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Chernitsyna SM, Elovskaya IS, Bukin SV, Bukin YS, Pogodaeva TV, Kwon DA, Zemskaya TI. Genomic and morphological characterization of a new Thiothrix species from a sulfide hot spring of the Zmeinaya bay (Northern Baikal, Russia). Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2024; 117:23. [PMID: 38217803 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-023-01918-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
A survey for bacteria of the genus Thiothrix indicated that they inhabited the area where the water of the Zmeiny geothermal spring (northern basin of Lake Baikal, Russia) mixed with the lake water. In the coastal zone of the lake oxygen (8.25 g/L) and hydrogen sulfide (up to 1 mg/L) were simultaneously present at sites of massive growth of these particular Thiothrix bacteria. Based on the analysis of the morphological characteristics and sequence of individual genes (16S rRNA, rpoB and tilS), we could not attribute the Thiothrix from Lake Baikal to any of the known species of this genus. To determine metabolic capabilities and phylogenetic position of the Thiothrix sp. from Lake Baikal, we analyzed their whole genome. Like all members of this genus, the bacteria from Lake Baikal were capable of organo-heterotrophic, chemolithoheterotrophic, and chemolithoautotrophic growth and differed from its closest relatives in the spectrum of nitrogen and sulfur cycle genes as well as in the indices of average nucleotide identity (ANI < 75-94%), amino acid identity (AAI < 94%) and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH < 17-57%), which were below the boundary of interspecies differences, allowing us to identify them as novel candidate species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - S V Bukin
- Limnological Institute SB RAS, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Yu S Bukin
- Limnological Institute SB RAS, Irkutsk, Russia
| | | | - D A Kwon
- Institute of Genome Analysis, Moscow, Russia
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2
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Meng Q, Zeng W, Fan Z, Li S, Peng Y. Sulfide inhibition on polyphosphate accumulating organisms and glycogen accumulating organisms: Cumulative inhibitory effect and recoverability. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 451:131157. [PMID: 36889076 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Sulfate in wastewater can be reduced to sulfide and its impact on the stability of enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) is still unclear. In this study, the metabolic changes and subsequent recovery of polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) and glycogen accumulating organisms (GAOs) were investigated at different sulfide concentrations. The results showed that the metabolic activity of PAOs and GAOs was mainly related to H2S concentration. Under anaerobic conditions, the catabolism of PAOs and GAOs was promoted at H2S concentrations below 79 mg/L S and 271 mg/L S, respectively, and inhibited above these concentrations; whereas anabolism was consistently inhibited in the presence of H2S. The phosphorus (P) release was also pH-dependent due to the intracellular free Mg2+ efflux from PAOs. H2S was more destructive to the esterase activity and membrane permeability of PAOs than those of GAOs and prompted intracellular free Mg2+ efflux of PAOs, resulting in worse aerobic metabolism and subsequent recovery of PAOs than GAOs. Additionally, sulfides facilitated the production of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), especially tightly bound EPS. The amount of EPS in GAOs was significantly higher than that in PAOs. The above results indicated that sulfide had a stronger inhibition to PAOs than GAOs, and when sulfide was present, GAOs had a competitive advantage over PAOs in EBPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingan Meng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Wei Zeng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Zhiwei Fan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Shuangshuang Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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Forouzanmehr F, Le QH, Solon K, Maisonnave V, Daniel O, Buffiere P, Gillot S, Volcke EIP. Plant-wide investigation of sulfur flows in a water resource recovery facility (WRRF). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 801:149530. [PMID: 34418627 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Even though sulfur compounds and their transformations may strongly affect wastewater treatment processes, their importance in water resource recovery facilities (WRRF) operation remains quite unexplored, notably when it comes to full-scale and plant-wide characterization. This contribution presents a first-of-a-kind, plant-wide quantification of total sulfur mass flows for all water and sludge streams in a full-scale WRRF. Because of its important impact on (post-treatment) process operation, the gaseous emission of sulfur as hydrogen sulfide (H2S) was also included, thus enabling a comprehensive evaluation of sulfur flows. Data availability and quality were optimized by experimental design and data reconciliation, which were applied for the first time to total sulfur flows. Total sulfur flows were successfully balanced over individual process treatment units as well as the plant-wide system with only minor variation to their original values, confirming that total sulfur is a conservative quantity. The two-stage anaerobic digestion with intermediate thermal hydrolysis led to a decreased sulfur content of dewatered sludge (by 36%). Higher (gaseous) H2S emissions were observed in the second-stage digester (42% of total emission) than in the first one, suggesting an impact of thermal treatment on the production of H2S. While the majority of sulfur mass flow from the influent left the plant through the treated effluent (> 95%), the sulfur discharge through dewatered sludge and gaseous emissions are critical. The latter are indeed responsible for odour nuisance, lower biogas quality, SO2 emissions upon sludge combustion and corrosion effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Forouzanmehr
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Belgium; Veolia Recherche & Innovation (VeRI), Maisons-Laffitte, France; Univ Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Laboratory of Waste Water Environment and Pollutions (DEEP) EA 7429, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Q H Le
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - K Solon
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - V Maisonnave
- Veolia Recherche & Innovation (VeRI), Maisons-Laffitte, France
| | - O Daniel
- Veolia Recherche & Innovation (VeRI), Maisons-Laffitte, France
| | - P Buffiere
- Univ Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Laboratory of Waste Water Environment and Pollutions (DEEP) EA 7429, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - S Gillot
- INRAE, UR REVERSAAL, F-69625, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - E I P Volcke
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Belgium.
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Matsuura N, Masakke Y, Karthikeyan S, Kanazawa S, Honda R, Yamamoto-Ikemoto R, Konstantinidis KT. Metagenomic insights into the effect of sulfate on enhanced biological phosphorus removal. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:2181-2193. [PMID: 33555362 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11113-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Excess phosphorus in water supplies causes eutrophication, which degrades water quality. Hence, the efficient removal of phosphorus from wastewater represents a highly desirable process. Here, we evaluated the effect of sulfate concentration on enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR), in which phosphorus is typically removed under anaerobic-oxic cycles, with sulfate reduction the predominant process in the anaerobic phase. Two sequencing batch EBPR reactors operated under high- (SBR-H) vs. low-sulfate (SBR-L) concentrations for 189 days and under three periods, i.e., start-up, sufficient acetate, and limited acetate. Under acetate-rich conditions, phosphorus removal efficiency was > 90% for both reactors; however, under acetate-limited conditions, only 34% and 91.3% of the phosphorus were removed for the SBR-L and the SBR-H, respectively. Metagenomic sequencing of the reactors showed that the relative abundance of the polyphosphate-accumulating and sulfur-reducing bacteria (SRB) was higher in the SBR-H, consistent with its higher phosphorus removal activity. Ten high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes, including one closely related to the genus Thiothrix disciformis (99.81% average amino acid identity), were recovered and predicted to simultaneously metabolize phosphorus and sulfur by the presence of phosphorus (ppk, ppx, pst, and pit) and sulfur (sul, sox, dsr, sqr, apr, cys, and sat) metabolism marker genes. The omics-based analysis provided a holistic view of the microbial ecosystem in the EBPR process and revealed that SRB and Thiothrix play key roles in the presence of high sulfate.Key points• We observed high phosphorus-removal efficiency in high-sulfate EBPR.• Metagenome-based analysis revealed sulfate-related metabolic mechanisms in EBPR.• SRB and PAOs showed interrelationships in the EBPR-sulfur systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihisa Matsuura
- Faculty of Geosciences and Civil Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
| | - Yalkhin Masakke
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Smruthi Karthikeyan
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sui Kanazawa
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Ryo Honda
- Faculty of Geosciences and Civil Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Ryoko Yamamoto-Ikemoto
- Faculty of Geosciences and Civil Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Konstantinos T Konstantinidis
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.,School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Genomic and Metabolic Insights into Two Novel Thiothrix Species from Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal Systems. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8122030. [PMID: 33353182 PMCID: PMC7767063 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8122030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Two metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), obtained from laboratory-scale enhanced biological phosphorus removal bioreactors, were analyzed. The values of 16S rRNA gene sequence identity, average nucleotide identity, and average amino acid identity indicated that these genomes, designated as RT and SSD2, represented two novel species within the genus Thiothrix, 'Candidatus Thiothrix moscowensis' and 'Candidatus Thiothrix singaporensis'. A complete set of genes for the tricarboxylic acid cycle and electron transport chain indicates a respiratory type of metabolism. A notable feature of RT and SSD2, as well as other Thiothrix species, is the presence of a flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-dependent malate:quinone oxidoreductase instead of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent malate dehydrogenase. Both MAGs contained genes for CO2 assimilation through the Calvin-Benson-Bassam cycle; sulfide oxidation (sqr, fccAB), sulfur oxidation (rDsr complex), direct (soeABC) and indirect (aprBA, sat) sulfite oxidation, and the branched Sox pathway (SoxAXBYZ) of thiosulfate oxidation to sulfur and sulfate. All these features indicate a chemoorganoheterotrophic, chemolithoautotrophic, and chemolithoheterotrophic lifestyle. Both MAGs comprise genes for nitrate reductase and NO-reductase, while SSD2 also contains genes for nitrite reductase. The presence of polyphosphate kinase and exopolyphosphatase suggests that RT and SSD2 could accumulate and degrade polyhosphates during the oxic-anoxic growth cycle in the bioreactors, such as typical phosphate-accumulating microorganisms.
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de Graaff DR, van Loosdrecht MCM, Pronk M. Stable granulation of seawater-adapted aerobic granular sludge with filamentous Thiothrix bacteria. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 175:115683. [PMID: 32179272 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Many sources of wastewater contain sulfides, which can cause excessive growth of filamentous bacteria such as Thiothrix sp. resulting in bulking sludge in conventional activated sludge systems. Granular sludge systems could potentially also suffer from the growth of filamentous bacteria. Uptake of easily degradable COD by the relatively slow growing Ca. Accumulibacter phosphatis bacteria and the absence of strong diffusion gradients due to plug flow feeding through the settled granular sludge bed are assumed to be the dominant factors for successful granulation. Sulfides will remain after this anaerobic phase and cause growth of sulfide-consuming bacteria such as Thiothrix sp. Here we observed the impact of growth of Thiothrix sp bacteria in a laboratory aerobic granular sludge reactor by feeding a mixture of acetate and thiosulfate in the influent. Thiothrix sp, proliferated when 18% of the influent COD was due to thiosulfate, forming 51.4 ± 8.3% of the total granular biomass. Despite the strong presence of these filamentous bacteria a well settling sludge was maintained (SVI10 equal to 13.3 mL/g). These results confirm that sludge morphology is not necessarily a reflection of the cell morphology of the bacteria, but is highly influence by reactor operation. It also reiterates the fact that compact biofilms are formed when the substrate consumption rate is lower than the substrate transport rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny R de Graaff
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, the Netherlands.
| | - Mark C M van Loosdrecht
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Mario Pronk
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, the Netherlands; Royal HaskoningDHV, Laan 1914 35, Amersfoort, 3800 AL, the Netherlands
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Huang H, Ekama GA, Biswal BK, Dai J, Jiang F, Chen GH, Wu D. A new sulfidogenic oxic-settling anaerobic (SOSA) process: The effects of sulfur-cycle bioaugmentation on the operational performance, sludge properties and microbial communities. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 162:30-42. [PMID: 31254884 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In-situ sludge reduction can be achieved by inserting an anaerobic side-stream reactor in the sludge return line of the conventional activated sludge (CAS) process. This modified oxic-settling-anaerobic (OSA) process can reduce sludge production by 30-50% through feast-fast alternating conditions. This paper proposes a new bioprocess called the sulfidogenic oxic-settling anaerobic (SOSA) process with OSA configuration and the addition of sulfate in side-stream reactor. The new bioprocess augments the conventional anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic feast-fast bioconversions with sulfur biochemical transformations (i.e. sulfate reduction and sulfur-oxidizing autotrophic denitrification). A lab-scale SOSA process was operated for 260 days in parallel with the anoxic/oxic (AO) CAS process and the conventional OSA process as control systems. Based on the experimental results, the feasibility of the new SOSA process was evaluated, and the effects of sulfur bioaugmentation on the effluent quality, sludge reduction, sludge physico-chemical properties and microbial communities were examined. The SOSA process i) removed 98% of the organics (chemical oxygen demand, COD) and 99% of the ammonia present with a lower observed sludge yield (0.204 g TSS/g CODremoved) than those of the OSA and AO processes (0.292 and 0.473 g TSS/g CODremoved respectively), ii) denitrified 18% and 6% more nitrogen to dinitrogen gas than did the CAS and OSA processes respectively, iii) produced sludge with improved settleability and dewaterability, iv) encouraged sludge decomposition with greater destruction of extracellular polymeric substances and v) enriched sulfur-cycle related and hydrolytic/fermentative bacteria. The possible mechanisms of sulfur augmentation and limitations of the present study are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Huang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (Hong Kong Branch) and Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong; HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Fok Ying Tung Graduate School, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Guangdong, China
| | - George A Ekama
- Water Research Group, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Basanta K Biswal
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (Hong Kong Branch) and Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong
| | - Ji Dai
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (Hong Kong Branch) and Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong
| | - Feng Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Wastewater Management and Treatment, School of Chemistry & Environment, South China Normal University, Guangdong, China
| | - Guang-Hao Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (Hong Kong Branch) and Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong; HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Fok Ying Tung Graduate School, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Guangdong, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (Hong Kong Branch) and Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong; HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Fok Ying Tung Graduate School, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Guangdong, China.
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Elucidating the microbial communities and anaerobic mechanisms of a new biomass capable of capturing carbon and sulfur pollutants for sulfate-laden wastewater treatment. Biochem Eng J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Stes H, Aerts S, Caluwé M, Dobbeleers T, Wuyts S, Kiekens F, D'aes J, De Langhe P, Dries J. Formation of aerobic granular sludge and the influence of the pH on sludge characteristics in a SBR fed with brewery/bottling plant wastewater. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2018; 77:2253-2264. [PMID: 29757177 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2018.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was operated for 450 days to assess aerobic granule formation when treating brewery/bottling plant wastewater by consistent application of a feast/famine regime. The experiment was divided into three major periods according to the different operational conditions: (I) no pH control and strong fluctuations in organic loading rate (OLR) (1.18 ± 0.25 kgCOD·(m3·day)-1), (II) pH control and aeration control strategy to reduce OLR fluctuations (1.45 ± 0.65 kgCOD·(m3·day)-1) and (III) no pH control and stable OLR (1.42 ± 0.18 kgCOD·(m3·day)-1). Aerobic granule formation was successful after 80 days and maintained during the subsequent 380 days. The aerobic granular sludge was characterized by SVI5 and SVI30 values below 60 mL.g-1 and dominated by granular, dense structures. An oxygen uptake rate based aeration control strategy insured endogenous respiration at the end of the aerobic phase, resulting in stable SBR operation when the influent composition fluctuated. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction results show no significant enrichment of Accumulibacter or Competibacter during the granulation process. The 16S rRNA sequencing results indicate enrichment of other, possibly important species during aerobic granule formation while treating brewery wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Stes
- Research group BioGEM, Bio-Chemical Green Engineering & Materials, Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp, Salesianenlaan 90, 2660 Antwerp, Belgium E-mail: ; Pantarein Water BVBA, Egide Walschaersstraat 22 L, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Sven Aerts
- Pantarein Water BVBA, Egide Walschaersstraat 22 L, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Michel Caluwé
- Research group BioGEM, Bio-Chemical Green Engineering & Materials, Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp, Salesianenlaan 90, 2660 Antwerp, Belgium E-mail:
| | - Thomas Dobbeleers
- Research group BioGEM, Bio-Chemical Green Engineering & Materials, Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp, Salesianenlaan 90, 2660 Antwerp, Belgium E-mail:
| | - Sander Wuyts
- Research group ENdEMIC, Faculty of Bioengineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium and Research group IMDO, Industrial Microbiology and Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Elsene, Belgium
| | - Filip Kiekens
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Jolien D'aes
- Research group BioGEM, Bio-Chemical Green Engineering & Materials, Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp, Salesianenlaan 90, 2660 Antwerp, Belgium E-mail:
| | - Piet De Langhe
- Pantarein Water BVBA, Egide Walschaersstraat 22 L, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Jan Dries
- Research group BioGEM, Bio-Chemical Green Engineering & Materials, Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp, Salesianenlaan 90, 2660 Antwerp, Belgium E-mail:
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Wang Z, Dunne A, van Loosdrecht MCM, Saikaly PE. Effect of Salt on the Metabolism of ' Candidatus Accumulibacter' Clade I and II. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:479. [PMID: 29616002 PMCID: PMC5865004 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Saline wastewater is known to affect the performance of phosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs) in enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) process. However, studies comparing the effect of salinity on different PAO clades are lacking. In this study, ‘Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis’ Clade I and II (hereafter referred to as PAOI and PAOII) were highly enriched (∼90% in relative abundance as determined by quantitative FISH) in the form of granules in two sequencing batch reactors. Anaerobic and aerobic batch experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of salinity on the kinetics and stoichiometry of PAOI and PAOII. PAOI and PAOII communities showed different priority in using polyphosphate (poly-P) and glycogen to generate ATP in the anaerobic phase when exposed to salt, with PAOI depending more on intracellular poly-P degradation (e.g., the proportion of calculated ATP derived from poly-P increased by 5–6% at 0.256 mol/L NaCl or KCl) while PAOII on glycolysis of intracellularly stored glycogen (e.g., the proportion of calculated ATP derived from glycogen increased by 29–30% at 0.256 mol/L NaCl or KCl). In the aerobic phase, the loss of phosphate uptake capability was more pronounced in PAOII due to the higher energy cost to synthesize their larger glycogen pool compared to PAOI. For both PAOI and PAOII, aerobic conversion rates were more sensitive to salt than anaerobic conversion rates. Potassium (K+) and sodium (Na+) ions exhibited different effect regardless of the enriched PAO culture, suggesting that the composition of salt is an important factor to consider when studying the effect of salt on EBPR performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwei Wang
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Water Desalination and Reuse Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aislinn Dunne
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Water Desalination and Reuse Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mark C M van Loosdrecht
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Pascal E Saikaly
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Water Desalination and Reuse Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Kouba V, Proksova E, Wiesinger H, Vejmelkova D, Bartacek J. Good servant, bad master: sulfide influence on partial nitritation of sewage. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2017; 76:3258-3268. [PMID: 29236005 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2017.490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
When applying partial nitritation (PN) to anaerobically pre-treated sewage, ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) will be exposed to dissolved sulfide and methane. Both sulfide and methane may inhibit nitrification. To gain knowledge necessary for sustaining PN under these conditions, we exposed an AOB enrichment and a mixed nitrifying culture to dissolved sulfide and methane. In the mixed nitrifying culture, sulfide selectively inhibited NOB activity (KI,AOB1 = 150 mg-S L-1, KI,NOB = 10 mg-S L-1) which shows that sulfide may help establish PN. The AOB enrichment showed similar KI,AOB2 (130 mg-S L-1), but nitritation activity lagged longer than the time necessary to remove sulfide from the liquid. This demonstrates that feeding of sulfide into established PN should be avoided. Methane inhibition of AOB enrichment was assessed in batch assays with 10 mg-CH4 L-1. As compared to control without methane, AOB enrichment activity was identical. Up to 51% of methane was converted to methanol, thus reducing the greenhouse gas emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Kouba
- Department of Water Technology and Environmental Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic E-mail:
| | - E Proksova
- Department of Water Technology and Environmental Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic E-mail:
| | - H Wiesinger
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - D Vejmelkova
- Department of Water Technology and Environmental Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic E-mail:
| | - J Bartacek
- Department of Water Technology and Environmental Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic E-mail:
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Rubio-Rincón FJ, Welles L, Lopez-Vazquez CM, Nierychlo M, Abbas B, Geleijnse M, Nielsen PH, van Loosdrecht MCM, Brdjanovic D. Long-term effects of sulphide on the enhanced biological removal of phosphorus: The symbiotic role of Thiothrix caldifontis. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 116:53-64. [PMID: 28314208 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Thiothrix caldifontis was the dominant microorganism (with an estimated bio-volume of 65 ± 3%) in a lab-scale enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) system containing 100 mg of sulphide per litre in the influent. After a gradual exposure to the presence of sulphide, the EBPR system initially dominated by Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis Clade I (98 ± 3% bio-volume) (a known polyphosphate accumulating organism, PAO) became enriched with T. caldifontis. Throughout the different operating conditions studied, practically 100% phosphate removal was always achieved. The gradual increase of the sulphide content in the medium (added to the anaerobic stage of the alternating anaerobic-aerobic sequencing batch reactor) and the adjustment of the aerobic hydraulic retention time played a major role in the enrichment of T. caldifontis. T. caldifontis exhibited a mixotrophic metabolism by storing carbon anaerobically as poly-β-hydroxy-alkanoates (PHA) and generating the required energy through the hydrolysis of polyphosphate. PHA was used in the aerobic period as carbon and energy source for growth, polyphosphate, and glycogen formation. Apparently, extra energy was obtained by the initial accumulation of sulphide as an intracellular sulphur, followed by its gradual oxidation to sulphate. The culture enriched with T. caldifontis was able to store approximately 100 mg P/g VSS. This research suggests that T. caldifontis could behave like PAO with a mixotrophic metabolism for phosphorus removal using an intracellular sulphur pool as energy source. These findings can be of major interest for the biological removal of phosphorus from wastewaters with low organic carbon concentrations containing reduced S-compounds like those (pre-)treated in anaerobic systems or from anaerobic sewers.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Rubio-Rincón
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Water Technology, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611AX, Delft, The Netherlands; Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - L Welles
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Water Technology, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611AX, Delft, The Netherlands; Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - C M Lopez-Vazquez
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Water Technology, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611AX, Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - M Nierychlo
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - B Abbas
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - M Geleijnse
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - P H Nielsen
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - M C M van Loosdrecht
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - D Brdjanovic
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Water Technology, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611AX, Delft, The Netherlands; Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands.
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Rubio-Rincón F, Lopez-Vazquez C, Welles L, van den Brand T, Abbas B, van Loosdrecht M, Brdjanovic D. Effects of electron acceptors on sulphate reduction activity in activated sludge processes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:6229-6240. [PMID: 28547567 PMCID: PMC5522498 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8340-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The concentration of sulphate present in wastewater can vary from 10 to 500 mg SO42−/L. During anaerobic conditions, sulphate is reduced to sulphide by sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB). Sulphide generation is undesired in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Previous research indicated that SRB are inhibited by the presence of electron acceptors (such as O2, NO3 and NO2). However, the contact times and concentrations used in those studies are by far higher than occur in WWTPs. Since sulphide can influence the biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal processes, this research aimed to understand how the different electron acceptors commonly present in biological nutrient removal (BNR) systems can affect the proliferation of SRB. For this purpose, a culture of SRB was enriched in a sequencing batch reactor (approx. 88% of the total bacteria population). Once enriched, the SRB were exposed for 2 h to typical concentrations of electron acceptors like those observed in BNR systems. Their activity was assessed using three different types of electron donors (acetate, propionate and lactate). Oxygen was the most inhibiting electron acceptor regardless the carbon source used. After exposure to oxygen and when feeding acetate, an inactivation time in the sulphate reduction activity was observed for 1.75 h. Once the sulphate reduction activity resumed, only 60% of the original activity was recovered. It is suggested that the proliferation of SRB is most likely to occur in BNR plants with an anaerobic fraction higher than 15% and operating at sludge retention times higher than 20 days (at a temperature of 20 °C). These results can be used to implement strategies to control the growth of sulphate reducers that might compete for organic carbon with phosphate-accumulating organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Rubio-Rincón
- Sanitary Engineering Chair Group, Department of Environmental Engineering and Water Technology, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611AX, Delft, The Netherlands. .,Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Carlos Lopez-Vazquez
- Sanitary Engineering Chair Group, Department of Environmental Engineering and Water Technology, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611AX, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Laurens Welles
- Sanitary Engineering Chair Group, Department of Environmental Engineering and Water Technology, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611AX, Delft, The Netherlands.,Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Tessa van den Brand
- KWR Watercycle Research Institute, Groningenhaven 7, 3433 PE, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Ben Abbas
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Mark van Loosdrecht
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Damir Brdjanovic
- Sanitary Engineering Chair Group, Department of Environmental Engineering and Water Technology, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611AX, Delft, The Netherlands.,Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
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