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Ren J, Miao L, Feng W, Ma T, Jiang H. Inducible biosynthesis of bacterial cellulose in recombinant Enterobacter sp. FY-07. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 275:133755. [PMID: 38986995 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial cellulose (BC) is an extracellular polysaccharide with myriad unique properties, such as high purity, water-holding capacity and biocompatibility, making it attractive in materials science. However, genetic engineering techniques for BC-producing microorganisms are rare. Herein, the electroporation-based gene transformation and the λ Red-mediated gene knockout method with a nearly 100 % recombination efficiency were established in the fast-growing and BC hyperproducer Enterobacter sp. FY-07. This genetic manipulation toolkit was validated by inactivating the protein subunit BcsA in the cellulose synthase complex. Subsequently, the inducible BC-producing strains from glycerol were constructed through inducible expression of the key gene fbp in the gluconeogenesis pathway, which recovered >80 % of the BC production. Finally, the BC properties analysis results indicated that the induced-synthesized BC pellicles were looser, more porous and reduced crystallinity, which could further broaden the application prospects of BC. To our best knowledge, this is the first attempt to construct the completely inducible BC-producing strains. Our work paves the way for increasing BC productivity by metabolic engineering and broadens the available fabrication methods for BC-based advanced functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxun Ren
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Liangtian Miao
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China.
| | - Wei Feng
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Ting Ma
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Huifeng Jiang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China.
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Wu Y, Li S, Sun B, Guo J, Zheng M, Li A. Enhancing Gastrodin Production in Yarrowia lipolytica by Metabolic Engineering. ACS Synth Biol 2024; 13:1332-1342. [PMID: 38563122 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.4c00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Gastrodin, 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, has been widely used in the treatment of neurogenic and cardiovascular diseases. Currently, gastrodin biosynthesis is being achieved in model microorganisms. However, the production levels are insufficient for industrial applications. In this study, we successfully engineered a Yarrowia lipolytica strain to overproduce gastrodin through metabolic engineering. Initially, the engineered strain expressing the heterologous gastrodin biosynthetic pathway, which comprises chorismate lyase, carboxylic acid reductase, phosphopantetheinyl transferase, endogenous alcohol dehydrogenases, and a UDP-glucosyltransferase, produced 1.05 g/L gastrodin from glucose in a shaking flask. Then, the production was further enhanced to 6.68 g/L with a productivity of 2.23 g/L/day by overexpressing the key node DAHP synthases of the shikimate pathway and alleviating the native tryptophan and phenylalanine biosynthetic pathways. Finally, the best strain, Gd07, produced 13.22 g/L gastrodin in a 5 L fermenter. This represents the highest reported production of gastrodin in an engineered microorganism to date, marking the first successful de novo production of gastrodin using Y. lipolytica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, #368 Youyi Road, Wuhan 430062, P. R. China
| | - Shuocheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, #368 Youyi Road, Wuhan 430062, P. R. China
| | - Baijian Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, #368 Youyi Road, Wuhan 430062, P. R. China
| | - Jingyi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, #368 Youyi Road, Wuhan 430062, P. R. China
| | - Meiyi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, #368 Youyi Road, Wuhan 430062, P. R. China
| | - Aitao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, #368 Youyi Road, Wuhan 430062, P. R. China
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3
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Sui X, Wang J, Zhao Z, Liu B, Liu M, Liu M, Shi C, Feng X, Fu Y, Shi D, Li S, Qi Q, Xian M, Zhao G. Phenolic compounds induce ferroptosis-like death by promoting hydroxyl radical generation in the Fenton reaction. Commun Biol 2024; 7:199. [PMID: 38368473 PMCID: PMC10874397 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05903-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds are industrially versatile chemicals, also the most ubiquitous pollutants. Recently, biosynthesis and biodegradation of phenols has attracted increasing attention, while phenols' toxicity is a major issue. Here, we evolved phloroglucinol-tolerant Escherichia coli strains via adaptive evolution, and three mutations (ΔsodB, ΔclpX and fetAB overexpression) prove of great assistance in the tolerance improvement. We discover that phloroglucinol complexes with iron and promotes the generation of hydroxyl radicals in Fenton reaction, which leads to reducing power depletion, lipid peroxidation, and ferroptosis-like cell death of E. coli. Besides phloroglucinol, various phenols can trigger ferroptosis-like death in diverse organisms, from bacteria to mammalian cells. Furthermore, repressing this ferroptosis-like death improves phloroglucinol production and phenol degradation by corresponding strains respectively, showing great application potential in microbial degradation or production of desired phenolic compounds, and phloroglucinol-induced ferroptosis suppresses tumor growth in mice, indicating phloroglucinol as a promising drug for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jichao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhao
- CAS Key Lab of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Bin Liu
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Miaomiao Liu
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Cong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinjun Feng
- CAS Key Lab of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yingxin Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dayong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shengying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qingsheng Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mo Xian
- CAS Key Lab of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Guang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China.
- CAS Key Lab of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.
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Kumokita R, Bamba T, Yasueda H, Tsukida A, Nakagawa K, Kitagawa T, Yoshioka T, Matsuyama H, Yamamoto Y, Maruyama S, Hayashi T, Kondo A, Hasunuma T. High-level phenol bioproduction by engineered Pichia pastoris in glycerol fed-batch fermentation using an efficient pertraction system. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 393:130144. [PMID: 38042432 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to establish a high-level phenol bioproduction system from glycerol through metabolic engineering of the yeast Pichia pastoris (Komagataella phaffii). Introducing tyrosine phenol-lyase to P. pastoris led to a production of 59 mg/L of phenol in flask culture. By employing a strain of P. pastoris that overproduces tyrosine-a precursor to phenol-we achieved a phenol production of 1052 mg/L in glycerol fed-batch fermentation. However, phenol concentrations exceeding 1000 mg/L inhibited P. pastoris growth. A phenol pertraction system utilizing a hollow fiber membrane contactor and tributyrin as the organic solvent was developed to reduce phenol concentration in the culture medium. Integrating this system with glycerol fed-batch fermentation resulted in a 214 % increase in phenol titer (3304 mg/L) compared to glycerol fed-batch fermentation alone. These approaches offer a significant framework for the microbial production of chemicals and materials that are highly toxic to microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Kumokita
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Takahiro Bamba
- Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hisashi Yasueda
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan; Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan; Research and Development Center for Precision Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-2 Kasuga, Tsukuba, 305-8550, Japan
| | - Ayato Tsukida
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Keizo Nakagawa
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan; Research Center for Membrane and Film Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.
| | - Tooru Kitagawa
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan; Research Center for Membrane and Film Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Yoshioka
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan; Research Center for Membrane and Film Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hideto Matsuyama
- Research Center for Membrane and Film Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan; Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Yamamoto
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Science and Innovation Center, Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, 1000 Kamoshida, Aoba, Yokohama, 227-8502, Japan
| | - Satoshi Maruyama
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Science and Innovation Center, Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, 1000 Kamoshida, Aoba, Yokohama, 227-8502, Japan
| | - Takahiro Hayashi
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Science and Innovation Center, Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, 1000 Kamoshida, Aoba, Yokohama, 227-8502, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kondo
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan; Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan; RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Hasunuma
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan; Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan; RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan.
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5
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Zhang P, Gao J, Zhang H, Wang Y, Liu Z, Lee SY, Mao X. Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for the production of an antifouling agent zosteric acid. Metab Eng 2023; 76:247-259. [PMID: 36822462 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2023.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Zosteric acid (ZA) is a Zostera species-derived, sulfated phenolic acid compound with antifouling activity and has gained much attention due to its nontoxic and biodegradable characteristics. However, the yield of Zostera species available for ZA extraction is limited by natural factors, such as season, latitude, light, and temperature. Here we report the development of metabolically engineered Escherichia coli strains capable of producing ZA from glucose and glycerol. First, intracellular availability of the sulfur donor 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) was enhanced by knocking out the cysH gene responsible for PAPS consumption and overexpressing the genes required for PAPS biosynthesis. Co-overexpression of the genes encoding tyrosine ammonia-lyase, sulfotransferase 1A1, ATP sulfurylase, and adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate kinase constructed ZA producing strain with enhanced PAPS supply. Second, the feedback-resistant forms of aroG and tyrA genes (encoding 3-deoxy-d-arabinoheptulosonate 7-phosphate synthase and chorismate mutase, respectively) were overexpressed to relieve the feedback regulation of L-tyrosine biosynthesis. Third, the pykA gene involved in phosphoenolpyruvate-consuming reaction, the regulator gene tyrR, the competing pathway gene pheA, and the ptsHIcrr genes essential for the PEP:carbohydrate phosphotransferase system were deleted. Moreover, all genes involved in the shikimate pathway and the talA, tktA, and tktB genes in the pentose phosphate pathway were examined for ZA production. The PTS-independent glucose uptake system, the expression vector system, and the carbon source were also optimized. As a result, the best-performing strain successfully produced 1.52 g L-1 ZA and 1.30 g L-1p-hydroxycinnamic acid from glucose and glycerol in a 700 mL fed-batch bioreactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peichao Zhang
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yongzhen Wang
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Sang Yup Lee
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Four), BioProcess Engineering Research Center, Institute for the BioCentury, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Xiangzhao Mao
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
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6
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Systematic metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for the enhanced production of cinnamaldehyde. Metab Eng 2023; 76:63-74. [PMID: 36639020 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cinnamaldehyde (CAD) derived from cinnamon bark has received much attention for its potential as a nematicide and food additive. Previously, we have succeeded in developing an Escherichia coli strain (YHP05) capable of synthesizing cinnamaldehyde; however, the production titer (75 mg/L) was not sufficient for commercialization. Herein, to develop an economical and sustainable production bioprocess, we further engineered the YHP05 strain for non-auxotrophic, antibiotic-free, inducer-free hyperproduction of CAD using systematic metabolic engineering. First, the conversion of trans-cinnamic acid (t-CA) to CAD was improved by the co-expression of carboxylic acid reductase and phosphopantetheinyl transferase (PPTase) genes. Second, to prevent the spontaneous conversion of CAD to cinnamyl alcohol, 10 endogenous reductase and dehydrogenase genes were deleted. Third, all expression cassettes were integrated into the chromosomal DNA using an auto-inducible system for antibiotic- and inducer-free production. Subsequently, to facilitate CAD production, available pools of cofactors (NADPH, CoA, and ATP) were increased, and acetate pathways were deleted. With the final antibiotic-, plasmid-, and inducer-free strain (H-11MPmR), fed-batch cultivations combined with in situ product recovery (ISPR) were performed, and the production titer of CAD as high as 3.8 g/L could be achieved with 49.1 mg/L/h productivity, which is the highest CAD titer ever reported.
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Liang B, Sun G, Zhang X, Nie Q, Zhao Y, Yang J. Recent Advances, Challenges and Metabolic Engineering Strategies in the Biosynthesis of 3-Hydroxypropionic Acid. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:2639-2668. [PMID: 35781640 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
As an attractive and valuable platform chemical, 3-hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP) can be used to produce a variety of industrially important commodity chemicals and biodegradable polymers. Moreover, the biosynthesis of 3-HP has drawn much attention in recent years due to its sustainability and environmental friendliness. Here, we focus on recent advances, challenges and metabolic engineering strategies in the biosynthesis of 3-HP. While glucose and glycerol are major carbon sources for its production of 3-HP via microbial fermentation, other carbon sources have also been explored. To increase yield and titer, synthetic biology and metabolic engineering strategies have been explored, including modifying pathway enzymes, eliminating flux blockages due to byproduct synthesis, eliminating toxic byproducts, and optimizing via genome-scale models. This review also provides insights on future directions for 3-HP biosynthesis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liang
- Energy-rich Compounds Production by Photosynthetic Carbon Fixation Research Center, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.,Shandong Key Lab of Applied Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guannan Sun
- Energy-rich Compounds Production by Photosynthetic Carbon Fixation Research Center, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.,Shandong Key Lab of Applied Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinping Zhang
- Energy-rich Compounds Production by Photosynthetic Carbon Fixation Research Center, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.,Shandong Key Lab of Applied Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qingjuan Nie
- Foreign Languages School, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yukun Zhao
- Pony Testing International Group, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianming Yang
- Energy-rich Compounds Production by Photosynthetic Carbon Fixation Research Center, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.,Shandong Key Lab of Applied Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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Hou F, Feng D, Xian M, Huang W. De Novo Biosynthesis and Whole-Cell Catalytic Production of 2-Acetamidophenol in Escherichia coli. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:238-246. [PMID: 34965133 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c06910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
2-Acetamidophenol (AAP) is an aromatic product with promising activities in agricultural applications and medical research. At present, AAP is synthesized by chemical methods from nonrenewable fossil fuel resources, which cause environmental pollution and the reaction conditions are harsh. In this study, we constructed the artificial biosynthetic pathway of AAP with five different expressed proteins in Escherichia coli for the first time. By introducing the hydrogen peroxide degrading enzyme catalase and improving cell tolerance to toxic intermediates or products, the yield of AAP reached 33.54 mg/L using shaking-flask culture. The best-engineered strain could produce 568.57 mg/L AAP by fed-batch fermentation from glucose and precursor (2-aminophenol, 2-AP) addition. Furthermore, a one-pot whole-cell cascade biocatalytic pathway to AAP and analogues was developed and optimized. This method can efficiently produce 1.8 g/L AAP using the methyl anthranilate hydrolysis product as the substrate. This study provides not only the de novo artificial biosynthetic pathway of AAP in E. coli but also a promising sustainable and efficient strategy to enable the synthesis of AAP on a gram scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Hou
- CAS Key Lab of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266101 Qingdao, China
| | - Dexin Feng
- CAS Key Lab of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266101 Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Mo Xian
- CAS Key Lab of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266101 Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Wei Huang
- CAS Key Lab of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266101 Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
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9
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Applying a ‘Metabolic Funnel’ for Phenol Production in Escherichia coli. FERMENTATION 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation7040216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenol is an important petrochemical that is conventionally used as a precursor for synthesizing an array of plastics and fine chemicals. As an emerging alternative to its traditional petrochemical production, multiple enzyme pathways have been engineered to date to enable its renewable biosynthesis from biomass feedstocks, each incorporating unique enzyme chemistries and intermediate molecules. Leveraging all three of the unique phenol biosynthesis pathways reported to date, a series of synthetic ‘metabolic funnels’ was engineered, each with the goal of maximizing net precursor assimilation and flux towards phenol via the parallel co-expression of multiple distinct pathways within the same Escherichia coli host. By constructing and evaluating all possible binary and tertiary pathway combinations, one ‘funnel’ was ultimately identified, which supported enhanced phenol production relative to all three individual pathways by 16 to 69%. Further host engineering to increase endogenous precursor availability then allowed for 26% greater phenol production, reaching a final titer of 554 ± 19 mg/L and 28.8 ± 0.34 mg/g yield on glucose. Lastly, using a diphasic culture including dibutyl phthalate for in situ phenol extraction, final titers were further increased to a maximum of 812 ± 145 mg/L at a yield of 40.6 ± 7.2 mg/g. The demonstrated ‘funneling’ pathway holds similar promise in support of phenol production by other, non-E. coli hosts, while this general approach can be readily extended towards a diversity of other value-added bioproducts of interest.
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10
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Li Z, Lu Y, Wang X, Vekaria A, Jiang M, Zhang H. Enhancing anthranilic acid biosynthesis using biosensor-assisted cell selection and in situ product removal. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Zhan T, Chen Q, Zhang C, Bi C, Zhang X. Constructing a Novel Biosynthetic Pathway for the Production of Glycolate from Glycerol in Escherichia coli. ACS Synth Biol 2020; 9:2600-2609. [PMID: 32794740 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.0c00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glycolate is an important α-hydroxy acid with a wide range of industrial applications. The current industrial production of glycolate mainly depends on chemical synthesis, but biochemical production from renewable resources using engineered microorganisms is increasingly viewed as an attractive alternative. Crude glycerol is an abundant byproduct of biodiesel production and a widely investigated potential sustainable feedstock. Here, we constructed a novel biosynthetic pathway for the production of glycolate from glycerol in Escherichia coli. The pathway starts from the oxidation of glycerol to d-glycerate by alditol oxidase, followed by sequential enzymatic dehydrogenation and decarboxylation as well as reduction reactions. We screened and characterized the catalytic activity of candidate enzymes, and a variant of alditol oxidase from Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2), 2-hydroxyglutarate-pyruvate transhydrogenase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, α-ketoisovalerate decarboxylase from Lactococcus lactis, and aldehyde dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli were selected and assembled to create an artificial operon for the biosynthetic production of glycolate from glycerol. We also characterized the native strong constitutive promoter Plpp from E. coli and compared it with the PT7 promoter, which was employed to express the artificial operon on the plasmid pSC105-ADKA. To redirect glycerol flux toward glycolate synthesis, we deleted key genes of the native glycerol assimilation pathways and other branches of native E. coli metabolism, and we introduced a second plasmid expressing Dld3 to reduce the accumulation of the intermediate d-glycerate. Finally, the engineered strain TZ-108 harboring pSC105-ADKA and pACYC184-Plpp-Dld3 produced 0.64 g/L glycolate in shake flasks, which was increased to 4.74 g/L in fed-batch fermentation. This study provides an alternative pathway for glycolate synthesis and demonstrates the potential for producing other commodity chemicals by redesigning glycerol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Changhao Bi
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Xueli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
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12
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Li Z, Zuber A, Wang X, Marlowe J, Vekaria A, Lu Y, Zhang H, Tsilomelekis G. Toward the coupling of microbial biosynthesis and catalysis for the production of alkylated phenolic compounds. AIChE J 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.16547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghong Li
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey Piscataway New Jersey USA
| | - Adam Zuber
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey Piscataway New Jersey USA
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey Piscataway New Jersey USA
| | - Justin Marlowe
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey Piscataway New Jersey USA
| | - Ashil Vekaria
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey Piscataway New Jersey USA
| | - Yingxi Lu
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey Piscataway New Jersey USA
| | - Haoran Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey Piscataway New Jersey USA
| | - George Tsilomelekis
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey Piscataway New Jersey USA
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13
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Common problems associated with the microbial productions of aromatic compounds and corresponding metabolic engineering strategies. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 41:107548. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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14
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Guo X, Li Z, Wang X, Wang J, Chala J, Lu Y, Zhang H. De novo phenol bioproduction from glucose using biosensor‐assisted microbial coculture engineering. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:3349-3359. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.27168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Guo
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical EngineeringXiamen University Siming South Road, Xiamen Fujian China
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, RutgersThe State University of New Jersey Piscataway New Jersey
| | - Zhenghong Li
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, RutgersThe State University of New Jersey Piscataway New Jersey
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, RutgersThe State University of New Jersey Piscataway New Jersey
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, RutgersThe State University of New Jersey Piscataway New Jersey
| | - Juan Chala
- Department of Biochemistry, RutgersThe State University of New Jersey Piscataway New Jersey
| | - Yinghua Lu
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical EngineeringXiamen University Siming South Road, Xiamen Fujian China
| | - Haoran Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, RutgersThe State University of New Jersey Piscataway New Jersey
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15
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Zhang R, Zhao CH, Chang HC, Chai MZ, Li BZ, Yuan YJ. Lignin valorization meets synthetic biology. Eng Life Sci 2019; 19:463-470. [PMID: 32625023 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201800133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignin, an abundant renewable resource in nature, is a highly heterogeneous biopolymer consisting of phenylpropanoid units. It is essential for sustainable utilization of biomass to convert lignin to value-added products. However, there are technical obstacles for lignin valorization due to intrinsic heterogeneity. The emerging of synthetic biology technologies brings new opportunities for lignin breakdown and utilization. In this review, we discussed the applications of synthetic biology on lignin conversion, especially the production of value-added products, such as aromatic chemicals, ring-cleaved chemicals from lignin-derived aromatics and bio-active substances. Synthetic biology will offer new potential strategies for lignin valorization by optimizing lignin degradation enzymes, building novel artificial converting pathways, and improving the chassis of model microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renkuan Zhang
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education) School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin University Tianjin P. R. China
| | - Chen-Hui Zhao
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education) School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin University Tianjin P. R. China
| | - Han-Chen Chang
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education) School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin University Tianjin P. R. China
| | - Meng-Zhe Chai
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education) School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin University Tianjin P. R. China
| | - Bing-Zhi Li
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education) School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin University Tianjin P. R. China
| | - Ying-Jin Yuan
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education) School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin University Tianjin P. R. China
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16
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Lee SY, Kim HU, Chae TU, Cho JS, Kim JW, Shin JH, Kim DI, Ko YS, Jang WD, Jang YS. A comprehensive metabolic map for production of bio-based chemicals. Nat Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-018-0212-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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17
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Mohammadi Nargesi B, Trachtmann N, Sprenger GA, Youn JW. Production of p-amino-L-phenylalanine (L-PAPA) from glycerol by metabolic grafting of Escherichia coli. Microb Cell Fact 2018; 17:149. [PMID: 30241531 PMCID: PMC6148955 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-018-0996-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The non-proteinogenic aromatic amino acid, p-amino-L-phenylalanine (L-PAPA) is a high-value product with a broad field of applications. In nature, L-PAPA occurs as an intermediate of the chloramphenicol biosynthesis pathway in Streptomyces venezuelae. Here we demonstrate that the model organism Escherichia coli can be transformed with metabolic grafting approaches to result in an improved L-PAPA producing strain. RESULTS Escherichia coli K-12 cells were genetically engineered for the production of L-PAPA from glycerol as main carbon source. To do so, genes for a 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate synthase (pabAB from Corynebacterium glutamicum), and genes encoding a 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate mutase and a 4-amino-4-deoxyprephenate dehydrogenase (papB and papC, both from Streptomyces venezuelae) were cloned and expressed in E. coli W3110 (lab strain LJ110). In shake flask cultures with minimal medium this led to the formation of ca. 43 ± 2 mg l-1 of L-PAPA from 5 g l-1 glycerol. By expression of additional chromosomal copies of the tktA and glpX genes, and of plasmid-borne aroFBL genes in a tyrR deletion strain, an improved L-PAPA producer was obtained which gave a titer of 5.47 ± 0.4 g l-1 L-PAPA from 33.3 g l-1 glycerol (0.16 g L-PAPA/g of glycerol) in fed-batch cultivation (shake flasks). Finally, in a fed-batch fermenter cultivation, a titer of 16.7 g l-1 L-PAPA was obtained which is the highest so far reported value for this non-proteinogenic amino acid. CONCLUSION Here we show that E. coli is a suitable chassis strain for L-PAPA production. Modifying the flux to the product and improved supply of precursor, by additional gene copies of glpX, tkt and aroFBL together with the deletion of the tyrR gene, increased the yield and titer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalie Trachtmann
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Georg A. Sprenger
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jung-Won Youn
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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18
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Wynands B, Lenzen C, Otto M, Koch F, Blank LM, Wierckx N. Metabolic engineering of Pseudomonas taiwanensis VLB120 with minimal genomic modifications for high-yield phenol production. Metab Eng 2018; 47:121-133. [PMID: 29548982 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Aromatic chemicals are important building blocks for the production of a multitude of everyday commodities. Currently, aromatics production relies almost exclusively on petrochemical processes. To achieve sustainability, alternative synthesis methods need to be developed. Here, we strived for an efficient production of phenol, a model aromatic compound of industrial relevance, from renewable carbon sources using the solvent-tolerant biocatalyst Pseudomonas taiwanensis VLB120. First, multiple catabolic routes for the degradation of aromatics and related compounds were inactivated, thereby obtaining the chassis strain P. taiwanensis VLB120Δ5 incapable of growing on 4-hydroxybenzoate (ΔpobA), tyrosine (Δhpd), and quinate (ΔquiC, ΔquiC1, ΔquiC2). In this context, a novel gene contributing to the quinate catabolism was identified (quiC2). Second, we employed a combination of reverse- and forward engineering to increase metabolic flux towards the product, using leads obtained from the analysis of aromatics producing Pseudomonas putida strains previously generated by mutagenesis. Phenol production was enabled by the heterologous expression of a codon-optimized and chromosomally integrated tyrosine phenol-lyase encoding gene from Pantoea agglomerans AJ2985 (PaTPL2). The genomic modification of endogenous genes encoding TrpEP290S, AroF-1P148L, and PheAT310I, and the deletion of pykA improved phenol production 17-fold, while also minimizing the burden caused by plasmids and auxotrophies. The additional overexpression of known bottleneck enzymes (AroGfbr, TyrAfbr) derived from Escherichia coli further enhanced phenol titers. The best producing strain P. taiwanensis VLB120Δ5-TPL36 reached yields of 15.8% and 18.5% (Cmol/Cmol) phenol from glucose and glycerol, respectively, in a mineral medium without addition of complex nutrients. This is the highest yield ever reported for microbially produced phenol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Wynands
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph Lenzen
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Maike Otto
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Falk Koch
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Lars M Blank
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Nick Wierckx
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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19
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Biotechnological production of aromatic compounds of the extended shikimate pathway from renewable biomass. J Biotechnol 2017; 257:211-221. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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20
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Roy A, Ranjan A. HosA, a MarR Family Transcriptional Regulator, Represses Nonoxidative Hydroxyarylic Acid Decarboxylase Operon and Is Modulated by 4-Hydroxybenzoic Acid. Biochemistry 2016; 55:1120-34. [PMID: 26818787 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b01163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Members of the Multiple antibiotic resistance Regulator (MarR) family of DNA binding proteins regulate transcription of a wide array of genes required for virulence and pathogenicity of bacteria. The present study reports the molecular characterization of HosA (Homologue of SlyA), a MarR protein, with respect to its target gene, DNA recognition motif, and nature of its ligand. Through a comparative genomics approach, we demonstrate that hosA is in synteny with nonoxidative hydroxyarylic acid decarboxylase (HAD) operon and is present exclusively within the mutS-rpoS polymorphic region in nine different genera of Enterobacteriaceae family. Using molecular biology and biochemical approach, we demonstrate that HosA binds to a palindromic sequence downstream to the transcription start site of divergently transcribed nonoxidative HAD operon and represses its expression. Furthermore, in silico analysis showed that the recognition motif for HosA is highly conserved in the upstream region of divergently transcribed operon in different genera of Enterobacteriaceae family. A systematic chemical search for the physiological ligand revealed that 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-HBA) interacts with HosA and derepresses HosA mediated repression of the nonoxidative HAD operon. Based on our study, we propose a model for molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of nonoxidative HAD operon by HosA in Enterobacteriaceae family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Roy
- Computational and Functional Genomics Group, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, Telangana 500001, India.,Graduate studies, Manipal University , Manipal 576104, India
| | - Akash Ranjan
- Computational and Functional Genomics Group, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, Telangana 500001, India
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21
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Thompson B, Machas M, Nielsen DR. Engineering and comparison of non‐natural pathways for microbial phenol production. Biotechnol Bioeng 2016; 113:1745-54. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.25942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Thompson
- Chemical Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and EnergyUniversity of Arizona StateTempeArizona
| | - Michael Machas
- Chemical Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and EnergyUniversity of Arizona StateTempeArizona
| | - David R. Nielsen
- Chemical Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and EnergyUniversity of Arizona StateTempeArizona
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22
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Creating pathways towards aromatic building blocks and fine chemicals. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2015; 36:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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23
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Ren Y, Yang S, Yuan Q, Sun X. Microbial production of phenol via salicylate decarboxylation. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra20104g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel phenol biosynthetic pathway was designed and verified inE. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxian Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
| | - Sen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
| | - Qipeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
| | - Xinxiao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
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