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Quarles JD, Livingston AT, Wood AE, Fernandez TG. Preparation of Nucleic Acid Aptamer Functionalized Silver/Gold Nanoparticle Conjugates Using Thiol-Substituted Oligonucleotides. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2709:131-147. [PMID: 37572277 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3417-2_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Silver and gold nanoparticle-aptamer conjugates have been extensively utilized as biosensors and microscopic vehicles that deliver a therapeutic cargo to cells. Here, we describe facile procedures to attach nucleic acid aptamers with a free thiol group to silver or gold nanoparticles. Methods to purify the nanoparticle-aptamer conjugates, verify aptamer attachment, and quantify aptamer-nanoparticle ratios are also discussed and compared. Additionally, a simple protocol that describes the aqueous synthesis of gold nanoparticles (~10 nm) is included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Quarles
- Department of Chemistry, Physics, Geology and the Environment, Sims Building, Winthrop University, Rock Hill, SC, USA
| | - Allen T Livingston
- Department of Chemistry, Physics, Geology and the Environment, Sims Building, Winthrop University, Rock Hill, SC, USA
| | - Ashley E Wood
- Department of Chemistry, Physics, Geology and the Environment, Sims Building, Winthrop University, Rock Hill, SC, USA
| | - Timea Gerczei Fernandez
- Department of Chemistry, Physics, Geology and the Environment, Sims Building, Winthrop University, Rock Hill, SC, USA.
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2
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Batool S, Hasan M, Dilshad M, Zafar A, Tariq T, Wu Z, Chen R, Gul Hassan S, Munawar T, Iqbal F, Saqib Saif M, Waqas M, Shu X. Green synthesis of Cordia myxa incubated ZnO, Fe2O3, and Co3O4 nanoparticle: Characterization, and their response as biological and photocatalytic agent. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2022.103780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Vázquez-González M, Willner I. Aptamer-Functionalized Hybrid Nanostructures for Sensing, Drug Delivery, Catalysis and Mechanical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1803. [PMID: 33670386 PMCID: PMC7918352 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sequence-specific nucleic acids exhibiting selective recognition properties towards low-molecular-weight substrates and macromolecules (aptamers) find growing interest as functional biopolymers for analysis, medical applications such as imaging, drug delivery and even therapeutic agents, nanotechnology, material science and more. The present perspective article introduces a glossary of examples for diverse applications of aptamers mainly originated from our laboratory. These include the introduction of aptamer-functionalized nanomaterials such as graphene oxide, Ag nanoclusters and semiconductor quantum dots as functional hybrid nanomaterials for optical sensing of target analytes. The use of aptamer-functionalized DNA tetrahedra nanostructures for multiplex analysis and aptamer-loaded metal-organic framework nanoparticles acting as sense-and-treat are introduced. Aptamer-functionalized nano and microcarriers are presented as stimuli-responsive hybrid drug carriers for controlled and targeted drug release, including aptamer-functionalized SiO2 nanoparticles, carbon dots, metal-organic frameworks and microcapsules. A further application of aptamers involves the conjugation of aptamers to catalytic units as a means to mimic enzyme functions "nucleoapzymes". In addition, the formation and dissociation of aptamer-ligand complexes are applied to develop mechanical molecular devices and to switch nanostructures such as origami scaffolds. Finally, the article discusses future challenges in applying aptamers in material science, nanotechnology and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Vázquez-González
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Itamar Willner
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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4
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Gao T, Ding P, Li W, Wang Z, Lin Q, Pei R. Isolation of DNA aptamers targeting N-cadherin and high-efficiency capture of circulating tumor cells by using dual aptamers. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:22574-22585. [PMID: 33174555 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr06180h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) acquire mesenchymal markers (e.g., N-cadherin) and lose epithelial markers (e.g., epithelial cell adhesion molecule, EpCAM) during the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and are therefore ideal biomarkers of tumor metastasis. However, it is still a challenge to efficiently capture and detect circulating tumor cells with different phenotypes simultaneously. In this work, to obtain aptamers targeting N-cadherin in the native conformation on live cells, we established stable N-cadherin overexpressing cells (N-cadherin cells) and used these cells to identify a panel of N-cadherin-specific aptamers through the cell-SELEX approach. Two aptamer candidates obtained after 12 rounds of selection showed a low equilibrium dissociation constant in the nanomolar range, indicating high binding affinity. The truncated aptamer candidate NC3S showed the highest binding affinity to N-cadherin cells with a low Kd value of 20.08 nM. The SYL3C aptamer was reported to target cancer cell surface biomarker EpCAM. Then, we synthesized two kinds of aptamer-modified magnetic nanoparticles (SYL3C-MNPs and NC3S-MNPs). Both SYL3C and NC3S aptamers possess excellent capture specificity and efficiency for the target cells. The aptamer-MNP cocktail exhibits a considerable capture efficiency and sensitivity for rare cancer cells of epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypes. Furthermore, no CTCs were found in blood samples from healthy donors, while CTCs were successfully isolated by using the aptamer-MNP cocktail for 15 out of 16 samples collected from patients. In summary, the two kinds of aptamer-modified MNPs could be utilized as a promising tool for capturing CTCs from clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Gao
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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Afrasiabi S, Pourhajibagher M, Raoofian R, Tabarzad M, Bahador A. Therapeutic applications of nucleic acid aptamers in microbial infections. J Biomed Sci 2020; 27:6. [PMID: 31900238 PMCID: PMC6941257 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-019-0611-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Today, the treatment of bacterial infections is a major challenge, due to growing rate of multidrug-resistant bacteria, complication of treatment and increased healthcare costs. Moreover, new treatments for bacterial infections are limited. Oligonucleotide aptamers are single stranded DNAs or RNAs with target-selective high-affinity feature, which considered as nucleic acid-based affinity ligands, replacing monoclonal antibodies. The aptamer-based systems have been found to be talented tools in the treatment of microbial infections, regarding their promising anti-biofilm and antimicrobial activities; they can reduce or inhibit the effects of bacterial toxins, and inhibit pathogen invasion to immune cell, as well as they can be used in drug delivery systems. The focus of this review is on the therapeutic applications of aptamers in infections. In this regard, an introduction of infections and related challenges were presented, first. Then, aptamer definition and selection, with a brief history of aptamers development against various pathogens and toxins were reviewed. Diverse strategies of aptamer application in drug delivery, as well as, the effect of aptamers on the immune system, as the main natural agents of human defense against pathogens, were also discussed. Finally, the future trends in clinical applications of this technology were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Afrasiabi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Pourhajibagher
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Raoofian
- Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Tabarzad
- Protein Technology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abbas Bahador
- Oral Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Kang P, Li X, Liu Y, Shiers SI, Xiong H, Giannotta M, Dejana E, Price TJ, Randrianalisoa J, Nielsen SO, Qin Z. Transient Photoinactivation of Cell Membrane Protein Activity without Genetic Modification by Molecular Hyperthermia. ACS NANO 2019; 13:12487-12499. [PMID: 31613606 PMCID: PMC7096286 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b01993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Precise manipulation of protein activity in living systems has broad applications in biomedical sciences. However, it is challenging to use light to manipulate protein activity in living systems without genetic modification. Here, we report a technique to optically switch off protein activity in living cells with high spatiotemporal resolution, referred to as molecular hyperthermia (MH). MH is based on the nanoscale-confined heating of plasmonic gold nanoparticles by short laser pulses to unfold and photoinactivate targeted proteins of interest. First, we show that protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2), a G-protein-coupled receptor and an important pathway that leads to pain sensitization, can be photoinactivated in situ by MH without compromising cell proliferation. PAR2 activity can be switched off in laser-targeted cells without affecting surrounding cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate the molecular specificity of MH by inactivating PAR2 while leaving other receptors intact. Second, we demonstrate that the photoinactivation of a tight junction protein in brain endothelial monolayers leads to a reversible blood-brain barrier opening in vitro. Lastly, the protein inactivation by MH is below the nanobubble generation threshold and thus is predominantly due to the nanoscale heating. MH is distinct from traditional hyperthermia (that induces global tissue heating) in both its time and length scales: nanoseconds versus seconds, nanometers versus millimeters. Our results demonstrate that MH enables selective and remote manipulation of protein activity and cellular behavior without genetic modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyuan Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd., Richardson, Texas 75080, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd., Richardson, Texas 75080, USA
| | - Yaning Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd., Richardson, Texas 75080, USA
| | - Stephanie I. Shiers
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd., Richardson, Texas 75080, USA
| | - Hejian Xiong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd., Richardson, Texas 75080, USA
| | - Monica Giannotta
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM), 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Dejana
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM), 20139 Milan, Italy
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, University of Uppsala, 751 05 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Theodore John Price
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd., Richardson, Texas 75080, USA
| | - Jaona Randrianalisoa
- Institut de Thermique, Mécanique, Matériaux (ITheMM EA 7548), University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims Cedex 2, 51687 France
| | - Steven O. Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd., Richardson, Texas 75080, USA
| | - Zhenpeng Qin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd., Richardson, Texas 75080, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd., Richardson, Texas 75080, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas at Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
- Corresponding Author: . Phone: (972)883-4440
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Zhang Y, Yang L, Yan L, Wang G, Liu A. Recent advances in the synthesis of spherical and nanoMOF-derived multifunctional porous carbon for nanomedicine applications. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Wan LY, Yuan WF, Ai WB, Ai YW, Wang JJ, Chu LY, Zhang YQ, Wu JF. An exploration of aptamer internalization mechanisms and their applications in drug delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2019; 16:207-218. [PMID: 30691313 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2019.1575808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As 'chemical antibodies', aptamers have some advantages, such as lack of immunogenicity, rapid tissue penetration, cell internalization and so on. Consequently, more and more aptamers have been screened out by the systematic evolution of ligands through exponential enrichment for the desired cells or membrane receptors. On the basis of the result, researchers use aptamers to guide drug targeting to the desired cells and internalization in vivo. AREAS COVERED In this review, we explore the mechanisms of cargo- or aptamer-mediated internalization, and then briefly summarize five strategies for exploring the mechanism of aptamer internalization. Finally, we focus on four types of applications involving aptamer internalization: aptamers as drugs, aptamers as chemical drug-delivery systems, aptamer-based chimeras and aptamer-conjugated nanoparticles or block copolymer micelles. EXPERT OPINION Two aptamer-internalization mechanisms are known, namely receptor-mediated endocytosis and macropinocytosis. The latter mechanism, which is has only been verified in the internalization of nucleolin aptamer shuttles between the nucleus and cytoplasm, may be important for nuclear internalization and cargo molecule escape from the endosomal compartment. Thus, it is feasible to use some strategies to further explore the macropinocytosis internalization mechanism and then to screen for aptamers similar to the nucleolin aptamer for use with the desired cell types as a targeted delivery tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Yan Wan
- a The People's Hospital , China Three Gorges University , Yichang , China
- b Institute of Organ Fibrosis and Targeted Drug Delivery , China Three Gorges University , Yichang , China
| | - Wen-Fang Yuan
- b Institute of Organ Fibrosis and Targeted Drug Delivery , China Three Gorges University , Yichang , China
- c Medical College , China Three Gorges University , Yichang , China
| | - Wen-Bing Ai
- d The Yiling Hospital of Yichang , Yichang , Hubei , China
| | - Yao-Wei Ai
- a The People's Hospital , China Three Gorges University , Yichang , China
- b Institute of Organ Fibrosis and Targeted Drug Delivery , China Three Gorges University , Yichang , China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Wang
- c Medical College , China Three Gorges University , Yichang , China
| | - Liang-Yin Chu
- e School of Chemical Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Yan-Qiong Zhang
- b Institute of Organ Fibrosis and Targeted Drug Delivery , China Three Gorges University , Yichang , China
- c Medical College , China Three Gorges University , Yichang , China
| | - Jiang-Feng Wu
- a The People's Hospital , China Three Gorges University , Yichang , China
- b Institute of Organ Fibrosis and Targeted Drug Delivery , China Three Gorges University , Yichang , China
- c Medical College , China Three Gorges University , Yichang , China
- d The Yiling Hospital of Yichang , Yichang , Hubei , China
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Lavania S, Das R, Dhiman A, Myneedu VP, Verma A, Singh N, Sharma TK, Tyagi JS. Aptamer-Based TB Antigen Tests for the Rapid Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Potential Utility in Screening for Tuberculosis. ACS Infect Dis 2018; 4:1718-1726. [PMID: 30350564 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.8b00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary tuberculosis is the most common manifestation of tuberculosis, and to this day, sputum smear microscopy remains the most widely used diagnostic test in resource-limited settings despite its suboptimal sensitivity. Here we report the development of two DNA aptamer-based diagnostic tests, namely aptamer linked immobilized sorbent assay (Aptamer ALISA) and electrochemical sensor (ECS), for the direct detection of a TB biomarker HspX in sputum. First we compared the performance of Aptamer ALISA with anti-HspX polyclonal antibody-based enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (Antibody ELISA) in a blinded study of 314 sputum specimens. Aptamer ALISA displayed a high sensitivity of 94.1% (95% CI 86.8-98%) as compared to 68.2% sensitivity (95% CI 57.2-77.9%) of Antibody ELISA ( p-value < 0.05) using culture as the reference standard without compromising test specificity of 100%. Out of nine smear-negative culture-positive samples, six were positive by Aptamer ALISA and only two were detected by Antibody ELISA. ALISA detected as positive 80 of 85 culture-positive TB as compared to 57 of 81 diagnosed as TB by X-ray ( p-value < 0.0001). These findings demonstrate the superiority of the aptamer-based test over smear microscopy, antibody-based ELISA, and chest X-ray for TB detection ( p-value < 0.0001 for all). Further, we have developed a ∼30 min point-of-care ECS test that discriminates between tuberculous and nontuberculous sputum with a sensitivity of ∼92.3% and specificity of 91.2%. The tests developed in the current study cost ∼$1-3/test and have potential utility in active case finding in high-risk groups and screening for pulmonary TB among presumptive TB subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surabhi Lavania
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Yamuna Express-way, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201308, India
| | - Ritu Das
- AptaBharat Innovation Private Limited, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute Incubator, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Abhijeet Dhiman
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Uttarakhand Technical University (UTU), Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India
| | - Vithal Prasad Myneedu
- Department of Microbiology, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases, Mehrauli, New Delhi 110030, India
| | - Ajoy Verma
- Department of Microbiology, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases, Mehrauli, New Delhi 110030, India
| | - Nagendra Singh
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Yamuna Express-way, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201308, India
| | - Tarun Kumar Sharma
- AptaBharat Innovation Private Limited, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute Incubator, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
- Center for Bio-design and Diagnostics, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Third Milestone, Faridabad-Gurugram Express-way, PO box # 04, Faridabad 121001, India
| | - Jaya Sivaswami Tyagi
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
- Center for Bio-design and Diagnostics, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Third Milestone, Faridabad-Gurugram Express-way, PO box # 04, Faridabad 121001, India
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Zhao N, Zeng Z, Zu Y. Self-Assembled Aptamer-Nanomedicine for Targeted Chemotherapy and Gene Therapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:10.1002/smll.201702103. [PMID: 29205808 PMCID: PMC5857619 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201702103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is the mainstream treatment of anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). However, chemotherapy can cause severe adverse effects in patients because it is not ALCL-specific. In this study, a multifunctional aptamer-nanomedicine (Apt-NMed) achieving targeted chemotherapy and gene therapy of ALCL is developed. Apt-NMed is formulated by self-assembly of synthetic oligonucleotides containing CD30-specific aptamer and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-specific siRNA followed by self-loading of the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin (DOX). Apt-NMed exhibits a well-defined nanostructure (diameter 59 mm) and stability in human serum. Under aptamer guidance, Apt-NMed specifically binds and internalizes targeted ALCL cells. Intracellular delivery of Apt-NMed triggers rapid DOX release for targeted ALCL chemotherapy and intracellular delivery of the ALK-specific siRNA induced ALK oncogene silencing, resulting in combined therapeutic effects. Animal model studies reveal that upon systemic administration, Apt-NMed specifically targets and selectively accumulates in ALCL tumor site, but does not react with off-target tumors in the same xenograft mouse. Importantly, Apt-NMed not only induces significantly higher inhibition in ALCL tumor growth, but also causes fewer or no side effects in treated mice compared to free DOX. Moreover, Apt-NMed treatment markedly improves the survival rate of treated mice, opening a new avenue for precision treatment of ALCL.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aptamers, Nucleotide/chemistry
- Doxorubicin/chemistry
- Doxorubicin/therapeutic use
- Genetic Therapy/methods
- Humans
- Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic/mortality
- Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic/therapy
- Mice
- Mice, SCID
- Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Nanomedicine/methods
- Nanostructures/chemistry
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/physiology
- Survival Rate
- U937 Cells
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Youli Zu
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Cancer Pathology Laboratory, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6565 Fannin St., Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Development of Cell-Specific Aptamers: Recent Advances and Insight into the Selection Procedures. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22122070. [PMID: 29186905 PMCID: PMC6149766 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) is an established procedure for developing short single-stranded nucleic acid ligands called aptamers against a target of choice. This approach has also been used for developing aptamers specific to whole cells named Cell-SELEX. Aptamers selected by Cell-SELEX have the potential to act as cell specific therapeutics, cell specific markers or cell specific drug delivery and imaging agents. However, aptamer development is a laborious and time-consuming process which is often challenging due to the requirement of frequent optimization of various steps involved in Cell-SELEX procedures. This review provides an insight into various procedures for selection, aptamer enrichment, regeneration and aptamer-binding analysis, in addition to a very recent update on all aptamers selected by Cell-SELEX procedures.
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Abstract
Aptamers are nucleic acids referred to as chemical antibodies as they bind to their specific targets with high affinity and selectivity. They are selected via an iterative process known as ‘selective evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment’ (SELEX). Aptamers have been developed against numerous cancer targets and among them, many tumor cell-membrane protein biomarkers. The identification of aptamers targeting cell-surface proteins has mainly been performed by two different strategies: protein- and cell-based SELEX, when the targets used for selection were proteins and cells, respectively. This review aims to update the literature on aptamers targeting tumor cell surface protein biomarkers, highlighting potentials, pitfalls of protein- and cell-based selection processes and applications of such selected molecules. Aptamers as promising agents for diagnosis and therapeutic approaches in oncology are documented, as well as aptamers in clinical development.
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13
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Hwang Y, Park SH, Lee JW. Applications of Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes for the Therapy and Diagnosis of Cancer. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E13. [PMID: 30970690 PMCID: PMC6432390 DOI: 10.3390/polym9010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are attractive nanostructures that serve as multifunctional transporters in biomedical applications, especially in the field of cancer therapy and diagnosis. Owing to their easily tunable nature and remarkable properties, numerous functionalizations and treatments of CNTs have been attempted for their utilization as hybrid nano-carriers in the delivery of various anticancer drugs, genes, proteins, and immunotherapeutic molecules. In this review, we discuss the current advances in the applications of CNT-based novel delivery systems with an emphasis on the various functionalizations of CNTs. We also highlight recent findings that demonstrate their important roles in cancer imaging applications, demonstrating their potential as unique agents with high-level ultrasonic emission, strong Raman scattering resonance, and magnetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsung Hwang
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do 31151, Korea.
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do 31151, Korea.
| | - Sung-Hoon Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Soongsil University, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06978, Korea.
| | - Jin Woo Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea.
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González VM, Martín ME, Fernández G, García-Sacristán A. Use of Aptamers as Diagnostics Tools and Antiviral Agents for Human Viruses. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2016; 9:ph9040078. [PMID: 27999271 PMCID: PMC5198053 DOI: 10.3390/ph9040078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Appropriate diagnosis is the key factor for treatment of viral diseases. Time is the most important factor in rapidly developing and epidemiologically dangerous diseases, such as influenza, Ebola and SARS. Chronic viral diseases such as HIV-1 or HCV are asymptomatic or oligosymptomatic and the therapeutic success mainly depends on early detection of the infective agent. Over the last years, aptamer technology has been used in a wide range of diagnostic and therapeutic applications and, concretely, several strategies are currently being explored using aptamers against virus proteins. From a diagnostics point of view, aptamers are being designed as a bio-recognition element in diagnostic systems to detect viral proteins either in the blood (serum or plasma) or into infected cells. Another potential use of aptamers is for therapeutics of viral infections, interfering in the interaction between the virus and the host using aptamers targeting host-cell matrix receptors, or attacking the virus intracellularly, targeting proteins implicated in the viral replication cycle. In this paper, we review how aptamers working against viral proteins are discovered, with a focus on recent advances that improve the aptamers' properties as a real tool for viral infection detection and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor M González
- Departamento de Bioquímica-Investigación, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS)-Hospital Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain.
| | - M Elena Martín
- Departamento de Bioquímica-Investigación, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS)-Hospital Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Gerónimo Fernández
- Aptus Biotech SL, c/Faraday, 7, Parque Científico de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ana García-Sacristán
- Aptus Biotech SL, c/Faraday, 7, Parque Científico de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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15
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Hong S, Sun N, Liu M, Wang J, Pei R. Building a chimera of aptamer–antisense oligonucleotide for silencing galectin-1 gene. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra21250f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectin-1 is closely related with immune systems, and its overexpression may cause tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanni Hong
- School of Nano Technology and Nano Bionics
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei 230026
- China
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics
| | - Na Sun
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Suzhou 215123
- China
| | - Min Liu
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Suzhou 215123
- China
| | - Jine Wang
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Suzhou 215123
- China
| | - Renjun Pei
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Suzhou 215123
- China
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