; Adelaide SA Australia
- Department of Chemistry and Physics; Arcadia University; Glenside PA USA
| | - James G. Mitchell
- School of Biological Sciences; Flinders University; Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Sonia Kleindorfer
- School of Biological Sciences; Flinders University; Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Boaz Yuval
- Department of Entomology; Faculty of Agriculture Food and Environment; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Rehovot Israel
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Abstract
The human microbiome has demonstrated an importance for the health and functioning in living individuals. However, the fate of the microbiome after death is less understood. In addition to a better understanding of microbe-mediated decomposition processes, postmortem succession of human-associated microbial communities has been suggested as a possible forensic tool for estimating time since death, or postmortem interval (PMI). The objective of our study was to document postmortem changes in human gut bacterial communities. Gut microflora were repeatedly sampled from the caeca of cadavers as they decayed under natural environmental conditions. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing revealed that over time, bacterial richness significantly increased (rs = 0.449) while diversity decreased (rs = − 0.701). The composition of gut bacterial communities changed in a similar manner over time towards a common decay community. OTUs belonging to Bacteroidales (Bacteroides, Parabacteroides) significantly declined while Clostridiales (Clostridium, Anaerosphaera) and the fly-associated Gammaproteobacteria Ignatzschineria and Wohlfahrtiimonas increased. Our examination of human caeca microflora in decomposing cadavers adds to the growing literature on postmortem microbial communities, which will ultimately contribute to a better understanding of decomposition processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M DeBruyn
- Biosystems Engineering & Soil Science, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
| | - Kathleen A Hauther
- Department of Anthropology, University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
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Soil bacterial community responses to revegetation of moving sand dune in semi-arid grassland. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:6217-6228. [PMID: 28567480 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8336-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Grasslands in semi-arid Northern China are widely desertified, thus inducing the formation of a large area of moving sand lands. Revegetation of the sandy land is commonly adopted to restore degraded grasslands. The structure of the soil microbial community might dramatically change during degradation and recovery because microorganisms are one of the major drivers of ecological process through their interactions with plants and soil. Assuming that soil properties are the key determinants of the structure of soil bacterial community within the same soil type, whether the vegetation type causes the significant difference in the structure of soil bacterial community during revegetation and restoration of the degraded grasslands remains poorly understood. Our study aimed to (1) investigate the response of soil bacterial communities to the changes during vegetation degradation and recovery and (2) evaluate whether the soil bacterial communities under plantations return to their native state. We detected the shifts in diversities and compositions of the soil bacterial communities and the relative abundance of dominant bacterial taxa by using the high-throughput Illumina MiSeq sequencing technique in an area covered by 32-year-old Caragana microphylla, Artemisia halodendron, Hedysarum fruticosum, Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, Populus simonii, and Salix gordejevii sand-fixing plantations and in the native community (NC) dominated by elm, and moving sandy dune (MS). We found that the obtained operational taxonomic units by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and diversity index in MS were all significantly lower than those in NC, and the number and composition of dominant genera were significantly different between NC and MS. Interestingly, the compositions of bacterial communities and the dominant genera in different sand-fixation plantations (C. microphylla, A. halodendron, H. fruticosum, P. sylvestris var. mongolica, P. simonii, and S. gordejevii) were all similar to those of the native soil of NC, suggesting that the plantation type and soil properties exhibit a minimal effect on the compositions of soil microbial communities within a continuous landscape. These results revealed that the structure of the soil bacterial community of degraded sandy grassland (even degenerated into a mobile sand dunes) in semi-arid region can be reversibly restored by planting indigenous shrub or semi-shrub plantation on human time scales.
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Genome Sequence of a Providencia stuartii Strain Isolated from Luciliasericata Salivary Glands. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2017; 5:5/17/e00250-17. [PMID: 28450516 PMCID: PMC5408114 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00250-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We present here the draft genome sequence of a Providencia stuartii strain, derived from the salivary glands of larval Lucilia sericata, a common blow fly important to forensic, medical, and veterinary science. The genome sequence will help dissect coinfections involving P. stuartii and Proteus mirabilis, as well as blow fly–bacteria interactions.
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