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Dickey RM, Gopal MR, Nain P, Kunjapur AM. Recent developments in enzymatic and microbial biosynthesis of flavor and fragrance molecules. J Biotechnol 2024; 389:43-60. [PMID: 38616038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Flavors and fragrances are an important class of specialty chemicals for which interest in biomanufacturing has risen during recent years. These naturally occurring compounds are often amenable to biosynthesis using purified enzyme catalysts or metabolically engineered microbial cells in fermentation processes. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the categories of molecules that have received the greatest interest, both academically and industrially, by examining scholarly publications as well as patent literature. Overall, we seek to highlight innovations in the key reaction steps and microbial hosts used in flavor and fragrance manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman M Dickey
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - Madan R Gopal
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - Priyanka Nain
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - Aditya M Kunjapur
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA.
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2
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Kriechbaum R, Spadiut O, Kopp J. Bioconversion of Furanic Compounds by Chlorella vulgaris-Unveiling Biotechnological Potentials. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1222. [PMID: 38930604 PMCID: PMC11205514 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass is abundant on Earth, and there are multiple acidic pretreatment options to separate the cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin fraction. By doing so, the fermentation inhibitors 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and furfural (FF) are produced in varying concentrations depending on the hydrolyzed substrate. In this study, the impact of these furanic compounds on Chlorella vulgaris growth and photosynthetic activity was analyzed. Both compounds led to a prolonged lag phase in Chlorella vulgaris growth. While the photosynthetic yield Y(II) was not significantly influenced in cultivations containing HMF, FF significantly reduced Y(II). The conversion of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural and furfural to 5-Hydroxymethyl-2-Furoic Acid and 2-Furoic Acid was observed. In total, 100% of HMF and FF was converted in photoautotrophic and mixotrophic Chlorella vulgaris cultivations. The results demonstrate that Chlorella vulgaris is, as of now, the first known microalgal species converting furanic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Julian Kopp
- Research Division: Biochemical Engineering, Integrated Bioprocess Development, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, Gumpendorferstraße 1a, 1060 Wien, Austria; (R.K.); (O.S.)
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3
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Waldschitz D, Neudert MR, Kitzmueller J, Lachmann J, Fonteyne A, Maes K, Bar N, Sinner P, Spadiut O. Robust, fully quantifiable and scalable bioprocess utilizing spent sulfite liquor with Corynebacterium glutamicum. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 406:130967. [PMID: 38880268 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a bioprocessing strategy was designed to valorize ultra-filtered spent sulfite liquor (UF-SSL) without prior detoxification steps as well as using it purely as a carbon source supplement to defined or complex media. Hence, a minimal medium for the bioconversion of UF-SSL with Corynebacterium glutamicum was developed and process robustness and reproducibility were validated. Process quantifiability was ensured by development of a biomass measurement technique for matrices with high water-insoluble solids and verified using elemental balancing. Mechanistic modeling based on Monod equations was used to identify batch kinetics. In a final step, scale-up of the developed process was performed to showcase process maturity towards commercialisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Waldschitz
- Research Group Bioprocess Technology, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorferstraße 1A, Vienna A-1060, Austria
| | - Mark-Richard Neudert
- Research Group Bioprocess Technology, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorferstraße 1A, Vienna A-1060, Austria
| | - Jakob Kitzmueller
- Research Group Bioprocess Technology, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorferstraße 1A, Vienna A-1060, Austria
| | - Johanna Lachmann
- Research Group Bioprocess Technology, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorferstraße 1A, Vienna A-1060, Austria
| | - Arthur Fonteyne
- Bio Base Europe Pilot Plant vzw, Rodenhuizekaai 1, Gent B-9042, Belgium
| | - Karolien Maes
- Bio Base Europe Pilot Plant vzw, Rodenhuizekaai 1, Gent B-9042, Belgium
| | - Nadav Bar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Natural Sciences, NTNU, Sem Sælands vei 6, Trondheim N-7491, Norway
| | - Peter Sinner
- Research Group Bioprocess Technology, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorferstraße 1A, Vienna A-1060, Austria
| | - Oliver Spadiut
- Research Group Bioprocess Technology, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorferstraße 1A, Vienna A-1060, Austria.
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Omar MN, Minggu MM, Nor Muhammad NA, Abdul PM, Zhang Y, Ramzi AB. Towards consolidated bioprocessing of biomass and plastic substrates for semi-synthetic production of bio-poly(ethylene furanoate) (PEF) polymer using omics-guided construction of artificial microbial consortia. Enzyme Microb Technol 2024; 177:110429. [PMID: 38537325 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2024.110429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Poly(ethylene furanoate) (PEF) plastic is a 100% renewable polyester that is currently being pursued for commercialization as the next-generation bio-based plastic. This is in line with growing demand for circular bioeconomy and new plastics economy that is aimed at minimizing plastic waste mismanagement and lowering carbon footprint of plastics. However, the current catalytic route for the synthesis of PEF is impeded with technical challenges including high cost of pretreatment and catalyst refurbishment. On the other hand, the semi-biosynthetic route of PEF plastic production is of increased biotechnological interest. In particular, the PEF monomers (Furan dicarboxylic acid and ethylene glycol) can be synthesized via microbial-based biorefinery and purified for subsequent catalyst-mediated polycondensation into PEF. Several bioengineering and bioprocessing issues such as efficient substrate utilization and pathway optimization need to be addressed prior to establishing industrial-scale production of the monomers. This review highlights current advances in semi-biosynthetic production of PEF monomers using consolidated waste biorefinery strategies, with an emphasis on the employment of omics-driven systems biology approaches in enzyme discovery and pathway construction. The roles of microbial protein transporters will be discussed, especially in terms of improving substrate uptake and utilization from lignocellulosic biomass, as well as from depolymerized plastic waste as potential bio-feedstock. The employment of artificial bioengineered microbial consortia will also be highlighted to provide streamlined systems and synthetic biology strategies for bio-based PEF monomer production using both plant biomass and plastic-derived substrates, which are important for circular and new plastics economy advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Norfikri Omar
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), UKM, Bangi, Selangor 43600, Malaysia
| | - Matthlessa Matthew Minggu
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), UKM, Bangi, Selangor 43600, Malaysia
| | - Nor Azlan Nor Muhammad
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), UKM, Bangi, Selangor 43600, Malaysia
| | - Peer Mohamed Abdul
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor 43600, Malaysia; Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor 43600, Malaysia
| | - Ying Zhang
- BBSRC/EPSRC Synthetic Biology Research Centre (SBRC), School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Ahmad Bazli Ramzi
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), UKM, Bangi, Selangor 43600, Malaysia.
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5
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Shi X, Chang J, Kim M, Lee ME, Shin HY, Ok Han S. Isopropanol production using engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum from waste rice straw biomass. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 396:130416. [PMID: 38316230 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Isopropanol, a well-known biofuel, is a widely used precursor for chemical products that can replace nonrenewable petroleum energy. Here, engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum that can effectively utilize all xylose and glucose in agricultural waste rice straw to produce isopropanol was described. First, codon mutations were introduced into transporters and glycolytic-related genes to decrease the glucose preference of C. glutamicum. A more energetically favorable xylose oxidative pathway was constructed that replaced traditional xylose isomerization pathways, saving twice the number of enzymatic steps. A succinate auxiliary module was incorporated into the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), connecting the xylose-utilized pathway with the isopropanol pathway to maximize xylose orientation towards the product. The final engineered strain successfully consumed 100 % of the xylose from NaOH-pretreated, enzyme-hydrolyzed rice straw and effectively synthesized 4.91 g/L isopropanol. This study showcases the successful conversion of agricultural waste into renewable energy, unveiling new possibilities for advancing biological fermentation technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Shi
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonhee Chang
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Minhye Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong-Eun Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Young Shin
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ok Han
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Luckie BA, Kashyap M, Pearson AN, Chen Y, Liu Y, Valencia LE, Carrillo Romero A, Hudson GA, Tao XB, Wu B, Petzold CJ, Keasling JD. Development of Corynebacterium glutamicum as a monoterpene production platform. Metab Eng 2024; 81:110-122. [PMID: 38056688 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2023.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Monoterpenes are commonly known for their role in the flavors and fragrances industry and are also gaining attention for other uses like insect repellant and as potential renewable fuels for aviation. Corynebacterium glutamicum, a Generally Recognized as Safe microbe, has been a choice organism in industry for the annual million ton-scale bioproduction of amino acids for more than 50 years; however, efforts to produce monoterpenes in C. glutamicum have remained relatively limited. In this study, we report a further expansion of the C. glutamicum biosynthetic repertoire through the development and optimization of a mevalonate-based monoterpene platform. In the course of our plasmid design iterations, we increased flux through the mevalonate-based bypass pathway, measuring isoprenol production as a proxy for monoterpene precursor abundance and demonstrating the highest reported titers in C. glutamicum to date at 1504.6 mg/L. Our designs also evaluated the effects of backbone, promoter, and GPP synthase homolog origin on monoterpene product titers. Monoterpene production was further improved by disrupting competing pathways for isoprenoid precursor supply and by implementing a biphasic production system to prevent volatilization. With this platform, we achieved 321.1 mg/L of geranoids, 723.6 mg/L of 1,8-cineole, and 227.8 mg/L of linalool. Furthermore, we determined that C. glutamicum first oxidizes geraniol through an aldehyde intermediate before it is asymmetrically reduced to citronellol. Additionally, we demonstrate that the aldehyde reductase, AdhC, possesses additional substrate promiscuity for acyclic monoterpene aldehydes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget A Luckie
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA; Biological Systems & Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Meera Kashyap
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA; Biological Systems & Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Allison N Pearson
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA; Biological Systems & Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Yan Chen
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA; Biological Systems & Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Yuzhong Liu
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA; Biological Systems & Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Luis E Valencia
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA; Biological Systems & Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; Joint Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, San Francisco, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Alexander Carrillo Romero
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA; Biological Systems & Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Graham A Hudson
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA; Biological Systems & Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Xavier B Tao
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA; Biological Systems & Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Bryan Wu
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA; Biological Systems & Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Christopher J Petzold
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA; Biological Systems & Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jay D Keasling
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA; Biological Systems & Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; Joint Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, San Francisco, CA, 94720, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark; Center for Synthetic Biochemistry, Institute for Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes for Advanced Technologies, Shenzhen, China.
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7
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Systems metabolic engineering upgrades Corynebacterium glutamicum to high-efficiency cis, cis-muconic acid production from lignin-based aromatics. Metab Eng 2023; 75:153-169. [PMID: 36563956 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lignin displays a highly challenging renewable. To date, massive amounts of lignin, generated in lignocellulosic processing facilities, are for the most part merely burned due to lacking value-added alternatives. Aromatic lignin monomers of recognized relevance are in particular vanillin, and to a lesser extent vanillate, because they are accessible at high yield from softwood-lignin using industrially operated alkaline oxidative depolymerization. Here, we metabolically engineered C. glutamicum towards cis, cis-muconate (MA) production from these key aromatics. Starting from the previously created catechol-based producer C. glutamicum MA-2, systems metabolic engineering first discovered an unspecific aromatic aldehyde reductase that formed aromatic alcohols from vanillin, protocatechualdehyde, and p- hydroxybenzaldehyde, and was responsible for the conversion up to 57% of vanillin into vanillyl alcohol. The alcohol was not re-consumed by the microbe later, posing a strong drawback on the producer. The identification and subsequent elimination of the encoding fudC gene completely abolished vanillyl alcohol formation. Second, the initially weak flux through the native vanillin and vanillate metabolism was enhanced up to 2.9-fold by implementing synthetic pathway modules. Third, the most efficient protocatechuate decarboxylase AroY for conversion of the midstream pathway intermediate protocatechuate into catechol was identified out of several variants in native and codon optimized form and expressed together with the respective helper proteins. Fourth, the streamlined modules were all genomically combined which yielded the final strain MA-9. MA-9 produced bio-based MA from vanillin, vanillate, and seven structurally related aromatics at maximum selectivity. In addition, MA production from softwood-based vanillin, obtained through alkaline depolymerization, was demonstrated.
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Ujor VC, Okonkwo CC. Microbial detoxification of lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysates: Biochemical and molecular aspects, challenges, exploits and future perspectives. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1061667. [PMID: 36483774 PMCID: PMC9723337 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1061667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Valorization of lignocellulosic biomass (LB) has the potential to secure sustainable energy production without impacting food insecurity, whist relieving over reliance on finite fossil fuels. Agro-derived lignocellulosic residues such as wheat straw, switchgrass, rice bran, and miscanthus have gained relevance as feedstocks for the production of biofuels and chemicals. However, the microorganisms employed in fermentative conversion of carbohydrates to fuels and chemicals are unable to efficiently utilize the sugars derived from LB due to co-production of lignocellulose-derived microbial inhibitory compounds (LDMICs) during LB pretreatment. LDMICs impact microbial growth by inhibition of specific enzymes, cause DNA and cell membrane damage, and elicit cellular redox imbalance. Over the past decade, success has been achieved with the removal of LDMICs prior to fermentation. However, LDMICs removal by chemical processes is often accompanied by sugar losses, which negatively impacts the overall production cost. Hence, in situ removal of LDMICs by fermentative organisms during the fermentation process has garnered considerable attention as the "go-to" approach for economical LDMICs detoxification and bio-chemicals production. In situ removal of LDMICs has been pursued by either engineering more robust biocatalysts or isolating novel microbial strains with the inherent capacity to mineralize or detoxify LDMICs to less toxic compounds. While some success has been made along this line, efficient detoxification and robust production of target bio-chemicals in lignocellulosic hydrolysates (LHs) under largely anaerobic fermentative conditions remains a lingering challenge. Consequently, LB remains an underutilized substrate for bio-chemicals production. In this review, the impact of microbial LH detoxification on overall target molecule production is discussed. Further, the biochemical pathways and mechanisms employed for in situ microbial detoxification of furanic LDMICs [e.g., furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF)] and phenolic LDMICs (e.g., syringaldehyde, p-coumaric acid, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, vanillin, and ferulic acid) are discussed. More importantly, metabolic engineering strategies for the development of LDMIC-tolerant and bio-chemicals overproducing strains and processes are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor C. Ujor
- Metabolic Engineering and Fermentation Science Group, Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Christopher C. Okonkwo
- Biotechnology Program, College of Science, The Roux Institute, Northeastern University, Portland, ME, United States
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Kim HS, Choi JA, Kim BY, Ferrer L, Choi JM, Wendisch VF, Lee JH. Engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum as the Platform for the Production of Aromatic Aldehydes. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:880277. [PMID: 35646884 PMCID: PMC9133326 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.880277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aromatic aldehydes, including 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (4-HB aldehyde), protocatechuic (PC) aldehyde, and vanillin, are used as important flavors, fragrances, and pharmaceutical precursors and have several biological and therapeutic effects. Production of aromatic aldehydes in microbial hosts poses a challenge due to its rapid and endogenous reduction to alcohols. To address this hurdle, prospecting of the genome of Corynebacterium glutamicum yielded 27 candidate proteins that were used in comprehensive screening with a 4-hydroxybenzyl (4-HB) alcohol–producing strain. We identified that NCgl0324 has aromatic aldehyde reductase activity and contributed to 4-HB aldehyde reduction in vivo since the NCgl0324 deletion strain HB-Δ0324 produced 1.36 g/L of 4-HB aldehyde, that is, about 188% more than its parental strain. To demonstrate that NCgl0324 knockout can also improve production of PC aldehyde and vanillin, first, a basal MA303 strain that produces protocatechuate was engineered from 4-hydroxybenzoate-synthesizing C. glutamicum APS963, followed by deletion of NCgl0324 to generate PV-Δ0324. The PC aldehyde/alcohol or vanillin/vanillyl alcohol biosynthetic pathways, respectively, were able to be expanded from protocatechuate upon introduction of carboxylic acid reductase (CAR) and catechol O-methyltransferase encoded by a mutated comtm gene. In shake flask culture, the resulting NCgl0324 deletion strains PV-IΔ0324 and PV-IYΔ0324 were shown to produce 1.18 g/L PC aldehyde and 0.31 g/L vanillin, respectively. Thus, modulation of the identified NCgl0324 gene was shown to have the potential to boost production of valuable aromatic aldehydes and alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Song Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungsung University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jung-A Choi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungsung University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Bu-Yeon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungsung University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Lenny Ferrer
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology and Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jung-Min Choi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungsung University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Volker F. Wendisch
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology and Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jin-Ho Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungsung University, Busan, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Jin-Ho Lee,
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10
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Wang F, Song Y, Vidyarthi SK, Zhang R. Physicochemical properties, and volatile compounds of blackened jujube vinegar as prepared by optimized fermentation process. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2022.2032735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhou Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai An, China
| | - Yaru Song
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai An, China
| | - Sriram K. Vidyarthi
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Research and Development, The Morning Star Company, Woodland, CA, USA
| | - Rentang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai An, China
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11
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Arteaga JE, Cerros K, Rivera-Becerril E, Lara AR, Le Borgne S, Sigala JC. Furfural biotransformation in Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1 and Acinetobacter schindleri ACE. Biotechnol Lett 2021; 43:1043-1050. [PMID: 33590377 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-021-03094-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine furfural biotransformation capabilities of Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1 and Acinetobacter schindleri ACE. RESULTS Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1 and A. schindleri ACE could not use furfural as sole carbon source but when acetate was used as substrate, ADP1 and ACE biotransformed 1 g furfural/l in 5 and 9 h, respectively. In both cases, the product of this biotransformation was difurfuryl-ether as shown by FT-IR and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The presence of furfural decreased the specific growth rate in acetate by 27% in ADP1 and 53% in ACE. For both strains, the MIC of furfural was 1.25 g/l. Nonetheless, ADP1 biotransformed 2 g furfural/l at a rate of 1 g/l/h in the stationary phase of growth. A transcriptional analysis of possible dehydrogenases involved in this biotransformation, identified that the areB and frmA genes were highly overexpressed after the exposure of ADP1 to furfural. The products of these genes are a benzyl-alcohol dehydrogenase and an alcohol dehydrogenase. CONCLUSIONS Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1 is a candidate for the biological detoxification of furfural, a fermentation inhibitor present in lignocellulosic hydrolysates, with the possible direct involvement of the AreB and FrmA enzymes in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Eduardo Arteaga
- Posgrado en Ciencias Naturales e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Cuajimalpa, 05348, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Karina Cerros
- Posgrado en Ciencias Naturales e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Cuajimalpa, 05348, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ernesto Rivera-Becerril
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Cuajimalpa, 05348, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alvaro R Lara
- Departamento de Procesos y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Cuajimalpa. Av. Vasco de Quiroga 4871, Col. Santa Fe Cuajimalpa, Alcaldía Cuajimalpa, 05348, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sylvie Le Borgne
- Departamento de Procesos y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Cuajimalpa. Av. Vasco de Quiroga 4871, Col. Santa Fe Cuajimalpa, Alcaldía Cuajimalpa, 05348, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan-Carlos Sigala
- Departamento de Procesos y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Cuajimalpa. Av. Vasco de Quiroga 4871, Col. Santa Fe Cuajimalpa, Alcaldía Cuajimalpa, 05348, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Rodríguez M A, Rache LY, Brijaldo MH, Romanelli GP, Luque R, Martinez JJ. Biocatalytic transformation of furfural into furfuryl alcohol using resting cells of Bacillus cereus. Catal Today 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2021.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Dynamic Co-Cultivation Process of Corynebacterium glutamicum Strains for the Fermentative Production of Riboflavin. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation7010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Residual streams from lignocellulosic processes contain sugar mixtures of glucose, xylose, and mannose. Here, the industrial workhorse Corynebacterium glutamicum was explored as a research platform for the rational utilization of a multiple sugar substrate. The endogenous manA gene was overexpressed to enhance mannose utilization. The overexpression of the xylA gene from Xanthomonas campestris in combination with the endogenous xylB gene enabled xylose consumption by C. glutamicum. Furthermore, riboflavin production was triggered by overexpressing the sigH gene from C. glutamicum. The resulting strains were studied during batch fermentations in flasks and 2 L lab-scale bioreactors separately using glucose, mannose, xylose, and a mixture of these three sugars as a carbon source. The production of riboflavin and consumption of sugars were improved during fed-batch fermentation thanks to a dynamic inoculation strategy of manA overexpressing strain and xylAB overexpressing strain. The final riboflavin titer, yield, and volumetric productivity from the sugar mixture were 27 mg L−1, 0.52 mg g−1, and 0.25 mg L−1 h−1, respectively. It reached a 56% higher volumetric productivity with 45% less by-product formation compared with an equivalent process inoculated with a single strain overexpressing the genes xylAB and manA combined. The results indicate the advantages of dynamic multi strains processes for the conversion of sugar mixtures.
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Alves de Oliveira R, Schneider R, Vaz Rossell CE, Maciel Filho R, Venus J. Polymer grade l-lactic acid production from sugarcane bagasse hemicellulosic hydrolysate using Bacillus coagulans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Choi JW, Jeon EJ, Jeong KJ. Recent advances in engineering Corynebacterium glutamicum for utilization of hemicellulosic biomass. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2019; 57:17-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Zhou P, Khushk I, Gao Q, Bao J. Tolerance and transcriptional analysis of Corynebacterium glutamicum on biotransformation of toxic furaldehyde and benzaldehyde inhibitory compounds. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 46:951-963. [PMID: 30972584 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-019-02171-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Furaldehydes and benzaldehydes are among the most toxic inhibitors from lignocellulose pretreatment on microbial growth and metabolism. The bioconversion of aldehyde inhibitors into less toxic alcohols or acids (biotransformation) is the prerequisite condition for efficient biorefinery fermentations. This study found that Corynebacterium glutamicum S9114 demonstrated excellent tolerance and biotransformation capacity to five typical aldehyde inhibitors including two furaldehydes: 2-furaldehyde (furfural), 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furaldehyde, and three benzaldehydes: 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde (vanillin), and 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde (syringaldehyde). Transcription levels of 93 genes hypothesized to be responsible for five aldehydes biotransformation were examined by qRT-PCR. Multiple genes showed significantly up-regulated expression against furaldehydes or benzaldehydes. Overexpression of CGS9114_RS01115 in C. glutamicum resulted in the increased conversion of all five aldehyde inhibitors. The significant oxidoreductase genes responsible for each or multiple inhibitors biotransformation identified in this study will serve as a component of key gene device library for robust biorefinery fermentation strains development in the future biorefinery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Imrana Khushk
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Qiuqiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jie Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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Detoxification of sugarcane-derived hemicellulosic hydrolysate using a lactic acid producing strain. J Biotechnol 2018; 278:56-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Kawaguchi H, Yoshihara K, Hara KY, Hasunuma T, Ogino C, Kondo A. Metabolome analysis-based design and engineering of a metabolic pathway in Corynebacterium glutamicum to match rates of simultaneous utilization of D-glucose and L-arabinose. Microb Cell Fact 2018; 17:76. [PMID: 29773073 PMCID: PMC5956887 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-018-0927-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background l-Arabinose is the second most abundant component of hemicellulose in lignocellulosic biomass, next to d-xylose. However, few microorganisms are capable of utilizing pentoses, and catabolic genes and operons enabling bacterial utilization of pentoses are typically subject to carbon catabolite repression by more-preferred carbon sources, such as d-glucose, leading to a preferential utilization of d-glucose over pentoses. In order to simultaneously utilize both d-glucose and l-arabinose at the same rate, a modified metabolic pathway was rationally designed based on metabolome analysis. Results Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 31831 utilized d-glucose and l-arabinose simultaneously at a low concentration (3.6 g/L each) but preferentially utilized d-glucose over l-arabinose at a high concentration (15 g/L each), although l-arabinose and d-glucose were consumed at comparable rates in the absence of the second carbon source. Metabolome analysis revealed that phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase were major bottlenecks for d-glucose and l-arabinose metabolism, respectively. Based on the results of metabolome analysis, a metabolic pathway was engineered by overexpressing pyruvate kinase in combination with deletion of araR, which encodes a repressor of l-arabinose uptake and catabolism. The recombinant strain utilized high concentrations of d-glucose and l-arabinose (15 g/L each) at the same consumption rate. During simultaneous utilization of both carbon sources at high concentrations, intracellular levels of phosphoenolpyruvate declined and acetyl-CoA levels increased significantly as compared with the wild-type strain that preferentially utilized d-glucose. These results suggest that overexpression of pyruvate kinase in the araR deletion strain increased the specific consumption rate of l-arabinose and that citrate synthase activity becomes a new bottleneck in the engineered pathway during the simultaneous utilization of d-glucose and l-arabinose. Conclusions Metabolome analysis identified potential bottlenecks in d-glucose and l-arabinose metabolism and was then applied to the following rational metabolic engineering. Manipulation of only two genes enabled simultaneous utilization of d-glucose and l-arabinose at the same rate in metabolically engineered C. glutamicum. This is the first report of rational metabolic design and engineering for simultaneous hexose and pentose utilization without inactivating the phosphotransferase system. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12934-018-0927-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Kawaguchi
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kumiko Yoshihara
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Y Hara
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.,Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Hasunuma
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Chiaki Ogino
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kondo
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan. .,Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan. .,Biomass Engineering Research Division, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Turumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker F. Wendisch
- Bielefeld University; Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology and CeBiTec; Postfach 100131 33501 Bielefeld Germany
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Becker J, Gießelmann G, Hoffmann SL, Wittmann C. Corynebacterium glutamicum for Sustainable Bioproduction: From Metabolic Physiology to Systems Metabolic Engineering. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 162:217-263. [DOI: 10.1007/10_2016_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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