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Zhao Q, Li X, Zhang L, Li J, Jia T, Zhao Y, Wang L, Peng Y. Partial denitrifying phosphorus removal coupling with anammox (PDPRA) enables synergistic removal of C, N, and P nutrients from municipal wastewater: A year-round pilot-scale evaluation. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 253:121321. [PMID: 38367384 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Applying anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) in municipal wastewater treatment plants (MWWTPs) can unlock significant energy and resource savings. However, its practical implementation encounters significant challenges, particularly due to its limited compatibility with carbon and phosphorus removal processes. This study established a pilot-scale plant featuring a modified anaerobic-anoxic-oxic (A2O) process and operated continuously for 385 days, treating municipal wastewater of 50 m3/d. For the first time, we propose a novel concept of partial denitrifying phosphorus removal coupling with anammox (PDPRA), leveraging denitrifying phosphorus-accumulating organisms (DPAOs) as NO2- suppliers for anammox. 15N stable isotope tracing revealed that the PDPRA enabled an anammox reaction rate of 6.14 ± 0.18 μmol-N/(L·h), contributing 57.4 % to total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) removal. Metagenomic sequencing and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing unveiled the co-existence and co-prosperity of anammox bacteria and DPAOs, with Candidatus Brocadia being highly enriched in the anoxic biofilms at a relative abundance of 2.46 ± 0.52 %. Finally, the PDPRA facilitated the synergistic conversion and removal of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus nutrients, achieving remarkable removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD, 83.5 ± 5.3 %), NH4+ (99.8 ± 0.7 %), TIN (77.1 ± 3.6 %), and PO43- (99.3 ± 1.6 %), even under challenging operational conditions such as low temperature of 11.7 °C. The PDPRA offers a promising solution for reconciling the mainstream anammox and the carbon and phosphorus removal, shedding fresh light on the paradigm shift of MWWTPs in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Xiyao Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Liang Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Jianwei Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Tipei Jia
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Yang Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Luyao Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China.
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Sayin A, Soleimanifar M, Rosenthal A, Jezek R, de Falco G, Ramalingam K, Fillos J. Evaluation of aircraft deicing fluid as an external carbon source for denitrification. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 925:171795. [PMID: 38508269 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs) performing biological nitrogen removal (BNR) often require external carbon sources for meeting nitrogen discharge permit limits. This brings an additional financial burden to the facilities considering the continuous need of these external carbon sources. This paper evaluates the utilization of airport stormwater, which in the winter season is rich in aircraft deicing fluid (ADF) as an alternative external carbon source. Denitrification and nitrification bench scale experiments were performed to assess the efficacy of external carbon sources to remove nitrogen in WRRFs. Experimental results showed that ADFs achieve denitrification rates of 0.064-0.066 d-1, higher than what achieved by a commercial carbon source, MicroC 2000A, with corresponding value of 0.058 d-1 at low temperatures, as low as 13 °C, which is considered a worst-case scenario for nitrogen removal efficiency. Furthermore, no inhibition to nitrification associated with the ADFs was observed. Subsequently a dynamic modeling study was conducted to assess the performance of ADFs as external carbon sources for denitrification and compared them to the conventional source that was being used in a full-scale BNR process. Results from the dynamic modeling study revealed that if 40 % of the spent-ADF at LaGuardia airport, New York City, could be collected with the stormwater and conveyed to a WRRF via the sewer collection system, an approximate reduction of 30 % of the commercial external carbon source could be accomplished by repurposing a waste product. This study contributes to the potential of ADF as a denitrification aid and an alternative for commercially available carbon sources with comparable nitrogen removal efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aykut Sayin
- Department of Civil Engineering, City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, United States.
| | - Maedeh Soleimanifar
- Department of Civil Engineering, City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, United States
| | - Alex Rosenthal
- Department of Civil Engineering, City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, United States
| | - Roland Jezek
- Department of Civil Engineering, City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, United States
| | - Giacomo de Falco
- Department of Civil Engineering, City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, United States.
| | - Krish Ramalingam
- Department of Civil Engineering, City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, United States
| | - John Fillos
- Department of Civil Engineering, City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, United States
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3
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Jachimowicz P, Peng R, Hüffer T, Hofmann T, Cydzik-Kwiatkowska A. Tire materials disturb transformations of nitrogen compounds and affect the structure of biomass in aerobic granular sludge reactors. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133223. [PMID: 38113742 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Tire materials (TMs) present a notable hazard due to their potential to release harmful chemicals and microplastics into the environment. They can infiltrate wastewater treatment plants, where their effects remain inadequately understood, raising concerns regarding their influence on treatment procedures. Thus, this study investigated the impact of TMs in wastewater (10, 25, 50 mg/L) on wastewater treatment efficiency, biomass morphology, and microbial composition in aerobic granular sludge (AGS) reactors. TM dosage negatively correlated with nitrification and denitrification efficiencies, reducing overall nitrogen removal, but did not affect the efficiency of chemical-oxygen-demand removal. The presence of TMs increased the diameter of the granules due to TM incorporation into the biomass. The most frequently leached additives from TMs were N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine, benzothiazole (BTH), and 2-hydroxybenzothiazole. In the treated wastewater, only BTH and aniline were detected in higher concentrations, which indicates that tire additives were biodegraded by AGS. The microbial community within the AGS adapted to TMs and their chemicals, highlighting the potential for efficient degradation of tire additives by bacteria belonging to the genera Rubrivivax, Ferruginibacter, and Xanthomonas. Additionally, our research underscores AGS's ability to incorporate TMs into biomass and effectively biodegrade tire additives, offering a promising solution for addressing environmental concerns related to TMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Jachimowicz
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-709 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Ruoting Peng
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Department of Environmental Geosciences, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Doctoral School in Microbiology and Environmental Science, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thorsten Hüffer
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Department of Environmental Geosciences, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thilo Hofmann
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Department of Environmental Geosciences, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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4
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Pan K, Wei Y, Qiu C, Li H, Wang L, Cheng L, Bi X. Comprehensive analysis of effects of magnetic nanoparticles on aerobic granulation and microbial community composition: From the perspective of acyl-homoserine lactones mediated communication. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 393:130174. [PMID: 38072081 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
As dosing additives benefit for aerobic granular sludge (AGS) cultivation, effects of different concentrations (0, 10, 50 and 100 mg/L) of magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) on aerobic granulation, contaminant removal and potential microbial community evolution related to acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) mediated bacterial communication were investigated with municipal wastewater. Results showed that the required time to achieve granulation ratio > 70 % was reduced by 60, 90 and 30 days in phase II with addition of 10, 50, 100 mg/L Fe3O4 NPs, respectively. 50 mg/L Fe3O4 NPs can improve contaminant removal efficiency. The promotion of relative abundance of AHLs-producing and AHLs-producing/quenching populations and AHLs-related functional genes accompanied with faster granulation. Iron-cycling-related bacteria were closely related with AHLs-related bacteria during AGS formation. Co-occurrence network analyses showed that AHLs-mediated communication may play an important role in coordinating microbial community composition and functional bacteria participating in nitrogen and polyphosphate metabolisms during aerobic granulation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailing Pan
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266000, China.
| | - Yuxuan Wei
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Chen Qiu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Qingdao SPRING Water Treatment Co. Ltd., Qingdao 266000, China.
| | - Ling Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Lihua Cheng
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Xuejun Bi
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266000, China
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He C, Wu H, Wei G, Zhu S, Qiu G, Wei C. Simultaneous decarbonization and phosphorus removal by Tetrasphaera elongata with glucose as carbon source under aerobic conditions. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 393:130048. [PMID: 37980947 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Previous researches have recognized the vital role of Tetrasphaera elongata in enhanced biological phosphorus removal systems, but the underlying mechanisms remain under-investigated. To address this issue, this study investigated the metabolic characteristics of Tetrasphaera elongata when utilizing glucose as the sole carbon source. Results showed under aerobic conditions, Tetrasphaera elongata exhibited a glucose uptake rate of 136.6 mg/(L·h) and a corresponding phosphorus removal rate of 8.6 mg P/(L·h). Upregulations of genes associated with the glycolytic pathway and oxidative phosphorylation were observed. Noteworthily, the genes encoding the two-component sensor histidine kinase and response regulator transcription factor exhibited a remarkable 28.3 and 27.4-fold increase compared with the group without glucose. Since these genes play a pivotal role in phosphate-specific transport systems, collectively, these findings shed light on a potential mechanism for simultaneous decarbonization and phosphorus removal by Tetrasphaera elongata under aerobic conditions, providing fresh insights into phosphorus removal from wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao He
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Haizhen Wu
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Gengrui Wei
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Shuang Zhu
- School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Guanglei Qiu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Chaohai Wei
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
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Freeman CN, Russell JN, Yost CK. Temporal metagenomic characterization of microbial community structure and nitrogen modification genes within an activated sludge bioreactor system. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0283223. [PMID: 38018980 PMCID: PMC10783093 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02832-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Wastewater treatment plays an essential role in minimizing negative impacts on downstream aquatic environments. Microbial communities are known to play a vital role in the wastewater treatment process, particularly in the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus, which can be especially damaging to aquatic ecosystems. There is limited understanding of how these microbial communities may change in response to fluctuating temperatures or how seasonality may impact their ability to participate in the treatment process. The findings of this study indicate that the microbial communities of wastewater are relatively stable both compositionally and functionally across fluctuating temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire N. Freeman
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | | | - Chris K. Yost
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
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7
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Yang B, Han F, Li Y, Bai Y, Xie Z, Yang J, Liu T. Phosphate removal mechanism of a novel magnesium slag-modified coal gasification coarse slag adsorbent. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:60607-60617. [PMID: 37036649 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26667-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We used magnesium slag (MS) as a calcium source for modifying coal gasification coarse slag (CGCS) in the presence of NaOH to prepare a novel phosphate adsorbent (MS-CGCS). Ca2SiO4 in MS reacts with NaOH during the high-temperature synthesis process, with sodium displacing a part of the calcium content in Ca2SiO4 and entering the mineral lattice to form Na2CaSiO4. Hydroxide ions reacted with calcium in Ca2SiO4 to generate Ca(OH)2 and decomposed into CaO at a high temperature. The two newly formed species participated in the phosphate removal. The MS-CGCS adsorbent showed good phosphate removal performance over a wide pH range, with a maximum phosphate adsorption capacity of 50.14 mg/g, which was significantly higher than that of other reported adsorbents. The Langmuir and pseudo-second-order models described the adsorption process well, indicating it being a monolayer and chemisorption process. The main mechanisms of phosphate removal are as follows: electrostatic interaction between the positively charged MS-CGCS and negatively charged phosphate ions; the inner-sphere complexation of oxides of metal, such as magnesium, aluminum, and calcium, with phosphate ions; and the precipitation of phosphate ions with calcium ions. Precipitation contributes to ~ 32% of the phosphate removal. This study provides a new method for the development of phosphate adsorbents while recycling CGCS and MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoguo Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Basin Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, NO. 68 Jincheng Street, East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan, 430078, People's Republic of China
- Ningxia Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Survey (Autonomous Regional Deep Earth Exploration Center), Yinchuan, 750001, China
| | - Fenglan Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, 750021, China.
| | - Yilian Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Basin Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, NO. 68 Jincheng Street, East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan, 430078, People's Republic of China
| | - Yadong Bai
- Ningxia Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Survey (Autonomous Regional Deep Earth Exploration Center), Yinchuan, 750001, China
| | - Zuoming Xie
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Basin Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, NO. 68 Jincheng Street, East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan, 430078, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yang
- Ningxia Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Survey (Autonomous Regional Deep Earth Exploration Center), Yinchuan, 750001, China
| | - Tengteng Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
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Zhang C, Guisasola A, Baeza JA. Exploring the stability of an A-stage-EBPR system for simultaneous biological removal of organic matter and phosphorus. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 313:137576. [PMID: 36529170 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This work evaluates the performance and stability of a continuous anaerobic/aerobic A-stage system with integrated enhanced biological phosphorus removal (A-stage-EBPR) under different operational conditions. Dissolved oxygen (DO) in the aerobic reactor was tested in the 0.2-2 mgDO/L range using real wastewater amended with propionic acid, obtaining almost full simultaneous COD and P removal without nitrification in the range 0.5-1 mgDO/L, but failing at 0.2 mgDO/L. Anaerobic purge was tested to evaluate a possible mainstream P-recovery strategy, generating a P-enriched stream containing 22% of influent P. COD and N mass balances indicated that about 43% of the influent COD could be redirected to the anaerobic digestion for methane production and 66% of influent NH4+-N was discharged in the effluent for the following N-removal B-stage. Finally, when the system was switched to glutamate as sole carbon source, successful EBPR activity and COD removal were maintained for two months, but after this period settleability problems appeared with biomass loss. Microbial community analysis indicated that Propionivibrio, Thiothrix and Lewinella were the most abundant species when propionic acid was the carbon source and Propionivibrio was the most favoured with glutamate. Thiothrix, Hydrogenophaga, Dechloromonas and Desulfobacter appeared as the dominant polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs) under different operation stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Zhang
- GENOCOV. Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental. Escola d'Enginyeria. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Albert Guisasola
- GENOCOV. Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental. Escola d'Enginyeria. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Juan Antonio Baeza
- GENOCOV. Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental. Escola d'Enginyeria. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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Sabba F, Farmer M, Jia Z, Di Capua F, Dunlap P, Barnard J, Qin CD, Kozak JA, Wells G, Downing L. Impact of operational strategies on a sidestream enhanced biological phosphorus removal (S2EBPR) reactor in a carbon limited wastewater plant. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159280. [PMID: 36216061 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Water resource recovery facilities are faced with stringent effluent phosphorus limits to reduce nutrient pollution. Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) is the most common biological route to remove phosphorus; however, many facilities struggle to achieve consistent performance due to limited carbon availability in the influent wastewater. A promising process to improve carbon availability is through return activated sludge (RAS) fermentation via sidestream EBPR (S2EBPR). In this study, a full-scale S2EBPR pilot was operated with a sidestream plus carbon configuration (SSRC) at a carbon-limited facility. A model based on the pilot test was developed and calibrated in the SUMO platform and used to explore routes for improving orthophosphate (OP) effluent compliance. Modeling results showed that RAS diversion by itself was not sufficient to drive OP removal to permit limits of 1 mg L-1, therefore, other strategies were evaluated. Supplemental carbon addition of MicroC® at 1.90 L min-1 and controlling the phosphorus concentration below 3.5 mgP L-1 in the primary effluent (PE) proved to be valid supplemental strategies to achieve OP removal below 1 mg L-1 most of the time. In particular, the proposed supplemental carbon flow rate would result in an improvement of the rbCOD:P ratio from 17:1 to 26:1. The synergistic approach of RAS diversion and supplemental carbon addition increased the polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAO) population while minimizing the supplemental carbon needed to achieve consistent phosphorus removal. Overall, this pilot and modeling study shows that joint strategies, including RAS diversion, carbon addition and PE control, can be effective to achieve optimal control of OP effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - McKenna Farmer
- Northwestern University, Dept of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Zhen Jia
- Northwestern University, Dept of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Evanston, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Cindy Dongqi Qin
- Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joseph A Kozak
- Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago, IL, USA
| | - George Wells
- Northwestern University, Dept of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Evanston, IL, USA
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Lopes JC, Silva BG, Dias MES, Carneiro RB, Damianovic MHRZ, Foresti E. Enhanced biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal from sewage driven by fermented glycerol: comparative assessment between sequencing batch- and continuously fed-structured fixed bed reactor. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:11755-11768. [PMID: 36100786 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23003-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The nutrient biological removal from sewage, especially from anaerobic reactor effluents, still represents a major challenge in conventional sewage treatment plants. In this work, the nitrogen and phosphorus removal from anaerobic pre-treated domestic sewage in an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor was assessed in a structured fixed bed reactor (SFBR) operated in a continuous and in a batch mode using polyurethane foam as material support for biomass and fermented glycerol as the exogenous carbon source. The SFBR was operated as a sequencing batch reactor with cycles of 90, 120, and 150 min under anaerobic, oxic, and anoxic conditions, respectively, reaching average efficiencies for total nitrogen and phosphorus removal of 88% and 56%, respectively. Fermented glycerol was added during the non-aerated periods. Under continuous feeding, the SFBR was operated with aeration/non-aeration periods of 2/1 (h) and 3/1 (h), hydraulic retention time of 12 h, and a recirculation ratio of 3. Without fermented glycerol addition, the maximum removal of total nitrogen (TN) reached 42%, while adding glycerol in the non-aerated period improved TN removal to 64.9% (2/1 h) and 69.5% (3/1 h). During continuous operation, no phosphorus removal was observed, which was released during the non-aerated period, remaining in the effluent. Optical microscopy analyses confirmed the presence of polyphosphate granules and of the phosphorus accumulating organisms in the reactor biofilm. It was concluded that the batch feeding method was determinant for phosphorus removal. The structured fixed bed reactor with polyurethane foam proved to be feasible in the removal of organic matter and nutrients remaining in the UASB reactor effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Costa Lopes
- Laboratory of Biological Processes (LPB), São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo (USP), 1100, João Dagnone Ave., Santa Angelina, 13563-120, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Garcia Silva
- Laboratory of Biological Processes (LPB), São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo (USP), 1100, João Dagnone Ave., Santa Angelina, 13563-120, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Eduarda Simões Dias
- Laboratory of Biological Processes (LPB), São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo (USP), 1100, João Dagnone Ave., Santa Angelina, 13563-120, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Braz Carneiro
- Laboratory of Biological Processes (LPB), São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo (USP), 1100, João Dagnone Ave., Santa Angelina, 13563-120, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Chromatography (CROMA), Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, University of São Paulo (USP), 400, Trabalhador São-Carlense Ave., São Carlos, São Paulo, 13566-590, Brazil.
| | - Márcia Helena Rissato Zamariolli Damianovic
- Laboratory of Biological Processes (LPB), São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo (USP), 1100, João Dagnone Ave., Santa Angelina, 13563-120, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eugenio Foresti
- Laboratory of Biological Processes (LPB), São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo (USP), 1100, João Dagnone Ave., Santa Angelina, 13563-120, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Amancio Frutuoso FK, Ferreira Dos Santos A, da Silva França LL, Mendes Barros AR, Bezerra Dos Santos A. Influence of salt addition to stimulating biopolymers production in aerobic granular sludge systems. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 311:137006. [PMID: 36330972 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The influence of salt addition to stimulating biopolymers production in aerobic granular sludge (AGS) systems was evaluated. The control systems (R1: acetate and R2: propionate) initially obtained less accumulation of mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS), indicating that the osmotic pressure in the salt-supplemented systems (R3: acetate and R4: propionate) contributed to biomass growth. However, the salt-supplemented systems collapsed between days 110 and 130 of operation. R3 and R4 showed better performance regarding nutrients removal due to the greater abundance of nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria and phosphate-accumulating organisms. Salt also contributed to the higher production of biopolymers such as alginate-like exopolymers (ALE) per gram of volatile suspended solids (VSS) (R1: 397 mgALE∙gVSS-1, R2: 140 mgALE∙gVSS-1, R3: 483 mgALE∙gVSS-1, R4: 311 mgALE∙gVSS-1). Amino acids like tyrosine and tryptophan were better identified in extracellular polymeric substances extract from salt-operated reactors. This study brings important results in the context of resource recovery by treating saline effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda Ferreira Dos Santos
- Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | | | - André Bezerra Dos Santos
- Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
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12
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Diaz R, Mackey B, Chadalavada S, Kainthola J, Heck P, Goel R. Enhanced Bio-P removal: Past, present, and future - A comprehensive review. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 309:136518. [PMID: 36191763 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Excess amounts of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) from anthropogenic activities such as population growth, municipal and industrial wastewater discharges, agriculture fertilization and storm water runoffs, have affected surface water chemistry, resulting in episodes of eutrophication. Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) based treatment processes are an economical and environmentally friendly solution to address the present environmental impacts caused by excess P present in municipal discharges. EBPR practices have been researched and operated for more than five decades worldwide, with promising results in decreasing orthophosphate to acceptable levels. The advent of molecular tools targeting bacterial genomic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) has also helped us reveal the identity of potential polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAO) and denitrifying PAO (DPAO) responsible for the success of EBPR. Integration of process engineering and environmental microbiology has provided much-needed confidence to the wastewater community for the successful implementation of EBPR practices around the globe. Despite these successes, the process of EBPR continues to evolve in terms of its microbiology and application in light of other biological processes such as anaerobic ammonia oxidation and on-site carbon capture. This review provides an overview of the history of EBPR, discusses different operational parameters critical for the successful operation of EBPR systems, reviews current knowledge of EBPR microbiology, the influence of PAO/DPAO on the disintegration of microbial communities, stoichiometry, EBPR clades, current practices, and upcoming potential innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby Diaz
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Brendan Mackey
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Sreeni Chadalavada
- School of Engineering, University of Southern Queensland Springfield, Queensland, 4350, Australia.
| | - Jyoti Kainthola
- Department of Civil Engineering, École Centrale School of Engineering, Mahindra University, Hyderabad, India, 500043
| | - Phil Heck
- Central Valley Water Reclamation Facility, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Ramesh Goel
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
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13
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Habyarimana JL, Juan M, Nyiransengiyumva C, Qing TW, qi CY, Twagirayezu G, Ying D. Critical review on operation mechanisms to recover phosphorus from wastewater via microbial procedures amalgamated with phosphate-rich in side-stream to enhance biological phosphorus removal. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Maszenan AM, Bessarab I, Williams RBH, Petrovski S, Seviour RJ. The phylogeny, ecology and ecophysiology of the glycogen accumulating organism (GAO) Defluviicoccus in wastewater treatment plants. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 221:118729. [PMID: 35714465 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This comprehensive review looks critically what is known about members of the genus Defluviicoccus, an example of a glycogen accumulating organism (GAO), in wastewater treatment plants, but found also in other habitats. It considers the operating conditions thought to affect its performance in activated sludge plants designed to remove phosphorus microbiologically, including the still controversial view that it competes with the polyphosphate accumulating bacterium Ca. Accumulibacter for readily biodegradable substrates in the anaerobic zone receiving the influent raw sewage. It looks at its present phylogeny and what is known about it's physiology and biochemistry under the highly selective conditions of these plants, where the biomass is recycled continuously through alternative anaerobic (feed); aerobic (famine) conditions encountered there. The impact of whole genome sequence data, which have revealed considerable intra- and interclade genotypic diversity, on our understanding of its in situ behaviour is also addressed. Particular attention is paid to the problems in much of the literature data based on clone library and next generation DNA sequencing data, where Defluviicoccus identification is restricted to genus level only. Equally problematic, in many publications no attempt has been made to distinguish between Defluviicoccus and the other known GAO, especially Ca. Competibacter, which, as shown here, has a very different ecophysiology. The impact this has had and continues to have on our understanding of members of this genus is discussed, as is the present controversy over its taxonomy. It also suggests where research should be directed to answer some of the important research questions raised in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul M Maszenan
- E2S2, NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | - Irina Bessarab
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117456, Singapore
| | - Rohan B H Williams
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117456, Singapore
| | - Steve Petrovski
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, 3086 Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert J Seviour
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, 3086 Victoria, Australia.
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15
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Ferreira Dos Santos A, Amancio Frutuoso FK, de Amorim de Carvalho C, Sousa Aguiar Lira VN, Mendes Barros AR, Bezerra Dos Santos A. Carbon source affects the resource recovery in aerobic granular sludge systems treating wastewater. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 357:127355. [PMID: 35609753 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the influence of carbon sources on alginate-like exopolymers (ALE) and tryptophan (Trp) biosynthesis in the aerobic granular sludge (AGS). With acetate, the highest biopolymers levels, per gram of volatile suspended solids (VSS) (418.7 mgALE∙g-1 and 4.1 mgTrp∙gVSS-1), were found likely due to biomass loss throughout the operation, which resulted in lower sludge age (4-7 days) and shorter famine period. During granulation, encouraging results on ALE production were obtained with propionate (>250 mgALE∙gVSS-1), significantly higher than those found with glycerol, glucose, and sucrose. Regarding tryptophan production, propionate and glycerol proved to be good substrates, although the content was still lower than acetate (1.6 mgTrp∙gVSS-1). Granules fed with glucose showed the worst results compared to the other substrates (38.5 mgALE∙VSS-1 and 0.6 mgTrp∙gVSS-1) due to the filamentous microorganisms' abundance found. Therefore, this study provides insights to value the production of compounds of industrial interest in AGS systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Ferreira Dos Santos
- Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Clara de Amorim de Carvalho
- Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | | | - André Bezerra Dos Santos
- Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
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16
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Continuous Production of Volatile Fatty Acids (VFAs) from Swine Manure: Determination of Process Conditions, VFAs Composition Distribution and Fermentation Broth Availability Analysis. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14121935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
For pollution control and waste utilization, a promising future direction is to obtain high-value carbon sources from organic waste. In this experiment, swine manure was efficiently converted into high concentration volatile fatty acids through continuous hydrolysis-acidification bioreactors. This study determined the process conditions, the composition distribution of volatile fatty acids and the availability of fermentation broth. The results showed that the reactor with a hydraulic retention time of 1.5 days had the optimal production performance of volatile fatty acids. The highest hydrolysis degree (62.2%) and acidification degree (42.5%) were realized in this reactor at the influent soluble chemical oxygen demand of 5460 mg/L. Furthermore, when the influent soluble chemical oxygen demand was 7660 mg/L, volatile fatty acids of 6065 mg-COD/L could be produced stably, and the proportion of volatile fatty acids in soluble chemical oxygen demand was the largest (75%). Additionally, the fermentation broth rich in volatile fatty acids could be applied to deep nitrogen and phosphorus removal. This work provides a productive approach to resource recovery from swine manure.
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17
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Feng X, Qian Y, Xi P, Cao R, Qin L, Zhang S, Chai G, Huang M, Li K, Xiao Y, Xie L, Song Y, Wang D. Partial Nitrification and Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal in a Sequencing Batch Reactor Treating High-Strength Wastewater. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095653. [PMID: 35565048 PMCID: PMC9105176 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Complex and high levels of various pollutants in high-strength wastewaters hinder efficient and stable biological nutrient removal. In this study, the changes in pollutant removal performance and microbial community structure in a laboratory-scale anaerobic/aerobic sequencing batch reactor (SBR) treating simulated pre-fermented high-strength wastewater were investigated under different influent loading conditions. The results showed that when the influent chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), and orthophosphate (PO43−-P) concentrations in the SBR increased to 983, 56, and 20 mg/L, respectively, the COD removal efficiency was maintained above 85%, the TN removal efficiency was 64.5%, and the PO43−-P removal efficiency increased from 78.3% to 97.5%. Partial nitrification with simultaneous accumulation of ammonia (NH4+-N) and nitrite (NO2−-N) was observed, which may be related to the effect of high influent load on ammonia- and nitrite-oxidising bacteria. The biological phosphorus removal activity was higher when propionate was used as the carbon source instead of acetate. The relative abundance of glycogen accumulating organisms (GAOs) increased significantly with the increase in organic load, while Tetrasphaera was the consistently dominant polyphosphate accumulating organism (PAO) in the reactor. Under high organic loading conditions, there was no significant PAO–GAO competition in the reactor, thus the phosphorus removal performance was not affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Feng
- Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi’an 710065, China; (X.F.); (Y.Q.); (P.X.)
| | - Yishi Qian
- Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi’an 710065, China; (X.F.); (Y.Q.); (P.X.)
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Peng Xi
- Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi’an 710065, China; (X.F.); (Y.Q.); (P.X.)
| | - Rui Cao
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China; (R.C.); (L.Q.); (S.Z.); (G.C.); (M.H.); (K.L.); (Y.X.); (L.X.); (Y.S.)
| | - Lu Qin
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China; (R.C.); (L.Q.); (S.Z.); (G.C.); (M.H.); (K.L.); (Y.X.); (L.X.); (Y.S.)
| | - Shengwei Zhang
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China; (R.C.); (L.Q.); (S.Z.); (G.C.); (M.H.); (K.L.); (Y.X.); (L.X.); (Y.S.)
| | - Guodong Chai
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China; (R.C.); (L.Q.); (S.Z.); (G.C.); (M.H.); (K.L.); (Y.X.); (L.X.); (Y.S.)
| | - Mengbo Huang
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China; (R.C.); (L.Q.); (S.Z.); (G.C.); (M.H.); (K.L.); (Y.X.); (L.X.); (Y.S.)
| | - Kailong Li
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China; (R.C.); (L.Q.); (S.Z.); (G.C.); (M.H.); (K.L.); (Y.X.); (L.X.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yi Xiao
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China; (R.C.); (L.Q.); (S.Z.); (G.C.); (M.H.); (K.L.); (Y.X.); (L.X.); (Y.S.)
| | - Lin Xie
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China; (R.C.); (L.Q.); (S.Z.); (G.C.); (M.H.); (K.L.); (Y.X.); (L.X.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yuxin Song
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China; (R.C.); (L.Q.); (S.Z.); (G.C.); (M.H.); (K.L.); (Y.X.); (L.X.); (Y.S.)
| | - Dongqi Wang
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China; (R.C.); (L.Q.); (S.Z.); (G.C.); (M.H.); (K.L.); (Y.X.); (L.X.); (Y.S.)
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China
- Correspondence:
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18
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The Inhibitory Effect of Free Nitrous Acid and Free Ammonia on the Anoxic Phosphorus Uptake Rate of Polyphosphate-Accumulating Organisms. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15062108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of free nitrous acid (FNA) and free ammonia (FA) on the anoxic phosphorus uptake rate (PUR) of polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs) via the utilization of nitrite. With this goal, upon developing a PAO-enriched culture in a sequential batch reactor, a series of batch experiments were conducted to examine the effects of nitrite and ammonium on the anoxic phosphorus uptake rate at different pH levels. According to the results, both free nitrous acid and free ammonia were found to inhibit anoxic PUR to a degree similar to their respective effects on aerobic PUR reported in previous studies, suggesting that phosphorus removal via the anoxic pathway may be just as susceptible as that via the aerobic pathway. The effect of FNA on anoxic PUR is optimally described by a non-competitive inhibition model with a KiFNA value of 1.6 μg N L−1, while the Levenspiel model with an SFA* value of 37 mg N L−1 provided the best fit for the FA effect on PAOs anoxic activities. The results of this study provide new insights regarding the viability of EBPR under high nitrogen loading conditions.
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19
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Thomas BD, Uludag-Demirer S, Frost H, Liu Y, Dusenbury JS, Liao W. Decentralized high-strength wastewater treatment using a compact aerobic baffled bioreactor. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 305:114281. [PMID: 34965502 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Decentralized wastewater treatment is a potential solution to the economic and sustainability issues associated with current wastewater infrastructure requirements for rural and expanding urban settings. However, wastewater produced from small-scale operations (domestic, industrial, agricultural, defense, etc.) are often found to have higher pollution concentrations than municipal wastewater and is referred to as "blackwater" in the study. A baffled bioreactor (BBR) was employed to carry out blackwater treatment. The results of this study showed the removal of organic content and inorganic nitrogen was high in all of the feed amounts tested and increased corresponding to an increase in feed amount. Microbial diversity results supported that the feed amount was the most important factor in treatment performance. The microbial community was more diverse at higher feed amounts than lower feed amounts. A non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis revealed that higher feed amounts enriched Verrucomicrobiaceae, unclassified Sphingomonadales, unclassified Burkholderiales in the microbial community, and facilitated the removal of total solids, total nitrogen, and NO3-. The energy and exergy analyses showed the consumption of 5.02 Wh/L wastewater energy with a universal exergy efficiency of 61% at the feed amount of 3750 LPD. An economic analysis further delineated the treatment cost profiles of the decentralized unit under four different energy case scenarios of electricity from the grid, propane gas engine for remote rural communities, diesel engine (I) using standard U.S. market diesel fuel costs for remote rural communities and scientific research bases, and diesel engine (II) using the fully burdened cost of diesel fuel for military contingency bases and other extreme environmental scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Thomas
- Anaerobic Digestion Research and Education Center (ADREC), Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Fuel and Water Equipment Branch, US ARMY Combat Capabilities Development Command (DEVCOM) Ground Vehicle Systems Center (GVSC), Selfridge, MI, USA
| | - Sibel Uludag-Demirer
- Anaerobic Digestion Research and Education Center (ADREC), Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Henry Frost
- Anaerobic Digestion Research and Education Center (ADREC), Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Yan Liu
- Anaerobic Digestion Research and Education Center (ADREC), Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - James S Dusenbury
- Fuel and Water Equipment Branch, US ARMY Combat Capabilities Development Command (DEVCOM) Ground Vehicle Systems Center (GVSC), Selfridge, MI, USA
| | - Wei Liao
- Anaerobic Digestion Research and Education Center (ADREC), Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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20
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Efficient Phosphorus Recovery from Municipal Wastewater Using Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal in an Anaerobic/Anoxic/Aerobic Membrane Bioreactor and Magnesium-Based Pellets. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12020210. [PMID: 35207131 PMCID: PMC8879317 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12020210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Municipal wastewater has been identified as a potential source of natural phosphorus (P) that is projected to become depleted in a few decades based on current exploitation rates. This paper focuses on combining a bench-scale anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic membrane bioreactor (MBR) and magnesium carbonate (MgCO3)-based pellets to effectively recover P from municipal wastewater. Ethanol was introduced into the anoxic zone of the MBR system as an external carbon source to improve P release via the enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) mechanism, making it available for adsorption by the continuous-flow MgCO3 pellet column. An increase in the concentration of P in the MBR effluent led to an increase in the P adsorption capacity of the MgCO3 pellets. As a result, the anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic MBR system, combined with a MgCO3 pellet column and ethanol, achieved 91.6% P recovery from municipal wastewater, resulting in a maximum P adsorption capacity of 12.8 mg P/g MgCO3 through the continuous-flow MgCO3 pellet column. Although the introduction of ethanol into the anoxic zone was instrumental in releasing P through the EBPR, it could potentially increase membrane fouling by increasing the concentration of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) in the anoxic zone.
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21
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Zheng J, Wang N, Zhao L, Li Y, Yu J, Wang S. Microbial population changes and metabolic shift of candidatus accumulibacter under low temperature and limiting polyphosphate. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2022; 85:1107-1119. [PMID: 35228357 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the microbial population dynamics of Accumulibacter (Acc) at low temperature and metabolic shift to limiting polyphosphate (Poly-P) in enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) system. The Accumulibacter-enriched EBPR systems, fed with acetate (HAc) and propionate (HPr) at 10 ± 1 °C respectively, were operated for 60 days in two identical SBR reactors (SBR-1 and SBR-2). The phosphorus removal performance in two systems was stable at 10 ± 1 °C, while the microbial community structure changed. Compared with the population structure in seed sludge, Accumulibacter clades reduced in the HAc system, while Acc I increased significantly in the HPr system. Low temperature was beneficial to the formation of granular sludge in the EBPR system, and the sludge granulation in the HAc system was more homogeneous than that in the HPr system. Accumulibacter in the HPr system can get ATP through glycogen accumulating metabolism (GAM) under limiting Poly-P condition at 10 ± 1 °C, while that in the HAc system cannot. This work suggests that poly-P levels can affect the metabolic pathway of Accumulibacter in EBPR systems under low temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Zheng
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin 300384, China E-mail: ; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin, China; Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Nan Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin 300384, China E-mail: ; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin, China; Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Ledan Zhao
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin 300384, China E-mail: ; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin, China; Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Yajing Li
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin 300384, China E-mail: ; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin, China; Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Jingjie Yu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin 300384, China E-mail: ; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin, China; Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Shaopo Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin 300384, China E-mail: ; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin, China; Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
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22
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Agnihotri S, Yin DM, Mahboubi A, Sapmaz T, Varjani S, Qiao W, Koseoglu-Imer DY, Taherzadeh MJ. A Glimpse of the World of Volatile Fatty Acids Production and Application: A review. Bioengineered 2022; 13:1249-1275. [PMID: 34738864 PMCID: PMC8805862 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1996044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustainable provision of chemicals and materials is undoubtedly a defining factor in guaranteeing economic, environmental, and social stability of future societies. Among the most sought-after chemical building blocks are volatile fatty acids (VFAs). VFAs such as acetic, propionic, and butyric acids have numerous industrial applications supporting from food and pharmaceuticals industries to wastewater treatment. The fact that VFAs can be produced synthetically from petrochemical derivatives and also through biological routes, for example, anaerobic digestion of organic mixed waste highlights their provision flexibility and sustainability. In this regard, this review presents a detailed overview of the applications associated with petrochemically and biologically generated VFAs, individually or in mixture, in industrial and laboratory scale, conventional and novel applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarnima Agnihotri
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden
| | - Dong-Min Yin
- Institute of Urban and Rural Mining, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Amir Mahboubi
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden
| | - Tugba Sapmaz
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Wei Qiao
- Institute of Urban and Rural Mining, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Derya Y. Koseoglu-Imer
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
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23
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Xu S, Chai W, Xiao R, Smets BF, Palomo A, Lu H. Survival strategy of comammox bacteria in a wastewater nutrient removal system with sludge fermentation liquid as additional carbon source. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 802:149862. [PMID: 34461473 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Complete ammonia oxidizing (comammox) bacteria are frequently detected in wastewater biological nutrient removal (BNR) systems. This study identified "Candidatus Nitrospira nitrosa"-like comammox bacteria as the predominant ammonia oxidizers (97.5-99.4%) in a lab-scale BNR system with acetate and sludge fermentation liquid as external carbon sources. The total nitrogen and phosphorus removals of the system were 75.9% and 86.9% with minimal N2O emission (0.27%). Low ammonia concentration, mixotrophic growth potentials and metabolic interactions with diverse heterotrophs collectively contributed to the survival of comammox bacteria in the system. The recovered draft genomes of comammox bacteria indicated their potentials in using acetate and propionate but not butyrate. Acetate and propionate indeed stimulated the transcription of comammox amoA genes (up-regulated by 4.1 folds compared with no organic addition), which was positively correlated with the ammonia oxidation rate of the community (r = 0.75, p < 0.05). Comammox bacteria could provide vitamins/cofactors (e.g., cobalamin and biotin) to heterotrophs (e.g., Burkholderiaceae), and in return receive amino acids (e.g., phenylalanine and tyrosine) from heterotrophs, which they cannot synthesize. Compared with comammox bacteria, ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) exhibited lower metabolic versatility, and lacked more pathways for the synthesis of amino acids and vitamin/cofactors, leading to their washout in the studied system. BNRs with comammox bacteria as the major nitrifiers hold great potentials in achieving superior performance at low aeration cost and low N2O emission and at full-scale plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenbo Chai
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rui Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Barth F Smets
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Alejandro Palomo
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Huijie Lu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Bahreini G, Elbahrawi M, Elbeshbishy E, Santoro D, Nakhla G. Biological nutrient removal enhancement using fermented primary and rotating belt filter biosolids. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 796:148947. [PMID: 34273832 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This research compared the impact of two primary treatment options (i.e. primary clarification and rotating belt filtration (RBF)) on biological nutrients removal (BNR) process, using sludge fermentation liquid (SFL) as a carbon source. The liquid fraction of both fermented primary and RBF sludges comparably enhanced BNR. Despite the significant contribution of the unpurified SFL to the sharp increase in nutrient levels; i.e. 47%-64% (primary effluent; PE), and 45%-53% (RBF) of the soluble nitrogen and phosphorus loads; readily biodegradable COD and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) fractions of the combined feed increased significantly (2.5-6.1 times), compared to the original feed by additional SFL. Removal efficiencies in the reactors reached 57% (total nitrogen) and 92% (total phosphorus) after addition of SFL. Effluent nitrogen and phosphorus of the two reactors were close in the range of 15 ± 6 mg N/L, and 0.5 ± 0.3 mg P/L, respectively. Kinetics studies showed denitrification rates of 1.3, and 1.13 kg NO3-N/m3.d for primary effluent and RBF effluent-fed reactors, respectively. Phosphorus release rates were 11.7 and 9.7 mg PO4-P/g VSS.h, for primary, and RBF effluents, respectively; showing 20%-22% lower rates in the RBF SFL. Incorporating experimental data into a plant-wide model for a 100 MLD facility receiving typical medium strength wastewater, showed that although primary treatment enhanced the biogas production by 96% (primary clarification) and 62% (RBF) trains; combined fermentation and anaerobic digestion was effective to enhance the biogas production by 59% on average, compared to the base scenario without primary treatment. Additionally, if primary clarification exists, then the addition of fermentation results in additional revenue of C$1890/d in the plant, considering additional revenue of C$2230/d due to VFA generation in contrast to only C$340/d loss due to the reduced methane production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Bahreini
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada.
| | - Moustafa Elbahrawi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Elsayed Elbeshbishy
- Civil Engineering Department, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
| | | | - George Nakhla
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada
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25
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Amorim de Carvalho CD, Ferreira Dos Santos A, Tavares Ferreira TJ, Sousa Aguiar Lira VN, Mendes Barros AR, Bezerra Dos Santos A. Resource recovery in aerobic granular sludge systems: is it feasible or still a long way to go? CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 274:129881. [PMID: 33582539 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lately, wastewater treatment plants are much often being designed as wastewater-resource factories inserted in circular cities. Among biological treatment technologies, aerobic granular sludge (AGS), considered an evolution of activated sludge (AS), has received great attention regarding its resource recovery potential. This review presents the state-of-the-art concerning the influence of operational parameters on the recovery of alginate-like exopolysaccharides (ALE), tryptophan, phosphorus, and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) from AGS systems. The carbon to nitrogen ratio was identified as a parameter that plays an important role for the optimal production of ALE, tryptophan, and PHA. The sludge retention time effect is more pronounced for the production of ALE and tryptophan. Additionally, salinity levels in the bioreactors can potentially be manipulated to increase ALE and phosphorus yields simultaneously. Some existing knowledge gaps in the scientific literature concerning the recovery of these resources from AGS were also identified. Regarding industrial applications, tryptophan has the longest way to go. On the other hand, ALE production/recovery could be considered the most mature process if we take into account that existing alternatives for phosphorus and PHA production/recovery are optimized for activated sludge rather than granular sludge. Consequently, to maintain the same effectiveness, these processes likely could not be applied to AGS without undergoing some modification. Therefore, investigating to what extent these adaptations are necessary and designing alternatives is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara de Amorim de Carvalho
- Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Amanda Ferreira Dos Santos
- Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - André Bezerra Dos Santos
- Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
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26
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Izadi P, Izadi P, Eldyasti A. A review of biochemical diversity and metabolic modeling of EBPR process under specific environmental conditions and carbon source availability. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 288:112362. [PMID: 33831633 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) is one of the most promising technologies as an economical and environmentally sustainable technique for removal of phosphorus from wastewater (WW). However, with high capacity of EBPR, insufficient P-removal is a major yet common issue of many full-scale wastewater treatment plants (WWTP), due to misinterpreted environmental and microbial disturbance. By developing a rather extensive understanding on biochemical pathways and metabolic models governing the anaerobic and aerobic/anoxic processes; the optimal operational conditions, environmental changes and microbial population interaction are efficiently predicted. Therefore, this paper critically reviews the current knowledge on biochemical pathways and metabolic models of phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAOs) and glycogen accumulating organisms (GAOs) as the most abundant microbial populations in EBPR process with an insight on the effect of available carbon source types in WW on phosphorus removal performance. Moreover, this paper critically assesses the gaps and potential future research in metabolic modeling area. With all the developments on EBPR process in the past few decades, there is still lack of knowledge in this critical sector. This paper hopes to touch on this problem by gathering the existing knowledge and to provide farther insights on the future work onto chemical transformations and metabolic strategies in different conditions to benefit the quantitative model as well as WWTP designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parnian Izadi
- Civil engineering, York university, 4700 Keele St, Toronto, M3J 1P3, ON, Canada.
| | - Parin Izadi
- Civil engineering, York university, 4700 Keele St, Toronto, M3J 1P3, ON, Canada.
| | - Ahmed Eldyasti
- Civil engineering, York university, 4700 Keele St, Toronto, M3J 1P3, ON, Canada.
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27
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Jama-Rodzeńska A, Białowiec A, Koziel JA, Sowiński J. Waste to phosphorus: A transdisciplinary solution to P recovery from wastewater based on the TRIZ approach. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 287:112235. [PMID: 33721761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is a limited yet essential resource. P cannot be replaced, but it can be recovered from waste. We proposed the TRIZ approach (Teoria reszenija izobretatielskich zadacz - Rus., Theory of Inventive Problem Solving - Eng.) to identify a feasible solution. We aimed at minimizing the environmental impact and, by eliminating contradictions, proposed viable technical solutions. P recovery can be more sustainable based on circular economy and 4Rs (reduction, recovery, reuse, and recycling). The TRIZ approach identified sewage sludge (SS) as waste with a large potential for P recovery (up to 90%). Successful selection and application of SS management and P recovery require a transdisciplinary approach to overcome the various socio-economic, environmental, technical, and legal aspects. The review provides an understanding of principles that must be taken to improve understanding of the whole process of P recovery from wastewater while building on the last two decades of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jama-Rodzeńska
- Institute of Agroecology and Plant Production, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 24a Grunwaldzki Square, 53-363, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Białowiec
- Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37a Chełmońskiego Str., 51-630, Wrocław, Poland; Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, 4350 Elings Hall, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
| | - Jacek A Koziel
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, 4350 Elings Hall, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
| | - Józef Sowiński
- Institute of Agroecology and Plant Production, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 24a Grunwaldzki Square, 53-363, Wrocław, Poland.
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28
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Wang L, Liu J, Oehmen A, Le C, Geng Y, Zhou Y. Butyrate can support PAOs but not GAOs in tropical climates. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 193:116884. [PMID: 33556694 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.116884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Glycogen accumulating organisms (GAOs) are thought to compete with polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) for the often-limiting carbon sources available in wastewater, deteriorating enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) performance at high temperatures. Fermentation liquids are often used to provide an additional carbon source supply in EBPR processes, where butyrate is known to be an important volatile fatty acid (VFA) produced in sludge fermentation. Nevertheless, the impact of butyrate on the PAO-GAO competition is not well understood especially at high temperature. The results of this study demonstrate that butyrate, as a supplemental or sole carbon source, could be promising for EBPR in tropical climates. When the carbon source was gradually changed from acetate to butyrate, a substantial PAO population was found under both conditions, despite a substantial shift in the abundance of Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis (decreased from 37.4% to 13.9%) to Rhodocyclaceae (increased from 2.0% to 14.5%), where both organisms likely played an important role in P-removal. Thus, a relatively stable P removal performance was realized throughout the whole operation period. Nevertheless, butyrate had a negative impact on GAOs. The biomass concentration and microbial diversity continually decreased in the GAO reactor, and Candidatus Competibacter phosphatis reduced from 27.3% to 6.2%, where the dominant population was replaced by Zoogloea. With the addition of butyrate as carbon source, the total amount of synthesized PHAs reduced in both PAO and GAO cultures and the composition of PHA was greatly changed. The presence of a novel PHA fraction (PHH) may disturb the microbial activity in the aerobic phase, where the GAO culture was more severely affected. Glycogen cycling also seemed to be limited in both reactors. This could reduce the GAO metabolism in both cultures and favor PAOs and P removal. Furthermore, the biomass growth rate of the PAO culture was higher than that of GAO when fed with butyrate, which also provides PAO a competitive advantage. All the above results indicate that butyrate could not be well metabolized by GAOs, but could provide PAOs a competitive advantage. Thus, mixed VFAs (i.e. acetate, propionate and butyrate) are likely to favor PAOs over GAOs in EBPR processes operated in warm climates, where the impact of substantial butyrate fractions represents an advantage towards successful process operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore, 637141, Singapore; Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Jianbo Liu
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore, 637141, Singapore; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Adrian Oehmen
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Chencheng Le
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore, 637141, Singapore
| | - Yikun Geng
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore, 637141, Singapore
| | - Yan Zhou
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore, 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
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29
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Insights into the effects of acetate on the community structure of Candidatus Accumulibacter in biological phosphorus removal system using DNA stable-isotope probing (DNA-SIP). Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 139:109567. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2020.109567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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30
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Terashima M, Kamagata Y, Kato S. Rapid Enrichment and Isolation of Polyphosphate-Accumulating Organisms Through 4'6-Diamidino-2-Phenylindole (DAPI) Staining With Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting (FACS). Front Microbiol 2020; 11:793. [PMID: 32425914 PMCID: PMC7203516 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Screening for bacteria with abilities to accumulate valuable intracellular compounds from an environmental community is difficult and requires strategic methods. Combining the experimental procedure for phenotyping living cells in a microbial community with the cell recovery necessary for further cultivation will allow for an efficient initial screening process. In this study, we developed a strategy for the isolation of polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs) by combining (i) nontoxic fluorescence staining of polyphosphate granules in viable microbial cells and (ii) fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) for the rapid detection and collection of target cells. To implement this screening approach, cells from wastewater sludge samples were stained with 4’6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) to target cells with high polyphosphate (polyP) accumulation. We found a staining procedure (10 μg/ml of DAPI for 30 min) that can visualize polyP granules while maintaining viability for the majority of the cells (>60%). The polyP positive cells were recovered by FACS, purified by colony isolation and phylogenetically identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Follow-up analysis confirmed that these isolates accumulate polyP, indicating that DAPI can be implemented in staining living cells and FACS can effectively and rapidly screen and isolate individual cells from a complex microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Terashima
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sapporo, Japan.,Division of Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kamagata
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sapporo, Japan.,Division of Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Souichiro Kato
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sapporo, Japan.,Division of Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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31
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Wang S, Li Z, Wang D, Li Y, Sun L. Performance and population structure of two carbon sources granular enhanced biological phosphorus removal systems at low temperature. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 300:122683. [PMID: 31901772 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the effect of two carbon sources on performance and population structure of granular enhanced biological phosphorus removal systems at long-term low temperature by using two sequencing batch reactors, with acetate (SBR-1) and propionate (SBR-2) as carbon sources respectively. Results showed that highly efficient EBPR were successfully achieved, and the average PO43--P and COD removal efficiency of SBR-1 and SBR-2 were 94.2%, 87.1% and 98.2%, 87.0%, respectively. Moreover, the acetate system preferred to utilize intracellular Mg/K-polyP to produce ATP for VFA uptake rather than glycogen. High-throughput sequencing analysis revealed that the abundance of Rhodocyclaceae were 31.7% (SBR-1) and 71.7% (SBR-2), and genus Dechloromonas was enriched to 60.5% with propionate, evidently higher than acetate (1.2%). Furthermore, in addition to oxygen, Dechloromonas could use nitrate as electron acceptors for phosphate uptake. The study further provides support to simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal at low temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaopo Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin, China; Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Zhu Li
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin, China; Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin, China; Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Yajing Li
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin, China; Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Liping Sun
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin, China; Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
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32
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Wang X, Jin P, Zhang A, Gao J, Zhang B, Hou Y. Effect of mechanical elutriation on carbon source recovery from primary sludge in a novel activated primary tank. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 240:124820. [PMID: 31568942 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A novel activated primary tank (APT) with an elutriation unit was developed for recovering carbon by the fermentation and elutriation of primary sludge, and the mechanical elutriation mechanism was analysed by conducting a batch fermentation experiment to improve carbon source recovery. The results indicated that a high stirring velocity gradient could cause sludge disintegration, which could not only shorten the fermentation time, but also increase the production of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) by 8.3% and 9.5%, respectively. Moreover, mechanical elutriation could also promote the release of SCOD from sludge to water, resulting in an increase in the yield of SCOD by 9.2%, it was observed that elutriation intensity plays a more important role than the elutriation time. The microbial community structure of the fermentation system was influenced by the stirring intensity. The relative abundance of fermentative bacteria in the reactor with a stirring intensity (G) of 160 s-1 was 13.8%, which was significantly higher than that in the reactor with G = 31 s-1 (8.037%), so the accumulation of VFAs and SCOD in the reactor with G = 160 s-1 was improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianbao Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710021, China.
| | - Pengkang Jin
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710055, China
| | - Anlong Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710021, China
| | - Junling Gao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710021, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710021, China
| | - Yinping Hou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710021, China
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33
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Bertanza G, Menoni L, Capoferri GU, Pedrazzani R. Promoting biological phosphorus removal in a full scale pre-denitrification wastewater treatment plant. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 254:109803. [PMID: 31733473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A survey conducted in Italy revealed that less than 0.5% out of a sample of over 2,000 municipal wastewater treatment plants is equipped with an enhanced biological phosphorus removal process. Conditions promoting biological phosphorus removal have been investigated by monitoring three real plants equipped with, respectively: (A) simultaneous chemical precipitation; (B) enhanced biological removal powered by chemical precipitation; (C) tertiary chemical precipitation with evidence of phosphate accumulating bacteria. An anaerobic compartment revealed essential for the growth of these microorganisms, the readily degradable organic concentration in the influent playing a minor role. Mapping dissolved oxygen and oxidation-reduction potential in different compartments of plant (C) was carried out to understand the reasons why phosphate accumulating bacteria were found even in the absence of anaerobic reactor. Finally, the possibility to exploit the biological phosphorus removal in plant (C), by adjusting the aeration conditions, was explored and an economic analysis showed this to be a preferable approach with respect to the chemical removal of phosphorus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Bertanza
- DICATAM - Department of Civil Engineering, Architecture, Land, Environment and Mathematics, University of Brescia, Via Branze 43, I-25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Laura Menoni
- DICATAM - Department of Civil Engineering, Architecture, Land, Environment and Mathematics, University of Brescia, Via Branze 43, I-25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giacomo Umberto Capoferri
- DICATAM - Department of Civil Engineering, Architecture, Land, Environment and Mathematics, University of Brescia, Via Branze 43, I-25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberta Pedrazzani
- DIMI - Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze 38, I-25123, Brescia, Italy.
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34
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Wang D, Tooker NB, Srinivasan V, Li G, Fernandez LA, Schauer P, Menniti A, Maher C, Bott CB, Dombrowski P, Barnard JL, Onnis-Hayden A, Gu AZ. Side-stream enhanced biological phosphorus removal (S2EBPR) process improves system performance - A full-scale comparative study. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 167:115109. [PMID: 31585384 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To address the common challenges in enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) related to stability and unfavorable influent carbon to phosphorus ratio, a side-stream EBPR (S2EBPR) process that involves a side-stream anaerobic biological sludge hydrolysis and fermentation reactor was proposed as an emerging alternative. In this study, a full-scale pilot testing was performed with side-by-side operation of a conventional anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic (A2O) process versus a S2EBPR process. A comparison of the performance, activity and microbial community between the two configurations was performed. The results demonstrated that, with the same influent wastewater characteristics, S2EBPR configuration showed improved P removal performance and stability than the conventional A2O configuration, especially when the mixers in the side-stream anaerobic reactor were operated intermittently. Mass balance analysis illustrated that both denitrification and EBPR were enhanced in S2EBPR configuration, where return activated sludge was diverted into the anaerobic zone to promote fermentation and enrichment of polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs), and the influent was bypassed to the anoxic zone for enhancing denitrification. A relatively higher PAO activity and total PAO abundance were observed in S2EBPR than in A2O configuration, accompanied by a higher degree of dependence on glycolysis pathway than tricarboxylic acid cycle. No significant difference in the relative abundances of putative PAOs, including Ca. Accumulibacter and Tetrasphaera, were observed between the two configurations. However, higher microbial community diversity indices were observed in S2EBPR configuration than in conventional one. In addition, consistently lower relative abundance of known glycogen accumulating organisms (GAOs) was observed in S2EBPR system. Extended anaerobic retention time and conditions that generate continuous and more complex volatile fatty acids in the side-stream anaerobic reactor of S2EBPR process likely give more competitive advantage for PAOs over GAOs. PAOs exhibited sustained EBPR activity and delayed decay under extended anaerobic condition, likely due to their versatile metabolic pathways depending on the availability and utilization of multiple intracellular polymers. This study provided new insights into the effects of implementing side-stream EBPR configuration on microbial populations, EBPR activity profiles and resulted system performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710048, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, United States.
| | - Nicholas B Tooker
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Varun Srinivasan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Guangyu Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Loretta A Fernandez
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Peter Schauer
- Clean Water Services, 16060 SW 85th Avenue, Tigard, OR, 97224, United States
| | - Adrienne Menniti
- Clean Water Services, 16060 SW 85th Avenue, Tigard, OR, 97224, United States
| | - Chris Maher
- Clean Water Services, 16060 SW 85th Avenue, Tigard, OR, 97224, United States
| | - Charles B Bott
- Hampton Roads Sanitation District, 1434 Air Rail Avenue, Virginia Beach, VA, 23454, United States
| | - Paul Dombrowski
- Woodard & Curran, Inc., 1699 King Street, Enfield, CT, 06082, United States
| | - James L Barnard
- Black & Veatch, 8400 Ward Parkway, Kansas City, MO, 64114, United States
| | - Annalisa Onnis-Hayden
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - April Z Gu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, United States; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, 220 Hollister Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, United States.
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35
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Zaman M, Kim M, Nakhla G, Singh A, Yang F. Enhanced biological phosphorus removal using thermal alkaline hydrolyzed municipal wastewater biosolids. J Environ Sci (China) 2019; 86:164-174. [PMID: 31787181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2019.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the feasibility of using municipal wastewater biosolids as an alternative carbon source for biological phosphorus removal. The biosolids were treated by a low-temperature, thermal alkaline hydrolysis process patented by Lystek International Inc. (Cambridge, ON, Canada) to produce short-chain volatile fatty acids and other readily biodegradable organics. Two sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) were operated with synthetic volatile fatty acids (SynVFA) and readily biodegradable organics produced from the alkaline hydrolysis of municipal wastewater biosolids (Lystek) as the carbon source, respectively. Municipal wastewaters with different strengths and COD:N:P ratios were tested in the study. The reactors' performances were compared with respect to nitrogen and phosphorus removal. It was observed that phosphorus removal efficiencies were between 98%-99% and 90%-97% and nitrogen removal efficiencies were 78%-81%, and 67% for the SynVFA and Lystek, respectively. However, the kinetics for phosphorus release and uptake during the anaerobic and aerobic stages with Lystek were observed to be significantly lower than SynVFA due to the presence of higher order VFAs (C4 and above) and other fermentable organics in the Lystek.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masuduz Zaman
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Mingu Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - George Nakhla
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
| | - Ajay Singh
- Lystek International Inc., Cambridge, ON, Canada
| | - Fenghua Yang
- Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago, Chicago, USA
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Wang HG, Biswal BK, Mao YP, Chen GH, Wu D. Multiple-cycle operation of sulphur-cycle-enhanced biological phosphorus removal to maintain stable performance at high temperatures. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 289:121736. [PMID: 31288961 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated a new method of multiple-cycle operation of a sulphur-cycle-enhanced biological phosphorus (P) removal system to maintain good phosphorus removal performance at a high temperature (30 °C). The findings demonstrate that P removal was low and unstable under a normal cycle (77 ± 18%), but multiple cycles resulted in a high and quite stable level of P removal (88 ± 9%). Moreover, in the normal mode, the polyhydroxyalkanoate levels increased significantly from 2 to 15 mg C/g of VSS, the glycogen level doubled from 5 to 10 mg C/g of VSS and the polyhydroxyalkanoate and glycogen levels were maintained at considerably low levels after multiple cycles (only 5 C/g of VSS). The 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing analysis revealed that the genera Thioalbus and Psychrobacter in the gamma-Proteobacteria class were the key functional communities. These findings suggest a high level of P removal with multiple cycles of sulphur-cycle enhanced biological phosphorus removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Guang Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Basanta Kumar Biswal
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yan-Ping Mao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Guang-Hao Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
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Cai W, Huang W, Lei Z, Zhang Z, Lee DJ, Adachi Y. Granulation of activated sludge using butyrate and valerate as additional carbon source and granular phosphorus removal capacity during wastewater treatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 282:269-274. [PMID: 30875594 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
As an efficient and low-cost phosphorus (P) removal method from wastewater, enhanced biological phosphorus removal process always faces the insufficient carbon source issue. In this study, two identical sequencing batch reactors were used to cultivate aerobic granular sludge, in which butyrate (Rb) and valerate (Rv), two major volatile fatty acids that can be produced from anaerobic fermentation of waste biomass, were respectively applied as additional carbon source. Both reactors exhibited almost same excellent organics and total nitrogen removals during 120 days' operation, about 95.2-95.7% and 67.9-68.0% respectively with noticeable difference in P removal. Compared to the granules in Rv (24.3 mg P/g-total solids), bigger and more stable ones with higher P removal capacity (11.5 mg P/g-volatile solids∙d) were finally achieved in Rb, containing higher P content (36.0 mg P/g-total solids) with more orthophosphate and polyphosphate accumulated. Microbial community analysis reflected more polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (Rhodocyclus-related bacteria and Actinobacteria) in the granules from Rb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cai
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China; Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Wenli Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, No. 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhongfang Lei
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.
| | - Zhenya Zhang
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Yasuhisa Adachi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
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Re-evaluating the microbiology of the enhanced biological phosphorus removal process. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2019; 57:111-118. [PMID: 30959426 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We have critically assessed some of the dogmas in the microbiology of enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) and argue that the genus Tetrasphaera can be as important as Ca. Accumulibacter for phosphorus removal; and that proliferation of their competitors, the glycogen accumulating organisms, does not appear to be a practical problem for EBPR efficiency even under tropical conditions. An increasing number of EBPR-related genomes are changing our understanding of their physiology, for example, their potential to participate in denitrification. Rather than trying to identify organisms that adhere to strict phenotype metabolic models, we advocate for broader analyses of the whole microbial communities in EBPR plants by iterative studies with isolates, lab enrichments, and full-scale systems.
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Qiu G, Zuniga-Montanez R, Law Y, Thi SS, Nguyen TQN, Eganathan K, Liu X, Nielsen PH, Williams RBH, Wuertz S. Polyphosphate-accumulating organisms in full-scale tropical wastewater treatment plants use diverse carbon sources. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 149:496-510. [PMID: 30476778 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) is considered challenging in the tropics, based on a great number of laboratory-based studies showing that the polyphosphate-accumulating organism (PAO) Candidatus Accumulibacter does not compete well with glycogen accumulating organisms (GAOs) at temperatures above 25 °C. Yet limited information is available on the PAO community and the metabolic capabilities in full-scale EBPR systems operating at high temperature. We studied the composition of the key functional PAO communities in three full-scale wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) with high in-situ EBPR activity in Singapore, their EBPR-associated carbon usage characteristics, and the relationship between carbon usage and community composition. Each plant had a signature community composed of diverse putative PAOs with multiple operational taxonomic units (OTUs) affiliated to Ca. Accumulibacter, Tetrasphaera spp., Dechloromonas and Ca. Obscuribacter. Despite the differences in community composition, ex-situ anaerobic phosphorus (P)-release tests with 24 organic compounds from five categories (including four sugars, three alcohols, three volatile fatty acids (VFAs), eight amino acids and six other carboxylic acids) showed that a wide range of organic compounds could potentially contribute to EBPR. VFAs induced the highest P release (12.0-18.2 mg P/g MLSS for acetate with a P release-to-carbon uptake (P:C) ratio of 0.35-0.66 mol P/mol C, 9.4-18.5 mg P/g MLSS for propionate with a P:C ratio of 0.38-0.60, and 9.5-17.3 mg P/g MLSS for n-butyrate), followed by some carboxylic acids (10.1-18.1 mg P/g MLSS for pyruvate, 4.5-11.7 mg P/g MLSS for lactate and 3.7-12.4 mg P/g MLSS for fumarate) and amino acids (3.66-7.33 mg P/g MLSS for glutamate with a P:C ratio of 0.16-0.43 mol P/mol C, and 4.01-7.37 mg P/g MLSS for aspartate with a P:C ratio of 0.17-0.48 mol P/mol C). P-release profiles (induced by different carbon sources) correlated closely with PAO community composition. High micro-diversity was observed within the Ca. Accumulibacter lineage, which represented the most abundant PAOs. The total population of Ca. Accumulibacter taxa was highly correlated with P-release induced by VFAs, highlighting the latter's importance in tropical EBPR systems. There was a strong link between the relative abundance of individual Ca. Accumulibacter OTUs and the extent of P release induced by distinct carbon sources (e.g., OTU 81 and amino acids, and OTU 246 and ethanol), suggesting niche differentiation among Ca. Accumulibacter taxa. A diverse PAO community and the ability to use numerous organic compounds are considered key factors for stable EBPR in full-scale plants at elevated temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglei Qiu
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore.
| | - Rogelio Zuniga-Montanez
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Yingyu Law
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Sara Swa Thi
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Thi Quynh Ngoc Nguyen
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Kaliyamoorthy Eganathan
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - Xianghui Liu
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Per H Nielsen
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore; Centre for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, DK-9220, Denmark
| | - Rohan B H Williams
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - Stefan Wuertz
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
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40
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Pan Y, Ruan W, Huang Y, Chen Q, Miao H, Wang T. Performance of enhanced biological phosphorus removal and population dynamics of phosphorus accumulating organisms in sludge-shifting sequencing batch reactors. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2018; 78:886-895. [PMID: 30252666 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2018.363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The sludge-shifting sequencing batch reactor (SBR) is an enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) process for wastewater treatment. In this study, the enrichment of phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAOs) will be attempted by using different high concentration of substrates. In sludge-shifting SBR, activated sludge can be continuously shifted from the bottom of SBR to anaerobic zone/selector, which contains high concentration of substrates, through an orderly reflux between the paralleled SBRs. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) methods were used to monitor microbial diversity in sludge. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to determine the microbial population profile and distribution map under different sludge shifting volumes. The synthesis of intracellular polymers in this process was also analyzed. Phosphorus removal efficiency as high as 96% ± 1.3% was achieved under a sludge shifting ratio of 30%. Synthetic efficiencies of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) by PAOs were improved at high sludge shifting ratios. FISH results demonstrated that the population of PAOs in the process increased under properly sludge shifting ratio and it significantly improved phosphorus removal efficiency. Sequencing results indicated that determined sequences (11 OTUs) belonged to Proteobacterium, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes, Pseudomonas kuykendallii, which played an important role in the process of P removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Pan
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China E-mail: ; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215011, China
| | - Wenquan Ruan
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China E-mail: ; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yong Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215011, China
| | - Qianqian Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215011, China
| | - Hengfeng Miao
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China E-mail: ; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China E-mail: ; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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41
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Yang G, Wang D, Yang Q, Zhao J, Liu Y, Wang Q, Zeng G, Li X, Li H. Effect of acetate to glycerol ratio on enhanced biological phosphorus removal. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 196:78-86. [PMID: 29291517 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.12.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) is a sustainable and promising technology for phosphorus removal from wastewater. The efficiency of this technology, however, is often discounted due to the insufficient carbon sources in influent. In this work, the effect of acetate to glycerol ratio on the EBPR performance was evaluated. The experimental results showed when the ratio of acetate to glycerol decreased from 100/0% to 50/50%, the EBPR efficiency increased from 90.2% to 96.2%. Further decrease of acetate to glycerol ratio to 0/100% decreased the efficiency of EBPR to 30.5%. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis demonstrated appropriate increase of glycerol benefited to increase the relative abundance of phosphate accumulating organisms. Further investigation revealed the proper addition of glycerol increased the amount of polyhydroxyalkanoates synthesis, and then produced sufficient energy for oxic luxury phosphorus in the subsequent oxic phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojing Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China; College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Dongbo Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Qi Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jianwei Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Yiwen Liu
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Qilin Wang
- Griffith School of Engineering, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Hailong Li
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
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42
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Melia PM, Cundy AB, Sohi SP, Hooda PS, Busquets R. Trends in the recovery of phosphorus in bioavailable forms from wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 186:381-395. [PMID: 28802130 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.07.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Addressing food security issues arising from phosphorus (P) scarcity is described as one of the greatest global challenges of the 21st Century. Dependence on inorganic phosphate fertilisers derived from limited geological sources of P creates an urgent need to recover P from wastes and treated waters, in safe forms that are also effective agriculturally - the established process of P removal by chemical precipitation using Fe or Al salts, is effective for P removal but leads to residues with limited bioavailability and contamination concerns. One of the greatest opportunities for P recovery is at wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) where the crystallisation of struvite and Ca-P from enhanced biological P removal (EBPR) sludge is well developed and already shown to be economically and operationally feasible in some WWTPs. However, recovery through this approach can be limited to <25% efficiency unless chemical extraction is applied. Thermochemical treatment of sludge ash produces detoxified residues that are currently utilised by the fertiliser industry; wet chemical extraction can be economically feasible in recovering P and other by-products. The bioavailability of recovered P depends on soil pH as well as the P-rich material in question. Struvite is a superior recovered P product in terms of plant availability, while use of Ca-P and thermochemically treated sewage sludge ash is limited to acidic soils. These technologies, in addition to others less developed, will be commercially pushed forward by revised fertiliser legislation and foreseeable legislative limits for WWTPs to achieve discharges of <1 mg P/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Melia
- Kingston University, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston Upon Thames, KT1 2EE, UK.
| | - Andrew B Cundy
- University of Southampton, School of Ocean and Earth Science, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Saran P Sohi
- UK Biochar Research Centre, The University of Edinburgh, School of GeoSciences, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, UK
| | - Peter S Hooda
- Kingston University, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston Upon Thames, KT1 2EE, UK
| | - Rosa Busquets
- Kingston University, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston Upon Thames, KT1 2EE, UK
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43
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Zeng W, Bai X, Guo Y, Li N, Peng Y. Interaction of “ Candidatus Accumulibacter” and nitrifying bacteria to achieve energy-efficient denitrifying phosphorus removal via nitrite pathway from sewage. Enzyme Microb Technol 2017; 105:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Shen N, Chen Y, Zhou Y. Multi-cycle operation of enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) with different carbon sources under high temperature. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 114:308-315. [PMID: 28259067 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Many studies reported that it is challenging to apply enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) process at high temperature. Glycogen accumulating organisms (GAOs) could easily gain their dominance over poly-phosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) when the operating temperature was in the range of 25 °C-30 °C. However, a few successful EBPR processes operated at high temperature have been reported recently. This study aimed to have an in-depth understanding on the impact of feeding strategy and carbon source types on EBPR performance in tropical climate. P-removal performance of two EBPR systems was monitored through tracking effluent quality and cyclic studies. The results confirmed that EBPR was successfully obtained and maintained at high temperature with a multi-cycle strategy. More stable performance was observed with acetate as the sole carbon source compared to propionate. Stoichiometric ratios of phosphorus and carbon transformation during both anaerobic and aerobic phases were higher at high temperature than low temperature (20±1 °C) except anaerobic PHA/C ratios within most of the sub-cycles. Furthermore, the fractions of PHA and glycogen in biomass were lower compared with one-cycle pulse feed operation. The microbial community structure was more stable in acetate-fed sequencing batch reactor (C2-SBR) than that in propionate-fed reactor (C3-SBR). Accumulibacter Clade IIC was found to be highly abundant in both reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Shen
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yun Chen
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, 637141, Singapore
| | - Yan Zhou
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore.
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45
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Proteins with CHADs (Conserved Histidine α-Helical Domains) Are Attached to Polyphosphate Granules In Vivo and Constitute a Novel Family of Polyphosphate-Associated Proteins (Phosins). Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:AEM.03399-16. [PMID: 28130300 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03399-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
On the basis of bioinformatic evidence, we suspected that proteins with a CYTH (CyaB thiamine triphosphatase) domain and/or a CHAD (conserved histidine α-helical domain) motif might represent polyphosphate (polyP) granule-associated proteins. We found no evidence of polyP targeting by proteins with CYTH domains. In contrast, two CHAD motif-containing proteins from Ralstonia eutropha H16 (A0104 and B1017) that were expressed as fusions with enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (eYFP) colocalized with polyP granules. While the expression of B1017 was not detectable, the A0104 protein was specifically identified in an isolated polyP granule fraction by proteome analysis. Moreover, eYFP fusions with the CHAD motif-containing proteins MGMSRV2-1987 from Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense and PP2307 from Pseudomonas putida also colocalized with polyP granules in a transspecies-specific manner. These data indicated that CHAD-containing proteins are generally attached to polyP granules. Together with the findings from four previously polyP-attached proteins (polyP kinases), the results of this study raised the number of polyP-associated proteins in R. eutropha to six. We suggest designating polyP granule-bound proteins with CHAD motifs as phosins (phosphate), analogous to phasins and oleosins that are specifically bound to the surface of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) granules in PHA-accumulating bacteria and to oil droplets in oil seed plants, respectively.IMPORTANCE The importance of polyphosphate (polyP) for life is evident from the ubiquitous presence of polyP in all species on earth. In unicellular eukaryotic microorganisms, polyP is located in specific membrane-enclosed organelles, called acidocalcisomes. However, in most prokaryotes, polyP is present as insoluble granules that have been designated previously as volutin granules. Almost nothing is known regarding the macromolecular composition of polyP granules. Particularly, the absence or presence of cellular compounds on the surface of polyP granules has not yet been investigated. In this study, we identified a novel class of proteins that are attached to the surface of polyP granules in three model species of Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, and Gammaproteobacteria These proteins are characterized by the presence of a CHAD (conserved histidine α-helical domain) motif that functions as a polyP granule-targeting signal. We suggest designating CHAD motif-containing proteins as phosins [analogous to phasins for poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)-associated proteins and to oleosins for oil droplet-associated proteins in oil seed plants]. The expression of phosins in different species confirmed their polyP-targeting function in a transspecies-specific manner. We postulate that polyP granules in prokaryotic species generally have a complex surface structure that consists of one to several polyP kinases and phosin proteins. We suggest differentiating polyP granules from acidocalcisomes by designating them as polyphosphatosomes.
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Xie T, Mo C, Li X, Zhang J, An H, Yang Q, Wang D, Zhao J, Zhong Y, Zeng G. Effects of different ratios of glucose to acetate on phosphorus removal and microbial community of enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) system. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:4494-4505. [PMID: 27943155 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7860-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of different ratios of glucose to acetate on enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) were investigated with regard to the changes of intercellular polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) and glycogen, as well as microbial community. The experiments were carried out in five sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) fed with glucose and/or acetate as carbon sources at the ratios of 0:100 %, 25:75 %, 50:50 %, 75:25 %, and 100:0 %. The experimental results showed that a highest phosphorus removal efficiency of 96.3 % was obtained with a mixture of glucose and acetate at the ratio of 50:50 %, which should be attributed to more glycogen and polyhydroxyvalerate (PHV) transformation in this reactor during the anaerobic condition. PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis of sludge samples taken from different anaerobic/aerobic (A/O) SBRs revealed that microbial community structures were distinctively different with a low similarity between each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xie
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Chuangrong Mo
- School of Environment, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
| | - Xiaoming Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Hongxue An
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Qi Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Dongbo Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Jianwei Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Yu Zhong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, China
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