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Junker N, Sariyar Akbulut B, Wendisch VF. Utilization of orange peel waste for sustainable amino acid production by Corynebacterium glutamicum. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1419444. [PMID: 39050686 PMCID: PMC11266056 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1419444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Oranges are the most processed fruit in the world-it is therefore apparent that the industrial production of orange juice generates large quantities of orange peel as a by-product. Unfortunately, the management of the orange peel waste leads to economic and environmental problems. Meanwhile, the use of sustainable raw materials for the production of bulk chemicals, such as amino acids, is becoming increasingly attractive. To address both issues, this study focused on the use of orange peel waste as a raw material for media preparation for the production of amino acids by engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum. C. glutamicum grew on pure orange peel hydrolysate (OPH) and growth was enhanced by the addition of a nitrogen source and a pH buffer. Inhibitory effects by the combination of high concentrations of OPH, (NH4)2SO4, and MOPS buffer in the wild-type strain (WT), were overcome in the tyrosine-producing engineered C. glutamicum strain AROM3. Genetic modifications that we identified to allow for improved growth rates under these conditions included the deletions of the vanillin dehydrogenase gene vdh, the ʟ-lactate dehydrogenase gene ldhA and the 19 genes comprising cluster cg2663-cg2686. A growth inhibiting compound present in high concentrations in the OPH is 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF). We identified vdh as being primarily responsible for the oxidation of HMF to its acid 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxylic acid (HMFCA), as the formation of HMFCA was reduced by 97% upon deletion of vdh in C. glutamicum WT. In addition, we showed that growth limitations could be overcome by adjusting the media preparation, using a combination of cheap ammonia water and KOH for pH neutralization after acidic hydrolysis. Overall, we developed a sustainable medium based on orange peel waste for the cultivation of C. glutamicum and demonstrated the successful production of the exemplary amino acids ʟ-arginine, ʟ-lysine, ʟ-serine, ʟ-valine and ʟ-tyrosine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Junker
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology and Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | | | - Volker F. Wendisch
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology and Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
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Park Y, Jeong GT. Production of levulinic acid from macroalgae by hydrothermal conversion with ionic resin catalyst. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 402:130778. [PMID: 38701985 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Gracilaria verrucosa is red algae (Rhodophyta) that is particularly significant because of its potential for bioenergy production as a sustainable and environmentally friendly marine bioresource. This study focuses on the production of levulinic acid from G. verrucosa using hydrothermal conversion with an ionic resin Purolite CT269DR as the catalyst. By optimization of the conversion condition, a 30.3 % (22.58 g/L) yield of levulinic acid (LA) (based on carbohydrate content) was obtained at 200 °C for 90 min with 12.5 % biomass and 50 % catalyst loading of biomass quantity. Simultaneously, formic acid yielded 14.0 % (10.42 g/L). The LA yield increased with increasing combined severity (CS) levels under tested ranges. Furthermore, the relationship between CS and LA synthesis was effectively fitted to the nonlinear sigmoidal equation. However, as the yield of sugar decreased, LA yield was linearly increased. Thus, the use of ionic resin as a heterogeneous catalyst presents significant potential for the manufacture of platform chemicals, specifically LA, through the conversion of renewable marine macroalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngshin Park
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Marine, Fisheries and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwi-Taek Jeong
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Marine, Fisheries and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea.
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Huynh NT, Le TKN, Le THA, Dang TT. Optimising the recovery of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity from orange peels through solid-state fermentation. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38710024 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2351541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
It is widely recognised that orange peels contain a considerable quantity of phenolics, primarily in the form of glycosides. The process of fermentation holds potential as a viable method for extracting phenolic compounds and facilitating their biotransformation into novel metabolites. The aim of this study was to assess the enhanced release of phenolic compounds through the process of solid-state fermentation of orange peels using microorganisms. Following a 6-day incubation period, the methanol extract obtained from the sample fermented with starter Banh men exhibited the highest concentration of total phenolic compounds (17.57 ± 0.34 mg GAE/g DW) and demonstrated the most significant DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity (55.03%). The Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) analysis revealed that the predominant phenolic compounds in all fermented samples were flavonoid aglycones, specifically naringenin, hesperetin, and nobiletin. Conversely, in the unfermented orange peels, the major compound observed was the glycoside derivative hesperidin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thai Huynh
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Industry and Trade, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thi Kha Nguyen Le
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Industry and Trade, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thi Hong Anh Le
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Industry and Trade, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tien T Dang
- Institute of Applied Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Viet Nam
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Saeed M, Kamboh AA, Huayou C. Promising future of citrus waste into fermented high-quality bio-feed in the poultry nutrition and safe environment. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103549. [PMID: 38387290 PMCID: PMC10899041 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Essential oils (EO), ascorbic acid, sugars, carotenoids, flavonoids, dietary fiber, polyphenols, and trace minerals are found in citrus residue. It gives animals energy and promotes health. On a dry matter basis, the citrus pulp is composed of 7% crude protein, 14% crude fiber, 21.6% nitrogen detergent fiber, 2.5% fat, 24.4% total sugars, and 12.1% ME MJ/kg. It has been reported that the natural antioxidant content of citrus pulp has a beneficial effect on growth and microbial and immunological parameters. The literature indicates that the ultimate weight and weight gain of poultry are significantly (P > 0.05) greater with 7.5% inclusion. Growing knowledge of the health benefits of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in producing beneficial metabolites has led to interest in developing LAB-containing products for use in biofeed businesses. The consumption of fermented citrus residue significantly decreased blood cholesterol levels. Fermentation results in the production of many compounds (including organic acids, exopolysaccharides, bioactive peptides, phenolic compounds, and gamma-aminobutyric acid), which have many multidimensional functions for maintaining the health and well-being of poultry. During fermentation, the pH may quickly decrease, and harmful bacterial and fungal organisms may be substantially retarded at the early stage of ensiling. The published literature has shown that the fermentation of citrus waste with different probiotic strains, such as Lactobacillus acidophilus, Limosilactobacillus fermentum, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Pediococcus pentocaseus, and Lacticaseiobacillus paracasei, in the diet has fantastic effects on the conversion of citrus waste into fermented high-quality feed with extended shelf life and sensory value. Citrus waste lactic acid fermentation may be a viable option for producing nutritional biofeed for poultry, but there is a lack of related research on poultry, so more research on food-grade bacterial fermentation is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saeed
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Asghar Ali Kamboh
- Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, 70060, China
| | - Chen Huayou
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
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Dikmetas D, Devecioglu D, Karbancioglu-Guler F, Kahveci D. Sequential Extraction and Characterization of Essential Oil, Flavonoids, and Pectin from Industrial Orange Waste. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:14442-14454. [PMID: 38559951 PMCID: PMC10976415 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Orange is one of the primary fruits processed into juice and other products worldwide, leading to a vast amount of waste accumulation. Such waste has been considered as an attractive candidate for upcycling to obtain bioactive components remaining. The present study investigated the extraction of essential oil (EO), flavonoids, and pectin from industrial orange waste with a holistic approach. To maximize EO yield and d-limonene concentration, hydrodistillation (HD) conditions were selected to be 5.5 mL water/g solid for 180 min. Remaining solids were further used for flavonoid extraction where conventional solvent, sequential ultrasound + solvent, and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UE) were applied. UE applied for 50 min with 120 mL solvent/g solid yielded the highest total phenolic (TPCs) and total flavonoid contents (TFCs), antioxidant capacity, and hesperidin and neohesperidin concentrations. In terms of TPC, TFC, antioxidant capacity, and antibacterial activity, both EO and flavonoid fractions demonstrated moderate to high bioactivity. At the final step, ethanol precipitation was applied to obtain the pectin that was solubilized in hot water during HD and it was characterized by Fourier transform infrared, degree of esterification, and galacturonic acid content. Practical application: to ensure utilization in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries, this study presents a combined method to obtain several value-added compounds from industrial orange waste. Bioactive EO and flavonoids obtained could have applications in functional food, supplements, or cosmetic formulations, whereas extracted pectin can be used in many formulated foods and drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilara
Nur Dikmetas
- Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical
Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilara Devecioglu
- Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical
Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Funda Karbancioglu-Guler
- Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical
Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Derya Kahveci
- Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical
Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
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Zhou T, Ju X, Yan L, Fang R, Xu X, Li L. Production of mannooligosaccharides from orange peel waste with β-mannanase expressed in Trichosporonoides oedocephalis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 395:130373. [PMID: 38278453 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
A large quantity of orange peel waste (OPW) is generated per year, yet effective biorefinery methods are lacking. In this study, Trichosporonoides oedocephalis ATCC 16958 was employed for hydrolyzing OPW to produce soluble sugars. Glycosyl hydrolases from Paenibacillussp.LLZ1 which can hydrolyze cellulose and hemicellulose were mined and characterized, with the highest β-mannanase activity of 39.1 U/mg at pH 6.0 and 50 ℃. The enzyme was overexpressed in T. oedocephalis and the sugar production was enhanced by 16 %. The accumulated sugar contains 57 % value-added mannooligosaccharides by the hydrolysis of mannans. The process was intensified by a pretreatment combining H2O2 submergence and steam explosion to remove potential inhibitors. The mannooligosaccharides yield of 6.5 g/L was achieved in flask conversion and increased to 9.7 g/L in a 5-L fermenter. This study improved the effectiveness of orange peel waste processing, and provided a hydrolysis-based methodology for the utilization of fruit wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, PR China
| | - Xin Ju
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, PR China
| | - Lishi Yan
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, PR China
| | - Ruiqi Fang
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, PR China
| | - Xinqi Xu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Enzyme Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fujian 350116, PR China
| | - Liangzhi Li
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, PR China.
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Camargo AF, Bonatto C, Scapini T, Klanovicz N, Tadioto V, Cadamuro RD, Bazoti SF, Kubeneck S, Michelon W, Reichert Júnior FW, Mossi AJ, Alves Júnior SL, Fongaro G, Treichel H. Fungus-based bioherbicides on circular economy. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2023; 46:1729-1754. [PMID: 37743409 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-023-02926-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
This review aimed to show that bioherbicides are possible in organic agriculture as natural compounds from fungi and metabolites produced by them. It is discussed that new formulations must be developed to improve field stability and enable the commercialization of microbial herbicides. Due to these bottlenecks, it is crucial to advance the bioprocesses behind the formulation and fermentation of bio-based herbicides, scaling up, strategies for field application, and the potential of bioherbicides in the global market. In this sense, it proposed insights for modern agriculture based on sustainable development and circular economy, precisely the formulation, scale-up, and field application of microbial bioherbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Frumi Camargo
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology and Biosciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim, Brazil
| | - Charline Bonatto
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim, Brazil
| | - Thamarys Scapini
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Natalia Klanovicz
- Research Group in Advanced Oxidation Processes (AdOx), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Viviani Tadioto
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology and Biosciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Rafael Dorighello Cadamuro
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology and Biosciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Suzana Fátima Bazoti
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Simone Kubeneck
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim, Brazil
| | | | | | - Altemir José Mossi
- Laboratory of Agroecology, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim, Brazil
| | | | - Gislaine Fongaro
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology and Biosciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Helen Treichel
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology and Biosciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim, Brazil.
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8
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Uğurlu Ş, Günan Yücel H, Aksu Z. Valorization of food wastes with a sequential two-step process for microbial β-carotene production: A zero waste approach. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 340:118003. [PMID: 37105102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Here, two consecutive β-carotene fermentation processes were carried out with Rhodotorula glutinis yeast in the growth media obtained from orange and grape wastes. Firstly, waste biomasses were subjected to hot water extraction. Effects of waste type, drying pretreatment, particle size and solid/liquid ratio on the total concentration and yield of sugars recovered were tested. The highest sugar concentration was obtained by the hot water extraction of fresh grape pomace as 61.2 g total reducing sugars (TRS)/L at a solid/liquid ratio of 100 g/L. In the first fermentation process, effect of solid/liquid ratio (initial TRS concentration) on β-carotene production pattern of R. glutinis was investigated in the media obtained directly by hot water extraction of the wastes. Microorganism and β-carotene concentrations increased with increasing solid/liquid ratio (range 10-100 g/L), and the microbial growth data fit the Monod model well for all cases. Maximum β-carotene concentration in the growth medium obtained from hot water extraction of 100 g/L of grape pomace was determined as 5988.6 mg/L. In the second fermentation process, β-carotene was produced in the acid hydrolysate of extraction residues. 10.1 g/L and 6.7 g/L of TRS was obtained after acid hydrolysis of orange and grape residues, respectively, and the highest β-carotene concentration of 370.0 mg/L was found in the medium of hydrolyzed orange peel extraction residue. Total β-carotene production increased to 1777.1 and 3279.6 mg/L (26% and 4.9% of increase) after the second fermentation step. 85.3% and 80.2% of reduction in orange and grape waste weights were observed at the end of the process, which was an indicator of efficient waste biomass disposal. Two sequential β-carotene fermentation steps offered significant advantages in terms of both efficiency and a zero waste approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şenay Uğurlu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hacettepe University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hande Günan Yücel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hacettepe University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zümriye Aksu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hacettepe University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey.
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Wang PS, Ahmad A, Nazar M, Rahmah AU, Moniruzzaman M. Biocompatible and Biodegradable Surfactants from Orange Peel for Oil Spill Remediation. Molecules 2023; 28:5794. [PMID: 37570764 PMCID: PMC10421384 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Oil spill remediation plays a vital role in mitigating the environmental impacts caused by oil spills. The chemical method is one of the widely recognized approaches in chemical surfactants. However, the most commonly used chemical surfactants are toxic and non-biodegradable. Herein, two biocompatible and biodegradable surfactants were synthesized from orange peel using the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMIMCl) and organic solvent dimethylacetamide (CH3CN(CH3)2) as reaction media. The acronyms SOPIL and SOPOS refer to the surfactants prepared with BMIMCl and dimethylacetamide, respectively. The surface tension, dispersant effectiveness, optical microscopy, and emulsion stability test were conducted to examine the comparative performance of the synthesized surfactants. The Baffled flask test (BFT) was carried out to determine the dispersion effectiveness. The toxicity test was performed against zebrafish (Danio rerio), whereas the closed bottle test (CBT) evaluated biodegradability. The results revealed that the critical micelle concentration (CMC) value of SOPIL was lower (8.57 mg/L) than that of SOPOS (9.42 mg/L). The dispersion effectiveness values for SOPIL and SOPOS were 69.78% and 40.30%, respectively. The acute toxicity test demonstrated that SOPIL was 'practically non-toxic' with a median lethal concentration of more than 1000 mg/L after 96 h. The biodegradation rate was recorded as higher than 60% for both surfactants within 28 days, demonstrating their readily biodegradable nature. Considering these attributes, biocompatible and biodegradable surfactants derived from orange peel emerge as a promising and sustainable alternative for oil spill remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Soon Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia; (P.S.W.); (A.A.); (M.N.)
| | - Aqeel Ahmad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia; (P.S.W.); (A.A.); (M.N.)
| | - Masooma Nazar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia; (P.S.W.); (A.A.); (M.N.)
| | - Anisa Ur Rahmah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Kartasura 57162, Sukoharjo, Indonesia;
| | - Muhammad Moniruzzaman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia; (P.S.W.); (A.A.); (M.N.)
- Center of Research in Ionic Liquids (CORIL), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia
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Shao Q, Fang S, Fang X, Zhang M, Huang W, Wang F, Duan X, Wu Y, Luo J. Boosting short-chain fatty acids production from co-fermentation of orange peel waste and waste activated sludge: Critical role of pH on fermentation steps and microbial function traits. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 380:129128. [PMID: 37137449 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The anaerobic co-fermentation of orange peel waste (OPW) and waste activated sludge (WAS) for useful short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) generation presents an environmentally friendly and efficient method for their disposal. This study amied to investigate the effects of pH regulation on OPW/WAS co-fermentation, and found that the alkaline pH regulation (pH 9) significantly enhanced the promotion of SCFAs (11843 ± 424 mg COD/L), with a high proportion of acetate (51%). Further analysis revealed that alkaline pH regulation facilitated solubilization, hydrolysis, and acidification while simultaneously inhibiting methanogenesis. Furthermore, the functional anaerobes, as well as the expressions of corresponding gene involved in SCFAs biosynthesis, were generally improved under alkaline pH regulation. Alkaline treatment might played a critical role in alleviating the toxicity of OPW, resulting in improving microbial metabolic activity. This work provided an effective strategy to recover biomass waste as high-value products, and insightful understanding of microbial traits during OPW/WAS co-fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqi Shao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Shiyu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Xinyang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Minghong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wenxuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Xu Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jingyang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
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Anupong W, On-Uma R, Jutamas K, Joshi D, Salmen SH, Alahmadi TA, Jhanani GK. Cobalt nanoparticles synthesizing potential of orange peel aqueous extract and their antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114594. [PMID: 36257451 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The ability of cobalt nanoparticles (CoNPs) to absorb electromagnetic waves led to their use as potential biomedical agents in recent years. The properties of magnetic fluid containing cobalt nanoparticles are extraordinary. Hence, this research was designed to evaluate the Co(NO3)2 reducing the potential of orange peel aqueous extract and assessed their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. The aqueous extract derived from orange peel had the potential to fabricate the CoNPs from 1 M Co(NO3)2 and the synthesized CoNPs were successfully characterized by standard nanoparticles characterization techniques such as UV-vis spectrophotometer, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and Dynamic light scattering (DLS) analyses. The FTIR analysis revealed that the synthesized CoNPs were capped with active functional groups. It was characterized by predominant peaks corresponding to carbonyl (CO), amide (CO = ), and C-O of alcohols or phenols. The size and shape of CoNPs were found as 14.2-22.7 nm and octahedral, respectively, under SEM analysis. Furthermore, at increased concentration, the CoNPs demonstrated remarkable antimicrobial activity against common bacterial (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus,Bacillus subtilis, and Klebsiella pneumoniae) and fungal (Aspergillus niger) pathogens. Furthermore, these CoNPs also showed considerable in-vitro antioxidant activities against various free articles such as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2). These results suggest that OP aqueous extract synthesized CoNPs possess considerable biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wongchai Anupong
- Department of Agricultural Economy and Development, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, 50200, Thailand; Innovative Agriculture Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Ruangwong On-Uma
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, 50200, Thailand; Innovative Agriculture Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Kumchai Jutamas
- Department of Plant Science and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Innovative Agriculture Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Deepika Joshi
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Saleh H Salmen
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box -2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahani Awad Alahmadi
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Medical City, PO Box-2925, Riyadh, 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - G K Jhanani
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research (CFTR), Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
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12
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Consumer perception and physicochemical characterization of a new product made from lactic acid fermented orange peels. Int J Gastron Food Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgfs.2022.100647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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13
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From Biorefinery to Food Product Design: Peach (Prunus persica) By-Products Deserve Attention. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2022; 16:1197-1215. [PMID: 36465719 PMCID: PMC9702882 DOI: 10.1007/s11947-022-02951-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
There is an increasing demand for functional foods to attend the consumers preference for products with health benefits. Peach (Prunus persica), from Rosaceae family, is a worldwide well-known fruit, and its processing generates large amounts of by-products, consisting of peel, stone (seed shell + seed), and pomace, which represent about 10% of the annual global production, an equivalent of 2.4 million tons. Some studies have already evaluated the bioactive compounds from peach by-products, although, the few available reviews do not consider peach by-products as valuable materials for product design methodology. Thereby, a novelty of this review is related to the use of these mostly unexplored by-products as alternative sources of valuable components, encouraging the circular bioeconomy approach by designing new food products. Besides, this review presents recent peach production data, compiles briefly the extraction methods for the recovery of lipids, proteins, phenolics, and fiber from peach by-products, and also shows in vivo study reports on anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, and anti-cerebral ischemia activities associated with peach components and by-product. Therefore, different proposals to recover bioactive fractions from peach by-products are provided, for further studies on food-product design.
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14
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New efficient meta-fermentation process for lactic acid production from municipal solid waste. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:233. [PMID: 36335355 PMCID: PMC9636838 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01960-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The global market for lactic acid is witnessing growth on the back of increasing applications of lactic acid for manufacturing polylactic acid. Indeed, the lactic acid market is expected to reach 9.8 billion US dollars by 2025. The new concept of meta-fermentation has been proposed in recent years as an alternative to fermentation with pure cultures, due to multiple advantages such as lower susceptibility to contamination, no need for sterilization of culture media or lower raw material costs. However, there are still challenges to overcome to increase the conversion efficiency, decrease formation of by-products and facilitate fermentation control. In this context, the purpose of the study was to develop a robust meta-fermentation process to efficiently produce lactic acid from the OFMSW, stable at pre-industrial scale (1500 L). To maximize lactic acid production, operating conditions (pH, HRT) were modified, and a novel bioaugmentation strategy was tested. Results A LAB-rich inoculum was generated with LAB isolated from the digestate and grown in the laboratory with MRS medium. After feeding this inoculum to the digester (bioaugmentation), lactic acid accumulation up to 41.5 gO2/L was achieved under optimal operating conditions. This corresponds to more than 70% of the filtered COD measured in the digestate. The amount of lactic acid produced was higher than the volatile fatty acids under all feeding strategies applied. Conclusions The operating conditions that enhanced the production of lactic acid from mixed cultures were 55ºC, 2 days HRT and pH 4.8–5.7, with pH-control once a day. The bioaugmentation strategy improved the results obtained in the prototype without applying reinoculation. Lactic acid was the main product along with other carboxylic acids. Further improvements are needed to increase purity as well as lactic acid concentration to reach economic feasibility of the whole process (digestion of OFMSW and downstream). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12934-022-01960-9.
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El-Beltagi HS, Eshak NS, Mohamed HI, Bendary ESA, Danial AW. Physical Characteristics, Mineral Content, and Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Punica granatum or Citrus sinensis Peel Extracts and Their Applications to Improve Cake Quality. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11131740. [PMID: 35807697 PMCID: PMC9268770 DOI: 10.3390/plants11131740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
One-third of all food produced for human use is discarded as waste, resulting in environmental pollution and impaired food security. Fruit peels have bioactive compounds that may be used as antimicrobials and antioxidants, and the use of fruit peels is considered an alternative way to reduce environmental problems and agro-industrial waste. The aim of this study was to evaluate the phytochemical, mineral, extraction yield, total phenolic, total flavonoids, antioxidant, and antibacterial activity of several peel fruits, including Citrus sinensis (orange) and Punica granatum (pomegranate). The results revealed that pomegranate peel powder contains the highest amounts of ash, fiber, total carbohydrates, Ca, Fe, Mg, and Cu, while orange peel contains the highest amounts of moisture, protein, crude fat, P, and K. Furthermore, the aqueous and methanolic pomegranate peel extracts yielded higher total phenolic and total flavonoids than the orange peel extract. The identification and quantification of polyphenol compounds belonging to different classes, such as tannins, phenolic acids, and flavonoids in pomegranate peel and flavonoid compounds in orange peel were performed using UPLC-MS/MS. In addition, GC-MS analysis of orange peel essential oil discovered that the predominant compound is D-Limonene (95.7%). The aqueous and methanolic extracts of pomegranate peel were proven to be efficient against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria linked to human infections. Sponge cake substituting wheat flour with 3% pomegranate peel and 10% orange peel powder had the highest total phenolic, flavonoid compounds, and antioxidant activity as compared to the control cake. Our results concluded that pomegranate and orange peel flour can be used in cake preparation and natural food preservers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossam S. El-Beltagi
- Agricultural Biotechnology Department, College of Agricultural and Food Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
- Correspondence: (H.S.E.-B.); or (H.I.M.); (A.W.D.)
| | - Nareman S. Eshak
- Home Economics Department, Faculty of Specific Education, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt;
| | - Heba I. Mohamed
- Biological and Geological Sciences Department, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11341, Egypt
- Correspondence: (H.S.E.-B.); or (H.I.M.); (A.W.D.)
| | - Eslam S. A. Bendary
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11241, Egypt;
| | - Amal W. Danial
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
- Correspondence: (H.S.E.-B.); or (H.I.M.); (A.W.D.)
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16
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Romano R, De Luca L, Aiello A, Rossi D, Pizzolongo F, Masi P. Bioactive compounds extracted by liquid and supercritical carbon dioxide from citrus peels. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Romano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences University of Naples Federico II via Università, 100 Portici 80055 Italy
| | - Lucia De Luca
- Department of Agricultural Sciences University of Naples Federico II via Università, 100 Portici 80055 Italy
| | - Alessandra Aiello
- Department of Agricultural Sciences University of Naples Federico II via Università, 100 Portici 80055 Italy
| | - Danilo Rossi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences University of Naples Federico II via Università, 100 Portici 80055 Italy
| | - Fabiana Pizzolongo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences University of Naples Federico II via Università, 100 Portici 80055 Italy
| | - Paolo Masi
- CAISIAL University of Naples Federico II Via Università 133 Portici 80055 Italy
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17
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Teigiserova DA, Hamelin L, Tiruta-Barna L, Ahmadi A, Thomsen M. Circular bioeconomy: Life cycle assessment of scaled-up cascading production from orange peel waste under current and future electricity mixes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 812:152574. [PMID: 34954162 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Orange peel waste (OPW) is present in large quantities both locally and globally, which makes them feasible input into the circular bioeconomy. However, due to their antimicrobial and anti-nutritional activity, they are problematic biomass, and proper waste management is yet to be determined. This life cycle assessment (LCA) quantifies the environmental performance of biorefinery producing limonene, citric acid, and animal feed from OPW generated from juice factories. Only previously assessed sustainable technologies were considered (cold press, microwave extraction, solid-state fermentation). The life cycle inventories were refined by a scale-up procedure to reflect industrial production at i) 0.5 t, ii) 100 t, and iii) 1000 t of OPW weekly. The data were translated per functional unit of 1 tonne OPW. Three electricity mixes and both attributional (average) and consequential (marginal) inventories were compared. Results showed that the environmental performance, in particular for climate change, was essentially dependent upon the electricity input, with 4388 CO2 eq for current electricity mix, 2404 CO2 eq using renewable, and 594 CO2 eq using electricity from wind. Business-as-usual scenarios for OPW (incineration and animal feed) showed better performance in most scenarios, representing -150 CO2 eq (animal feed) and -135 CO2 eq (incineration) in the climate change. Lower impacts are reached due to avoided impacts of fossil fuel use and conventional feed cultivation. Renewable energy had better environmental performance than the current electricity mix, except for eutrophication, due to digestate spreading associated with biogas use, calling for mitigation action. Our results suggest that stopping the biorefinery processes immediately after the recovery of limonene via solvent-free microwave extraction process, with subsequent use of the dried OPW as animal feed, is the most environmentally performant option. This represents a feasible strategy for the circular bioeconomy and is in line with the updated food waste hierarchy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Alexa Teigiserova
- Research Group on EcoIndustrial System Analysis, Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, Postboks 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark; Aarhus University Centre for Circular Bioeconomy, Denmark.
| | - Lorie Hamelin
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Aras Ahmadi
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | - Marianne Thomsen
- Research Group on EcoIndustrial System Analysis, Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, Postboks 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark; Aarhus University Centre for Circular Bioeconomy, Denmark
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18
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Synthesis and Characterization Studies of γ-Alumina Catalyst Prepared by Orange Peels as a Template. Top Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-022-01578-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Production of Fumaric Acid by Rhizopus arrhizus NRRL 1526: A Simple Production Medium and the Kinetic Modelling of the Bioprocess. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8020064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Fumaric acid is a promising monomer to obtain biomass-based polyesters and polyamides, and it is mainly produced by fungi of the Rhizopus genus in medium to high titters. The use of glucose, a main component of starchy and cellulosic food waste, as carbon source, together with a low-nitrogen source concentration, is a promising route to reduce process costs. In this work, the effects of nitrogen and carbonate sources on Rhizopus arrhizus NRRL 1526 morphology and fumaric acid productivity were analysed, simplifying the traditional production broth composition. Moreover, a non-structured, non-segregated kinetic model was proposed and fitted to concentration data of all relevant components obtained in batches performed in triplicate with the selected production broth at 34 °C and 200 rpm in an orbital shaker.
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20
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Galvan-Lima Â, Cunha SC, Martins ZE, Soares AG, Ferreira IMPLVO, Farah A. Headspace volatolome of peel flours from citrus fruits grown in Brazil. Food Res Int 2021; 150:110801. [PMID: 34863493 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Citrus fruit peel comprises a pleasant mix of volatile compounds together with fibers, nutrients, and bioactive compounds. Therefore, it has great potential for use as a food ingredient. Studies evaluating the volatile composition of citrus peel flours are limited for most citruses. The goal of this study was to characterize, by HS-SPME/GC-MS, the volatile profile of citrus peel flours made from fruits commonly grown in Brazil. Two composite samples of ten types of citrus peel flours from consecutive harvests were evaluated. 69 volatile compounds were assigned, 49 in Tahiti acid lime, 49 in Sicilian lemon, 37 in Persian lime, 34 in Italian tangerine and oval kumquat, 33 in Valencia orange, 32 in Baia orange and round kumquat, 28 in Blood-of-Mombuca orange and 26 in Lima orange. 26 major compounds represented 93-99% of the total chromatogram peak area. Terpenic compounds were predominant in all samples, especially monoterpenes (about 48-97% of the total chromatogram peak area), while lower proportions of aldehydes (0.2-16.1%), monoterpene alcohols (0.4-11.8%) and esters (0.0-7.7%) were observed. Even though a few compounds like limonene, β-myrcene, linalool, α-pinene and valencene were detected in all citrus, volatile compounds followed specific patterns in the different citruses, with a clear distinction among them, especially between lemon flours and the remaining flours. The variety of volatile profiles and singular specific volatolomic signatures in citrus peels can be explored for different applications related to food flavoring and preservation, and promotion of good health. These aspects should be thoroughly investigated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ângela Galvan-Lima
- Laboratório de Química e Bioatividade de Alimentos, Instituto de Nutrição, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS, Bl. J, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brasil; Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Rua Gomes Carneiro, 01, 96010-610, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil; LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, 4099-030 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Sara C Cunha
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, 4099-030 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Zita E Martins
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, 4099-030 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Antonio G Soares
- Embrapa Agroindústria de Alimentos: Av. das Américas, n° 29.501, Guaratiba/23020-470 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
| | - Isabel M P L V O Ferreira
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, 4099-030 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Adriana Farah
- Laboratório de Química e Bioatividade de Alimentos, Instituto de Nutrição, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS, Bl. J, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brasil.
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21
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Hydrothermal Carbonization as Sustainable Process for the Complete Upgrading of Orange Peel Waste into Value-Added Chemicals and Bio-Carbon Materials. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app112210983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a simple and green protocol to obtain hydrochar and high-added value products, mainly 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), furfural (FU), levulinic acid (LA) and alkyl levulinates, by using the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of orange peel waste (OPW) is presented. Process variables, such as reaction temperature (180–300 °C), reaction time (60–300 min), biomass:water ratio and initial pH were investigated in order to find the optimum conditions that maximize both the yields of solid hydrochar and 5-HMF and levulinates in the bio-oil. Data obtained evidence that the highest yield of hydrochar is obtained at a 210 °C reaction temperature, 180 min residence time, 6/1 w/w orange peel waste to water ratio and a 3.6 initial pH. The bio-products distribution strongly depends on the applied reaction conditions. Overall, 180 °C was found to be the best reaction temperature that maximizes the production of furfural and 5-HMF in the presence of pure water as a reaction medium.
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22
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Comprehensive Utilization of Thinned Unripe Fruits from Horticultural Crops. Foods 2021; 10:foods10092043. [PMID: 34574153 PMCID: PMC8467360 DOI: 10.3390/foods10092043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fruit thinning is a cultivation technique that is widely applied in horticulture in order to obtain high-quality horticultural crops. This practice results in the discarding of a large number of thinned unripe fruits in orchards each year, which produces a great waste of agricultural resources and causes soil pollution that may be an important reservoir for pest and plant diseases. Current studies showed that bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, organic acids, monosaccharides and starches are present in unripe fruits. Therefore, we reviewed the bioactive components obtained from thinned unripe fruits, their revalorization for the food industry, their beneficial effects for human health and the methods for obtaining these components. We also performed a calculation of the costs and benefits of obtaining these bioactive compounds, and we proposed future research directions. This review provides a reference for the effective utilization and industrial development of thinned unripe fruits obtained from horticultural crops. Furthermore, revalorizing the waste from this cultural practice may increase the economic benefits and relieve the environmental stress.
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23
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Hemicellulosic biomass conversion by Moroccan hot spring Bacillus paralicheniformis CCMM B940 evidenced by glycoside hydrolase activities and whole genome sequencing. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:379. [PMID: 34447652 PMCID: PMC8298745 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02919-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermophilic bacteria, especially from the genus Bacillus, constitute a huge potential source of novel enzymes that could be relevant for biotechnological applications. In this work, we described the cellulose and hemicellulose-related enzymatic activities of the hot spring Bacillus aerius CCMM B940 from the Moroccan Coordinated Collections of Microorganisms (CCMM), and revealed its potential for hemicellulosic biomass utilization. Indeed, B940 was able to degrade complex polysaccharides such as xylan and lichenan and exhibited activity towards carboxymethylcellulose. The strain was also able to grow on agriculture waste such as orange and apple peels as the sole carbon source. Whole-genome sequencing allowed the reclassification of CCMM B940 previously known as B. aerius into Bacillus paralicheniformis since the former species name has been rejected. The draft genome reported here is composed of 38 contigs resulting in a genome of 4,315,004 bp and an average G + C content of 45.87%, and is an important resource for illuminating the molecular mechanisms of carbohydrate metabolism. The annotated genomic sequences evidenced more than 52 genes encoding glycoside hydrolases and pectate lyases belonging to 27 different families of CAZymes that are involved in the degradation of plant cell wall carbohydrates. Genomic predictions in addition to in vitro experiments have revealed broad hydrolytic capabilities of the strain, thus reinforcing its relevance for biotechnology applications.
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24
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Liu N, Li X, Zhao P, Zhang X, Qiao O, Huang L, Guo L, Gao W. A review of chemical constituents and health-promoting effects of citrus peels. Food Chem 2021; 365:130585. [PMID: 34325351 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Citrus is one of the main fruits processed worldwide, producing a lot of industrial by-products. As the main part of citrus "residue", citrus peels have a wide application prospect. They could not only be directly used to produce various food products, but also be used as promising biofuels to produce ethanol and methane. Additionally, functional components (flavonoids, limonoids, alkaloids, essential oils and pectin) extracted from citrus peels have been related to the improvement of human health against active oxygen, inflammatory, cancer and metabolic disorders. Therefore, it is clear that the citrus peels have great potential to be developed into useful functional foods, medicines and biofuels. This review systematically summarizes the recent advances in current uses, processing, bioactive components and biological properties of citrus peels. A better understanding of citrus peels may provide reference for making full use of it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Xia Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Ping Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Xueqian Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Ou Qiao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Luqi Huang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Lanping Guo
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300193, China.
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25
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Fazzino F, Mauriello F, Paone E, Sidari R, Calabrò PS. Integral valorization of orange peel waste through optimized ensiling: Lactic acid and bioethanol production. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 271:129602. [PMID: 33453477 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The management of the huge amount of orange peel waste (OPW) is a complex issue although it has a very high potential in terms of biorefining. One of the main problems in the valorisation of OPW is the seasonality of its production with the ensiling method being largely proposed as a possible solution. During the ensiling process, value added chemicals including lactic acid, acetic acid and ethanol are spontaneously produced together with a significant loss of volatile solids (VS) . In this contribution, the stimulation of lactic acid bacteria by either a biological (inoculation with leachate coming from a previous ensiling process) or chemical (MnCl2 supplementation) methods has been tested with the aim to increase the chemicals production preventing, at the same time, the VS loss. The inoculation with the leachate improves both the VS recovery (+7%) and the concentration of lactic acid (+113%) with respect to the uninoculated one (control). The overall yields of the process are noticeable, up to about 55 g·kgTS-1 of lactic acid, 26 g·kgTS-1 of acetic acid and 120 g g·kgTS-1 of ethanol have been produced. On the other hand, the chemical stimulation enhances the production of liquid products together with a significant VS loss. The proposed preservation method, due to its simplicity, can be easily implemented at full-scale allowing the production of added-value chemicals and the concurrent storage of the OPW that can be further valorised (e.g. animal feed, pectin or biomethane production).
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Fazzino
- Università Degli Studi Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Department of Civil, Energy, Environmental and Materials Engineering, Via Graziella, Loc. Feo di Vito, 89122, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Francesco Mauriello
- Università Degli Studi Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Department of Civil, Energy, Environmental and Materials Engineering, Via Graziella, Loc. Feo di Vito, 89122, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Emilia Paone
- Università Degli Studi di Firenze, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale (DIEF), Via di S. Marta 3, I-50139, Firenze, Italy
| | - Rossana Sidari
- Università Degli Studi Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Department Agraria, Loc. Feo di Vito, 89122, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Paolo S Calabrò
- Università Degli Studi Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Department of Civil, Energy, Environmental and Materials Engineering, Via Graziella, Loc. Feo di Vito, 89122, Reggio Calabria, Italy.
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Orange peels and shrimp shell used in a fermentation process to produce an aqueous extract with bioherbicide potential to weed control. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.101947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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27
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Teigiserova DA, Tiruta-Barna L, Ahmadi A, Hamelin L, Thomsen M. A step closer to circular bioeconomy for citrus peel waste: A review of yields and technologies for sustainable management of essential oils. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 280:111832. [PMID: 33360259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study presents a critical overview of reported essential oil (EO) extractions from citrus peel wastes (CPW), including harmonized data on the various citrus species and cultivars. Harmonization is vital to enable sustainable management practices. The review only includes eco-efficient extraction techniques. In total, the review contains 66 quantified examples using i) mechanical cold press ii) thermal extraction with water or steam media iii) thermal microwave-assisted extraction iv) other innovative methods (such as ultrasound). The technologies were assessed for their potential use in cascading production to achieve economies of scope, particularly considering the use of extraction residues for subsequent fermentation to produce various products from energy carriers to enzymes. Two techniques were found insufficient for direct use in fermentation. Cold press extracts an inadequate amount of EO (average yield 2.85% DW) to ensure suitable fermentation, while solvent extraction contaminates the residues for its subsequent use. Extractions using water media, such as hydrodistillation and microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (average EO yield 2.87% DW), are feasible for the liquid-based fermentation processes, such as submerged fermentation. Steam extraction is feasible for any type of fermentation. Our review highlighted solvent-free microwave extraction (average EO yield 5.29% DW) as the most effective method, which provides a high yield in a short extraction time. We also uncovered and discussed several inconsistencies in existing yields and energy consumption published data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Alexa Teigiserova
- Research Group on EcoIndustrial System Analysis, Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, Postboks 358, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark; Aarhus University Centre for Circular Bioeconomy, Denmark.
| | - Ligia Tiruta-Barna
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), INSA, INRAE UMR792, and CNRS UMR5504, Federal University of Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077, Toulouse, France.
| | - Aras Ahmadi
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), INSA, INRAE UMR792, and CNRS UMR5504, Federal University of Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077, Toulouse, France.
| | - Lorie Hamelin
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), INSA, INRAE UMR792, and CNRS UMR5504, Federal University of Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077, Toulouse, France.
| | - Marianne Thomsen
- Research Group on EcoIndustrial System Analysis, Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, Postboks 358, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark; Aarhus University Centre for Circular Bioeconomy, Denmark.
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Khabeeri OM, Al-Thabaiti SA, Khan Z. Citrus sinensis peel waste assisted synthesis of AgNPs: effect of surfactant on the nucleation and morphology. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-03801-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Martins LC, Monteiro CC, Semedo PM, Sá-Correia I. Valorisation of pectin-rich agro-industrial residues by yeasts: potential and challenges. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:6527-6547. [PMID: 32474799 PMCID: PMC7347521 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10697-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Pectin-rich agro-industrial residues are feedstocks with potential for sustainable biorefineries. They are generated in high amounts worldwide from the industrial processing of fruits and vegetables. The challenges posed to the industrial implementation of efficient bioprocesses are however manyfold and thoroughly discussed in this review paper, mainly at the biological level. The most important yeast cell factory platform for advanced biorefineries is currently Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but this yeast species cannot naturally catabolise the main sugars present in pectin-rich agro-industrial residues hydrolysates, in particular D-galacturonic acid and L-arabinose. However, there are non-Saccharomyces species (non-conventional yeasts) considered advantageous alternatives whenever they can express highly interesting metabolic pathways, natively assimilate a wider range of carbon sources or exhibit higher tolerance to relevant bioprocess-related stresses. For this reason, the interest in non-conventional yeasts for biomass-based biorefineries is gaining momentum. This review paper focuses on the valorisation of pectin-rich residues by exploring the potential of yeasts that exhibit vast metabolic versatility for the efficient use of the carbon substrates present in their hydrolysates and high robustness to cope with the multiple stresses encountered. The major challenges and the progresses made related with the isolation, selection, sugar catabolism, metabolic engineering and use of non-conventional yeasts and S. cerevisiae-derived strains for the bioconversion of pectin-rich residue hydrolysates are discussed. The reported examples of value-added products synthesised by different yeasts using pectin-rich residues are reviewed. Key Points • Review of the challenges and progresses made on the bioconversion of pectin-rich residues by yeasts. • Catabolic pathways for the main carbon sources present in pectin-rich residues hydrolysates. • Multiple stresses with potential to affect bioconversion productivity. • Yeast metabolic engineering to improve pectin-rich residues bioconversion. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís C Martins
- iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Catarina C Monteiro
- iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paula M Semedo
- iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Isabel Sá-Correia
- iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
- Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Farahmandfar R, Tirgarian B, Dehghan B, Nemati A. Changes in chemical composition and biological activity of essential oil from Thomson navel orange ( Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) peel under freezing, convective, vacuum, and microwave drying methods. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:124-138. [PMID: 31993139 PMCID: PMC6977496 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thomson navel orange peel is a by-product of citrus processing, which contains high levels of bioactive compounds advantageous to human health, nevertheless due to its high moisture content it is exceedingly perishable. Drying is among the most common preservation methods, which could prolong the plants shelf-life via reducing their moisture value. Taking this into account, depending on their type and conditions, drying techniques could degrade plant heat-sensitive metabolites and lead to quality decline. Therefore, the goal of this paper was to investigate the influence of seven drying methods named sun, shade, oven, vacuum oven, microwave, and freeze-drying with different drying conditions on the physical properties, for example, bulk density and color (L*, a*, b*, ΔE, and browning index (BI)) and essential oil characteristics such as extraction yield, chemical composition, antioxidant (total phenolic content (TPC), DPPH, and FRAP essays), and antimicrobial (MIC and MBC) activities of Thomson peel and determine the superior drying procedure. Results showed that freeze-dried sample had the highest retention of L* (48.54) and b* (49.00) values, lowest BI (216.11) as well as highest EO extraction yield (6.90%), TPC (60.10 GAE/100 g), FRAP (0.52% at 80 mg/ml), and lowest IC50 (5.00 mg/ml), MIC and MBC compared with other drying treatments. Therefore, it could be inferred that freeze-drying is the most efficient drying approach in respect of preserving both physical and EO attributes of Thomson peel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Farahmandfar
- Department of Food Science and TechnologySari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources UniversitySariIran
| | - Behraad Tirgarian
- Department of Food Science and TechnologySari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources UniversitySariIran
| | - Bahare Dehghan
- Department of Food Science and TechnologySari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources UniversitySariIran
| | - Azeeta Nemati
- Department of Food Science and TechnologySari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources UniversitySariIran
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Comparison of different drying methods on bitter orange (Citrus aurantium L.) peel waste: changes in physical (density and color) and essential oil (yield, composition, antioxidant and antibacterial) properties of powders. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-019-00334-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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