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Wong PY, Mal J, Sandak A, Luo L, Jian J, Pradhan N. Advances in microbial self-healing concrete: A critical review of mechanisms, developments, and future directions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 947:174553. [PMID: 38972424 PMCID: PMC11299504 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
The self-healing bioconcrete, or bioconcrete as concrete containing microorganisms with self-healing capacities, presents a transformative strategy to extend the service life of concrete structures. This technology harnesses the biological capabilities of specific microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi, which are integral to the material's capacity to autonomously mend cracks, thereby maintaining structural integrity. This review highlights the complex biochemical pathways these organisms utilize to produce healing compounds like calcium carbonate, and how environmental parameters, such as pH, temperature, oxygen, and moisture critically affect the repair efficacy. A comprehensive analysis of recently published peer-reviewed literature, and contemporary experimental research forms the backbone of this review with a focus on microbiological aspects of the self-healing process. The review assesses the challenges facing self-healing bioconcrete, including the longevity of microbial spores and the cost implications for large-scale implementation. Further, attention is given to potential research directions, such as investigating alternative biological agents and optimizing the concrete environment to support microbial activity. The culmination of this investigation is a call to action for integrating self-healing bioconcrete in construction on a broader scale, thereby realizing its potential to fortify infrastructure resilience and sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pui Yan Wong
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Joyabrata Mal
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj 211004, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anna Sandak
- InnoRenew CoE, Livade 6a, 6310 Izola, Slovenia; Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Glagoljaška 8, 6000 Koper, Slovenia; Andrej Marušič Institute, University of Primorska, Titov trg 4, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
| | - Lijun Luo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Jianxiong Jian
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Nirakar Pradhan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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Moita GC, da Silva Liduino V, Sérvulo EFC, Bassin JP, Toledo Filho RD. Comparison of calcium carbonate production by bacterial isolates from recycled aggregates. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:37810-37823. [PMID: 38789704 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33750-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The new technology of microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) has been applied in construction materials as a strategy to enhance their properties. In pursuit of solutions that are more localized and tailored to the study's target, this work focused on isolating and selecting bacteria capable of producing CaCO3 for posterior application in concrete aggregates. First, eleven bacterial isolates were obtained from aggregates and identified as genera Bacillus, Lysinibacillus, Exiguobacterium, and Micrococcus. Then, the strains were compared based on the quantity and nature of calcium carbonate they produced using thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy. Bacillus sp. dominated the cultured isolates and, along with Lysinibacillus sp., exhibited the highest CaCO3 conversion (up to 80%). On the other hand, Exiguobacterium and Micrococcus genera showed the poor ability to MICP (21.3 and 20.3%, respectively). Calcite and vaterite were the dominant carbonate polymorphs, with varying proportions. Concrete aggregates have proven to be a source of microorganisms capable of producing stable calcium carbonates with a high conversion rate. This indicates the feasibility of using microorganisms derived from local sources for application in construction materials as a sustainable way to enhance their characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Ciaramella Moita
- Department of Civil Engineering, COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-972, Brazil
| | - Vitor da Silva Liduino
- School of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-972, Brazil
| | - Eliana Flávia Camporese Sérvulo
- School of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-972, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Bassin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-972, Brazil
| | - Romildo Dias Toledo Filho
- Department of Civil Engineering, COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-972, Brazil.
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Tyagi G, Lahoti M, Srivastava A, Patil D, Jadhav UU, Purekar AS. Bioconcrete-Enabled Resilient Construction: a Review. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:2901-2927. [PMID: 36976510 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04427-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Concrete, the ubiquitous cementitious composite though immensely versatile, is crack-susceptible. Cracks let in deleterious substances causing durability issues. Superseding conventional crack-repair methods, the innovative application of microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICCP) stands prominent, being based on the natural phenomenon of carbonate precipitation. It is eco-friendly, self-activated, economical, and simplistic. Bacteria inside concrete get activated by contacting the environment upon the crack opening and filling the cracks with calcium carbonate-their metabolic waste. This work systematizes MICCP's intricacies and reviews state-of-the-art literature on practical technicalities in its materialization and testing. Explored are the latest advances in various aspects of MICCP, such as bacteria species, calcium sources, encapsulations, aggregates, and the techniques of bio-calcification and curing. Furthermore, methodologies for crack formation, crack observation, property analysis of healed test subject, and present techno-economic limitations are examined. The work serves as a succinct, implementation-ready, and latest review for MICCP's application, giving tailorable control over the enormous variations in this bio-mimetic technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Tyagi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Waknaghat, 173234, India
- Department of Civil Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Faculty Division 1, BITS, Pilani Campus, Pilani, 333031, India
| | - Mukund Lahoti
- Department of Civil Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Faculty Division 1, BITS, Pilani Campus, Pilani, 333031, India.
| | - Anshuman Srivastava
- Department of Civil Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Faculty Division 1, BITS, Pilani Campus, Pilani, 333031, India
| | - Deeksha Patil
- Department of Microbiology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Umesh U Jadhav
- Department of Microbiology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Aniruddha S Purekar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Faculty Division 1, BITS, Pilani Campus, Pilani, 333031, India
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M KS, Alengaram UJ, Ibrahim S, Vello V, Phang SM. Investigation on the enhancement of crack restoration properties in cement incorporated with Arthrospira platensis cultured in modified medium. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:25538-25558. [PMID: 38478311 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32784-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the potential use of microalgae as partial cement replacement to heal cracks in cement mortar. Microbially induced calcite (CaCO3) precipitation (MICP) from Arthrospira platensis (A. platensis) (UMACC162) was utilised for crack-healing applications. Microalgae was cultivated in Kosaric Media (KM) together with filtered cement water (FCW), and used as a cement replacement material. The microalgal species was further evaluated for its capacity and adaptability towards large-scale culturing. The results showed that A. platensis could adapt and survive in cement water solution and cement mortar, suggesting the potential for self-healing in cement mortar. Further, the cultured species grown in both conditions (KM and KM & FCW) were harvested and incorporated into the cement mortar as a partial cement replacement material at different levels of 5%, 10%, 20%, and 30% of cement weight. The cement mortars partially replaced with microalgae were cured in water for 28 days. Pre-cracks were induced in the cured mortar with the 75% of their ultimate load. It took just 14 days for the microalgae-incorporated mortar to heal the cracks. The specimens with microalgae cultured in FCW showed a better performance and recovered 59% of their strength, with a maximum healed crack width of 0.7 mm. In terms of water tightness and porosity, they are comparable to the control mortar. The compressive strength measurements indicated the formation of calcite aggregate (crystal) that sealed the surface cracks, which was confirmed by a microstructural analysis. The results also demonstrate that the incorporation of microalgae into cement produced a self-healing effect, providing a new direction for crack healing. Additionally, the investigation indicated that replacing cement with microalgae reduced CO2 emissions by as much as 30%, with a substitution of 30% of microalgae. Exploring microalgae as a cement replacement could reduce carbon emissions and improve the state of the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthick Srinivas M
- Centre for Innovative Construction Technology (CICT), Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - U Johnson Alengaram
- Centre for Innovative Construction Technology (CICT), Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Shaliza Ibrahim
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences (IOES), Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Vejeysri Vello
- Centre for Innovative Construction Technology (CICT), Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences (IOES), Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siew Moi Phang
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences (IOES), Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Li Z, Liu A, Sun C, Li H, Kong Z, Zhai H. Biomineralization Process of CaCO 3 Precipitation Induced by Bacillus mucilaginous and Its Potential Application in Microbial Self-healing Concrete. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:1896-1920. [PMID: 37440115 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04634-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Microbial induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) is widely common in nature, which belongs to biomineralization and has been explored carefully in recent decades. The paper studied the effect of temperature, initial pH value and Ca2+ concentration on bacterial growth and carbonic anhydrase activity, and then revealed the biomineralization process through the changes of Ca2+ concentration and calcification rate in alkali environment. Meanwhile, microbial healing agent containing spores and calcium nitrate was prepared and used for the early age concrete cracks repair. The self-healing efficiency was assessed by crack closure rate and water permeability repair rate. The experimental results showed that when the optimal temperature was 30 °C, the pH was 8.0-11.0, and the optimal Ca2+ concentration was 0-90 mM, the bacteria could grow better and the carbonic anhydrase activity was higher. Compared with reference, the crack closure rate with the crack width up to 0.339 mm could reach 95.62% and the water permeability repair rate was 87.54% after 28 d healing time of dry-wet cycles. XRD analysis showed that the precipitates at the crack mouth were calcite CaCO3. Meanwhile, the self-healing mechanism of mortar cracks was discussed in detail. In particular, there is no other pollution in the whole mineralization process, and the self-healing system is environmentally friendly, which provides a novel idea and method for the application of microbial self-healing concrete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfang Li
- Shandong Hi-Speed Urban & Rural Development Group CO., LTD, Shang Dong, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Aizhu Liu
- Shandong Hi-Speed Urban & Rural Development Group CO., LTD, Shang Dong, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Chunhui Sun
- Shandong Hi-Speed Urban & Rural Development Group CO., LTD, Shang Dong, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Haitao Li
- Shandong Hi-Speed Urban & Rural Development Group CO., LTD, Shang Dong, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Zheng Kong
- Shandong Hi-Speed Urban & Rural Development Group CO., LTD, Shang Dong, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Haoran Zhai
- Shandong Hi-Speed Urban & Rural Development Group CO., LTD, Shang Dong, Jinan, 250014, China.
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Zhang M, Ji J, Liu L, Guo Y, Chen J. Response of microbial communities to nutrient removal in coastal sediment by using ecological concrete. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27386-3. [PMID: 37155101 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27386-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Ecological concrete (eco-concrete) is a kind of environment-friendly material with porous characteristics. In this study, the eco-concrete was used to remove the total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and total organic carbon (TOC) in marine coastal sediment. The bacterial communities in sediment and on eco-concrete surface were also investigated by using high-throughput sequencing and quantitative PCR of 16S rRNA gene. We found that the mean removal efficiencies of TN, TP, and TOC in treatment group were 8.3%, 8.4%, and 12.3% after 28 days. The bacterial community composition in the treatment group was significantly different from that in the control group on day 28. In addition, the bacterial community composition on eco-concrete surface was slightly different from that in sediment, and the copy numbers of 16S rRNA gene were higher on eco-concrete surface than in sediment. The types of eco-concrete aggregates (gravel, pebble, and zeolite) also had effects on the bacterial community composition and 16S rRNA gene copy numbers. Furthermore, we found the abundant genus Sulfurovum increased significantly on eco-concrete surface in the treatment group after 28 days. Bacteria belonging to this genus were found having denitrification ability and were commonly detected in bioreactors for nitrate removal. Overall, our study expands the application scopes of eco-concrete and suggests that the bacterial communities in eco-concrete can potentially enhance the removal efficiency of nutrients in coastal sediment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Zhang
- School of Advanced Manufacturing, Fuzhou University, Jinjiang, 362200, China
- Marine Engineering Research and Development Center of Jinjiang Science and Education Park, Fuzhou University, Jinjiang, 362200, China
- Institute of Natural Products and Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Jiannan Ji
- Marine Engineering Research and Development Center of Jinjiang Science and Education Park, Fuzhou University, Jinjiang, 362200, China
- Institute of Natural Products and Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Lemian Liu
- School of Advanced Manufacturing, Fuzhou University, Jinjiang, 362200, China.
- Marine Engineering Research and Development Center of Jinjiang Science and Education Park, Fuzhou University, Jinjiang, 362200, China.
- Institute of Natural Products and Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China.
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China.
| | - Yisong Guo
- School of Advanced Manufacturing, Fuzhou University, Jinjiang, 362200, China
- Marine Engineering Research and Development Center of Jinjiang Science and Education Park, Fuzhou University, Jinjiang, 362200, China
- Institute of Natural Products and Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Jianfeng Chen
- School of Advanced Manufacturing, Fuzhou University, Jinjiang, 362200, China
- Marine Engineering Research and Development Center of Jinjiang Science and Education Park, Fuzhou University, Jinjiang, 362200, China
- Institute of Natural Products and Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
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Using sodium alginate aided bio-treatment for improving the uniformity of precipitates on recycled aggregates. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:1525-1536. [PMID: 36707421 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12394-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The recycled concrete aggregates have high porosity and water absorption, which hinders their utilization in concrete production. Microbial-induced calcium carbonate precipitation was regarded as a very promising method for strengthening recycled aggregates. However, the uneven distribution of CaCO3 on surface of aggregates encountered in the current bio-deposition treatment weakened the efficiency, especially in the aspect of the decrease of water absorption. Therefore, this study innovatively applied a sodium alginate aided bio-deposition treatment to improve the uniform distribution of biogenic CaCO3. The principle was that sodium alginate was used to uniformly "fix" the bio-agents (urea or bacterial cells) on the surface of recycled aggregates, which was supposed to promote the uniform in-situ precipitation of CaCO3 on the surface of aggregates, and hence effectively blocking surface pores, and reducing the water absorption of the aggregates. Two concentrations of sodium alginate (0.2w% and 0.5w%) and four sodium alginate aided bio-deposition treatments were studied. It was found that CaCO3 (a mass increase of 4.05%) was formed on the aggregates after the suitable sodium alginate aided bio-deposition treatment. The participation of sodium alginate made CaCO3 uniformly deposited on full surface of the aggregates, resulting in a significant decrease (42.10%) of water absorption. The biogenic CaCO3 showed limited mass loss under ultrasonic attack, indicated a strong cohesion and bonding strength with aggregates. The results demonstrated that sodium alginate-aided bio-deposition treatment can enhance the efficiency, which was beneficial to improve the quality of recycled aggregates and their utilization of recycled aggregates in concrete production. KEY POINTS: • The SA-aided bio-treatment promoted the distribution uniformity of CaCO3 on aggregates. • The water absorption of aggregates decreased by 42.10%. • The formed CaCO3 showed excellent cohesion and adhesion.
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Zhang W, Zhang H, Xu R, Qin H, Liu H, Zhao K. Heavy metal bioremediation using microbially induced carbonate precipitation: Key factors and enhancement strategies. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1116970. [PMID: 36819016 PMCID: PMC9932936 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1116970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
With the development of economy, heavy metal (HM) contamination has become an issue of global concern, seriously threating animal and human health. Looking for appropriate methods that decrease their bioavailability in the environment is crucial. Microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) has been proposed as a promising bioremediation method to immobilize contaminating metals in a sustainable, eco-friendly, and energy saving manner. However, its performance is always affected by many factors in practical application, both intrinsic and external. This paper mainly introduced ureolytic bacteria-induced carbonate precipitation and its implements in HM bioremediation. The mechanism of HM immobilization and in-situ application strategies (that is, biostimulation and bioaugmentation) of MICP are briefly discussed. The bacterial strains, culture media, as well as HMs characteristics, pH and temperature, etc. are all critical factors that control the success of MICP in HM bioremediation. The survivability and tolerance of ureolytic bacteria under harsh conditions, especially in HM contaminated areas, have been a bottleneck for an effective application of MICP in bioremediation. The effective strategies for enhancing tolerance of bacteria to HMs and improving the MICP performance were categorized to provide an in-depth overview of various biotechnological approaches. Finally, the technical barriers and future outlook are discussed. This review may provide insights into controlling MICP treatment technique for further field applications, in order to enable better control and performance in the complex and ever-changing environmental systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China,*Correspondence: Wenchao Zhang,
| | - Hong Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruyue Xu
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Haichen Qin
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Hengwei Liu
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Kun Zhao
- Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China,Insitute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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Bandyopadhyay A, Saha A, Ghosh D, Dam B, Samanta AK, Dutta S. Microbial repairing of concrete & its role in CO2 sequestration: a critical review. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1186/s43088-023-00344-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Being the most widely used construction material, concrete health is considered a very important aspect from the structural point of view. Microcracks in concrete cause water and chlorine ions to enter the structure, causing the concrete to degrade and the reinforcement to corrode, posing an unacceptable level of structural risk. Hence repair of these cracks in an eco-friendly and cost-effective way is in the interest of various researchers. Microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP) is an effective way considered by various researchers to heal those concrete cracks along with an important environmental contribution of CO2 (carbon dioxide) sequestration in the process.
Main content
As the current concentration of CO2 in the earth’s atmosphere is about 412 ppm, it possesses a deadly threat to the environmental issue of global warming. The use of bacteria for MICP can not only be a viable solution to repairing concrete cracks but also can play an important role of CO2 arrestation in carbonate form. This will help in carbon level management to lessen the adverse effects of this greenhouse gas on the atmospheric environment, particularly on the climate. To overcome the insufficiency of studies concentrating on this aspect, this review article focuses on the metabolic pathways and mechanisms of MICP and highlights the value of MICP for CO2 arrestation/sequestration from the atmosphere during the process of self-healing of concrete cracks, which is also the novelty of this work. An overview of recent studies on the implementation of MICP in concrete crack repair is used to discuss and analyse the factors influencing the effectiveness of MICP in the process, including various approaches used for CO2 sequestration. Furthermore, this investigation concentrates on finding the scope of work in the same field for the most effective ways of CO2 sequestration in the process of self-healing cracks of concrete.
Conclusion
In a prospective study, MICP can be an effective technology for CO2 sequestration in concrete crack repair, as it can reduce adverse environmental impacts and provide greener environment. This critical study concludes that MICP can bear a significant role in arrestation/sequestration of CO2, under proper atmospheric conditions with a cautious selection of microorganisms and its nutrient for the MICP procedure.
Graphical Abstract
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Improvement of microstructure of cementitious composites by microbially-induced calcite precipitation. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:76. [PMID: 36637547 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03517-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, microstructural improvement of cementitious composites was achieved by bacterial CaCO3 precipitation using three bacterial species, namely Sporosarcina pasteurii, Bacillus cereus, and Actinobacteria sp. M135-3, respectively. The final product was comparatively investigated regarding the physical effects of urease activity of different cells on the mortar in the long term.Microstructural improvement was determined by evaluating the pore structure by determining the increase in strength, decrease in water absorption, and capillary water absorption rate of the cement mortars having different microorganism concentrations (106-109 bacteria/ml). These measurements were taken on bacteria-containing and control samples on the 2nd, 7th, 28th, and 56th days, respectively. In addition, calcite and vaterite as calcium carbonate polymorphs formed by the precipitation of calcium carbonate by three types of bacteria were identified by Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Thermogravimetric analysis - Differential scanning calorimetry (TGA-DSC) analyzes.The bacteria-containing mortar samples showed that bacterial species and concentrations directly affect cementitious composites' mechanical and physical properties. Composite samples containing bacteria resulted in statistically significant microstructural improvements measured by higher mechanical strength, lower water absorption value, and capillary water absorption rate compared to control samples, especially at early ages. However, the effect of microbial calcite formation diminishes at later ages, especially at 56-days, attributed to the bacteria cells losing their vitality and integrity and forming spaces inside the mortars.
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Impact of a biorepair treatment on the diversity of calcifying bacterial communities at the surface of cracked concrete walls. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 107:187-200. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12313-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Jakubovskis R, Boris R. The Construction of a Footbridge Prototype with Biological Self-Healing Concrete: A Field Study in a Humid Continental Climate Region. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8585. [PMID: 36500081 PMCID: PMC9739623 DOI: 10.3390/ma15238585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Biological self-healing concrete (BSHC) offers a sustainable and economical way of increasing the lifespan of structures vulnerable to cracking. In recent decades, an enormous research effort has been dedicated to developing and optimizing the bacterial healing process. Nevertheless, most studies have been carried out under laboratory conditions. To verify the effectiveness and longevity of the embedded healing systems under normal service conditions, field studies on BSHC structures must be performed. In the present study, BSHC beams were designed as a structural part of a prototype footbridge. To select the optimal BSHC mix composition, a series of laboratory tests were also carried out. Laboratory tests have shown that the healing ratio in BSHC elements under rain-simulating healing conditions was several times higher in comparison to control specimens. Based on the laboratory results, the BSHC mix composition was selected and applied for structural bridge beams. To the best of the authors' knowledge, the present study reports the first application of BSHC in a prototype footbridge. The long-term data gathered on the healing process in a humid continental climate zone will allow the benefits of biological self-healing to be quantitatively evaluated and will pave the way for the further optimization of this material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronaldas Jakubovskis
- Laboratory of Innovative Building Structures, Institute of Building and Bridge Structures, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Sauletekio 11, 10223 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Department of Reinforced Concrete Structures and Geotechnics, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Sauletekio 11, 10223 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Renata Boris
- Laboratory of Composite Materials, Institute of Building Materials, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Sauletekio 11, 10223 Vilnius, Lithuania
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Su Y, Jin P. Application of encapsulated expanded vermiculites as carriers of microorganisms and nutrients in self-repairing concrete. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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14
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Rui Y, Qian C. Characteristics of Different Bacteria and Their Induced Biominerals. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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15
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Šovljanski O, Tomić A, Markov S. Relationship between Bacterial Contribution and Self-Healing Effect of Cement-Based Materials. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071399. [PMID: 35889117 PMCID: PMC9322135 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The civil research community has been attracted to self-healing bacterial-based concrete as a potential solution in the economy 4.0 era. This concept provides more sustainable material with a longer lifetime due to the reduction of crack appearance and the need for anthropogenic impact. Regardless of the achievements in this field, the gap in the understanding of the importance of the bacterial role in self-healing concrete remains. Therefore, understanding the bacterial life cycle in the self-healing effect of cement-based materials and selecting the most important relationship between bacterial contribution, self-healing effect, and material characteristics through the process of microbiologically (bacterially) induced carbonate precipitation is just the initial phase for potential applications in real environmental conditions. The concept of this study offers the possibility to recognize the importance of the bacterial life cycle in terms of application in extreme conditions of cement-based materials and maintaining bacterial roles during the self-healing effect.
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Amini AB, Koucheh MF, Babakhani S, Kafil HS, Fahmi A. Improvement of Mortar Samples Using the Bacterial Suspension Cultured in the Industrial Corn Steep Liquor Media. Ind Biotechnol (New Rochelle N Y) 2022. [DOI: 10.1089/ind.2022.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Samira Babakhani
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Bonab, Bonab Iran
| | - Hossein Samadi Kafil
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Fahmi
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Bonab, Bonab Iran
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Leeprasert L, Chonudomkul D, Boonmak C. Biocalcifying Potential of Ureolytic Bacteria Isolated from Soil for Biocementation and Material Crack Repair. Microorganisms 2022; 10:963. [PMID: 35630407 PMCID: PMC9143465 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10050963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) has been highlighted for its application in civil engineering, and in the environmental and geotechnical fields. Ureolytic activity is one of the most promising bacterial mechanisms in terms of inducing calcium carbonate formation. In this study, four bacterial isolates with high-yield urease production capabilities were obtained from two-step screening using a high-buffered urea medium. The highest urease activity and calcium carbonate formation was observed in Lysinibacillus fusiformis 5.1 with 4.40 × 103 unit/L of urease and 24.15 mg/mL of calcium carbonate, followed by Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus 4.3 with 3.93 × 103 unit/L of urease and 22.85 mg/mL of calcium carbonate. The microstructure of the precipitated crystalline calcium carbonate was observed using scanning electron microscopy. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that the main polymorph of the calcium carbonate particle obtained from both isolates was calcite. Examination of the material-crack filling in mortar specimens showed that calcite layers had formed along the crack edges and inside after 10 days, and gradually filled the cracks up to the upper surface. These results showed that these two isolates presented robust characteristics of potential MICP-inducing bacteria for civil engineering and material engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laxmi Leeprasert
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (L.L.); (D.C.)
| | - Duenrut Chonudomkul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (L.L.); (D.C.)
- Biodiversity Center Kasetsart University (BDCKU), Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Chanita Boonmak
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (L.L.); (D.C.)
- Biodiversity Center Kasetsart University (BDCKU), Bangkok 10900, Thailand
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18
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Effect of Immobilizing Bacillus megaterium on the Compressive Strength and Water Absorption of Mortar. J CHEM-NY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/7752812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The world’s growing population and industrialization have led to increased construction activities. This has increased the amount of waste aggregates which can be recycled in construction and cut the cost of infrastructure development. This study, therefore, reports the experimental findings for the effect of immobilizing Bacillus megaterium on the compressive strength and water absorption of laboratory prepared test mortar. Bacterial solution used in this work had a concentration of 1.0 × 107 cells/mL. The impact of recycled mortar impregnated with bacteria was studied after curing the specimens in water, saturated lime water, and 1.5% sulfuric acid. Compressive strength for test specimens cured in the three media was determined at the 2nd, 7th, 28th, and 56th day of curing. SEM analysis was done for mortars cured in acidic media and saturated lime water after curing for 28 days. The test results indicated that curing in water and saturated water improved the compressive strength, while the acidic medium lowered it. Recycled mortar is, therefore, an ideal material for immobilizing Bacillus megaterium before introduction into fresh concrete/mortar. The use of recycled mortar is a good strategy to reduce wastes from construction activities, save on the cost of construction materials, and enhance environmental conservation.
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19
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Zhao J, Csetenyi L, Gadd GM. Fungal-induced CaCO 3 and SrCO 3 precipitation: a potential strategy for bioprotection of concrete. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 816:151501. [PMID: 34762953 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biomineralization of CaCO3 by microorganisms is a well-documented process considered applicable to concrete self-healing and metal bioremediation. Urea hydrolysis is the most widely explored and efficient pathway regarding concrete bioprotection. However, the potential of fungi has received relatively little attention compared to bacteria. In this work, we show that Fusarium cerealis, Phoma herbarum and Mucor hiemalis, isolated from concrete, could produce 828.6-941.3 mg L-1 ammonium‑nitrogen in liquid media through urea hydrolysis indicating significant urease activity, and could grow in moderate (pH 8.3) or even extremely alkaline (pH 10.6) conditions. After culture in media containing 50 mM CaCl2, at least 48.8% Ca2+ was removed from solution by the selected fungi as calcite. The accumulation of Ca by the biomass was around 83.64-114.21 mg g-1. In addition, all fungi could mediate strontium carbonate formation with F. cerealis processing the highest ability for Sr removal, with ~61% added Sr being removed from solution. Scanning electron microscopy showed carbonate biominerals were encrusted on hyphae or aggregated in fungal pellets. When equivalent concentrations of Ca2+ and Sr2+ were supplemented to the media, CaCO3 with incorporated Sr formed with F. cerealis and M. hiemalis, and Sr(Sr, Ca)(CO3)2 with P. herbarum. Our results demonstrate the potential of fungi in providing carbonate coatings for concrete surfaces and simultaneous immobilization of Sr. We anticipate our work will promote further practical field research on porous cementitious materials protection by fungi and immobilization of potentially toxic metals from metal-laden ingredients, such as fly ash and granulated ground blast furnace slag.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayue Zhao
- Geomicrobiology Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
| | - Laszlo Csetenyi
- Concrete Technology Group, Department of Civil Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 4HN, Scotland, UK
| | - Geoffrey Michael Gadd
- Geomicrobiology Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK; State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, College of Science and Environment, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China.
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20
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Kaur P, Singh V, Arora A. Microbial Concrete-a Sustainable Solution for Concrete Construction. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:1401-1416. [PMID: 34716869 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03604-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the ever-increasing demand of construction and construction materials worldwide, concrete is the most extensively used material for construction purposes almost next to the water. Therefore, there is a dire need of clean, green and durable concrete. Recently, an environmentally friendly strategy has been employed to manufacture bio-concrete by the usage of microorganisms in the traditional concrete to enhance its durability and compressive strength. In this review, we discuss the role of microbes in influencing the various properties of concrete such as compressive strength, flexural strength and tensile strength by reducing the concrete porosity and diminishing water absorption. The mechanism of microbial-induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) in the traditional concrete by the action of microbes which resulted in the formation of bio-concrete as an improved building material has also been discussed. Additionally, an in-depth comparative analysis of the performance of bio-concrete with the traditional concrete synthesized from various industrial wastes such as silica fume, rice husk ash and metakaolin in terms of different properties such as compressive strength, flexural strength and percentage water absorption has been presented. This review highlights the impact of usage of microbes in the conventional concrete to produce novel and eco-friendly bio-concrete in construction technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parampreet Kaur
- Department of Civil Engineering, Shaheed Bhagat Singh State University, Ferozepur, India.
- Department of Civil Engineering, Guru Kashi University, Talwandi Sabo, Bathinda, Punjab, India.
| | - Varinder Singh
- Department of Civil Engineering, Guru Kashi University, Talwandi Sabo, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Amit Arora
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Shaheed Bhagat Singh State University, Ferozepur, India
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21
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22
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Koner S, Chen JS, Hsu BM, Tan CW, Fan CW, Chen TH, Hussain B, Nagarajan V. Assessment of Carbon Substrate Catabolism Pattern and Functional Metabolic Pathway for Microbiota of Limestone Caves. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9081789. [PMID: 34442868 PMCID: PMC8398112 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon utilization of bacterial communities is a key factor of the biomineralization process in limestone-rich curst areas. An efficient carbon catabolism of the microbial community is associated with the availability of carbon sources in such an ecological niche. As cave environments promote oligotrophic (carbon source stress) situations, the present study investigated the variations of different carbon substrate utilization patterns of soil and rock microbial communities between outside and inside cave environments in limestone-rich crust topography by Biolog EcoPlate™ assay and categorized their taxonomical structure and predicted functional metabolic pathways based on 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Community level physiological profiling (CLPP) analysis by Biolog EcoPlate™ assay revealed that microbes from outside of the cave were metabolically active and had higher carbon source utilization rate than the microbial community inside the cave. 16S rRNA amplicon sequence analysis demonstrated, among eight predominant bacterial phylum Planctomycetes, Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, and Nitrospirae were predominantly associated with outside-cave samples, whereas Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Gemmatimonadetes were associated with inside-cave samples. Functional prediction showed bacterial communities both inside and outside of the cave were functionally involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids, lipids, xenobiotic compounds, energy metabolism, and environmental information processing. However, the amino acid and carbohydrate metabolic pathways were predominantly linked to the outside-cave samples, while xenobiotic compounds, lipids, other amino acids, and energy metabolism were associated with inside-cave samples. Overall, a positive correlation was observed between Biolog EcoPlate™ assay carbon utilization and the abundance of functional metabolic pathways in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suprokash Koner
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi City 621, Taiwan; (S.K.); (B.H.)
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi City 621, Taiwan; (C.-W.F.); (V.N.)
| | - Jung-Sheng Chen
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan;
| | - Bing-Mu Hsu
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi City 621, Taiwan; (C.-W.F.); (V.N.)
- Center for Innovative on Aging Society (CIRAS), National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi City 621, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-5272-0411 (ext. 66218)
| | - Chao-Wen Tan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi City 600, Taiwan;
| | - Cheng-Wei Fan
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi City 621, Taiwan; (C.-W.F.); (V.N.)
| | - Tsung-Hsien Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi City 600, Taiwan;
| | - Bashir Hussain
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi City 621, Taiwan; (S.K.); (B.H.)
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi City 621, Taiwan; (C.-W.F.); (V.N.)
| | - Viji Nagarajan
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi City 621, Taiwan; (C.-W.F.); (V.N.)
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23
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Effect of bio-mineralization on concrete performance: Carbonation, microhardness, gas permeability and Cl- migration. Biochem Eng J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.108024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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24
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Ureolytic MICP-Based Self-Healing Mortar under Artificial Seawater Incubation. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13094834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ureolytic microbial-induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) is a promising green technique for addressing sustainable building concerns by promoting self-healing mortar development. This paper deals with bacteria-based self-healing mortar under artificial seawater incubation for the sake of fast crack sealing with sufficient calcium resource supply. The ureolytic MICP mechanism was explored by morphology characterization and compositional analysis. With polyvinyl alcohol fiber reinforcement, self-healing mortar beams were produced and bent to generate 0.4 mm width cracks at the bottom. The crack-sealing capacity was evaluated at an age of 7 days, 14 days, and 28 days, suggesting a 1-week and 2-week healing time for 7-day- and 14-day-old samples. However, the 28-day-old ones failed to heal the cracks completely. The precipitation crystals filling the crack gap were identified as mainly vaterite with cell imprints. Moreover, fiber surface was found to be adhered by bacterial precipitates indicating fiber–matrix interfacial bond repair.
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25
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Influences of different calcium sources on the early age cracks of self-healing cementitious mortar. Biochem Eng J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Zhao J, Tong H, Shan Y, Yuan J, Peng Q, Liang J. Effects of Different Types of Fibers on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of MICP-Treated Calcareous Sand. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14020268. [PMID: 33430360 PMCID: PMC7825789 DOI: 10.3390/ma14020268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Microbial-induced calcite precipitation (MICP) has been a promising method to improve geotechnical engineering properties through the precipitation of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) on the contact and surface of soil particles in recent years. In the present experiment, water absorption and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests were carried out to investigate the effects of three different fiber types (glass fiber, polyester fiber, and hemp fiber) on the physical and mechanical properties of MICP-treated calcareous sand. The fibers used were at 0%, 0.10%, 0.15%, 0.20%, 0.25%, 0.30%, 0.35%, and 0.40% relative to the weight of the sand. The results showed that the failure strain and ductility of the samples could be improved by adding fibers. Compared to biocemented sand (BS), the water absorption of these three fiber-reinforced biocemented sands were, respectively, decreased by 11.60%, 21.18%, and 7.29%. UCS was, respectively, increased by 24.20%, 60.76%, and 6.40%. Polyester fiber produced the best effect, followed by glass fiber and hemp fiber. The optimum contents of glass fiber and polyester fiber were 0.20% and 0.25%, respectively. The optimum content of hemp fiber was within the range of 0.20–0.25%. Light-emitting diode (LED) microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images lead to the conclusion that only a little calcite precipitation had occurred around the hemp fiber, leading to a poor bonding effect compared to the glass and polyester fibers. It was therefore suggested that polyester fiber should be used to improve the properties of biocemented sand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitong Zhao
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (J.Z.); (H.T.); (Y.S.); (J.L.)
| | - Huawei Tong
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (J.Z.); (H.T.); (Y.S.); (J.L.)
| | - Yi Shan
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (J.Z.); (H.T.); (Y.S.); (J.L.)
| | - Jie Yuan
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (J.Z.); (H.T.); (Y.S.); (J.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Qiuwang Peng
- Foshan Railway Investment Construction Group Co., Ltd., Foshan 528000, China;
| | - Junling Liang
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (J.Z.); (H.T.); (Y.S.); (J.L.)
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27
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Studies on Biocementation of Mortar and Identification of Causative Bacteria. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-020-05040-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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28
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Bacteria incorporated with calcium lactate pentahydrate to improve the mortar properties and self-healing occurrence. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17873. [PMID: 33087729 PMCID: PMC7578004 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74127-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Concrete can be harmful to the environment due to its high energy consumption and CO2 emission and also has a potential crack formation, which can promote a drop in its strength. Therefore, concrete is considered as a non-sustainable material. The mechanisms by which bacterial oxidation of organic carbon can precipitate calcite that may fill the voids and cracks on cement-based materials have been extensively investigated to prevent and heal the micro-cracks formation. Hence, this study focused on utilizing a new alkaliphilic bacterial strain indigenous to an Indonesian site, Lysinibacillus sphaericus strain SKC/VA-1, incorporated with calcium lactate pentahydrate, as a low-cost calcium source, with various bacterial inoculum concentrations. The bacterium was employed in this study due to its ability to adapt to basic pH, thus improving the physical properties and rejuvenating the micro-cracks. Experimentally, the addition of calcium lactate pentahydrate slightly affected the mortar properties. Likewise, bacteria-incorporated mortar exhibited an enhancement in the physical properties of mortar. The highest improvement of mechanical properties (an increase of 45% and 36% for compressive and indirect tensile strength, respectively) was achieved by the addition of calcium lactate pentahydrate incorporated with 10% v/v bacterial inoculum [about 7 × 107 CFU/ml (colony-forming unit/ml)]. The self-healing took place more rapidly on bacterial mortar supplemented with calcium lactate pentahydrate than on the control specimen. XRD analysis demonstrated that the mineralogical composition of self-healing precipitates was primarily dominated by calcite (CaCO3), indicating the capacity of L. sphaericus strain SKC/VA-1 to precipitate calcite through organic carbon oxidation for self-healing the artificial crack on the mortar. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the potential utilization of the bacterium L. sphaericus incorporated with calcium lactate pentahydrate to increase the mortar properties, including its self-healing ability. However, further study with the water-cement ratio variation is required to investigate the possibility of using L. sphaericus and calcium lactate pentahydrate as an alternative method rather than reducing the water-cement ratio to enhance the mortar properties.
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29
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A correlation study on optimum conditions of microbial precipitation and prerequisites for self-healing concrete. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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30
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Favero-Longo SE, Viles HA. A review of the nature, role and control of lithobionts on stone cultural heritage: weighing-up and managing biodeterioration and bioprotection. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 36:100. [PMID: 32607867 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02878-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lithobionts (rock-dwelling organisms) have been recognized as agents of aesthetic and physico-chemical deterioration of stonework. In consequence, their removal from cultural heritage stone surfaces (CHSS) is widely considered a necessary step in conservation interventions. On the other hand, lithobiontic communities, including microbial biofilms ('biological patinas'), can help integrate CHSS with their environmental setting and enhance biodiversity. Moreover, in some cases bioprotective effects have been reported and even interpreted as potential biotechnological solutions for conservation. This paper reviews the plethora of traditional and innovative methodologies to characterize lithobionts on CHSS in terms of biodiversity, interaction with the stone substrate and impacts on durability. In order to develop the best management and conservation strategies for CHSS, such diagnosis should be acquired on a case-by-case basis, as generalized approaches are unlikely to be suitable for all lithobionts, lithologies, environmental and cultural contexts or types of stonework. Strategies to control biodeteriogenic lithobionts on CHSS should similarly be based on experimental evaluation of their efficacy, including long-term monitoring of the effects on bioreceptivity, and of their environmental safety. This review examines what is known about the efficacy of control methods based on traditional-commercial biocides, as well as those based on innovative application of substances of plant and microbial origin, and physical techniques. A framework for providing a balanced scientific assessment of the role of lithobionts on CHSS and integrating this knowledge into management and conservation decision-making is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Enrico Favero-Longo
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Università degli Studi di Torino, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125, Torino, Italy.
| | - Heather A Viles
- School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK
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31
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Qin W, Wang CY, Ma YX, Shen MJ, Li J, Jiao K, Tay FR, Niu LN. Microbe-Mediated Extracellular and Intracellular Mineralization: Environmental, Industrial, and Biotechnological Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1907833. [PMID: 32270552 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201907833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microbe-mediated mineralization is ubiquitous in nature, involving bacteria, fungi, viruses, and algae. These mineralization processes comprise calcification, silicification, and iron mineralization. The mechanisms for mineral formation include extracellular and intracellular biomineralization. The mineral precipitating capability of microbes is often harnessed for green synthesis of metal nanoparticles, which are relatively less toxic compared with those synthesized through physical or chemical methods. Microbe-mediated mineralization has important applications ranging from pollutant removal and nonreactive carriers, to other industrial and biomedical applications. Herein, the different types of microbe-mediated biomineralization that occur in nature, their mechanisms, as well as their applications are elucidated to create a backdrop for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chen-Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Min-Juan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kai Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Franklin R Tay
- College of Graduate Studies, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Li-Na Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
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Metabolic processes applied to endangered metal and wood heritage objects: Call a microbial plumber! N Biotechnol 2020; 56:21-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Jung Y, Kim W, Kim W, Park W. Complete Genome and Calcium Carbonate Precipitation of Alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. AK13 for Self-Healing Concrete. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 30:404-416. [PMID: 31693829 PMCID: PMC9728366 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1908.08044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria that are resistant to high temperatures and alkaline environments are essential for the biological repair of damaged concrete. Alkaliphilic and halotolerant Bacillus sp. AK13 was isolated from the rhizosphere of Miscanthus sacchariflorus. Unlike other tested Bacillus species, the AK13 strain grows at pH 13 and withstands 11% (w/v) NaCl. Growth of the AK13 strain at elevated pH without urea promoted calcium carbonate (CaCO3) formation. Irregular vateritelike CaCO3 minerals that were tightly attached to cells were observed using field-emission scanning electron microscopy. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and X-ray diffraction analyses confirmed the presence of CaCO3 around the cell. Isotope ration mass spectrometry analysis confirmed that the majority of CO32- ions in the CaCO3 were produced by cellular respiration rather than being derived from atmospheric carbon dioxide. The minerals produced from calcium acetate-added growth medium formed smaller crystals than those formed in calcium lactate-added medium. Strain AK13 appears to heal cracks on mortar specimens when applied as a pelletized spore powder. Alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. AK13 is a promising candidate for self-healing agents in concrete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonhee Jung
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Seed Technology, Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 0284, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonjae Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Environmental Microbiology, Department of Environmental Sciences and Ecological Engineering, Korea
| | - Wook Kim
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Seed Technology, Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 0284, Republic of Korea,W.K. Phone: +82-2-3290-3067 Fax: +82-2-953-0737
| | - Woojun Park
- Laboratory of Molecular Environmental Microbiology, Department of Environmental Sciences and Ecological Engineering, Korea,Corresponding author W.P. E-mail:
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Rischer H, Szilvay GR, Oksman-Caldentey KM. Cellular agriculture — industrial biotechnology for food and materials. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2020; 61:128-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Jena S, Basa B, Panda KC, Sahoo NK. Impact of Bacillus subtilis bacterium on the properties of concrete. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.03.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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36
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Zhang Z, Weng Y, Ding Y, Qian S. Use of Genetically Modified Bacteria to Repair Cracks in Concrete. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12233912. [PMID: 31779264 PMCID: PMC6926745 DOI: 10.3390/ma12233912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we studied the crack-repair by spraying bacteria-based liquid around the cracks in concrete. To enhance the repair efficiency and speed up the repair process, the transposon mutagenesis method was employed to modify the genes of Bacillus halodurans and create a mutant bacterial strain with higher efficiency of calcium carbonate productivity by catalyzing the combination of carbonate and calcium ion. The efficiency of crack-repairing in concrete by spraying two kinds of bacterial liquid was evaluated via image analysis, X-ray computed tomography (X-CT) scanning technology and the sorptivity test. The results show that the crack-repair efficiency was enhanced very evidently by spraying genetically modified bacterial-liquid as no microbiologically induced calcite precipitation (MICP) was found within the cracks for concrete samples sprayed using wild type bacterial-liquid. In addition, the crack-repair process was also shortened significantly in the case of genetically modified bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of New Technology for Construction of Cities in Mountain Area, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400045, China;
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore; (Y.W.); (Y.D.)
| | - Yiwei Weng
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore; (Y.W.); (Y.D.)
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Yuanzhao Ding
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore; (Y.W.); (Y.D.)
| | - Shunzhi Qian
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore; (Y.W.); (Y.D.)
- Correspondence:
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Pungrasmi W, Intarasoontron J, Jongvivatsakul P, Likitlersuang S. Evaluation of Microencapsulation Techniques for MICP Bacterial Spores Applied in Self-Healing Concrete. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12484. [PMID: 31462752 PMCID: PMC6713760 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49002-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Concrete cracks must be repaired promptly in order to prevent structural damage and to prolong the structural life of the building (or other such construction). Biological self-healing concrete is a recent alternative technology involving the biochemical reaction of microbial induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP). This study determined the most appropriate technique to encapsulate spores of Bacillus sphaericus LMG 22257 with sodium alginate so as to protect the bacterial spores during the concrete mixing and hardening period. Three techniques (extrusion, spray drying and freeze drying) to encapsulate the bacterial spores with sodium alginate were evaluated. The freeze-drying process provided the highest bacterial spore survival rate (100%), while the extruded and spray-dried processes had a lower spore survival rate of 93.8% and 79.9%, respectively. To investigate the viability of microencapsulated spores after being mixed with mortar, the decomposed urea analysis was conducted. The results revealed that the freeze-dried spores also showed the highest level of urea decomposition (metabolic activity assay used as a surrogate marker of spore germination and vegetative cell viability). Thus, the self-healing performance of concrete mixed with freeze-dried spores was evaluated. The results showed that the crack healing ratio observed from the mortar specimens with freeze-dried microencapsulated spores were significantly higher than those without bacteria. This study revealed that freeze drying has a high potential as a microencapsulation technique for application to self-healing concrete technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiboonluk Pungrasmi
- Associate Professor, Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Research Network of NANOTEC-CU on Environmental, Department of Environmental Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Jirapa Intarasoontron
- Master student, Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Pitcha Jongvivatsakul
- Assistant Professor, Innovative Construction Materials Research Unit, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Suched Likitlersuang
- Professor, Centre of Excellence in Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Irfan MF, Hossain SMZ, Khalid H, Sadaf F, Al-Thawadi S, Alshater A, Hossain MM, Razzak SA. Optimization of bio-cement production from cement kiln dust using microalgae. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 23:e00356. [PMID: 31312609 PMCID: PMC6609786 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2019.e00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
CKD with microalgae sp. Chlorella kessleri is investigated for maximum bio-cement yields. A predictive quadratic model was developed for CaCO3 yield with R2 value of c.a. 92%. Low temperature and high pH were found to be important parameters in RSM study. Under optimal set, a maximum of 96% Ca was extracted experimentally from CKD. FTIR, XRD and EDS analysis confirmed the produced bio-cement compound.
The main aim of this study was to maximize bio-cement (CaCO3) production through a waste feedstock of cement kiln dust (CKD) as a source of calcium by deployment of microalgae sp. Chlorella kessleri. The effect of process parameters such as temperature, pH and time-intervals of microalgae cultivation, were set as criteria that ultimately subscribe to a process of optimization. In this regard, a single factor experiments integrated with response surface methodology (RSM) via central composite design (CCD) was considered. A quadratic model was developed to predict the maximum CaCO3 yield. A ceiling of 25.18 g CaCO3 yield was obtained at an optimal set of 23 °C, pH of 10.63 and day-9 of microalgae culture. Under these optimized conditions, maximum 96% calcium was extracted from CKD. FTIR, XRD and EDS analyses were conducted to characterize the CaCO3 precipitates. Compressive modes of mechanical testing seemed to hold conventional cement complimented by CaCO3 co-presence markedly superior to mere cement performance as far as compressive strength is concerned. The latter criterion exhibited further increase in correspondence with rise in cement to bio-cement ratio. This investigative endeavour at hand offers a simple pivotal platform on the basis of which a scale-up of microalgae-infested bio-cement production might be facilitated in conjunction with the added benefit of alleviation in environmental pollution through cement waste utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Irfan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Bahrain, Bahrain
| | - S M Z Hossain
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Bahrain, Bahrain
| | - H Khalid
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Bahrain, Bahrain
| | - F Sadaf
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Bahrain, Bahrain
| | - S Al-Thawadi
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Bahrain, Bahrain
| | - A Alshater
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Bahrain, Bahrain
| | - M M Hossain
- Department of Chemical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - S A Razzak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
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Seifan M, Berenjian A. Microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation: a widespread phenomenon in the biological world. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:4693-4708. [PMID: 31076835 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09861-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Biodeposition of minerals is a widespread phenomenon in the biological world and is mediated by bacteria, fungi, protists, and plants. Calcium carbonate is one of those minerals that naturally precipitate as a by-product of microbial metabolic activities. Over recent years, microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) has been proposed as a potent solution to address many environmental and engineering issues. However, for being a viable alternative to conventional techniques as well as being financially and industrially competitive, various challenges need to be overcome. In this review, the detailed metabolic pathways, including ammonification of amino acids, dissimilatory reduction of nitrate, and urea degradation (ureolysis), along with the potent bacteria and the favorable conditions for precipitation of calcium carbonate, are explained. Moreover, this review highlights the potential environmental and engineering applications of MICP, including restoration of stones and concrete, improvement of soil properties, sand consolidation, bioremediation of contaminants, and carbon dioxide sequestration. The key research and development questions necessary for near future large-scale applications of this innovative technology are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Seifan
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Aydin Berenjian
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand.
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40
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Chen X, Yuan J, Alazhari M. Effect of Microbiological Growth Components for Bacteria-Based Self-Healing on the Properties of Cement Mortar. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12081303. [PMID: 31010040 PMCID: PMC6514938 DOI: 10.3390/ma12081303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies of bacteria-based self-healing concrete have shown that it is necessary to encapsulate and separate the self-healing ingredients (bacteria, nutrients, and precursors) in the concrete so that when a crack forms, capsules rupture, which allows the self-healing ingredients to come together and precipitate calcite into the crack. Because of the shearing action in the concrete mixer, there is a chance that these capsules, or other carriers, may rupture and release the self-healing ingredients. This would affect the efficiency of self-healing, but may detrimentally affect the concrete's properties. This work investigated the effects of multi-component growth media, containing germination and sporulation aids for the bacterial aerobic oxidation pathway, on the basic properties of fresh and hardened concrete instead of the potential self-healing efficiency in a structural service. Tests were carried out to measure the effects of growth media on air content, fluidity, capillary absorption, strength development of cement mortar following corresponding standards, hydration kinetics, setting properties, and the microstructure of cement paste, according to certain specifications or using specific machines. The research has demonstrated that a multi-constituent growth media will not have a significant effect on the properties of concrete in the proportions likely to be released during mixing. This important conclusion will allow further development of these novel materials by removing one of the key technical barriers to increased adoption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Safety and Health for In-Service Long Span Bridges, JSTI Group, Nanjing 210019, China.
- School of Transportation Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Jie Yuan
- School of Transportation Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Mohamed Alazhari
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Tripoli, Tripoli 13110, Libya.
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41
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Alkaliphiles: The Emerging Biological Tools Enhancing Concrete Durability. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 172:293-342. [PMID: 31041481 DOI: 10.1007/10_2019_94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Concrete is one of the most commonly used building materials ever used. Despite it is a very important and common construction material, concrete is very sensitive to crack formation and requires repair. A variety of chemical-based techniques and materials have been developed to repair concrete cracks. Although the use of these chemical-based repair systems are the best commercially available choices, there have also been concerns related to their use. These repair agents suffer from inefficiency and unsustainability. Most of the products are expensive and susceptible to degradation, exhibit poor bonding to the cracked concrete surfaces, and are characterized by different physical properties such as thermal expansion coefficients which are different to that of concrete. Moreover, many of these repair agents contain chemicals that pose environmental and health hazards. Thus, there has been interest in developing concrete crack repair agents that are efficient, long lasting, safe, and benign to the environment and exhibit physical properties which resemble that of the concrete. The search initiated by these desires brought the use of biomineralization processes as tools in mending concrete cracks. Among biomineralization processes, microbially initiated calcite precipitation has emerged as an interesting alternative to the existing chemical-based concrete crack repairing system. Indeed, results of several studies on the use of microbial-based concrete repair agents revealed the remarkable potential of this approach in the fight against concrete deterioration. In addition to repairing existing concrete cracks, microorganisms have also been considered to make protective surface coating (biodeposition) on concrete structures and in making self-healing concrete.Even though a wide variety of microorganisms can precipitate calcite, the nature of concrete determines their applicability. One of the important factors that determine the applicability of microbes in concrete is pH. Concrete is highly alkaline in nature, and hence the microbes envisioned for this application are alkaliphilic or alkali-tolerant. This work reviews the available information on applications of microbes in concrete: repairing existing cracks, biodeposition, and self-healing. Moreover, an effort is made to discuss biomineralization processes that are relevant to extend the durability of concrete structures. Graphical Abstract.
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42
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Application of polymer coatings and nanoparticles in consolidation and hydrophobic treatment of stone monuments. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-018-0673-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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43
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Seifan M, Berenjian A. Application of microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation in designing bio self-healing concrete. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 34:168. [PMID: 30387067 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-018-2552-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Concrete is one of the most broadly used construction materials in the world due to its number of performance characteristics. Despite the long life of concrete structure under ideal conditions, it tends to crack and this phenomenon results in a considerable reduction in service life and performance. Evidence of microbial involvement in the precipitation of minerals has led to a massive investigation on adapting this technology for addressing the concrete cracking issue. Calcium carbonate is one of most compatible materials with the concrete constituents and it can be induced via biological process. In this review paper, the effects of different factors, such as nucleation site, pH, nutrient and temperature, on the biosynthesis of calcium carbonate are elucidated. Moreover, the influences of effective factors on calcium carbonate polymorphism are extensively elaborated. Finally, the limitations for the future application of this innovative technology in construction industry are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Seifan
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Aydin Berenjian
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand.
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44
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Erşan YÇ, Van Tittelboom K, Boon N, De Belie N. Nitrite producing bacteria inhibit reinforcement bar corrosion in cementitious materials. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14092. [PMID: 30237506 PMCID: PMC6148264 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32463-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemicals and synthetic coatings are widely used to protect steel against corrosion. Bio-based corrosion inhibition strategies can be an alternative in the arising bioeconomy era. To maintain the good state of steel reinforcement in cracked concrete, microbe-based self-healing cementitious composites (MSCC) have been developed. Yet, proposed strategies involve reasonably slow crack filling by biomineralization and thus risk the possible rebar corrosion during crack healing. Here we upgrade the rebar protection to a higher level by combining MSCC with microbial induced corrosion inhibition. Presented NO3- reducing bacterial granules inhibit rebar corrosion by producing the anodic corrosion inhibitor NO2- and meanwhile heal a 300-µm-wide crack in 28 days. During 120 days exposure to 0.5 M Cl- solution, the rebars in cracked MSCC keep showing open circuit potentials above the critical value of -250 mV and they lose less than 2% of the total rebar material which corresponds to half the material loss in cracked plain mortar. Overall, the obtained rebar protection performance is comparable with that of uncracked mortar and mortar containing chemical inhibitor, hence the microbe-based system becomes an alternative to the traditional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Çağatay Erşan
- Magnel Laboratory for Concrete Research, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium. .,Centre for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Kim Van Tittelboom
- Magnel Laboratory for Concrete Research, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nico Boon
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nele De Belie
- Magnel Laboratory for Concrete Research, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium.
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45
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Holzmeister I, Schamel M, Groll J, Gbureck U, Vorndran E. Artificial inorganic biohybrids: The functional combination of microorganisms and cells with inorganic materials. Acta Biomater 2018; 74:17-35. [PMID: 29698705 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Biohybrids can be defined as the functional combination of proteins, viable cells or microorganisms with non-biological materials. This article reviews recent findings on the encapsulation of microorganisms and eukaryotic cells in inorganic matrices such as silica gels or cements. The entrapment of biological entities into a support material is of great benefit for processing since the encapsulation matrix protects sensitive cells from shear forces, unfavourable pH changes, or cytotoxic solvents, avoids culture-washout, and simplifies the separation of formed products. After reflecting general aspects of such an immobilization as well as the chemistry of the inorganic matrices, we focused on manufacturing aspects and the application of such biohybrids in biotechnology, medicine as well as in environmental science and for civil engineering purpose. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The encapsulation of living cells and microorganisms became an intensively studied and rapidly expanding research field with manifold applications in medicine, bio- and environmental technology, or civil engineering. Here, the use of silica or cements as encapsulation matrices have the advantage of a higher chemical and mechanical resistance towards harsh environmental conditions during processing compared to their polymeric counterparts. In this perspective, the article gives an overview about the inorganic material systems used for cell encapsulation, followed by reviewing the most important applications. The future may lay in a combination of the currently achieved biohybrid systems with additive manufacturing techniques. In a longer perspective, this would enable the direct printing of cell loaded bioreactor components.
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46
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Li W, Dong B, Yang Z, Xu J, Chen Q, Li H, Xing F, Jiang Z. Recent Advances in Intrinsic Self-Healing Cementitious Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1705679. [PMID: 29577476 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201705679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Self-healing is a natural phenomenon whereby living organisms respond to damage. Recently, considerable research efforts have been invested in self-healing cementitious materials that are capable of restoring structural integrity and mechanical properties after being damaged. Inspired by nature, a variety of creative approaches are explored here based on the intrinsic or extrinsic healing mechanism. Research on new intrinsic self-healing cementitious materials with biomimetic features is on the forefront of material science, which provides a promising way to construct resilient and sustainable concrete infrastructures. Here, the current advances in the development of the intrinsic healing cementitious materials are described, and a new definition of intrinsic self-healing discussed. The methods to assess the efficiency of different healing mechanisms are briefly summarized. The critical insights are emphasized to guide the future research on the development of new self-healing cementitious materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
| | - Biqin Dong
- Department of Civil Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Durability for Marine Civil Engineering, The Key Laboratory on Durability of Civil Engineering in Shenzhen, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Zhengxian Yang
- Research Center for Advanced Civil Engineering Materials, College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Jing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
| | - Qing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
| | - Haoxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
| | - Feng Xing
- Department of Civil Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Durability for Marine Civil Engineering, The Key Laboratory on Durability of Civil Engineering in Shenzhen, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Zhengwu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
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47
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Lee YS, Park W. Current challenges and future directions for bacterial self-healing concrete. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:3059-3070. [PMID: 29487987 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8830-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) has been widely explored and applied in the field of environmental engineering over the last decade. Calcium carbonate is naturally precipitated as a byproduct of various microbial metabolic activities. This biological process was brought into practical use to restore construction materials, strengthen and remediate soil, and sequester carbon. MICP has also been extensively examined for applications in self-healing concrete. Biogenic crack repair helps mitigate the high maintenance costs of concrete in an eco-friendly manner. In this process, calcium carbonate precipitation (CCP)-capable bacteria and nutrients are embedded inside the concrete. These bacteria are expected to increase the durability of the concrete by precipitating calcium carbonate in situ to heal cracks that develop in the concrete. However, several challenges exist with respect to embedding such bacteria; harsh conditions in concrete matrices are unsuitable for bacterial life, including high alkalinity (pH up to 13), high temperatures during manufacturing processes, and limited oxygen supply. Additionally, many biological factors, including the optimum conditions for MICP, the molecular mechanisms involved in MICP, the specific microorganisms suitable for application in concrete, the survival characteristics of the microorganisms embedded in concrete, and the amount of MICP in concrete, remain unclear. In this paper, metabolic pathways that result in conditions favorable for calcium carbonate precipitation, current and potential applications in concrete, and the remaining biological challenges are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Suk Lee
- Laboratory of Molecular Environmental Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Woojun Park
- Laboratory of Molecular Environmental Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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48
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Xu J, Wang X, Wang B. Biochemical process of ureolysis-based microbial CaCO 3 precipitation and its application in self-healing concrete. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:3121-3132. [PMID: 29455387 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8779-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Urea hydrolysis has already been considered as the most effective pathway for microbially induced CaCO3 precipitation (MICP). The present work first studied the combination of several key factors including initial pH, temperature, and dosage of urea, which contribute to the biochemical process of MICP. Under an amiable condition of pH and temperature, the dosage of urea has a significant impact on the rate of urea degradation and CaCO3 precipitation. A bacteria-based self-healing system was developed by loading healing agents on ceramsite carriers. The self-healing efficiency was evaluated by visual inspection on crack closure, compressive strength regain, and capillary water absorption. A preferable healing effectiveness was obtained when the bacteria and organic nutrients were co-immobilized in carriers. Image analysis showed that cracks up to 273 μm could be healed with a crack closure ratio of 86% in 28 days. The compressive strength regain increased 24% and the water absorption coefficient decreased 27% compared to the reference. The findings indicated a promising application of ureolysis-based MICP in restoring the mechanical properties and enhancing the durability of concrete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201804, China.
| | - Xianzhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Binbin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201804, China
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Zhang J, Zhou A, Liu Y, Zhao B, Luan Y, Wang S, Yue X, Li Z. Microbial network of the carbonate precipitation process induced by microbial consortia and the potential application to crack healing in concrete. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14600. [PMID: 29097756 PMCID: PMC5668378 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15177-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Current studies have employed various pure-cultures for improving concrete durability based on microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP). However, there have been very few reports concerned with microbial consortia, which could perform more complex tasks and be more robust in their resistance to environmental fluctuations. In this study, we constructed three microbial consortia that are capable of MICP under aerobic (AE), anaerobic (AN) and facultative anaerobic (FA) conditions. The results showed that AE consortia showed more positive effects on inorganic carbon conversion than AN and FA consortia. Pyrosequencing analysis showed that clear distinctions appeared in the community structure between different microbial consortia systems. Further investigation on microbial community networks revealed that the species in the three microbial consortia built thorough energetic and metabolic interaction networks regarding MICP, nitrate-reduction, bacterial endospores and fermentation communities. Crack-healing experiments showed that the selected cracks of the three consortia-based concrete specimens were almost completely healed in 28 days, which was consistent with the studies using pure cultures. Although the economic advantage might not be clear yet, this study highlights the potential implementation of microbial consortia on crack healing in concrete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaguang Zhang
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Construction Engineering Group Corporation, Taiyuan, China
| | - Aijuan Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Yuanzhen Liu
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Bowei Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yunbo Luan
- College of mechanics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Sufang Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiuping Yue
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhu Li
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China.
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Microbial healing of cracks in concrete: a review. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 44:1511-1525. [PMID: 28900729 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-017-1978-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Concrete is the most widely used construction material of the world and maintaining concrete structures from premature deterioration is proving to be a great challenge. Early age formation of micro-cracking in concrete structure severely affects the serviceability leading to high cost of maintenance. Apart from conventional methods of repairing cracks with sealants or treating the concrete with adhesive chemicals to prevent the cracks from widening, a microbial crack-healing approach has shown promising results. The unique feature of the microbial system is that it enables self-healing of concrete. The effectiveness of microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICCP) in improving durability of cementitious building materials, restoration of stone monuments and soil bioclogging is discussed. Main emphasis has been laid on the potential of bacteria-based crack repair in concrete structure and the applications of different bacterial treatments to self-healing cracks. Furthermore, recommendations to employ the MICCP technology at commercial scale and reduction in the cost of application are provided in this review.
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