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Guo X, Wang L, Zhang J, Liu Q, Wang B, Liu D, Gao F, Lanzi G, Zhao Y, Shi Y. Thwarting resistance: MgrA inhibition with methylophiopogonanone a unveils a new battlefront against S. aureus. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2024; 10:15. [PMID: 38413623 PMCID: PMC10899606 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-024-00485-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Limitations in the clinical treatment of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infections have arisen due to the advent of antibiotic-resistant strains. Given the immense potential of therapeutic strategies targeting bacterial virulence, the role of MgrA as a pivotal virulence determinant in S. aureus-orchestrating resistance, adherence, and hundreds of virulence targets-becomes indispensable. In this investigation, leveraging advanced virtual screening and fluorescence anisotropy assays, we discerned methylophiopogonanone A (Mo-A), a flavonoid derivative, as a potent disruptor of the MgrA-DNA interaction nexus. Subsequent analysis revealed that Mo-A effectively inhibits the expression of virulence factors such as Hla and Pvl in S. aureus and markedly reduces its adhesion capability to fibrinogen. On a cellular landscape, Mo-A exerts a mitigating influence on the deleterious effects inflicted by S. aureus USA300 on A549 cells. Furthermore, our data indicate that Mo-A downregulates the transcription of genes associated with immune evasion, such as nucleases (nuc), Staphylococcal Chemotaxis Inhibitory Protein (chips), and Staphylococcal Complement Inhibitor (scin), thereby undermining immune escape and amplifying neutrophil chemotaxis. Upon application in an in vivo setting, Mo-A assumes a protective persona in a murine model of S. aureus USA300-induced pneumonia and demonstrates efficacy in the Galleria mellonella infection model. Of note, S. aureus displayed no swift acquisition of resistance to Mo-A, and the effect was synergistically enhanced when used in combination with vancomycin. Our findings add substantive weight to the expanding field of virulence-targeted therapeutic strategies and set the stage for more comprehensive exploration of Mo-A potential in combating antibiotic-resistant S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuerui Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Li Wang
- Clinical Medical College, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Quan Liu
- Center for Pathogen Biology and Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bingmei Wang
- Clinical Medical College, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Da Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | | | - Yicheng Zhao
- Clinical Medical College, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.
- Center for Pathogen Biology and Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Yan Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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Wang S, Lin F, Zhang C, Gao D, Qi Z, Wu S, Wang W, Li X, Pan L, Xu Y, Tan B, Yang A. Xuanbai Chengqi Decoction alleviates acute lung injury by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117227. [PMID: 37751794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) is a prevalent critical respiratory disorder caused mostly by infection and other factors. However, effective drug therapies are currently lacking. Xuanbai Chengqi Decoction (XCD), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription, is commonly employed to treat lung diseases. It has been recommended by Chinese health authorities as one of the TCM prescriptions for COVID-19. Nonetheless, its underlying mechanism for the treatment of ALI has not been fully understood. AIM OF THE STUDY The study aims to investigate the therapeutic effect of XCD on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -induced ALI in mice and explore its anti-inflammatory mechanism involving pyroptosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was employed to identify the active compounds of XCD, and quantitative analysis of the main compounds was conducted. Male C57BL/6J mice were given different doses of XCD (4.5 and 9.0 g/kg/day) or dexamethasone (5 mg/kg/day) by oral gavage for 5 consecutive days. Subsequently, ALI was induced by injecting LPS (20 mg/kg) intraperitoneally 2 h after the last administration, and serum and lung tissues were collected 8 h later. J774A.1 cells were pretreated with different doses of XCD (100, 200, 400 μg/ml) for 12 h, then incubated with LPS (1 μg/ml) for 4 h and ATP (1 mM) for 2 h to induce pyroptosis. Supernatant and cells were collected. Moreover, J774A.1 cells were transfected with an NLRP3 overexpression plasmid for 24 h, followed by subsequent experiments with XCD (400 μg/ml). Lung histopathological changes were evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. To assess the efficacy of XCD on ALI/ARDS, the levels of inflammatory factors, chemokines, and proteins associated with NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway were evaluated. RESULTS XCD was found to ameliorate lung inflammation injury in ALI mice, and reduce the protein expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in both mouse serum and J774A.1 cell supernatant. Meanwhile, XCD significantly decreased the mRNA levels of IL-1β, pro-IL-1β, CXCL1, CXCL10, TNF-α, NLRP3, NF-κB P65, and the protein expression of NLRP3, Cleaved-Caspase1, and GSDMD-N in the lung and J774A.1 cells. These effects were consistent with the NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950. Furthermore, overexpression of NLRP3 reversed the anti-inflammatory effect of XCD. CONCLUSION The therapeutic mechanism of XCD in ALI treatment may involve alleviating inflammatory responses in lung tissues by inhibiting the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Feifei Lin
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Chengxi Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Dan Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Zhuocao Qi
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Suwan Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Wantao Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Xiaoqian Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Lingyun Pan
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 210203, China.
| | - Yanwu Xu
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Bo Tan
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Aidong Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Jiang Y, Hou J, Liu C, Zhao C, Xu Y, Song W, Shu Z, Wang B. Inhibitory Effect of Salicin on Staphylococcus aureus Coagulase. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202300302. [PMID: 37755368 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
The massive use of antibiotics has resulted in an alarming increase in antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). This study aimed to identify the inhibitory effect of salicin on S. aureus. Coagulase (Coa) activity was assessed using in vitro Coa assays and Western blot, thermal shift assay (TSA), fluorescence quenching and molecular docking experiments were conducted to verify the interaction between salicin and Coa. An in vivo mouse pneumonia model demonstrated that salicin can reduce the virulence of S. aureus. In vitro Coa assays elucidated that salicin directly inhibited Coa activity. The Western blot and TSA results suggested that salicin did not block the expression of Coa but affected the thermal stability of the protein by binding to Coa. The fluorescence quenching, molecular docking and molecular dynamics assays have found that the most promising binding site between salicin and Coa was GLN-97. The pneumonia model of mice infected with S. aureus revealed that salicin could not only reduce the content of lung bacteria in mice but also prolong their survival. Salicin was identified as a novel anti-infective candidate compound with the potential to target Coa and inhibit its activity by binding to it, which would facilitate the development of roadmaps for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Jiang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No.1035 Boshuo Road Jingyue National High-tech Industrial Development Zone, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Juan Hou
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No.1035 Boshuo Road Jingyue National High-tech Industrial Development Zone, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No.1035 Boshuo Road Jingyue National High-tech Industrial Development Zone, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Chunhui Zhao
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No.1035 Boshuo Road Jingyue National High-tech Industrial Development Zone, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Yangming Xu
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No.1035 Boshuo Road Jingyue National High-tech Industrial Development Zone, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Wu Song
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No.1035 Boshuo Road Jingyue National High-tech Industrial Development Zone, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Zunhua Shu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No.1643, Jingyue Street Nanguan District, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Bingmei Wang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No.1035 Boshuo Road Jingyue National High-tech Industrial Development Zone, Changchun, 130117, China
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Zhang C, Zhang W, Zhu S, Hu C, Che S, Wang M, Jin M, Bian N, Song W, Jiang S, Jiang Y, Hou J, Liu C, Zhou H, Wei L, Shi G, Tang Y. Bilobetin attenuates Staphylococcus aureus virulence by targeting Von Willebrand factor-binding protein and staphylocoagulase. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:358. [PMID: 37884743 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03812-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) induces a variety of infectious diseases in humans and animals and is responsible for hospital- and community-acquired infections. The aim of this study was to investigate how bilobetin, a natural compound, attenuates S. aureus virulence by inhibiting two key virulence factors, von Willebrand factor-binding protein (vWbp) and staphylocoagulase (Coa). The results showed that bilobetin inhibited Coa- or vWbp-induced coagulation without affecting S. aureus proliferation. The Western blotting and fluorescence quenching assays indicated that bilobetin did not affect the expression of vWbp and Coa but directly bound to the proteins with KA values of 1.66 × 104 L/mol and 1.04 × 104 L/mol, respectively. To gain further insight into the mechanism of interaction of bilobetin with these virulence factors, we performed molecular docking and point mutation assays, which indicated that the TYR-6 and TYR-18 residues on vWbp and the ALA-190 and ASP-189 residues on Coa were essential for the binding of bilobetin. In addition, the in vivo studies showed that bilobetin ameliorated lung tissue damage and inflammation caused by S. aureus, thereby improving the survival of mice. Furthermore, the use of bilobetin as an adjuvant in combination with vancomycin was more effective in the treatment of a mouse model of pneumonia. Taken together, bilobetin had a dual inhibitory effect on vWbp and Coa by reducing the virulence of S. aureus, suggesting that it is a viable lead compound against S. aureus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wenyuan Zhang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Shuyue Zhu
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Chunjie Hu
- Proctology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Sihua Che
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Meiling Wang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Mengli Jin
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Nan Bian
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Wu Song
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Shuang Jiang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yijing Jiang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Juan Hou
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Haofang Zhou
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Lin Wei
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.
| | - Guijun Shi
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.
- Changchun Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.
| | - Yong Tang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.
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Shokry S, Hegazy A, Abbas AM, Mostafa I, Eissa IH, Metwaly AM, Yahya G, El-Shazly AM, Aboshanab KM, Mostafa A. Phytoestrogen β-Sitosterol Exhibits Potent In Vitro Antiviral Activity against Influenza A Viruses. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:228. [PMID: 36851106 PMCID: PMC9964242 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza is a contagious infection in humans that is caused frequently by low pathogenic seasonal influenza viruses and occasionally by pathogenic avian influenza viruses (AIV) of H5, H7, and H9 subtypes. Recently, the clinical sector in poultry and humans has been confronted with many challenges, including the limited number of antiviral drugs and the rapid evolution of drug-resistant variants. Herein, the anti-influenza activities of various plant-derived phytochemicals were investigated against highly pathogenic avian influenza A/H5N1 virus (HPAIV H5N1) and seasonal low pathogenic human influenza A/H1N1 virus (LPHIV H1N1). Out of the 22 tested phytochemicals, the steroid compounds β-sitosterol and β-sitosterol-O-glucoside have very potent activity against the predefined influenza A viruses (IAV). Both steroids could induce such activity by affecting multiple stages during IAV replication cycles, including viral adsorption and replication with a major and significant impact on the virus directly in a cell-free status "viricidal effect". On a molecular level, several molecular docking studies suggested that β-sitosterol and β-sitosterol-O-glucoside exhibited viricidal effects through blocking active binding sites of the hemagglutinin surface protein, as well as showing inhibitory effects against replication through the binding with influenza neuraminidase activity and blocking the active sites of the M2 proton channel activity. The phytoestrogen β-sitosterol has structural similarity with the active form of the female sex hormone estradiol, and this similarity is likely one of the molecular determinants that enables the phytoestrogen β-sitosterol and its derivative to control IAV infection in vitro. This promising anti-influenza activity of β-sitosterol and its O-glycoside derivative, according to both in vitro and cheminformatics studies, recommend both phytochemicals for further studies going through preclinical and clinical phases as efficient anti-influenza drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Shokry
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Akram Hegazy
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza District, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Ahmad M. Abbas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Salman International University (KSIU), Sinai 46612, Egypt
| | - Islam Mostafa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim H. Eissa
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Metwaly
- Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
- Biopharmaceutical Products Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria 21934, Egypt
| | - Galal Yahya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Assem M. El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
- Faculty of Pharmacy, El Saleheya El Gadida University, El Saleheya El Gadida 44813, Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Khaled M. Aboshanab
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Mostafa
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt
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Nanjundaswamy S, Jayashankar J, Chethana M, Renganathan RA, Karthik C, Ananda A, Nagashree S, Mallu P, Rai VR. Design, synthesis, and in-silico studies of pyrazolylpyridine analogues: A futuristic antibacterial contender against coagulase positive superbug-MRSA. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Polyphenols as Inhibitors of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria-Mechanisms Underlying Rutin Interference with Bacterial Virulence. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15030385. [PMID: 35337182 PMCID: PMC8952364 DOI: 10.3390/ph15030385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The rising incidence of antibiotic resistant microorganisms urges novel antimicrobials development with polyphenols as appealing potential therapeutics. We aimed to reveal the most promising polyphenols among hesperetin, hesperidin, naringenin, naringin, taxifolin, rutin, isoquercitrin, morin, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, and gallic acid based on antimicrobial capacity, antibiofilm potential, and lack of cytotoxicity towards HaCaT, and to further test its antivirulence mechanisms. Although the majority of studied polyphenols were able to inhibit bacterial growth and biofilm formation, the most promising activities were observed for rutin. Further investigation proved rutin’s ability to prevent/eradicate Pseudomonas aeruginosa and MRSA urinary catheter biofilms. Besides reduction of biofilm biomass, rutin antibiofilm mechanisms included reduction of cell viability, exopolysaccharide, and extracellular DNA levels. Moderate reduction of bacterial adhesion to human keratinocytes upon treatment was observed. Rutin antivirulence mechanisms included an impact on P. aeruginosa protease, pyocyanin, rhamnolipid, and elastase production and the downregulation of the lasI, lasR, rhlI, rhlR, pqsA and mvfR genes. Rutin also interfered with membrane permeability. Polyphenols could repress antibiotic resistant bacteria. Rutin has shown wide antimicrobial and antibiofilm capacity employing a range of mechanisms that might be used for the development of novel antimicrobials.
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Kang X, Ma Q, Wang G, Li N, Mao Y, Wang X, Wang Y, Wang G. Potential Mechanisms of Quercetin Influence the ClfB Protein During Biofilm Formation of Staphylococcus aureus. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:825489. [PMID: 35153795 PMCID: PMC8831371 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.825489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to establish the mode of binding between Quercetin (QEN) and an essential protein called ClfB in forming biofilm in Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). In this study, the raw data of GSE163153 were analyzed for quality control, alignment, and gene counts, and the differential analysis detected the key differentially expressed genes (DEGs) assisting in the formation of the S. aureus biofilm. Then, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) and gene function enrichment analyses of the target genes, identified a gene called clfB to be closely related to biofilm formation. ClfB was structurally characterized, molecularly docked, and kinetically simulated to unravel the mode of binding of QEN to ClfB. Meanwhile, the growth curve and transmission electron microscopy methods examined the effect of QEN on the S. aureus growth. Results indicated that the clfB gene was increasingly expressed during biofilm formation and was involved in cell adhesion, pathogenicity, and infection. We identified 5 amino acid sites of ClfB (D272, R331, I379, K391, E490) as potential sites for binding QEN, which would indirectly influence the changes in the functional sites N234, D270, Y273, F328, inhibiting the formation of biofilm. Meanwhile, 128 μg/ml of QEN could significantly inhibit the S. aureus biofilm formation. This manuscript serves as a molecular foundation for QEN as an antibacterial drug providing a new perspective for developing antibacterial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyun Kang
- Veterinary Pharmacology Lab, School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Veterinary Pharmacology Lab, School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Guilai Wang
- Yinchuan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yinchuan, China
| | - Na Li
- Veterinary Pharmacology Lab, School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yanni Mao
- Veterinary Pharmacology Lab, School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Veterinary Pharmacology Lab, School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yuxia Wang
- Veterinary Pharmacology Lab, School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Guiqin Wang
- Veterinary Pharmacology Lab, School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- *Correspondence: Guiqin Wang,
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Xiang H, Yang P, Wang L, Li J, Wang T, Xue J, Wang D, Ma H. Isovitexin Is a Direct Inhibitor of Staphylococcus aureus Coagulase. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 31:1350-1357. [PMID: 34409949 PMCID: PMC9706020 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2105.05013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a major pathogen that causes human pneumonia, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. S. aureus coagulase (Coa) triggers the polymerization of fibrin by activating host prothrombin, which then converts fibrinogen to fibrin and contributes to S. aureus pathogenesis and persistent infection. In our research, we demonstrate that isovitexin, an active traditional Chinese medicine component, can inhibit the coagulase activity of Coa but does not interfere with the growth of S. aureus. Furthermore, we show through thermal shift and fluorescence quenching assays that isovitexin directly binds to Coa. Dynamic simulation and structure-activity relationship analyses suggest that V191 and P268 are key amino acid residues responsible for the binding of isovitexin to Coa. Taken together, these data indicate that isovitexin is a direct Coa inhibitor and a promising candidate for drug development against S. aureus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Xiang
- College of Animal Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P.R. China,College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P.R. China,The Key Laboratory of New Veterinary Drug Research and Development of Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P.R. China
| | - Panpan Yang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, P.R. China
| | - Tiedong Wang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, P.R. China
| | - Junze Xue
- College of Animal Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P.R. China,College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P.R. China,The Key Laboratory of New Veterinary Drug Research and Development of Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P.R. China
| | - Dacheng Wang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, P.R. China,Corresponding author Phone: +86-431-84532812 E-mail:
| | - Hongxia Ma
- College of Animal Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P.R. China,College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P.R. China,The Engineering Research Center of Bioreactor and Drug Development, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P.R. China,Corresponding author Phone: +86-431-84532812 E-mail:
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Inferring multilayer interactome networks shaping phenotypic plasticity and evolution. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5304. [PMID: 34489412 PMCID: PMC8421358 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25086-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity represents a capacity by which the organism changes its phenotypes in response to environmental stimuli. Despite its pivotal role in adaptive evolution, how phenotypic plasticity is genetically controlled remains elusive. Here, we develop a unified framework for coalescing all single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) into a quantitative graph. This framework integrates functional genetic mapping, evolutionary game theory, and predator-prey theory to decompose the net genetic effect of each SNP into its independent and dependent components. The independent effect arises from the intrinsic capacity of a SNP, only expressed when it is in isolation, whereas the dependent effect results from the extrinsic influence of other SNPs. The dependent effect is conceptually beyond the traditional definition of epistasis by not only characterizing the strength of epistasis but also capturing the bi-causality of epistasis and the sign of the causality. We implement functional clustering and variable selection to infer multilayer, sparse, and multiplex interactome networks from any dimension of genetic data. We design and conduct two GWAS experiments using Staphylococcus aureus, aimed to test the genetic mechanisms underlying the phenotypic plasticity of this species to vancomycin exposure and Escherichia coli coexistence. We reconstruct the two most comprehensive genetic networks for abiotic and biotic phenotypic plasticity. Pathway analysis shows that SNP-SNP epistasis for phenotypic plasticity can be annotated to protein-protein interactions through coding genes. Our model can unveil the regulatory mechanisms of significant loci and excavate missing heritability from some insignificant loci. Our multilayer genetic networks provide a systems tool for dissecting environment-induced evolution.
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Luo D, Wang W, Chen Q, Peng L, Hu X, Chen K. cydA, spdC, and mroQ are novel genes involved in the plasma coagulation of Staphylococcus aureus. Microbiol Immunol 2021; 65:383-391. [PMID: 34050992 PMCID: PMC9292280 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Coagulation is a critical pathogenic process in Staphylococcus aureus. Although the agglutination of S. aureus has been studied for a long time, the genes involved in this process are not completely clear. We performed tube agglutination and dynamic turbidimetry tests to identify novel genes involved in reduced plasma coagulation. A total of 15 genes were identified, including coa, clfA, vwbp, saeS, agrA, trpC, spdC, mroQ, cydA, qoxC, sucC, pyrP, menH, threonine aldolase, and truncated transposase for IS1272. The functions of these genes include bicomponent regulation, membrane transport, energy metabolism and biosynthesis, respectively. cydA, spdC, and mroQ genes were further studied by gene knockout and complementation. Results of gene knockout and complementation and real-time-qPCR proved that cydA, spdC, and mroQ genes are necessary for plasma coagulation. Furthermore, the survival ability of 7 day mice decreased significantly when cydA, spdC, and mroQ genes had been knocked out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of medicine, Nanchang University, Graduate school, Nanchang, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Linfeng Peng
- Department of Respiration, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaomei Hu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kaisen Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Polyphenol-Rich Larix decidua Bark Extract with Antimicrobial Activity against Respiratory-Tract Pathogens: A Novel Bioactive Ingredient with Potential Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Applications. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10070789. [PMID: 34203520 PMCID: PMC8300756 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10070789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Larch (Larix decidua) bark is a sawmill waste, traditionally used for antiseptic, expectorant and dermatological (wound healing, eczema, psoriasis) purposes. In this work, we developed a food-grade dry larch bark extract (LBE) from sawmill by-products using hydro-alcoholic extraction. The antibacterial activity of LBE was evaluated against respiratory-tract pathogens, i.e., Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Haemophilus influenza, and it was compared to that of grapefruit seed extract (GSE), a commercially available raw material commonly proposed as antibacterial ingredient for over-the-counter products. Procyanidins (PACs) and other polyphenols contents in LBE were determined by HPLC-FLD-MS and HPLC-DAD-MSn, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of LBE and GSE was assessed using the micro-plate dilution technique in concentration range of 2-200 µg/mL, and the safety of these dosages was assessed in cellular and animal models. LBE showed considerable contents of PACs (15% w/w; especially B-type) and other polyphenols (3.8% w/w), among which the characteristic spiropolyphenols larixinol and epilarixinol were identified, together with the flavonoids isoquercitrin and rutin, already reported as growth inhibitors of different respiratory-tract pathogens. LBE showed higher antimicrobial activity compared to GSE, demonstrated by a growth inhibition range of 10-40% towards five of six strains tested, compared to 10-15% of GSE. These results suggest that LBE may represent a natural and sustainable source of active compounds with antibacterial activity for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications.
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Liu C, Wang W, Li H, Liu J, Zhang P, Cheng Y, Qin X, Hu Y, Wei Y. The neuroprotective effects of isoquercitrin purified from apple pomace by high-speed countercurrent chromatography in the MPTP acute mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Food Funct 2021; 12:6091-6101. [PMID: 34047315 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00843a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. Researchers have shown that oxidative stress and apoptosis play an important role in the Parkinson's disease process. Isoquercitrin (quercetin-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside) is a natural flavonol compound and one of the main active ingredients of agricultural waste apple pomace. Increasing evidence indicates that this compound possesses anti-oxidation, anti-aging, and anti-inflammation properties. In this study, isoquercitrin was purified from apple pomace by high-speed countercurrent chromatography and its neuroprotective effect on Parkinson's disease was investigated in MPTP-induced acute mouse models. It was found that isoquercitrin ameliorated the animal behaviors against MPTP-induced neurotoxicity, mitigated the loss of dopamine neurons induced by MPTP, increased tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine transporter expression, reduced the pro-apoptotic signaling molecule bax expression and inhibited MPTP-triggered oxidative stress. Our results demonstrated that isoquercitrin has protective effects on the MPTP subacute model mouse, which might be partially mediated through the actions of anti-oxidation and anti-apoptosis. Isoquercitrin might be a new promising protective drug for the improvement of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Hao Li
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Jiangang Liu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Yong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine for Ministry of Education, Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoyan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine for Ministry of Education, Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine for Ministry of Education, Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yun Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
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