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He L, Xie F, Zhou G, Chen ZH, Wang JY, Wang CG. Transcriptome and metabonomics combined analysis revealed the energy supply mechanism involved in fruiting body initiation in Chinese cordyceps. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9500. [PMID: 37308669 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36261-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Chinese cordyceps was one of most valuable traditional Chinese medicine fungi. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms related to energy supply mechanism involved in the initiation and formation of primordium in Chinese cordyceps, we performed the integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses of it at pre-primordium period, primordium germination period and after-primordium period, respectively. Transcriptome analysis showed that many genes related to 'starch and sucrose metabolism', 'fructose and mannose metabolism', 'linoleic acid metabolism', 'fatty acids degradation' and 'glycerophospholipid metabolism' were highly up-regulated at primordium germination period. Metabolomic analysis showed many metabolites regulated by these genes in these metabolism pathways were also markedly accumulated at this period. Consequently, we inferred that carbohydrate metabolism and β-oxidation pathway of palmitic acid and linoleic acid worked cooperatively to generate enough acyl-CoA, and then entered TCA cycle to provide energy for fruiting body initiation. Overall, our finding provided important information for further exploring the energy metabolic mechanisms of realizing the industrialization of Chinese cordyceps artificial cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li He
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fang Xie
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Gang Zhou
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao He Chen
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yi Wang
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Gang Wang
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
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Battling S, Engel T, Herweg E, Niehoff PJ, Pesch M, Scholand T, Schöpping M, Sonntag N, Büchs J. Highly efficient fermentation of 5-keto-D-fructose with Gluconobacter oxydans at different scales. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:255. [PMID: 36496372 PMCID: PMC9741787 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01980-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global market for sweeteners is increasing, and the food industry is constantly looking for new low-caloric sweeteners. The natural sweetener 5-keto-D-fructose is one such candidate. 5-Keto-D-fructose has a similar sweet taste quality as fructose. Developing a highly efficient 5-keto-D-fructose production process is key to being competitive with established sweeteners. Hence, the 5-keto-D-fructose production process was optimised regarding titre, yield, and productivity. RESULTS For production of 5-keto-D-fructose with G. oxydans 621H ΔhsdR pBBR1-p264-fdhSCL-ST an extended-batch fermentation was conducted. During fructose feeding, a decreasing respiratory activity occurred, despite sufficient carbon supply. Oxygen and second substrate limitation could be excluded as reasons for the decreasing respiration. It was demonstrated that a short period of oxygen limitation has no significant influence on 5-keto-D-fructose production, showing the robustness of this process. Increasing the medium concentration increased initial biomass formation. Applying a fructose feeding solution with a concentration of approx. 1200 g/L, a titre of 545 g/L 5-keto-D-fructose was reached. The yield was with 0.98 g5-keto-d-fructose/gfructose close to the theoretical maximum. A 1200 g/L fructose solution has a viscosity of 450 mPa∙s at a temperature of 55 °C. Hence, the solution itself and the whole peripheral feeding system need to be heated, to apply such a highly concentrated feeding solution. Thermal treatment of highly concentrated fructose solutions led to the formation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, which inhibited the 5-keto-D-fructose production. Therefore, fructose solutions were only heated to about 100 °C for approx. 10 min. An alternative feeding strategy was investigated using solid fructose cubes, reaching the highest productivities above 10 g5-keto-d-fructose/L/h during feeding. Moreover, the scale-up of the 5-keto-D-fructose production to a 150 L pressurised fermenter was successfully demonstrated using liquid fructose solutions (745 g/L). CONCLUSION We optimised the 5-keto-D-fructose production process and successfully increased titre, yield and productivity. By using solid fructose, we presented a second feeding strategy, which can be of great interest for further scale-up experiments. A first scale-up of this process was performed, showing the possibility for an industrial production of 5-keto-D-fructose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Battling
- grid.1957.a0000 0001 0728 696XAVT-Chair for Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Tobias Engel
- grid.1957.a0000 0001 0728 696XAVT-Chair for Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Elena Herweg
- grid.1957.a0000 0001 0728 696XAVT-Chair for Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Paul-Joachim Niehoff
- grid.1957.a0000 0001 0728 696XAVT-Chair for Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Pesch
- grid.1957.a0000 0001 0728 696XAVT-Chair for Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Theresa Scholand
- grid.1957.a0000 0001 0728 696XAVT-Chair for Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Marie Schöpping
- grid.1957.a0000 0001 0728 696XAVT-Chair for Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Nina Sonntag
- grid.1957.a0000 0001 0728 696XAVT-Chair for Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jochen Büchs
- grid.1957.a0000 0001 0728 696XAVT-Chair for Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Comparative Genomics of Acetic Acid Bacteria within the Genus Bombella in Light of Beehive Habitat Adaptation. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10051058. [PMID: 35630502 PMCID: PMC9147383 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10051058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
It is known that the bacterial microbiota in beehives is essential for keeping bees healthy. Acetic acid bacteria of the genus Bombella colonize several niches in beehives and are associated with larvae protection against microbial pathogens. We have analyzed the genomes of 22 Bombella strains of different species isolated in eight different countries for taxonomic affiliation, central metabolism, prophages, bacteriocins and tetracycline resistance to further elucidate the symbiotic lifestyle and to identify typical traits of acetic acid bacteria. The genomes can be assigned to four different species. Three genomes show ANIb values and DDH values below species demarcation values to any validly described species, which identifies them as two potentially new species. All Bombella spp. lack genes in the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway and the tricarboxylic acid cycle, indicating a focus of intracellular carbohydrate metabolism on the pentose phosphate pathway or the Entner–Doudoroff pathway for which all genes were identified within the genomes. Five membrane-bound dehydrogenases were identified that catalyze oxidative fermentation reactions in the periplasm, yielding oxidative energy. Several complete prophages, but no bacteriocins, were identified. Resistance to tetracycline, used to prevent bacterial infections in beehives, was only found in Bombella apis MRM1T. Bombella strains exhibit increased osmotolerance in high glucose concentrations compared to Gluconobacter oxydans, indicating adaption to high sugar environments such as beehives.
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Hua X, Liu X, Han J, Xu Y. Reinforcing sorbitol bio-oxidative conversion with Gluconobacter oxydans whole-cell catalysis by acetate-assistance. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.108328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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The 5-Ketofructose Reductase of Gluconobacter sp. Strain CHM43 Is a Novel Class in the Shikimate Dehydrogenase Family. J Bacteriol 2021; 203:e0055820. [PMID: 34309403 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00558-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gluconobacter sp. strain CHM43 oxidizes mannitol to fructose and then oxidizes fructose to 5-keto-d-fructose (5KF) in the periplasmic space. Since NADPH-dependent 5KF reductase was found in the soluble fraction of Gluconobacter spp., 5KF might be transported into the cytoplasm and metabolized. Here, we identified the GLF_2050 gene as the kfr gene encoding 5KF reductase (KFR). A mutant strain devoid of the kfr gene showed lower KFR activity and no 5KF consumption. The crystal structure revealed that KFR is similar to NADP+-dependent shikimate dehydrogenase (SDH), which catalyzes the reversible NADP+-dependent oxidation of shikimate to 3-dehydroshikimate. We found that several amino acid residues in the putative substrate-binding site of KFR were different from those of SDH. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that only a subclass in the SDH family containing KFR conserved such a unique substrate-binding site. We constructed KFR derivatives with amino acid substitutions, including replacement of Asn21 in the substrate-binding site with Ser that is found in SDH. The KFR-N21S derivative showed a strong increase in the Km value for 5KF but a higher shikimate oxidation activity than wild-type KFR, suggesting that Asn21 is important for 5KF binding. In addition, the conserved catalytic dyad Lys72 and Asp108 were individually substituted for Asn. The K72N and D108N derivatives showed only negligible activities without a dramatic change in the Km value for 5KF, suggesting a catalytic mechanism similar to that of SDH. With these data taken together, we suggest that KFR is a new member of the SDH family. IMPORTANCE A limited number of species of acetic acid bacteria, such as Gluconobacter sp. strain CHM43, produce 5-ketofructose, a potential low-calorie sweetener, at a high yield. Here, we show that an NADPH-dependent 5-ketofructose reductase (KFR) is involved in 5-ketofructose degradation, and we characterize this enzyme with respect to its structure, phylogeny, and function. The crystal structure of KFR was similar to that of shikimate dehydrogenase, which is functionally crucial in the shikimate pathway in bacteria and plants. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that KFR is positioned in a small subgroup of the shikimate dehydrogenase family. Catalytically important amino acid residues were also conserved, and their relevance was experimentally validated. Thus, we propose KFR as a new member of shikimate dehydrogenase family.
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Fricke PM, Klemm A, Bott M, Polen T. On the way toward regulatable expression systems in acetic acid bacteria: target gene expression and use cases. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:3423-3456. [PMID: 33856535 PMCID: PMC8102297 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11269-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Acetic acid bacteria (AAB) are valuable biocatalysts for which there is growing interest in understanding their basics including physiology and biochemistry. This is accompanied by growing demands for metabolic engineering of AAB to take advantage of their properties and to improve their biomanufacturing efficiencies. Controlled expression of target genes is key to fundamental and applied microbiological research. In order to get an overview of expression systems and their applications in AAB, we carried out a comprehensive literature search using the Web of Science Core Collection database. The Acetobacteraceae family currently comprises 49 genera. We found overall 6097 publications related to one or more AAB genera since 1973, when the first successful recombinant DNA experiments in Escherichia coli have been published. The use of plasmids in AAB began in 1985 and till today was reported for only nine out of the 49 AAB genera currently described. We found at least five major expression plasmid lineages and a multitude of further expression plasmids, almost all enabling only constitutive target gene expression. Only recently, two regulatable expression systems became available for AAB, an N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL)-inducible system for Komagataeibacter rhaeticus and an L-arabinose-inducible system for Gluconobacter oxydans. Thus, after 35 years of constitutive target gene expression in AAB, we now have the first regulatable expression systems for AAB in hand and further regulatable expression systems for AAB can be expected. KEY POINTS: • Literature search revealed developments and usage of expression systems in AAB. • Only recently 2 regulatable plasmid systems became available for only 2 AAB genera. • Further regulatable expression systems for AAB are in sight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Moritz Fricke
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Angelika Klemm
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Michael Bott
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Tino Polen
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
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Degradation of the low-calorie sugar substitute 5-ketofructose by different bacteria. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:2441-2453. [PMID: 33616697 PMCID: PMC7954740 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11168-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract There is an increasing public awareness about the danger of dietary sugars with respect to their caloric contribution to the diet and the rise of overweight throughout the world. Therefore, low-calorie sugar substitutes are of high interest to replace sugar in foods and beverages. A promising alternative to natural sugars and artificial sweeteners is the fructose derivative 5-keto-D-fructose (5-KF), which is produced by several Gluconobacter species. A prerequisite before 5-KF can be used as a sweetener is to test whether the compound is degradable by microorganisms and whether it is metabolized by the human microbiota. We identified different environmental bacteria (Tatumella morbirosei, Gluconobacter japonicus LMG 26773, Gluconobacter japonicus LMG 1281, and Clostridium pasteurianum) that were able to grow with 5-KF as a substrate. Furthermore, Gluconobacter oxydans 621H could use 5-KF as a carbon and energy source in the stationary growth phase. The enzymes involved in the utilization of 5-KF were heterologously overproduced in Escherichia coli, purified and characterized. The enzymes were referred to as 5-KF reductases and belong to three unrelated enzymatic classes with highly different amino acid sequences, activities, and structural properties. Furthermore, we could show that 15 members of the most common and abundant intestinal bacteria cannot degrade 5-KF, indicating that this sugar derivative is not a suitable growth substrate for prokaryotes in the human intestine. Key points • Some environmental bacteria are able to use 5-KF as an energy and carbon source. • Four 5-KF reductases were identified, belonging to three different protein families. • Many gut bacteria cannot degrade 5-KF. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00253-021-11168-3.
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Xu W, Lu F, Wu H, Zhang W, Guang C. Identification of a highly thermostable mannitol 2-dehydrogenase from Caldicellulosiruptor morganii Rt8.B8 and its application for the preparation of D-mannitol. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gonçalves C, Ferreira C, Gonçalves LG, Turner DL, Leandro MJ, Salema-Oom M, Santos H, Gonçalves P. A New Pathway for Mannitol Metabolism in Yeasts Suggests a Link to the Evolution of Alcoholic Fermentation. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2510. [PMID: 31736930 PMCID: PMC6838020 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The yeasts belonging to the Wickerhamiella and Starmerella genera (W/S clade) share a distinctive evolutionary history marked by loss and subsequent reinstatement of alcoholic fermentation mediated by horizontal gene transfer events. Species in this clade also share unusual features of metabolism, namely the preference for fructose over glucose as carbon source, a rare trait known as fructophily. Here we show that fructose may be the preferred sugar in W/S-clade species because, unlike glucose, it can be converted directly to mannitol in a reaction with impact on redox balance. According to our results, mannitol is excreted to the growth medium in appreciable amounts along with other fermentation products such as glycerol and ethanol but unlike the latter metabolites mannitol production increases with temperature. We used comparative genomics to find genes involved in mannitol metabolism and established the mannitol biosynthesis pathway in W/S-clade species Starmerella bombicola using molecular genetics tools. Surprisingly, mannitol production seems to be so important that St. bombicola (and other W/S-clade species) deploys a novel pathway to mediate the conversion of glucose to fructose, thereby allowing cells to produce mannitol even when glucose is the sole carbon source. Using targeted mutations and 13C-labeled glucose followed by NMR analysis of end-products, we showed that the novel mannitol biosynthesis pathway involves fructose-6-phosphate as an intermediate, implying a key role for a yet unknown fructose-6-P phosphatase. We hypothesize that mannitol production contributed to mitigate the negative effects on redox balance of the ancient loss of alcoholic fermentation in the W/S clade. Presently, mannitol also seems to play a role in stress protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Gonçalves
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Carolina Ferreira
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Luís G Gonçalves
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - David L Turner
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Maria José Leandro
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Madalena Salema-Oom
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal.,Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Helena Santos
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Paula Gonçalves
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
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Liu L, Zeng W, Du G, Chen J, Zhou J. Identification of NAD-Dependent Xylitol Dehydrogenase from Gluconobacter oxydans WSH-003. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:15074-15080. [PMID: 31552350 PMCID: PMC6751703 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Gluconobacter oxydans plays an important role in the conversion of d-sorbitol to l-sorbose, which is an essential intermediate for the industrial-scale production of vitamin C. In the fermentation process, some d-sorbitol could be converted to d-fructose and other byproducts by uncertain dehydrogenases. Genome sequencing has revealed the presence of diverse genes encoding dehydrogenases in G. oxydans. However, the characteristics of most of these dehydrogenases remain unclear. Therefore, the analyses of these unknown dehydrogenases could be useful for identifying those related to the production of d-fructose and other byproducts. Accordingly, dehydrogenases in G. oxydans WSH-003, an industrial strain used for vitamin C production, were examined. A nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent dehydrogenase, which was annotated as xylitol dehydrogenase 2, was identified, codon-optimized, and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells. The enzyme exhibited a high preference for NAD+ as the cofactor, while no activity with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, flavin adenine dinucleotide, or pyrroloquinoline quinone was noted. Although this enzyme presented high similarity with NAD-dependent xylitol dehydrogenase, it showed high activity to catalyze d-sorbitol to d-fructose. Unlike the optimum temperature and pH for most of the known NAD-dependent xylitol dehydrogenases (30-40 °C and about 6-8, respectively), those for the identified enzyme were 57 °C and 12, respectively. The values of K m and V max of the identified dehydrogenase toward l-sorbitol were 4.92 μM and 196.08 μM/min, respectively. Thus, xylitol dehydrogenase 2 can be useful for the cofactor-reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide regeneration under alkaline conditions, or its knockout can improve the conversion ratio of d-sorbitol to l-sorbose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- School
of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry
of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate
Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, and Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for
Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weizhu Zeng
- School
of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry
of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate
Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, and Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for
Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guocheng Du
- School
of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry
of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate
Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, and Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for
Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Chen
- School
of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry
of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate
Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, and Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for
Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- School
of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry
of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate
Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, and Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for
Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
- E-mail: . Tel/Fax: +86-510-85914317
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Lacerda-Júnior GV, Noronha MF, Cabral L, Delforno TP, de Sousa STP, Fernandes-Júnior PI, Melo IS, Oliveira VM. Land Use and Seasonal Effects on the Soil Microbiome of a Brazilian Dry Forest. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:648. [PMID: 31024471 PMCID: PMC6461016 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Drylands occupy approximately 41% of the Earth's terrestrial surface. Climate change and land use practices are expected to affect biogeochemical cycling by the soil microbiome in these ecosystems. Understanding how soil microbial community might respond to these drivers is extremely important to mitigate the processes of land degradation and desertification. The Caatinga, an exclusively Brazilian biome composed of an extensive seasonal tropical dry forest, is exposed to variable spatiotemporal rainfall patterns as well as strong human-driven pressures. Herein, an integrated analysis of shotgun metagenomics approach coupled to meteorological data was employed to unravel the impact of seasonality and land use change on soil microbiome from preserved and agriculture-affected experimental fields in Caatinga drylands. Multivariate analysis suggested that microbial communities of preserved soils under seasonal changes were shaped primarily by water deficit, with a strong increase of Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria members in the dry and rainy seasons, respectively. In contrast, nutrient availability notably played a critical role in driving the microbial community in agriculture-affected soils. The strong enrichment of bacterial genera belonging to the poorly-known phylum Acidobacteria ('Candidatus Solibacter' and 'Candidatus Koribacter') in soils from dry season affected by ferti-irrigation practices presupposes a contrasting copiotrophic lifestyle and ecological role in mitigating the impact of chemical fertilization. Functional analyses identify overrepresented genes related to osmotic stress response (synthesis of osmoprotectant compounds, accumulation of potassium ions) and preferential carbon and nitrogen utilization when comparing the microbiome of preserved soils under seasonal changes, reflecting differences in the genetic potential for nutrient cycling and C acquisition in the environment. However, the prevalence of nitrosative stress and denitrification functions in irrigation/fertilization-affected soils of the dry season clearly suggest that nutrient input and disruption of natural water regime may impact biogeochemical cycles linked to the microbial processes, with potential impacts on the ecosystem functionality. These findings help to better understand how natural seasonality and agricultural management differentially affect soil microbial ecology from dry forests, providing support for the development of more sustainable land management in dryland ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gileno V. Lacerda-Júnior
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Meio Ambiente, Jaguariúna, Brazil
- Division of Microbial Resources (DRM), Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary Research Center (CPQBA), Campinas State University (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Melline F. Noronha
- Division of Microbial Resources (DRM), Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary Research Center (CPQBA), Campinas State University (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Lucélia Cabral
- Division of Microbial Resources (DRM), Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary Research Center (CPQBA), Campinas State University (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Brazilian Bioethanol Science and Technology Laboratory (CTBE), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Tiago P. Delforno
- Division of Microbial Resources (DRM), Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary Research Center (CPQBA), Campinas State University (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Sanderson Tarciso Pereira de Sousa
- Division of Microbial Resources (DRM), Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary Research Center (CPQBA), Campinas State University (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Itamar S. Melo
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Meio Ambiente, Jaguariúna, Brazil
| | - Valéria M. Oliveira
- Division of Microbial Resources (DRM), Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary Research Center (CPQBA), Campinas State University (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
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Zarour K, Prieto A, Pérez-Ramos A, Kihal M, López P. Analysis of technological and probiotic properties of Algerian L. mesenteroides strains isolated from dairy and non-dairy products. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Characterization of a novel regulatory pathway for mannitol metabolism and its coordination with biofilm formation in Mycobacterium smegmatis. J Genet Genomics 2018; 45:477-488. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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14
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Herweg E, Schöpping M, Rohr K, Siemen A, Frank O, Hofmann T, Deppenmeier U, Büchs J. Production of the potential sweetener 5-ketofructose from fructose in fed-batch cultivation with Gluconobacter oxydans. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 259:164-172. [PMID: 29550669 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sweeteners improve the dietary properties of many foods. A candidate for a new natural sweetener is 5-ketofructose. In this study a fed-batch process for the production of 5-ketofructose was developed. A Gluconobacter oxydans strain overexpressing a fructose dehydrogenase from G. japonicus was used and the sensory properties of 5-ketofructose were analyzed. The compound showed an identical sweet taste quality as fructose and a similar intrinsic sweet threshold concentration of 16.4 mmol/L. The production of 5-ketofructose was characterized online by monitoring of the respiration activity in shake flasks. Pulsed and continuous fructose feeding was realized in 2 L stirred tank reactors and maximum fructose consumption rates were determined. 5-Ketofructose concentrations of up to 489 g/L, product yields up to 0.98 g5-KF/gfructose and space time yields up to 8.2 g/L/h were reached highlighting the potential of the presented process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Herweg
- AVT - Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstr. 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Germany
| | - Marie Schöpping
- AVT - Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstr. 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Germany
| | - Katja Rohr
- AVT - Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstr. 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Germany
| | - Anna Siemen
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Germany; Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 168, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Oliver Frank
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular and Sensory Science, Technische Universität München, Lise-Meitner-Strasse 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas Hofmann
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular and Sensory Science, Technische Universität München, Lise-Meitner-Strasse 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Uwe Deppenmeier
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Germany; Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 168, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jochen Büchs
- AVT - Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstr. 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Germany.
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Zeidler S, Hubloher J, König P, Ngu ND, Scholz A, Averhoff B, Müller V. Salt induction and activation of MtlD, the key enzyme in the synthesis of the compatible solute mannitol in Acinetobacter baumannii. Microbiologyopen 2018; 7:e00614. [PMID: 29575790 PMCID: PMC6291793 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mannitol is the major compatible solute, next to glutamate, synthesized by the opportunistic human pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii under low water activities. The key enzyme for mannitol biosynthesis, MtlD, was identified. MtlD is highly similar to the bifunctional mannitol‐1‐phosphate dehydrogenase/phosphatase from Acinetobacter baylyi. After deletion of the mtlD gene from A. baumannii ATCC 19606T cells no longer accumulated mannitol and growth was completely impaired at high salt. Addition of glycine betaine restored growth, demonstrating that mannitol is an important compatible solute in the human pathogen. MtlD was heterologously produced and purified. Enzyme activity was strictly salt dependent. Highest stimulation was reached at 600 mmol/L NaCl. Addition of different sodium as well as potassium salts restored activity, with highest stimulations up to 41 U/mg protein by sodium glutamate. In contrast, an increase in osmolarity by addition of sugars did not restore activity. Regulation of mannitol synthesis was also assayed at the transcriptional level. Reporter gene assays revealed that expression of mtlD is strongly dependent on high osmolarity, not discriminating between different salts or sugars. The presence of glycine betaine or its precursor choline repressed promoter activation. These data indicate a dual regulation of mannitol production in A. baumannii, at the transcriptional and the enzymatic level, depending on high osmolarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Zeidler
- Molecular Microbiology & Bioenergetics, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Josephine Hubloher
- Molecular Microbiology & Bioenergetics, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Patricia König
- Molecular Microbiology & Bioenergetics, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ngoc Dinh Ngu
- Molecular Microbiology & Bioenergetics, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Anica Scholz
- Molecular Microbiology & Bioenergetics, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Beate Averhoff
- Molecular Microbiology & Bioenergetics, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Volker Müller
- Molecular Microbiology & Bioenergetics, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany
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Global Analysis of Mannitol 2-Dehydrogenase in Lactobacillus reuteri CRL 1101 during Mannitol Production through Enzymatic, Genetic and Proteomic Approaches. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169441. [PMID: 28060932 PMCID: PMC5218481 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Several plants, fungi, algae, and certain bacteria produce mannitol, a polyol derived from fructose. Mannitol has multiple industrial applications in the food, pharmaceutical, and medical industries, being mainly used as a non-metabolizable sweetener in foods. Many heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria synthesize mannitol when an alternative electron acceptor such as fructose is present in the medium. In previous work, we reported the ability of Lactobacillus reuteri CRL 1101 to efficiently produce mannitol from sugarcane molasses as carbon source at constant pH of 5.0; the activity of the enzyme mannitol 2-dehydrogenase (MDH) responsible for the fructose conversion into mannitol being highest during the log cell growth phase. Here, a detailed assessment of the MDH activity and relative expression of the mdh gene during the growth of L. reuteri CRL 1101 in the presence of fructose is presented. It was observed that MDH was markedly induced by the presence of fructose. A direct correlation between the maximum MDH enzyme activity and a high level of mdh transcript expression during the log-phase of cells grown in a fructose-containing chemically defined medium was detected. Furthermore, two proteomic approaches (2DE and shotgun proteomics) applied in this study confirmed the inducible expression of MDH in L. reuteri. A global study of the effect of fructose on activity, mdh gene, and protein expressions of MDH in L. reuteri is thus for the first time presented. This work represents a deep insight into the polyol formation by a Lactobacillus strain with biotechnological potential in the nutraceutics and pharmaceutical areas.
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