1
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Onisuru O, Achilonu I. Describing the ligandin properties of Plasmodium falciparum and vivax glutathione transferase towards bromosulfophthalein from empirical and computational modelling viewpoints. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38506165 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2329291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Research has spotlighted glutathione transferase (GST) as a promising target for antimalarial drug development due to its pivotal role in cellular processes, including metabolizing toxins and managing oxidative stress. This interest arises from GST's potential to combat multidrug resistance in existing antimalarial drugs. Plasmodium falciparum GST (PfGST) and Plasmodium vivax GST (PvGST) are key targets; inhibiting them not only disrupt detoxification but also reduce their antioxidant capacity, a critical feature for potent antimalarials. Bromosulfophthalein (BSP), a clinical liver function dye, emerged as a potent cytosolic GST inhibitor. This study explored BSP's inhibitory properties on PfGST and PvGST, showcasing its binding capabilities through empirical and computational analyses. The study revealed BSP's ability to significantly inhibit GST activity, altering the proteins' structures and stability. Specifically, BSP binding induced spectral changes and impacted the proteins' thermal stability, reducing their melting temperatures. Computational simulations highlighted BSP's strong binding to PfGST and PvGST at their dimer interface, stabilized by various interactions, including hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces. Notably, BSP's binding altered the proteins' compactness and conformational dynamics, suggesting a potential non-competitive, allosteric inhibition mechanism. This study provided novel insights into BSP's candidacy as an antimalarial drug by targeting PfGST and PvGST. Its ability to disrupt crucial functions of these enzymes' positions BSP as a promising candidate for further drug development in combating malariaCommunicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olalekan Onisuru
- Protein Structure-Function and Research Unit, School of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ikechukwu Achilonu
- Protein Structure-Function and Research Unit, School of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa
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2
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Yu J, Zheng Y, Song C, Chen S. New insights into the roles of fungi and bacteria in the development of medicinal plant. J Adv Res 2023:S2090-1232(23)00394-6. [PMID: 38092299 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interaction between microorganisms and medicinal plants is a popular topic. Previous studies consistently reported that microorganisms were mainly considered pathogens or contaminants. However, with the development of microbial detection technology, it has been demonstrated that fungi and bacteria affect beneficially the medicinal plant production chain. AIM OF REVIEW Microorganisms greatly affect medicinal plants, with microbial biosynthesis a high regarded topic in medicinal plant-microbial interactions. However, it lacks a systematic review discussing this relationship. Current microbial detection technologies also have certain advantages and disadvantages, it is essential to compare the characteristics of various technologies. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW This review first illustrates the role of fungi and bacteria in various medicinal plant production procedures, discusses the development of microbial detection and identification technologies in recent years, and concludes with microbial biosynthesis of natural products. The relationship between fungi, bacteria, and medicinal plants is discussed comprehensively. We also propose a future research model and direction for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingsheng Yu
- Institute of Herbgenomics, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137 China; Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700 China
| | - Yixuan Zheng
- Institute of Herbgenomics, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137 China
| | - Chi Song
- Institute of Herbgenomics, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137 China
| | - Shilin Chen
- Institute of Herbgenomics, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137 China; Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700 China.
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3
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Luo D, Hu L, Gao T, Zhang X, Xiong Y. Synthesis of Altenuene Backbones through Iodine(III)-Participated Umpolung Diesterification and Insights into the General [1,5]-H Shift in para-Dearomatization of Phenols via Quantum Chemical Calculations. J Org Chem 2022; 87:5065-5075. [PMID: 35377643 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Through PhI(OAc)2-oxidized dearomatization and diesterification of 3'-hydroxy-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-carboxylic acids, a series of polycyclic compounds possessing an altenuene backbone were obtained in moderate to good yields. The Umpolung diesterification reaction was completed under mild reaction conditions without an additional nucleophilic reagent. This work offers a concise method for the synthesis of diverse natural altenuene analogues. The mechanism was proposed, and the [1,5]-H shift was studied in isomerization from the ketone-form structure to a phenol employing computational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Liangzhen Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Tianyong Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China.,State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.,School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center for High Value Transformation of Coal Chemical Process By-products, Xinjiang Institute of Engineering, Xinjiang 830091, China
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4
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Biotransformation of artemisinin to a novel derivative via ring rearrangement by Aspergillus niger. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:2433-2444. [PMID: 35355096 PMCID: PMC8989930 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11888-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Artemisinin is a component part of current frontline medicines for the treatment of malaria. The aim of this study is to make analogues of artemisinin using microbial transformation and evaluate their in vitro antimalarial activity. A panel of microorganisms were screened for biotransformation of artemisinin (1). The biotransformation products were extracted, purified and isolated using silica gel column chromatography and semi-preparative HPLC. Spectroscopic methods including LC-HRMS, GC–MS, FT-IR, 1D and 2D NMR were used to elucidate the structure of the artemisinin metabolites.1H NMR spectroscopy was further used to study the time-course biotransformation. The antiplasmodial activity (IC50) of the biotransformation products of 1 against intraerythrocytic cultures of Plasmodium falciparum were determined using bioluminescence assays. A filamentous fungus Aspergillus niger CICC 2487 was found to possess the best efficiency to convert artemisinin (1) to a novel derivative, 4-methoxy-9,10-dimethyloctahydrofuro-(3,2-i)-isochromen-11(4H)-one (2) via ring rearrangement and further degradation, along with three known derivatives, compound (3), deoxyartemisinin (4) and 3-hydroxy-deoxyartemisinin (5). Kinetic study of the biotransformation of artemisinin indicated the formation of artemisinin G as a key intermediate which could be hydrolyzed and methylated to form the new compound 2. Our study shows that the anti-plasmodial potency of compounds 2, 3, 4 and 5 were ablated compared to 1, which attributed to the loss of the unique peroxide bridge in artemisinin (1). This is the first report of microbial degradation and ring rearrangement of artemisinin with subsequent hydrolysis and methoxylation by A.niger. Key points • Aspergillus niger CICC 2487 was found to be efficient for biotransformation of artemisinin • A novel and unusual artemisinin derivative was isolated and elucidated • The peroxide bridge in artemisinin is crucial for its high antimalarial potency • The pathway of biotransformation involves the formation of artemisinin G as a key intermediate Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00253-022-11888-0.
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Aminudin NI, Ridzuan M, Susanti D, Zainal Abidin ZA. Biotransformation of sesquiterpenoids: a recent insight. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2022; 24:103-145. [PMID: 33783284 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2021.1906657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sesquiterpenoids have been identified as natural compounds showing remarkable biological activities found in medicinal plants. There is great interest in developing methods to obtain sesquiterpenoids derivatives and biotransformation is one of the alternative methods for structural modification of complex sesquiterpenes structures. Biotransformation is a great drug design tool offering high selectivity and green method. The present review describes a comprehensive summary of biotransformation products of sesquiterpenoids and its structural modification utilizing a variety of biocatalysts including microorganisms, plant tissue culture and enzymes. This review covers recent literatures from 2007 until 2020 and highlights the experimental conditions for each biotransformation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Iman Aminudin
- Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan, Pahang 25200, Malaysia
| | - Munirah Ridzuan
- Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan, Pahang 25200, Malaysia
| | - Deny Susanti
- Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan, Pahang 25200, Malaysia
| | - Zaima Azira Zainal Abidin
- Department of Biotechnology, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan, Pahang 25200, Malaysia
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Ozerskaya SM, Ivanushkina NE, Kochkina GA, Danilogorskaya AA, Pinchuk IP, Vasilenko AN. Various Methods of Long-Term Preservation of Fungal Cultures in All-Russian Collection of Microorganisms (VKM). Fungal Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-83749-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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7
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Cassemiro NS, Sanches LB, Kato NN, Ruller R, Carollo CA, de Mello JCP, Dos Santos Dos Anjos E, Silva DB. New derivatives of the iridoid specioside from fungal biotransformation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:7731-7741. [PMID: 34568964 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11504-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Iridoids are widely found from species of Bignoniaceae family and exhibit several biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antitumor. Specioside is an iridoid found from Tabebuia species, mainly in Tabebuia aurea. Thus, here fungus-mediated biotransformation of the iridoid specioside was investigated by seven fungi. The fungus-mediated biotransformation reactions resulted in a total of nineteen different analogs by fungus Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus japonicus, Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus niveus, Penicillium crustosum, and Thermoascus aurantiacus. Non-glycosylated specioside was the main metabolite observed. The other analogs were yielded from ester hydrolysis, hydroxylation, methylation, and hydrogenation reactions. The non-glycosylated specioside and coumaric acid were yielded by all fungi-mediated biotransformation. Thus, fungus applied in this study showed the ability to perform hydroxylation and glycosidic, as well as ester hydrolysis reactions from glycosylated iridoid. KEY POINTS: • The biotransformation of specioside by seven fungi yielded nineteen analogs. • The non-glycosylated specioside was the main analog obtained. • Ester hydrolysis, hydroxylation, methylation, and hydrogenation reactions were observe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadla Soares Cassemiro
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais E Espectrometria de Massas (LaPNEM), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos E Nutrição (FACFAN), Universidade Federal Do Mato Grosso Do Sul, Av. Costa e Silva, s/nº, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Luana Bonifácio Sanches
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais E Espectrometria de Massas (LaPNEM), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos E Nutrição (FACFAN), Universidade Federal Do Mato Grosso Do Sul, Av. Costa e Silva, s/nº, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Natalia Naomi Kato
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais E Espectrometria de Massas (LaPNEM), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos E Nutrição (FACFAN), Universidade Federal Do Mato Grosso Do Sul, Av. Costa e Silva, s/nº, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Roberto Ruller
- Laboratório de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biociências (INBIO), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alexandre Carollo
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais E Espectrometria de Massas (LaPNEM), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos E Nutrição (FACFAN), Universidade Federal Do Mato Grosso Do Sul, Av. Costa e Silva, s/nº, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - João Carlos Palazzo de Mello
- Laboratório de Biologia Farmacêutica, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Edson Dos Santos Dos Anjos
- Laboratório de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biociências (INBIO), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Denise Brentan Silva
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais E Espectrometria de Massas (LaPNEM), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos E Nutrição (FACFAN), Universidade Federal Do Mato Grosso Do Sul, Av. Costa e Silva, s/nº, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil.
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8
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Pandey RP, Dhakal D, Thapa SB, Bashyal P, Kim TS, Sohng JK. UPLC-PDA coupled HR-TOF ESI/MS 2 -based identification of derivatives produced by whole-cell biotransformation of epothilone A using Nocardia sp. CS692 and a cytochrome P450 overexpressing strain. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2021; 69:1723-1732. [PMID: 34415071 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Epothilone A, a microtubule-stabilizing agent used as therapeutics for the treatment of cancers, was biotransformed into three metabolites using Nocardia sp. CS692 and recombinant Nocardia overexpressing a cytochrome P450 from Streptomyces venezuelae (PikC). Among three metabolites produced in the biotransformation reaction mixtures, ESI/MS2 analysis predicted two metabolites (M1 and M2) as novel hydroxylated derivatives (M1 is hydroxylated at the C-8 position and M2 is hydroxylated at C-10 position), each with an opened-epoxide ring in their structure. Interestingly, metabolite M3 lacks an epoxide ring and is known as deoxyepothilone A, which is also called epothilone C. Metabolite M1 was produced only in PikC overexpressing strain. The endogenous enzymes of Nocardia sp. catalyzed hydroxylation of epothilone A to produce metabolite M2 and removed epoxide ring to produce metabolite M3. All the metabolites were identified based on UV-vis analysis and rigorous ESI/MS2 fragmentation based on epothilone A standard. The newly produced metabolites are anticipated to display novel cytotoxic effects and could be subjects of further pharmacological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Prasad Pandey
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, Asan-si, Chungnam, Republic of Korea.,Department of BT-Convergent Pharmaceutical Engineering, Sun Moon University, Asan-si, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Dipesh Dhakal
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, Asan-si, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Samir Bahadur Thapa
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, Asan-si, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Puspalata Bashyal
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, Asan-si, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Su Kim
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, Asan-si, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kyung Sohng
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, Asan-si, Chungnam, Republic of Korea.,Department of BT-Convergent Pharmaceutical Engineering, Sun Moon University, Asan-si, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
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Cano-Flores A, Gómez J, S. Escalona-Torres I, Velasco-Bejarano B. Microorganisms as Biocatalysts and Enzyme Sources. Microorganisms 2020. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.90338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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10
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Bai Y, Zhang D, Sun P, Zhao Y, Chang X, Ma Y, Yang L. Evaluation of Microbial Transformation of 10-deoxoartemisinin by UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS E. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24213874. [PMID: 31661766 PMCID: PMC6864820 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24213874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
10-deoxoartemisinin is a semisynthetic derivative of artemisinin that lacks a lactone carbonyl group at the 10-position, and has stronger antimalarial properties than artemisinin. However, 10-deoxoartemisinin has limited utility as a therapeutic agent because of its low solubility and bioavailability. Hydroxylated 10-deoxoartemisinins are a series of properties-improved derivatives. Via microbial transformation, which can hydroxylate 10-deoxoartemisinin at multiple sites, the biotransformation products of 10-deoxoartemisinin have been investigated in this paper. Using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MSE) combined with UNIFI software, products of microbial transformation of 10-deoxoartemisinin were rapidly and directly analyzed. The hydroxylation abilities of nine microorganisms were compared using this method. All of the microorganisms evaluated were able to hydroxylate 10-deoxoartemisinin, and a total of 35 hydroxylated products were identified. These can be grouped into dihydroxylated 10-deoxoartemisinins, monohydroxylated 10-deoxoartemisinins, hydroxylated dehydrogenated 10-deoxoartemisinins, and hydroxylated hydrogenated 10-deoxoartemisinins. Cunninghamella echinulata and Cunninghamella blakesleeana are able to hydroxylate 10-deoxoartemisinin, and their biotransformation products are investigated here for the first time. Cunninghamella elegans CICC 40250 was shown to most efficiently hydroxylate 10-deoxoartemisinin, and could serve as a model organism for microbial transformation. This method could be used to generate additional hydroxylated 10-deoxoartemisinins for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Bai
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
- Artemisinin Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Dong Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
- Artemisinin Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Peng Sun
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
- Artemisinin Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Yifan Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
- Artemisinin Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Xiaoqiang Chang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
- Artemisinin Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Yue Ma
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
- Artemisinin Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Lan Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
- Artemisinin Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
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A Microbial Transformation Model for Simulating Mammal Metabolism of Artemisinin. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24020315. [PMID: 30654552 PMCID: PMC6358782 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24020315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Artemisinin (ART) is a highly effective antimalarial agent isolated from the traditional Chinese herb Qinghao. Metabolism of ART and its derivatives in the body is one of the most pressing issues for pharmaceutical scientists. Herein, an efficient in vitro microorganism model for simulation of metabolism of ART in vivo was developed employing Cunninghamella elegans. Metabolites in the microbial transformation system and plasma of mice pre-administrated ART orally were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)-electrospray ionization (ESI)-quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-TOF)-mass spectrometry (MSE) combined with UNIFI software. Thirty-two metabolites were identified in vitro and 23 were identified in vivo. After comparison, 16 products were found to be common to both models including monohydroxylated ART, dihydroxylated ART, deoxyartemisinin, hydroxylated deoxyartemisinin, hydroxylated dihydroartemisinin (DHA), and hydroxylated deoxy-DHA. These results revealed that C. elegans CICC 40250 functioned as an appropriate model to mimic ART metabolism in vivo. Moreover, an overall description of metabolites of ART from C. elegans CICC 40250 has been provided. Notably, DHA was detected and identified as a metabolite of ART in mouse plasma for the first time.
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12
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Yu H, Zhu B, Zhan Y. Microbial transformation of artemisinin by Aspergillus terreus. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2017; 4:33. [PMID: 28775933 PMCID: PMC5514170 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-017-0164-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Artemisinin (1) and its derivatives are now being widely used as antimalarial drugs, and they also exhibited good antitumor activities. So there has been much interest in the structural modification of artemisinin and its derivatives because of their effective bioactivities. The microbial transformation is a promising route to obtain artemisinin derivatives. The present study focuses on the microbial transformation of artemisinin by Aspergillus terreus. Results During 6 days at 28 °C and 180 rpm, Aspergillus terreus transformed artemisinin to two products. They were identified as 1-deoxyartemisinin (2) and 4α-hydroxy-1-deoxyartemisinin (3) on the basis of their spectroscopic data. Conclusions The microbial transformation of artemisinin by Aspergillus terreus was investigated, and two products (1-deoxyartemisinin and 4α-hydroxy-1-deoxyartemisinin) were obtained. This study is the first to report on the microbial transformation of artemisinin by Aspergillus terreus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchang Yu
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004 People's Republic of China
| | - Baowu Zhu
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004 People's Republic of China
| | - Yulian Zhan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004 People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237 People's Republic of China
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13
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Zhan Y, Wu Y, Xu F, Bai Y, Guan Y, Williamson JS, Liu B. A novel dihydroxylated derivative of artemisinin from microbial transformation. Fitoterapia 2017; 120:93-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2017.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Revised: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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